dlscrib.com-pdf-ejemplo-proyecto-ti--dl 9314126fa0afe2e34cce21056c02b609

NC\ÉWZMH K.- Ojrj`nkc gj \rhyjnths
3.3 K`knkh
3.3.3 Cntc gj Nh`stktunkþ` gjm \rhyjnth (\rhbjnt N
Nacrtjr)
acrtjr)
C. K`fhricnkþ` Oj`jrcm
@hierj
\rhyjnth
gjm Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh Fjnac gj \rjpcrcnkþ`
gj
Ctj`nkþ`
56/<7/5<3<
gj
Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
\ctrhnk`cghr2
Hfknk`c
Oj`jrcm
gj Fjnac
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
gj
Ihgkfkncnkþ`2
Gkrjnnkþ` gj \mc`jcikj`th
\rjpcrcgh phr2
E.
Bjfj gj WK gj mc C\@
Cuthrkzcgh phr2
Ojrj`tj Oj`jrcm
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gjm prhg
prhgunth
unth h sjrvknkh gjm \rhyjnth
Orc` pcrtj gj mcs cntkvkgcgjs quj sj gjscrrhmmc` j` mc k`stktunkþ` sh` shphrtcgcs phr
cgquksknkh`js y nh`trctcnkh`js gj ekj`js h sjrvknkhs, mhs nucmjs vc` c pjriktkr jm nuipmkikj`th
gj mcs fu`nkh`js gj mcs ãrjcs gj mc k`stktunkþ`. Gjsgj jm pu`th gj vkstc gj kipcnth c mc jiprjsc
jstj fcnthr js kiphrtc`tj.
Cntucmij`tj gknah prhnjsh js ic`ucm y prjsj`tc gjfknkj`nkcs quj cfjntc` gkrjntcij`tj cm
gjsjipjóh k`stktunkh`cm. Mc cfjntcnkþ` sj ic`kfkjstc j` mhs tkjiphs gj jbjnunkþ` gj u`c
cgquksknkþ` h nh`trctcnkþ`, csé nhih mhs sherjnhsths quj jsth oj`jrc.
Jm prhyjnth nh`tjipmc jm rjgksjóh gjm prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths jm nucm gjejrã
k`nmukr mhs sueprhnjshs gj Cprhecnkh`js, Njrtkfkncnkþ` \rjsupujstcm, Nhiprc Gkrjntc, Nhiprc
phr \rhnjsh y Fhricmkzcnkþ`.
Fhricmkzcnkþ`. Jm rjgksj
rjgksjóh
óh gjm prhnjs
prhnjshh sj ecscrã jj`` u`c pmctcfhric E\I.
Jm prhgunth gjm \rhyjnth sjrã mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths c
trcvës gj mc nrjcnkþ` gj cpmkncnkh`js sherj u`c pmctcfhric E\I, csé nhih mc nrjcnkþ` gj
k`tjrfcnjs mcs `jnjscrkcs nh` htrhs skstjics. Jstcs cpmkncnkh`js pjriktkrã` c mcs ãrjcs usucrkcs y
mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ` ojstkh`cr jm prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths gj
u`c fhric þptkic cm pjriktkr ijbhrcr mhs
m hs tkjiphs gj ctj`nkþ`.
Jm prhyjnth nh`tjipmc cgjiãs mc cgquksknkþ` gj mhs nhiph`j`tjs `jnjscrkhs gj acrgwcrj y
shftwcrj csé nhih mhs sjrvknkhs `jnjscrkhs pcrc su pujstc j` prhgunnkþ`.
N.
Cmk`jcikj`th gjm \rhyjnth
Hebjtkvhs gj mc Hroc`kzcnkþ`
\rhpþskths gjm \rhyjnth
Hptkikzcr jm ush gj mhs rjnurshs gjm jstcgh Hptkikzcr mhs tkjiphs gj ctj`nkþ` gj mhs
ijgkc`tj mc rcnkh`cmkzcnkþ` gjm ocsth.
rjqujrkikj`ths csé nhih rjgunkr mc csko`cnkþ`
gj ahrcs ahierj j` jm prhnjsh.
\jriktkr cgik`kstrcr jm ocsth j` mc k`stktunkþ` c
trcvës gj k`fhricnkþ` hphrtu`c.
Erk`gcr sjrvknkhs hphrtu`hs y jfknkj`tjs c mc Icxkikzcr jm `òijrh gj rjqujrkikj`ths
Nhiu`kgcg \hrtucrkc.
ctj`gkghs ij`sucmij`tj.
K`nrjij`tcr mc sctksfcnnkþ` gj mhs usucrkhs
rjmcnkh`cghs
c
mc
ctj`nkþ`
gj
sus
rjqujrkikj`ths
Nuipmkr mc jxkoj`nkc gjm 1:% jstcemjnkgh phr Erk`gcr k`fhricnkþ` j` mé`jc sherj mc jbjnunkþ`
jm Ik`kstjrkh gj Jnh`hiéc j` mc Jbjnunkþ` gjm prjsupujsth pcrc pjriktkr gjfk`kr nurshs gj
\rjsupujstcm \rhorcicgc.
G.
cnnkþ` j` ncsh gj gjsvkcnkh`js.
Hebjtkvhs gjm \rhyjnth
Hebjtkvhs gjm \rhyjnth
Nhsth2
Jm prjsupujsth jstkicgh gjm prhyjnth js gj ^/. 7<<,<<< @ujvhs ^hmjs
\mczh2
Jm tkjiph jstkicgh pcrc mc jbjnunkþ` gjm prhyjnth js gj <1 ijsjs nh`tcghs c pcrtkr gj mc fjnac
gj cprhecnkþ` gjm prhyjnth.
Ncmkgcg2
Jm prhyjnth gjejrã nh`skgjrcr mc fkmhshféc E\I.
Jm prhyjnth sj ecscrã j` mc Mjy gj Cgquksknkh`js y Nh`trctcnkh`js gjm Jstcgh.
Jm prhyjnth gjejrã j`icrncrsj gj`trh gj mhs prhnjgkikj`ths y gkrjntkvcs k`tjr`cs gj
cgquksknkh`js y nh`trctcnkh`js gj mc J`tkgcg.
Cmnc`nj
Jm prhyjnth nh`tjipmc jm rjgksjóh y cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj
Ujqujrkikj`ths.
J.
Cmnc`nj y Jxtj`skþ` gjm \rhyjnth
•
\rk`nkpcmjs J`trjocemjs gjm \rhyjnth.
•
Gksjóh gj mc \mctcfhric Wjn`hmþoknc
•
\mctcfhric E\I kipmjij`tcgc
•
•
Ihgjmh gjm Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths
Jstrunturc gj Cpmknctkvhs quj shphrtc` mc cuthictkzcnkþ`
•
\mc` gj Ncpcnktcnkþ`
•
\rhnjsh cuthictkzcgh Cprhecgh
\rk`nkpcmjs Fcsjs gjm \rhyjnth.
•
Fcsj 3 2 Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc \mctcfhric
•
Fcsj 52 Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh
•
Fcsj >2 Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh
•
Fcsj 72 \rujecs
•
Fcsj :2 Ncpcnktcnkþ`
•
Fcsj 62 Kipmjij`tcnkþ`
^tcdjahmgjrs nmcvjs.
•
\rjskgj`nkc
•
Ojrj`nkc Oj`jrcm
•
Ãrjcs gj mc K`stktunkþ`
•
Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
•
Hfknk`c gj Nh`trhm K`tjr`h
Ujstrknnkh`js.
•
Jm prjsupujsth jstkicgh gjm prhyjnth js gj ^/. 7<<,<<< @ujvhs ^hmjs.
•
Jm prhnjsh kipmjij`tcgh gjejrã ph`jrsj j` prhgunnkþ` pcrc jm k`knkh gjm skoukj`tj pjrkhgh
5<33
•
^j gjejrã utkmkzcr mc pmctcfhric E\I gj Hrcnmj.
•
^j gjejrã rjspjtcr mcs gkrjntkvcs y prhnjgkikj`ths gj cgquksknkh`js y nh`trctcnkh`js gj mc
•
j`tkgcg.
Jm gjscrrhmmh gj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` shmh sj rjcmkzcrã nh` pjrsh`cm jxtjr`h.
•
Ncgc ãrjc gjejrã csko`cr c u` rjprjsj`tc`tj c`tj jm jqukph gjm prhyjnth.
•
Mc ecsj gj gcths c utkmkzcr sjrã Hrcnmj 33o.
•
Jm prhyjnth gjejrã nh`skgjrcr su prhpkc k`frcjstrunturc, jm nucm sjrã nhipctkemj nh` mc
k`frcjstrunturc cntucm gj mc k`stktunkþ`.
•
•
Mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gjejrã nrjcr k`tjrfcnjs nh` jm ^kstjic ^KCF gjm IJF.
^j j`nuj`trc gjfk`kgh jm Ujomcij`th gj Hroc`kzcnkþ` y Fu`nkh`js y jm Ic`ucm gj
Hroc`kzcnkþ` y Fu`nkh`js.
Csu`nkh`js
•
Mc Mjy gj Cgquksknkh`js y Nh`trctcnkh`js `h nciekcrc gurc`tj jm pjrkhgh vkoj`tj.
•
Mcs gkrjntkvcs k`tjr`cs gj cgquksknkh`js y nh`trctcnkh`js gj mc j`tkgcg sh` cntucmjs y
vkoj`tjs.
•
Mc pmctcfhric gj ecsj gj gcths sj j`nuj`trc nhipmjtcij`tj hpjrctkvc.
•
^j nuj`tc nh` mc k`frcjstrunturc
k `frcjstrunturc y jqukpcikj`th `jnjscrkh quj rjqukjrc jqukph gj trcecbh.
•
Jm pjrsh`cm rjprjsj`tc`tj gjstk`crã 7 ahrcs c mc sjic`c pcrc erk`gcrmh cm prhyjnth.
Méiktjs gjm prhyjnth
Jm prhyjnth ^K K`nmuyj
•
Jm rjgksjóh y cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths.
Jm prhyjnth @H K`nmuyj
•
Cntucmkzcnkþ` gj prhnjgkikj`ths h gkrjntkvcs gj ctj`nkþ` gj rjqujrkikj`ths
r jqujrkikj`ths
•
Ncpcnktcnkþ` j` Cgquksknkh`js y Nh`trctcnkh`js cm pjrsh`cm
•
Ncroc gj k`fhricnkþ` prjsupujstcm h cgik`kstrctkvc nh` ics gj u` cóh gj c`tkoýjgcg
•
Gjpurcnkþ` gjm nctãmhoh gj ekj`js gj mc j`tkgcg.
•
K`vj`tcrkhs gjm cmicnë`.
F.
Fcnthrjs Nrétknhs gj Ëxkth gjm \rhyjnth
•
Nhiprhiksh gjm pjrsh`cm csko`cgh
•
Cphyh gj mc cmtc gkrjnnkþ`
•
Gksph`kekmkgcg gj tkjiph gjm pjrsh`cm csko`cgh
•
•
Ztkmkzcr mc fkmhshféc E\I
Ztkmkzcr mc ouéc gjm \IEHD
•
Erk`gcr cnnjsh c mc k`fhricnkþ`
k `fhricnkþ` fk`c`nkjrc
•
Mc k`fhricnkþ` gj ncroc k`knkcm cm skstjic gjejrã jstcr gjpurcgc y þptkic.
O.
\mc`jcikj`th K`knkcm gjm \rhyjnth cm cmth `kvjm
Jstkicnkþ` gj rjnurshs rjqujrkghs2
•
Mknj`nkcs gj ^hftwcrj gj E\I Hrcnmj
•
Ghs sjrvkghrjs
•
<3 Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
•
<3 C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
•
<3 C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
•
<5 C`cmkstcs \rhorcicghrjs
<3 C`cmkstc SC
•
<3 Ghnuij`tcghr
•
<3 Ncpcnktcghr
•
<3 Kipmjij`tcghr
•
K`frcjstrunturc y jqukphs `jnjscrkhs
•
Nhsth Jstkicgh gjm \rhyjnth2
•
Jm prjsupujsth jstkicgh gjm prhyjnth js gj ^/. 7<<,<<< @ujvhs ^hmjs
Ej`jfknkhs Jstkicghs2
•
Ctj`gjr 7< rjqujrkikj`ths ij`sucmjs rjspjnth c mhs 5< gjm cóh c`tjrkhr.
•
Icxkikzcr jm phrnj`tcbj gj jbjnunkþ` prjsupujstcm c`ucmij`tj
•
K`nrjij`tcr mc sctksfcnnkþ` gj mcs ãrjcs usucrkcs
Jstkicnkþ` gj Fjnacs c \rhorcicr2
•
Fjnac gj k`knkh2 56 gj Cerkm gj 5<3<
•
Fjnac gj tërik`h2 <? gj Cerkm gj 5<33
A.
Cuthrkgcg gjm \rhyjnth
Cuthrkzcnkþ`
Gkrjnthrc gj mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ` (Muz Ucihs)
Ojrj`tj gjm prhyjnth
@hierj2 K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Nhiktë gj ^joukikj`th (Gkrjnnkþ`)
Njscr Wcmmjgh (Bjfj gj WK)
Hsncr Mu
(Bjfj gj \rjsupujsth)
Buc` ^hmks
(Bjfj gj Nh`tcekmkgcg)
\jrny Whmjgh (Bjfj gj M
Mhoéstknc)
hoéstknc)
Bhsë Ujvkmmc (Bjfj gj Wjshrjréc)
K.
K`tjorc`tjs gjm jqukph gjm prhyjnth, Uhmjs y Ujsph`scekmkgcgj
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjss
3. \chmc Csj`nkhs
(Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth)
5. Ncrmhs @hvhc
(C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs)
>. Uuej` Oþijz
(C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm)
7. Uhsc Nc`géc (C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr)
:. Icrkh Creuru (C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr)
6. Dcrj` Ehnc`jorc (C`cmkstc SC)
B.
Fkrics
@hierj/Fu`nkþ`
Fkric
Fjnac
3.3.5 Omhscrkh gj Wërik`hs
ÃUJC J@NCUOCGC GJ NH@WUCWCNKH@J^2 Jm ãrjc gj Mhoéstknc gj mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`-HOC, js jm ãrjc j`ncrocgc gj mcs nh`trctcnkh`js j` mc C\@ y nh`stktuyj jm
þroc`h rjsph`scemj gj prhorcicr, prjpcrcr, jbjnutcr y supjrvkscr mhs prhnjshs gj nh`trctcnkþ`
acstc su numik`cnkþ`.
ÃUJC Z^ZCUKC2 Js jm ãrjc gj mc C\@ quj rjqukjrj mc nh`trctcnkþ` gj ekj`js y sjrvknkhs y
jmcehrc mhs rjqujrkikj`ths tën`knhs ié`kihs, quj sh` mhs rjqukskths k`gkspj`scemjs quj gjej
rju`kr u`c prhpujstc tën`knc pcrc sjr cgiktkgc. Mhs rjqujrkikj`ths tën`knhs ié`kihs, quj
jmcehrc jm ãrjc usucrkc jstã` nh`stktukghs phr2 c) Wërik`hs gj Ujfjrj`nkc, j` jm ncsh gj sjrvknkhs.
e) Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js Wën`kncs, jj`` jm ncsh gj ekj`js.
NHIKWË J^\JNKCM2 Js jm þroc`h j`ncrocgh gj nh`gunkr mhs prhnjshs gj sjmjnnkþ`, gjsgj mc
jmcehrcnkþ` gj ecsjs, mc hroc`kzcnkþ`, nh`gunnkþ` y jbjnunkþ` gjm prhnjshs gj sjmjnnkþ` acstc su
numik`cnkþ`, jsth js4 acstc nuc`gh sj prhguznc jm nh`sj`tkikj`th gj mc Euj`c \rh, h nuc`gh
qujgj cgik`kstrctkvcij`tj fkrij, h sj nc`njmj jm prhnjsh, gj cnujrgh c mh jstcemjnkgh j` jm
crténumh 57¼ gj mc Mjy.
NHIKWË J^\JNKCM \JUIC@J@WJ2 Js jm þroc`h j`ncrocgh gj nh`gunkr mhs prhnjshs gj
sjmjnnkþ` gjm tkph gj Cgbugkncnkh`js Gkrjntcs h Cgbugkncnkh`js gj Ij`hr Nuc`téc, gj cnujrgh c
mh jstcemjnkgh j` jm crténumh ><¼ gjm Ujomcij`th gj mc Mjy.
JQ\JGKJ@WJ GJ NH@WUCWCNKÞ@2 Js jm jxpjgkj`tj quj nhiprj`gj jm nh`bu`th gj
ghnuij`ths gj thgcs mcs cntucnkh`js rjfjrkgcs c mc ctj`nkþ` gj u` rjqujrkikj`th, gjsgj mc
gjnkskþ` gj cgqukrkr h nh`trctcr (cprhecnkþ` gjm ocsth phr jm `kvjm nhrrjsph`gkj`tj) acstc mc
numik`cnkþ` gjm nh`trcth.
\UHNJ^H GJ ^JMJNNKÞ@2 Js u` prhnjgkikj`th cgik`kstrctkvh jspjnkcm nh`fhricgh phr u`
nh`bu`th gj cnths cgik`kstrctkvhs, gj cgik`kstrcnkþ` h ajnahs cgik`kstrctkvhs, quj tkj`j phr
hebjth mc sjmjnnkþ` gj mc pjrsh`c `cturcm h burégknc nh` mc nucm mc C\@ njmjercrã u` nh`trcth pcrc
mcs nh`trctcnkh`js gj ekj`js y sjrvknkhs h mc jbjnunkþ` gj hercs.
hercs.
Gknac gj`hik`cnkþ` sj cpmknc c thghs mhs tkphs gj prhnjshs gj sjmjnnkþ` nh`skgjrcghs gj`trh gjm
icrnh gj mc mjy gj nh`trctcnkh`js, sjc Mknktcnkþ` \òemknc, Nh`nursh \òemknh, Cgbugkncnkþ`
Gkrjntc \òemknc h ^jmjntkvc h mc Cgbugkncnkþ` gj Ij`hr Nuc`téc.
UJSZJUKIKJ@WH2 Js jm ghnuij`th gj ush k`tjr`h ijgkc`tj jm nucm mcs ãrjcs usucrkcs shmknktc`
mc nh`trctcnkþ` gj nucmqukjr ekj`, sjrvknkh, nh`sumthréc h jbjnunkþ` gj herc. Jm Ujqujrkikj`th
gjej jstcr susnrkth phr jm Gkrjnthr þ Bjfj gj Hfknk`c þ Bjfj gj Z`kgcg, nhih rjsph`scemj gjm
ocsth.
J^\JNKFKNCNKH@J^ WËN@KNC^2 Gjsnrkpnkþ` jmcehrcgc phr jm ãrjc usucrkc, gj mcs
ncrcntjréstkncs fu`gcij`tcmjs gj mhs ekj`js, suik`kstrhs u hercs c nh`trctcr y quj sh` pcrtj
k`tjorc`tj gjm Ujqujrkikj`th.
Gknacs Jspjnkfkncnkh`js Wën`kncs, gjej` nh`skgjrcr, j`trj htrhs, mh skoukj`tj2 c) Mc gjsnrkpnkþ`
gjm ekj` u herc c nh`trctcr, e) \jrfkm gj mc pjrsh`c `cturcm h burégknc c nh`trctcr, n) \mczh (s) gj
j`trjoc.
WËUIK@H^ GJ UJFJUJ@NKC2 Gjsnrkpnkþ` jmcehrcgc phr jm ãrjc usucrkc, gj mcs ncrcntjréstkncs
tën`kncs y gj mcs nh`gknkh`js j` quj sj jbjnutcrã mc prjstcnkþ` gj sjrvknkhs h gj nh`sumthréc, quj
sh` pcrtj k`tjorc`tj gjm Ujqujrkikj`th.
Gknahs Wërik`hs gj Ujfjrj`nkc, gjej` nh`skgjrcr, j`trj htrhs, mh skoukj`tj2 c) Mc gjsnrkpnkþ` gjm
sjrvknkh c nh`trctcr, e) \jrfkm gj mc pjrsh`c `cturcm h burégknc c nh`trctcr, n) \mczh (s) pcrc mc
prjstcnkþ` gjm
gjm sjrvknkh, g) J`trjocemjs y pmczhs pcrc su prjsj`tcnkþ`, j) F
Fhric
hric gj \coh.
VCMHU UJFJUJ@NKCM2 Js jm vcmhr gjtjrik`cgh phr jm ãrjc j`ncrocgc gj nh`trctcnkh`js,
sherj mc ecsj gjm jstugkh gj phskekmkgcgjs gj prjnkhs y nh`gknkh`js quj hfrjnj jm ijrncgh,
jfjntucgh sherj mc ecsj gj mcs Jspjnkfkncnkh`js Wën`kncs þ Wërik`hs gj Ujfjrj`nkc y/h sherj
k`fhricnkþ` (jstrunturc gj nhsths, prjsupujsths gj nhsths, jxpjgkj`tj tën`knh jnh`þiknh)
prhphrnkh`cgc phr
phr jm ãrjc usucrkc
usucrkc,, quj jstã rjfjrkgh cm hebjth
hebjth gj mc nh`trctcn
nh`trctcnkþ`.
kþ`.
Jm vcmhr rjfjrj`nkcm sj ncmnumc k`nmuyj`gh thghs mhs trkeuths, sjourhs, trc`sphrtj, k`spjnnkh`js,
prujecs y gj sjr jm ncsh nhsths mcehrcmjs rjspjntkvhs y nucmqukjr htrh nh`njpth quj mj sjc
cpmkncemj y quj pujgc k`nkgkr sherj jm vcmhr gj mhs ekj`js y sjrvknkhs c nh`trctcr.
Jm vcmhr rjfjrj`nkcm `h phgrã
p hgrã tj`jr u`c c`tkoýjgcg icyhr c mhs sjks (<6) ijsjs nh`tcghs gjsgj mc
fjnac gj nh`vhncthrkc gjm prhnjsh pcrc jm ncsh gj hercs y `h phgrã sjr icyhr c trjs (<>) ijsjs
nh`tcghs c pcrtkr gj mc cprhecnkþ` gjm Jxpjgkj`tj gj Nh`trctcnkþ` j` jm ncsh gj ekj`js y
sjrvknkhs.
^KOC - ^kstjic K`tjorcgh gj Ojstkþ` Cgik`kstrctkvc2 ^kstjic j` jm quj sj rjokstrc` thghs mhs
cnths rjfjrkghs c mc ctj`nkþ` gj mhs rjqujrkikj`ths gj ekj`js y sjrvknkhs gj mcs ãrjcs usucrkcs.
3.5 Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
3.5.3 \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
5? gj cerkm gj 5<3<
Gjsnrkekr nþih sjrã cgik`kstrcgh jm cmnc`nj gjm \rhyjnth2
Jm cmnc`nj sjrã vjrkfkncgh pjric`j`tjij`tj phr jm nhiktë gj sjoukikj`th y jm ojrj`tj gj
prhyjnth. Jsth sj rjcmkzcrã c ijgkgc quj sj hetj`oc` mhs j`trjocemjs y sj rjcmknj mc vjrkfkncnkþ`
gj cnjptcnkþ` gjm iksih.
Ncgc j`trjocemj sjrã nhtjbcgh nh` jm Gknnkh`crkh gj Gjsomhsj gj Wrcecbh y mujoh ghnuij`tcgh
sh nh`fhrikgcg ijgkc`tj u` cntc.
Jvcmucr mc jstcekmkgcg gjm cmnc`nj gjm prhyjnth (nþih ic`jbcr mhs nciekhs, mc frjnuj`nkc j
kipcnth gj mhs iksihs)2
^j rjcmkzcrã rju`kh`js u`c vjz c mc sjic`c pcrc jm nh`trhm gjm cmnc`nj gjm prhyjnth quj sjrã
rjcmkzcgh phr jm Ojrj`tj gjm prhyjnth y jm nhiktë gj sjoukikj`th.
Mcs shmknktugjs gj nciekh gjm cmnc`nj sh` oj`jrcgcs phr jm c`cmkstc fu`nkh`cm gjm prhyjnth j`
nh`sj`sh nh` jm nhiktë gj sjoukikj`th.
Mcs shmknktugjs gj nciekh gjm cmnc`nj sh` rjvkscgcs phr jm Ojrj`tj gjm \rhyjnth y jm nhiktë gj
sjoukikj`th.
Mcs shmknktugjs gj nciekh gjm cmnc`nj sh` cprhecgcs phr jm Ojrj`tj gjm prhyjnth y jm nhiktë gj
sjoukikj`th.
¸Nþih mhs nciekhs cm cmnc`nj, sjrã` kgj`tkfkncghs y nmcskfkncghs8
Mhs nciekhs gjm cmnc`nj sjrã kgj`tkfkncghs2
\hr jm c`ãmksks gj mhs rjqujrkikj`ths y phskemjs nciekhs j` mhs prhnjgkikj`ths. Jsth mh rjcmkzcrc
jm c`cmkstc gj prhnjsh.
Jm buknkh gj jxpjrths nhrrjsph`gkj`tj cm c`cmkstc gj prhnjsh, c`cmkstc fu`nkh`cm h jm nhiktë gj
sjoukikj`th.
Mhs nciekhs gjm cmnc`nj sjrã nmcskfkncghs phr ijgkh gj su kipcnth2
Cmth2 Nuc`gh jm nciekh gjm cmnc`nj gjm prhyjnth k`nrjij`tc jm nhsth j` u` 3<%
Ijgkc`h2 Nuc`gh jm nciekh gjm cmnc`nj gjm prhyjnth k`nrjij`tc jm nhsth j` u` <:%
Ecbh2 Nuc`gh jm nciekh gjm cmnc`nj gjm prhyjnth k`nrjij`tc jm nhsth j` u` <5%
Gjsnrkekr nþih mhs nciekhs gjm cmnc`nj sjrã` k`tjorcghs cm prhyjnth2
Ijgkc`tj u` fhricth gj nciekh gj cmnc`nj gjekgcij`tj cprhecgh phr jm nhiktë gj sjoukikj`th
y jm ojrj`tj gj prhyjnth.
Ujvkscr y cprhecr thgcs mcs shmknktugjs gj nciekh gjm prhyjnth.
Ic`tj`jr mc k`tjorkgcg gj mc mé`jc ecsj gjm prhyjnth.
Acnjr k`fhrijs gj mhs nciekhs shmknktcghs.
3.5.5 J`u`nkcgh gjm Cmnc`nj
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
51 gj cerkm gj 5<3<
Bustkfkncnkþ` gjm \rhyjnth2 Orc` pc
pcrtj
rtj gj mcs cntkvkgc
cntkvkgcgjs
gjs qu
qujj sj gjscrrhmmc` j` mc k`stktunkþ` sh`
shphrtcgcs phr cgquksknkh`js y nh`trctcnkh`js gj ekj`js h sjrvknkhs,
mhs nucmjs vc` c pjriktkr jm nuipmkikj`th gj mcs fu`nkh`js gj mcs
ãrjcs gj mc k`stktunkþ`. Gjsgj jm pu`th gj vkstc gj kipcnth c mc
jiprjsc jstj fcnthr js kiphrtc`tj.
Cntucmij`tj gknah prhnjsh js ic`ucm y prjsj`tc gjfknkj`nkcs quj
cfjntc` gkrjntcij`tj cm gjsjipjóh k`stktunkh`cm. Mc cfjntcnkþ` sj
ic`kfkjstc j` mhs tkjiphs gj jbjnunkþ` gj u`c cgquksknkþ` h
nh`trctcnkþ`, csé nhih mhs sherjnhsths quj jsth oj`jrc.
Jm prhyjnth nh`tjipmc jm rjgksjóh gjm prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj
Ujqujrkikj`ths jm nucm gjejrã k`nmukr mhs sueprhnjshs gj
Cprhecnkh`js, Njrtkfkncnkþ` \rjsupujstcm, Nhiprc Gkrjntc, Nhiprc
phr \rhnjsh y Fhricmkzcnkþ`. Jm rjgksjóh gjm prhnjsh sj ecscrã j`
u`c pmctcfhric E\I.
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gjm prhgunth2
Jm prhgunth gjm \rhyjnth sj
sjrã
rã mc cuthictkzcnkþ` ggjm
jm prhnjsh gj
Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths c trcvës gj mc nrjcnkþ` gj cpmkncnkh`js
sherj u`c pmctcfhric E\I, csé nhih mc nrjcnkþ` gj k`tjrfcnjs mcs
`jnjscrkcs nh` htrhs skstjics. Jstcs cpmkncnkh`js pjriktkrã` c mcs
ãrjcs usucrkcs y mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ` ojstkh`cr jm
prhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths gj u`c fhric þptkic cm
pjriktkr ijbhrcr mhs tkjiphs gj ctj`nkþ`
J`trjocemjs gjm \rhyjnth2
Nh`trcth
gj Nh`tj`grã jm nh`trcth nh` jm prhvjjghr sjmjnnkh`cgh pcrc mc
Kipmjij`tcnkþ`
gj kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric E\I
\mctcfhric
Nh`trcth
gj Nh`tj`grã jm nh`trcth nh` jm prhvjjghr sjmjnnkh`cgh pcrc jm
Ic`tj`kikj`th
ic`tj`kikj`th phst kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric E\I
E\I K`stcmcgh
Jstj j`trjocemj gj erk`gcr mc pmctcfhric E\I nhipmjtcij`tj
hpjrctkvc.
Jstã`gcrjs
gj Ghnuij`th quj jstc`gcrkzc mcs `hij`nmcturcs, ghnuij`tcnkþ` y
Cuthictkzcnkþ`
prhnjgkikj`ths pcrc
pcrc mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gj
gjmm prhnjsh.
Ihgjmh gj Ujqukskths
Nh`tj`grã jm gjtcmmj gj mhs rjqujrkikj`ths gjm prhnjsh pcrc su
cuthictkzcnkþ`.
Nhiph`j`tjs
gj \rhorcics fuj`tjs, gksjóhs, phrtcmjs h nucmqukjr jmjij`th pcrtj gjm
Ujqujrkikj`ths
shftwcrj gj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm iþgumh gj rjqujrkikj`ths.
Nhiprc \rhorcics fuj`tjs, gksjóhs, phrtcmjs h nucmqukjr jmjij`th pcrtj gjm
Nhiph`j`tjs
Gkrjntc
shftwcrj gj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm iþgumh gj Nhiprc Gkrjntc.
Nhiph`j`tjs \rhnjsh gj \rhorcics fuj`tjs, gksjóhs, phrtcmjs h nucmqukjr jmjij`th pcrtj gjm
^jmjnnkþ`
Ncshs
shftwcrj gj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm iþgumh gj \rhnjsh gj ^jmjnnkþ`.
gj
\rujec Jstj j`trjocemj pjriktkrã ocrc`tkzcr quj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` ac skgh
Fu`nkh`cmjs Cprhecghs
Ncshs
gj
\rujec
K`tjorcnkþ` Cprhecghs
\mc`
gj
prhecgc jfjntkvcij`tj
jfjntkvcij`tj fu`nkh`cmij`tj
fu`nkh`cmij`tj..
gj Jstj j`trjocemj pjriktkrã ocrc`tkzcr quj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` ac skgh
prhecgc jfjntkvcij`tj
jfjntkvcij`tj k`tjorcgc nh` mhs gjiãs skstjics.
skstjics.
Ncpcnktcnkþ` Jstj j`trjocemj nh`tkj`j jm nrh`horcic y jstrctjokcs gj ncpcnktcnkþ`
Cprhecgh
sherj mc pcrc cuthictkzcgc gjm prhnjsh.
Ic`ucm Wën`knh
Ghnuij`th tën`knh
Ic`ucm gj Zsucrkh
Ghnuij`th fu`nkh`cm.
Ihgjmh gj Gjspmkjouj Ihgjmh quj gjsnrkej mc fhric gj kipmjij`tcnkþ` tën`knc y
Cprhecgh
gkstrkeunkþ` gj nhiph`j`tjs gj`trh gj mc k`frcjstrunturc
tjn`hmþoknc.
Cntc gj \csj c \rhgunnkþ` Ghnuij`th quj ocrc`tkzc quj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` ac k`knkcgh su
fu`nkh`cikj`th rjcm.
Hebjtkvhs gjm \rhyjnth2
K`gkncr mhs nrktjrkhs nuc`tktctkvhs quj gjej` sjr nh`skgjrcghs pcrc
quj jm prhyjnth sjc jxkthsh.
Hebjtkvhs gj Nhsth
^/. 7<<,<<<
Hebjtkvhs gj Nrh`horcic
•
Fcsj 3 2 Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc \mctcfhric (33 gécs)
•
Fcsj 52 Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh (3< gécs)
•
Fcsj >2 Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh (: ijsjs y ijgkh)
(fjnacs
gj
k`knkh
y
tërik`h)
•
Ncmkgcg
(nrktjrkhs
Fcsj 72 \rujecs (3 ijs)
•
Fcsj :2 Ncpcnktcnkþ` (; gécs)
•
Fcsj 62 Kipmjij`tcnkþ` (; gécs)
quj Jm prhyjnth gjejrã nh`skgjrcr mc fkmhshféc E\I.
gjtjrik`crã` cnjptcnkþ`)
Jm prhyjnth sj ecscrã j` mc Mjy gj Cgquksknkh`js y Nh`trctcnkh`js
gjm Jstcgh.
Jm prhyjnth gjejrã j`icrncrsj gj`trh gj mhs prhnjgkikj`ths y
gkrjntkvcs k`tjr`cs gj cgquksknkh`js y nh`trctcnkh`js gj mc J`tkgcg.
3.5.> Jstrunturc gjm Gjsomhsj gjm trcecbh _E^
Gknnkh`crkh gj JGW (_E^)
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
Fjnac2
51 gj cerkm 5<3<
Vjrskþ`2
V. 3.<
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.3
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Cntc gj Nh`s
Nh`stktunkþ`
tktunkþ` gj \rhyjnth
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã prjpcrcr jm Cntc gj Nh`stktunkþ` gjm \rhyjnth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Bjfj gj WK gjm C\@
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 56/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.5
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Omhscrkh gj Wërik`h
Wërik`hss
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã prjpcrcr jm Omhscrkh gj Wërik`hs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Bjfj gj WK gjm C\@
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj Cmnc`nj
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã prjpcrcr jm \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.7
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj Cmnc`nj
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã prjpcrcr jm \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.:
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
J`u`nkcgh ggjm
jm \rhyjnth
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr J`u`nkcgh gjm \rhyjnth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 51/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 51/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.6
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
JGW
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr JGW gjm prhyjnth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 51/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
gj 51/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.?
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Nrh`horcic gj
gjmm \rhyjnth
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm nrh`horcic gjm prhyjnth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.1
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Ujqukskths gj rj
rjnurshs
nurshs gj mcs ccntkvkgcgjs
ntkvkgcgjs
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr mhs rjqukskths gj rjnurshs gj mcs cntkvkgcgjs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.;
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
gj ></<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj ></<7/5<3<
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.3<
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr mc Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths.
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj <>/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj <>/<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.33
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr mc Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
gj <7/<:/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj <7/<:/5<3<
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.35
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj Ncmkgcg
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.3>
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
@hrics gj Nc
Ncmkgcg
mkgcg @jnjscrkcs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mcs `hrics gj ncmkgcg `jnjscrkcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.37
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\rjpcrcr Mkstc gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mc mkstc gj nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.3:
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Cnnkh`js nnhrrjntkvcs
hrrjntkvcs y prjvj`
prjvj`tkvcs
tkvcs
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mcs cnnkh`js nhrrjntkvcs y prjvj`tkvcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.36
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj mhs Ukjsoh
Ukjsohss
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ukjsohs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
gj ></<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj ></<7/5<3<
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.3?
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
C`ãmksks FHGC ggjj mhs rkjsohs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm c`ãmksks FHGC gj mhs rkjsohs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj ></<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj ></<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.31
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Ujokstrh gj mhs rkjsohs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm ghnuij`th gj mhs rjokstrhs gj mhs rkjsohs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
gj <7/<:/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj <7/<:/5<3<
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.3;
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Ictrkz gj \rhecekmkgcg KKipcnth
ipcnth gj mhs rkjsohs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm ghnuij`th gj mhs rjokstrhs gj mhs rkjsohs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj <:/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj <:/<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.5<
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Hroc`korcic gj
gjmm Jqukph gj \rhyjn
\rhyjnth
th
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm Hroc`korcic gjm Jqukph gj \rhyjnth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
gj 5?/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.53
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Ictrkz gj Csko`cn
Csko`cnkþ`
kþ` gj Cntkvkgcgjs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr mc Ictrkz gj Csko`cnkþ` gj Cntkvkgcgjs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 51/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.55
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj Uhmjs y Ncrohs
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 51/<7/5<3<
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mc gjsnrkpnkþ` gj Uhmjs y Ncrohs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 5;/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.5>
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Gkrjnthrkh gjm Jqukp
Jqukphh gj \rhyjnth
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` jm gkrjnthrkh gjm Jqukph gj \rhyjnth
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
gj ></<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj ></<7/5<3<
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.57
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj mcs Nhiu`knc
Nhiu`kncnkh`js
nkh`js
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm pmc` gj ojstkþ` gj mcs nhiu`kncnkh`js
nhiu`kncnkh`js
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj <>/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj <>/<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.5:
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
\mc` gj Ojs
Ojstkþ`
tkþ` gj mcs Cgquksknkh`j
Cgquksknkh`jss
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm pmc` gj ojstkþ` gj mcs cgquksknkh`js
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
gj <>/<:/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj <>/<:/5<3<
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.56
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
J`u`nkcgh ggjm
jm trcecbh
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr jm j`u`nkcgh gjm trcecbh
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj <7/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj <7/<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.5?
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Cnnkh`js nnhrrjntkvcs
hrrjntkvcs rjnhij`gc
rjnhij`gcgcs
gcs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mcs cnnkh`js nhrrjntkvcs rjnhij`gcgcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
gj 56/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.51
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Cnnkh`js pprjvj`tkvcs
rjvj`tkvcs rjnhij`g
rjnhij`gcgcs
cgcs
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mcs cnnkh`js prjvj`tkvcs rjnhij`gcgcs
rjnhij`gcgcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj 56/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.5;
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Mjnnkh`js ccprj`gkgcs
prj`gkgcs
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` mcs mjnnkh`js cprj`gkgcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
Fjnac
gj <?/<7/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
gj <?/<7/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.><
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Cntc gj Cnj
Cnjptcnkþ`
ptcnkþ`
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
\rjpcrcr Cntc gj Cnjptcnkþ`
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
Gurcnkþ`
3 géc
jstkicgc2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 56/<7/5<3<
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>3
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Nh`trcth gj Kipmjij
Kipmjij`tcnkþ`
`tcnkþ` gj \mctcfh
\mctcfhric
ric
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã fhriumcr jm nh`trcth gj gjfk`c mc kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric tjn`hmþoknc gj mc shmunkþ`.
Jm nh`trcth gjej fhricmkzcrsj nh` mcs pcrtjs k`tjrjscgcs oj`jrc`gh
u` ghnuij`th gj nh`trcth fk`cm y fkricgh.
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
: gécs
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
gj <>/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
Fjnac
gj <?/<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Jm nh`trcth gjej sjr cprhecgh phr jm ãrjc Mjocm
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>5
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Nh`trcth gj Ic`
Ic`tj`kikj`th
tj`kikj`th
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã fhriumcr jm nh`trcth gj gjfk`c jm ic`tj`kikj`th k`tjorcm
gj mc pmctcfhric tjn`hmþoknc gj mc
m c shmunkþ`.
Jm nh`trcth gjej fhricmkzcrsj nh` mcs pcrtjs k`tjrjscgcs oj`jrc`gh
u` ghnuij`th gj nh`trcth fk`cm y fkricgh.
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
6 gécs
Fjnac
gj <>/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
gj 3</<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Jm nh`trcth gjej sjr cprhecgh phr jm ãrjc Mjocm
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>>
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
E\I k`stcmcgh
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã k`stcmcr mc pmctcfhric hpjrctkvc, mc pmctcfhric gj E\I y
fk`cmij`tj rjcmkzcr mcs prujecs nhrrjsph`gkj`tjs.
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
Ujsph`scemj
Ujsph`scemj gj Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric
6 gécs
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
gj 3</<:/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
Ztkmkzcr mcs ijbhrjs prcntkncs gj E\I
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
gj 3?/<:/5<3<
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>7
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Ujgksjóh gj
gjmm \rhnjsh
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã gjscrrhmmcr jm gkcorcic gjm prhnjsh rjgksjócgh.
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
Gurcnkþ`
3< gécs
Fjnac
gj <?/<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
gj 5</<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
Ztkmkzcr mcs ijbhrjs prcntkncs gj E\I
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
Gkcorcic gjm \rhnjsh Wjrik`cgh
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>:
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Jstã`gcrjs gj Cuthictkzcnkþ`
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
^j gjejrã jmcehrcr y cprhecr mhs jstã`gcrjs
jstã`gcrjs,, `hij`nmcturcs y
nh`vj`nkh`js sherj mc cuthictkzcnkþ` gj prhnjshs pcrc jm
prhyjnth.
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
7 gécs
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
gj 5</<:/5<3<
K`knkh2
Fjnac
gj 5:/<:/5<3<
Wërik`h
^j gjejrã` ecscrsj j` mcs phmétkncs jstcemjnkgcs phr mc
hroc`kzcnkþ`.
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>6
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Ihgjmh gj Uj
Ujqukskths
qukskths
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
Nh`skstj j`2
Kgj`tkfkncr y gjscrrhmmcr mhs Ncshs gj Zsh
Gkcorcicr pcqujtjs gj mhs Ncshs gj Zsh
Oj`jrcr nh`fhrikgcg gjm ihgjmh gj Ncshs gj Zsh
Gjfk`kr J`tkgcgjs pcrc mc Ecsj gj Gcths
Gjfk`kr Ujmcnkh`js gj Ecsjs gj Gcths
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
5? gécs
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
K`knkh2
Cpmkncr ijthghmhoéc UZ\
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
gj 53/<:/5<3<
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj 51/<6/5<3<
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>?
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Nhiph`j`tjs ggjj Ujqujrkikj`ths
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
Nh`skstj j`2
Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm @johnkh
Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c Gcths
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
76 gécs
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
gj 5;/<6/5<3<
K`knkh2
Cpmkncr ijthghmhoéc UZ\
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>1
@hierj gj j`trjocemj(s)2
j`trjocemj(s)2
Nhiph`j`tjs Nh
Nhiprc
iprc Gkrjntc
Cmnc`nj gjm Wrcecbh2
Nh`skstj j`2
Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm @johnkh
Fjnac
Wërik`h
gj <6/<;/5<3<
Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c Gcths
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
Ujsph`scemj22
Ujsph`scemj
Gurcnkþ`
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
7: gécs
Fjnac
gj <?/<;/5<3<
K`knkh2
jstkicgc2
Ujqukskths gj ncmkgcg2
Fjnac
gj 3</33/5<3<
Wërik`h
Cpmkncr ijthghmhoéc UZ\
Htrcs rjfjrj`nkcs2
Akths gjm nrh`horcic2
GKNNKH@CUKH GJ JGW (_E^)
Nuj`tc gj nh`trhm2
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm J`trjocemj2 J.>;
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5;/<6/5<3<
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Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
@johnkh
5
3<<%
3>/<1/5<3<
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Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
Gcths
5
3<<%
5:/<1/5<3<
5?/<1/5<3<
> gécs
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
5
3<<%
>3/<1/5<3<
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: gécs
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
5
3<<%
<?/<;/5<3<
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>< gécs
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
@johnkh
5
3<<%
5</3</5<3<
51/3</5<3<
? gécs
Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
5
3<<%
5;/3</5<3<
<>/33/5<3<
> gécs
pmctcfhric
Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh
Jstã`gcrjs
Cuthictkzcnkþ`
Ihgjmh gj Ujqukskths
Nhiph`j`tjs
Ujqujrkikj`ths
gj Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
Nhiph`j`tjs Nhiprc Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
Gkrjntc
Gcths
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
5
3<<%
<7/33/5<3<
3</33/5<3<
: gécs
Nhiph`j`tjs \rhnjsh Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
gj ^jmjnnkþ`
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
5
3<<%
33/33/5<3<
<>/<3/5<33
>: gécs
5
3<<%
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<?/<3/5<33
7 gécs
Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
Gcths
5
3<<%
3</<3/5<33
35/<3/5<33
> gécs
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
5
3<<%
3>/<3/5<33
3;/<3/5<33
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\rujec Kgj`tkfkncr y gjscrrhmmcr C`cmkstc SC
Ncshs gj \rujec
3
3<<%
5</<3/5<33
57/<3/5<33
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Nhrrjr mhs ncshs gj C`cmkstc SC
\rujec pcrc jm \rhnjsh
gj Ujqujrkikj`th
3
3<<%
5:/<3/5<33
Nhrrjr
Ncshs
gj C`cmkstc SC
\rujec pcrc Nhiprc
Gkrjntc
3
3<<%
51/<3/5<33
<3/<5/5<33
> géc
Nhrrjr
Ncshs
gj C`cmkstc SC
\rujec pcrc jm \rhnjsh
gj ^jmjnnkþ`
3
3<<%
<5/<5/5<33
<7/<5/5<33
> gécs
Ojstkh`cr najndmkst gj C`cmkstc SC
ncshs cprhecghs
3
3<<%
<?/<5/5<33
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Oj`jrcr mc nhrrjnnkþ` C`cmkstc SC
gj ncshs nh` jrrhr
3
3<<%
<;/<5/5<33
37/<5/5<33
7 gécs
Ncshs gj \rujec gj Kgj`tkfkncr y gjscrrhmmcr C`cmkstc SC
K`tjorcnkþ` cprhecghs Ncshs gj \rujec
3
3<<%
3:/<5/5<33
31/<5/5<33
7 gécs
\rhecr k`tjrfcnjs nh` C`cmkstc SC
JU\
3
3<<%
53/<5/5<33
5>/<5/5<33
> gécs
Oj`jrcr mc nhrrjnnkþ` C`cmkstc SC
gj ncshs nh` jrrhr
3
3<<%
57/<5/5<33
<3/<>/5<33
7 gécs
gj Vjrkfkncr
jm C`cmkstc SC
nuipmkikj`th gj mhs
rjqukskths gj ncmkgcg
3
3<<%
<5/<>/5<33
33/<>/5<33
1 gécs
Ncpcnktcghr
3
3<<%
37/<>/5<33
37/<>/5<33
3 géc
Ncpcnktcghr
3
3<<%
3:/<>/5<33
3?/<>/5<33
> gécs
Nhhrgk`cr nc`tkgcg gj Ncpcnktcghr
3
3<<%
31/<>/5<33
53/<>/5<33
5 gécs
@johnkh
Ncshs gj
Fu`nkh`cmjs
Cprhecghs
Csjourcikj`th
Ncmkgcg Cprhecgh
Wcmmjr gj Ncpcnktcnkþ` Gjfk`kr tjics
\rjpcrcr gkcphsktkvcs
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
> gécs
5?/<3/5<33
usucrkhs c ncpcnktcr
Nhhrgk`cr ahrcrkhs
Ic`ucm Wën`knh
Ncpcnktcghr
3
3<<%
55/<>/5<33
5>/<>/5<33
5 gécs
Gjfk`kr nc`tkgcg gj Ncpcnktcghr
sjskh`js y tjics phr
sjskþ`
3
3<<%
57/<>/5<33
57/<>/5<33
3 géc
gj 3
gj mc
3
3<<%
31/<>/5<33
57/<>/5<33
: gécs
\rjpcrcr
Wën`knh
Ic`ucm Ujsph`scemj
kipmjij`tcnkþ`
pmctcfhric
5<%
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
Ic`ucm gj Zsucrkh
\rjpcrcr Ic
Ic`ucm
`ucm ggjj C`cmkstc gj Fu`nkh`cm
3
3<<%
31/<>/5<33
57/<>/5<33
: gécs
3
3<<%
5:/<>/5<33
5;/<>/5<33
> gécs
7<%
></<>/5<33
>3/<>/5<33
5 gécs
Jbjnutcr k`stcmcghrjs y C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs 3
snrkpt gj EG
Ujsph`scemj
gj
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3<<%
<3/<7/5<33
<7/<7/5<33
5 gécs
Jbjnutcr snrkpt gj C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs 3
ikorcnkþ` gj gcths
Ujsph`scemj
gj
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3<<%
<:/<7/5<33
<6/<7/5<33
5 gécs
Zsucrkh
Ihgjmh gj Gjspmkjouj \rjpcrcr Ihgjmh
Cprhecgh
Gjspmkjouj
Cntc gj \csj
\rhgunnkþ`
gj C`cmkstc gj Fu`nkh`cm
c \rjpcrcr k`stcmcghrjs y C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs 3
snrkpt gj EG
Ujsph`scemj
gj
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3.7 Ojstkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
3.7.3 \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Nhsth
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
3< gj icyh 5<3<
\jrsh`c(s) cuthrkzcgc(s)
cuthrkzcgc(s) c sshmknktcr
hmknktcr nciekhs j` jm nhsth2
@hierj
Ncroh
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Zekncnkþ`
\jrsh`c(s) quj cprujec(`) rjqujrkikj`ths gj nnciekhs
ciekhs j` nhs
nhsths2
ths2
@hierj
Ncroh
Zekncnkþ`
Muz Ucihs
Ojrj`tj gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
Jusjekh Vjoc
Ojrj`tj gj \mc`jcikj`th
Uczh`js cnjptcemjs pcrc nciekhs j` jm Nhsth gjm \rhyjnth (phr jbjipmh2 Cprhecnkþ` gj
nciekhs j` jm cmnc`nj, k`nrjij`th gj nhsths j` mhs
m hs ictjrkcmjs, jtn.)2
Nciekhs j` jm cmnc`nj phr nciekhs gj mjyjs j` jm ssjnthr
jnthr ohekjr`h
@jnjskgcg gj cgqukrkr acrgwcrj cg
cgknkh`cm
knkh`cm
\hskemj k`nrjij`th j` jm mknj`nkcikj`th
mk nj`nkcikj`th phr nc`tkgcg gj usucrkhs cgknkh`cmjs
Gjsnrkekr nhih ncmnumcr
ncmnumcr j k`fhricr jm kipcnth j` jjmm prhyjnth phr jjmm nciekh j` jm nhsth(
tkjiph, ncmkgcg, jtn.)2
^j gjej jvktcr quj mcs cmtjrcnkh`js gj nhsth cfjntj` cm nrh`horcic gjm prhyjnth.
^j gjej k`fhricr y ghnuij`tcr quj cspjnths gjm cmnc`nj quj jstã` skj`gh cfjntcghs
gkrjntcij`tj phr mc vcrkcnkþ` gjm nhsth.
@h sj cnjptcrã`
cnjptcrã` vcrkcnkh`js iãs cmmã gj mc rjsjrvc gj
gj nh`tk`oj`nkc.
nh`tk`oj`nkc.
J` ncsh rjnhrtj prjsupujstcm gjm prjsupujsth sj gjejrã jmcehrcr u` k`fhrij sherj jm kipcnth y
gksik`unkþ` j` jm cmnc`nj.
Gjsnrkekr nhih sjrã` cgik`kstrcghs mhs nciekhs j` jm nhsth2
Mc ojrj`tj gjm prhyjnth rjvkscrã mc shmknktug gj nciekhs j` jm nhsth y acrã u`c jv
jvcmucnkþ`
cmucnkþ` gjm
iksih, gknah k`fhrij sjrã prjsj`tcgh c mhs pctrhnk`cghrjs.
Jm nciekh sjrã cprhecgh ò`kncij`tj phr mhs pctrhnk`cghrjs (Hfknk`c gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ` y mc
Gkrjnnkþ` gj \mc`jcikj`th). ^k jm nciekh js cnjptcgh sj cntucmkzcrã` thghs mhs j`trjocemjs
cfjntcghs.
Mhs nciekhs j` jm nhsth sjrã` k`fhricghs c mhs stcdjahmgjrs nmcvj2 \rjskgj`nkc y Ojrj`nkc
Oj`jrcm
Mc ojrj`tj gjm prhyjnth jfjntucrã u`c cntucmkzcnkþ` gjm cmnc`nj j` ecsj
e csj cm `ujvh nhsth.
3.7.5 Mkstc gj Vjrkfkncnkþ` gj Jstkicnkþ` gj Nhsths
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
3< gj icyh 5<3<
Csjourcrsj quj thghs
thghs mhs rjnurshs `jnj
`jnjscrkhs
scrkhs sjc` thicghs j` nh
nh`skgjrcnkþ`2
`skgjrcnkþ`2
Cgik`kstrcnkþ` gjm \rhyjnth
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth 2 ^/.
^/ . 1,<<< Ij`sucmjs
\jrsh`cm
•
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs 2 ^/. 6,<<< Ij`sucmjs
C`cmkstc gj Fu`nkh`cm 2 ^/.
^/ . 6,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3 2 ^/. 7,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 52 ^/. 7,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
C`cmkstc gj SC 2 ^/. 7,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
Ghnuij`tcghr 2 ^/. 7,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
Ncpcnktcghr2 ^/. 7,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
Kipmjij`tcghr2 ^/. :,<<< Ij`sucmjs
•
Ictjrkcmjs
Ghs sjrvkghrjs 2 ^/. 35<,<<<
<; mcpthps (Cmqukmjr)2 ^/. 5,?<< Ij`sucmjs
Mknj`nkcs pmctcfhric E\I2 ^/. 5:<,<<<
Òtkmjs gj Hfknk`c2 ^/. :<< Ij`sucmjs
\rhvjjghrjs
Mhs jqukphs sjrvkghrjs c cgqukrkr k`nmuyj` jm sjrvknkh gj k`stcmcnkþ` y pujstc j` icrnac phr
pcrtj gjm prhvjjghr.
prhvjjghr.
Vkcbjs
Jm prhyjnth `h rjqukjrj u`c csko`cnkþ` j` jstj ruerh
\cohs c nh`sumthrjs y htrhs sjrvknkhs prhfjskh`cmjs
Jm prhyjnth `h rjqukjrj u`c csko`cnkþ` j` jstj ruerh
Gkvjrshs (trcsmcghs, nhpkcs, ij`scbjrécs, jtn.)
Jm prhyjnth `h rjqukjrj u`c csko`cnkþ` j` jstj ruerh
\mc` gj nh`tk`oj`nkc
^j ac nh`skgjrcgh nhih rjsjrvc gj nh`tk`oj`nkc jm 5:% gjm nhsth thtcm gjm prhyjnth.
K`fmcnkþ`
Jm prhyjnth `h rjqukjrj u`c csko`cnkþ` j` jstj ruerh
3.7.> Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
Fcsj
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Fjnac
5;/<7/5<3<
J`trjocemj
Cntkvkgcg
Ujnursh
Nhsth phr Nc`tkgcg @rh
gkc
Cntc gj
\rhyjnth
Nh`stktunkþ`
gjm \rjpcrcr Cntc gj Nh`stktunkþ` gjm \rhyjnth
Nhsth Whtcm
Gécs
Bjfj gj WK gjm C\@
7<<.<<
3
:
5,<<<.<<
7<<.<<
3
5
1<<.<<
Omhscrkh gj Wërik`hs
\rjpcrcr Omhscrkh gj Wërik`hs
Bjfj gj WK gjm C\@
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
\rjpcrcr \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
566.6? 3
:
3,>>>.>:
J`u`nkcgh gjm \rhyjnth
\rjpcrcr J`u`nkcgh gjm \rhyjnth
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
566.6? 3
5
:>>.>7
JGW
\rjpcrcr JGW
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
566.6? 3
35
Nrh`horcic gjm \rhyjnth
\rjpcrcr Nrh`horcic gjm \rhyjnth
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
7
1<<.<<
Ujqukskths gj Ujnurshs gj mcs \rjpcrcr Ujqukskths gj Ujnurshs gj mcs C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
cntkvkgcgjs
cntkvkgcgjs
5<<.<< 3
1
3,6<<.<<
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
\rjpcrc \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Nhsth
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
5
7<<.<<
Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
\rjpcrcr Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
>
6<<.<<
Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
\rjpcrcr Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
:
3,<<<.<<
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg
\rjpcrcr \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
566.6? 3
>
1<<.<3
@hrics gj Ncmkgcg @jnjscrkcs \rjpcrcr @hrics gj Ncmkgcg @jnjscrkcs
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
>
6<<.<<
Mkstc gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
7
1<<.<<
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ukjsohs \rjpcrcr \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ukjsohs
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
:
3,<<<.<<
C`ãmksks FHGC gj mhs rkjsohs
\rjpcrcr C`ãmksks FHGC gj mhs rkjsohs
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
5
7<<.<<
Ujokstrh gj Ukjsohs
\rjpcrcr Ujokstrh gj Ukjsohs
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
>
6<<.<<
gj \rjpcrcr Ictrkz gj \rhecekmkgcg gj Kipcnth C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
gj mhs Ukjsohs
5<<.<< 3
5
7<<.<<
Hroc`korcic gjm Jqukph gjm \rjpcrcr Hroc`korcic gjm Jqukph gjm C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
3
5<<.<<
5<<.<< 3
5
7<<.<<
Ictrkz gj \rhecekmkgcg
Kipcnth gj mhs Ukjsohs
\rhyjnth
Ictrkz
\rjpcrcr Mkstc gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg
>,5<<.<7
\rhyjnth
gj
Csko`cnkþ`
gj \rjpcrcr
Ictrkz
gj
Csko`cnkþ`
gj C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj Uhmjs y Ncrohs \rjpcrcr Ghnuij`ths nh` mc Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Uhmjs y Ncrohs
5<<.<< 3
>
6<<.<<
Gkrjnthrkh
\rhyjnth
gj \rjpcrcr ghnuij`th nh` jm gkrjnthrkh gjm C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Jqukph gj \rhyjnth
5<<.<< 3
3
5<<.<<
mcs \rjpcrcr \mc`
Nhiu`kncnkh`js
gj
Ojstkþ`
gj
mcs Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
566.6? 3
>
1<<.<3
\mc` gj mc Ojstkþ` gj mcs \rjpcrcr \mc`
Cgquksknkh`js
Cgquksknkh`js
gj
Ojstkþ`
gj
mcs Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
566.6? 3
7
3,<66.61
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnths
566.6? 3
:
3,>>>.>:
gjm
Jqukph
\mc` gj Ojstkþ`
Nhiu`kncnkh`js
gj
J`u`nkcgh gj Wrcecbh
\rjpcrcr J`u`nkcgh gjm Wrcecbh
Cnnkh`js
Ujnhij`gcgcs
Nhrrjntkvcs \rjpcrcr
Cnnkh`js
Ujnhij`gcgcs
Nhrrjntkvcs C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
5
7<<.<<
Cnnkh`js
Ujnhij`gcgcs
\rjvj`tkvcs \rjpcrcr
Cnnkh`js
Ujnhij`gcgcs
\rjvj`tkvcs C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
>
6<<.<<
Mjnnkh`js C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
:
3,<<<.<<
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<< 3
>
6<<.<<
Mjnnkh`js Cprj`gkgcs
\rjpcrcr
Ghnuij`th
Cprj`gkgcs
gj
Cntc gj Cnjptcnkþ`
\rjpcrcr Cntc gj Cnjptcnkþ`
57,<66.?1
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
Fcsj
\rjpcrcgh phr2
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Fjnac
5;/<7/5<3<
J`trjocemj
Cntkvkgcg
Ujnursh
Nhsth phr Nc`t
@rh
Nhsth
Nhsth
gkc
Gécs
Whtcm Cnt
Whtcm
Fcsj
Kipmjij`tcnkþ` Nh`trcth gj Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj \rjpcrcr Nh`trcth
gj \mctcfhric
\mctcfhric
Fhricmkzcr Nh`trcth
Nh`trcth gj Ic`tj`kikj`th
E\I k`stcmcgh
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
>
6<<.<<
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
>
6<<.<<
\rjpcrcr Nh`trcth
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
>
6<<.<<
Fhricmkzcr Nh`trcth
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
>
6<<.<<
K`stcmcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric hpjrctkvc
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3
5
>>>.>7
>,7<<.<5
K`stcmcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric E\I
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3
>
:<<.<3
\rujecs gj mc pmctcfhric k`stcmcgc
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
3
3
366.6?
pmctcfhric
Ujgksjóh
\rhnjsh
gjm Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh
Cuthictkzcnkþ`
gjm \rhnjsh
Gkcorcic gjm \rhnjsh Ujgksjócgh
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
5<<.<<
3
3<
Jmcehrcr
jstã`gcrjs
cuthictkzcnkþ`
gj C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
>
6<<.<<
Cprhecr
Jstã`gcrjs
cuthictkzcnkþ`
gj C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
3
5<<.<<
Kgj`tkfkncr y Gjscrrhmmcr Ncshs gj Zsh C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
5<<.<<
3
?
3,7<<.<<
Gkcorcicr \cqujtj gj mhs Ncshs gj C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
Zsh
5<<.<<
3
?
3,7<<.<<
Oj`jrcr Cntc gj nh`fhrikgcg
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
5<<.<<
3
3
5<<.<<
Gjfk`kr J`tkgcgjs pcrc mc Ecsj gj C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
Gcths
5<<.<<
3
:
3,<<<.<<
Gjfk`kr Ujmcnkh`js pcrc mc Ecsj gj C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
Gcths
5<<.<<
3
:
3,<<<.<<
Ojstkh`cr najndmkst pcrc mc Ecsj gj C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
Gcths
5<<.<<
3
5
7<<.<<
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
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?,;;;.1<
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm @johnkh
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
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C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
>
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C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
:
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Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
><
?,;;;.1<
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm @johnkh
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
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3,166.65
Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c Gcths
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
>
?;;.;1
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
:
3,>>>.><
gj Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
>:
;,>>>.3<
Kipmjij`tcr Mþoknc gjm @johnkh
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
7
3,<66.67
Kipmjij`tcr Cnnjsh c Gcths
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
>
?;;.;1
Jstã`gcrjs gj Cuthictkzcnkþ`
Ihgjmh gj Ujqukskths
Nhiph`j`tjs
Ujqujrkikj`ths
gj Kipmjij`tcr K`tjrfcz
Nhiph`j`tjs Nhiprc Gkrjntc
Nhiph`j`tjs
^jmjnnkþ`
\rhnjsh
5,<<<.<<
5,<<<.<<
75,;;;.<1
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
\rujecs
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
5
:
3,>>>.><
Ncshs gj \rujec Fu`nkh`cmjs Kgj`tkfkncr y gjscrrhmmcr Ncshs gj C`cmkstc SC
Cprhecghs
\rujec
3>>.>>
3
>
>;;.;;
Nhrrjr mhs ncshs gj \rujec pcrc jm C`cmkstc SC
\rhnjsh gj Ujqujrkikj`th
3>>.>>
3
>
>;;.;;
Nhrrjr Ncshs gj \rujec pcrc Nhiprc C`cmkstc SC
Gkrjntc
3>>.>>
3
>
>;;.;;
Nhrrjr Ncshs gj \rujec pcrc jm C`cmkstc SC
\rhnjsh gj ^jmjnnkþ`
3>>.>>
3
>
>;;.;;
Ojstkh`cr
cprhecghs
ncshs C`cmkstc SC
3>>.>>
3
5
566.66
Oj`jrcr mc nhrrjnnkþ` gj ncshs nh` C`cmkstc SC
3>>.>>
3
7
:>>.>5
3>>.>>
3
7
:>>.>5
C`cmkstc SC
3>>.>>
3
>
>;;.;;
Oj`jrcr mc nhrrjnnkþ` gj ncshs nh` C`cmkstc SC
jrrhr
3>>.>>
3
7
:>>.>5
Ncmkgcg Vjrkfkncr jm nuipmkikj`th gj mhs C`cmkstc SC
rjqukskths gj ncmkgcg
3>>.>>
3
1
3,<66.67
najndmkst
gj
7,;>>.53
jrrhr
Ncshs
gj
\rujec
K`tjorcnkþ` cprhecghs
gj Kgj`tkfkncr y gjscrrhmmcr Ncshs gj C`cmkstc SC
\rujec
\rhecr k`tjrfcnjs nh` JU\
Csjourcikj`th
Cprhecgh
gj
Wcmmjr gj Ncpcnktcnkþ`
Ncpcnktcnkþ`
Ic`ucm Wën`knh
Ihgjmh
gj
Ncpcnktcghr
3>>.>>
3
3
3>>.>>
\rjpcrcr gkcphsktkvcs
Ncpcnktcghr
3>>.>>
3
>
>;;.;;
Nhhrgk`cr nc`tkgcg gj usucrkhs c Ncpcnktcghr
ncpcnktcr
3>>.>>
3
5
566.66
Nhhrgk`cr ahrcrkhs
Ncpcnktcghr
3>>.>>
3
3
3>>.>>
Gjfk`kr nc`tkgcg gj sjskh`js y tjics Ncpcnktcghr
phr sjskþ`
3>>.>>
3
:
666.6:
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3
:
1>>.>:
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr 3>>.>>
3
:
666.6:
C`cmkstc gj Fu`nkh`cm 5<<.<<
3
:
3,<<<.<<
C`cmkstc gj Fu`nkh`cm 5<<.<<
3
>
6<<.<<
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
3
5
7<<.<<
\rjpcrcr Ic`ucm Wën`knh
Ic`ucm gj Zsucrkh
Kipmjij`tcnkþ`
Gjfk`kr tjics
\rjpcrcr Ic`ucm gj Zsucrkh
Gjspmkjouj \rjpcrcr Ihgjmh gj Gjspmkjouj
Cprhecgh
Cntc gj \csj c \rhgunnkþ`
\rjpcrcr k`stcmcghrjs y snrkpt gj EG
5<<.<<
7,<;;.;6
5,1<<.<5
Jbjnutcr k`stcmcghrjs y snrkpt gj EG
Jbjnutcr snrkpt gj ikorcnkþ` gj gcths
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3
5
>>>.>7
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
5
7<<.<<
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3
5
>>>.>7
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
5<<.<<
3
5
7<<.<<
Ujsph`scemj
gj 366.6?
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc
pmctcfhric
3
5
>>>.>7
6<,5>5.5;
\rjsupujsth gjm \rhyjnth
󰁊󰁍󰁃󰁅󰁈󰁕󰁃󰁎󰁋󰁈󰁀 󰁇󰁊󰁍 󰁜󰁕󰁊󰁞󰁚󰁜󰁚󰁊󰁞󰁗󰁈
󰁇󰁪󰁷󰁣󰁭󰁭󰁪
󰁎󰁨󰁾󰁷󰁨
󰁋󰁩󰁼󰁭󰁪󰁩󰁪󰁠󰁷󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠 󰁧󰁪 󰁜󰁭󰁣󰁷󰁣󰁦󰁨󰁵󰁩󰁣
󰀾󰀭󰀷󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀵
󰁕󰁪󰁧󰁫󰁾󰁪󰃳󰁨 󰁧󰁪󰁭 󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁮󰁪󰁾󰁨
󰀵󰀭󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀼
󰁃󰁺󰁷󰁨󰁩󰁣󰁷󰁫󰁲󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠 󰁧󰁪󰁭 󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁮󰁪󰁾󰁨
󰀷󰀵󰀭󰀻󰀻󰀻󰀠󰀼󰀱
󰁜󰁵󰁺󰁪󰁥󰁣󰁾
󰀷󰀭󰀻󰀾󰀾󰀠󰀵󰀳
󰁎󰁣󰁼󰁣󰁮󰁫󰁷󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠
󰀷󰀭󰀼󰀻󰀻󰀠󰀻󰀶
󰁆󰁣󰁮󰁷󰁨󰁵
󰁋󰁩󰁼󰁭󰁪󰁩󰁪󰁠󰁷󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠
󰀵󰀭󰀱󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀵
󰁎󰁨󰁾󰁷󰁨 󰁧󰁪 󰁗󰁵󰁣󰁥󰁣󰁢󰁨 󰁗󰃫󰁮󰁠󰁫󰁮󰁨
6<,5>5.5
6<,5>5.5󰀻
󰀻
󰁎󰁨󰁾󰁷󰁨 󰁧󰁪 󰁗󰁵󰁣󰁥󰁣󰁢󰁨 󰁧󰁪 󰁏󰁪󰁾󰁷󰁫󰃾󰁠
57,<66.?󰀱
󰁍󰁋󰁀󰁊󰁃 󰁅󰁃󰁞󰁊 󰁇󰁊󰁍 󰁎󰁈󰁞󰁗󰁈
󰀱7,5󰀻󰀻.<
󰀱7,5󰀻󰀻.<?
?
󰁕󰁪󰁾󰁪󰁵󰁶󰁣 󰁧󰁪 󰁏󰁪󰁾󰁷󰁫󰃾󰁠
󰀱󰀭󰀷󰀵󰀻󰀠󰀻󰀳
󰁜󰁕󰁊󰁞󰁚󰁜󰁚󰁊󰁞󰁗󰁈
󰀻5,?5󰀱.󰀻󰀱
󰁕󰁪󰁾󰁪󰁵󰁶󰁣 󰁧󰁪 󰁎󰁨󰁠󰁷󰁫󰁠󰁯󰁪󰁠󰁮󰁫󰁣
5>,3󰀱5.5
5>,3󰀱5.57
7
󰁎󰁈󰁞󰁗󰁈 󰁗󰁈󰁗󰁃󰁍
󰀳󰀼%
󰀵󰀺%
33:,󰀻33.55
󰁇󰁪󰁷󰁣󰁭󰁭󰁪
󰁎󰁨󰁾󰁷󰁨
󰁃󰁮󰁺󰁩󰁺󰁭󰁣󰁧󰁨
󰁋󰁠󰁫󰁮󰁫󰁨
󰀼
󰀼
󰁋󰁩󰁼󰁭󰁪󰁩󰁪󰁠󰁷󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠 󰁧󰁪 󰁜󰁭󰁣󰁷󰁣󰁦󰁨󰁵󰁩󰁣
󰀾󰀭󰀷󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀵
󰀾󰀭󰀷󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀵
󰁕󰁪󰁧󰁫󰁾󰁪󰃳󰁨 󰁧󰁪󰁭 󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁮󰁪󰁾󰁨
󰀵󰀭󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀼
󰀺󰀭󰀷󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀵
󰀷󰀵󰀭󰀻󰀻󰀻󰀠󰀼󰀱
󰀷󰀱󰀭󰀾󰀻󰀻󰀠󰀳󰀼
󰁜󰁵󰁺󰁪󰁥󰁣󰁾
󰀷󰀭󰀻󰀾󰀾󰀠󰀵󰀳
󰀺󰀾󰀭󰀾󰀾󰀵󰀠󰀾󰀳
󰁎󰁣󰁼󰁣󰁮󰁫󰁷󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠
󰀷󰀭󰀼󰀻󰀻󰀠󰀻󰀶
󰀺󰀿󰀭󰀷󰀾󰀵󰀠󰀵󰀿
󰁋󰁩󰁼󰁭󰁪󰁩󰁪󰁠󰁷󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠
󰀵󰀭󰀱󰀼󰀼󰀠󰀼󰀵
󰀶󰀼󰀭󰀵󰀾󰀵󰀠󰀵󰀻
󰀵󰀷󰀭󰀼󰀶󰀶󰀠󰀿󰀱
󰀱󰀷󰀭󰀵󰀻󰀻󰀠󰀼󰀿
󰁃󰁺󰁷󰁨󰁩󰁣󰁷󰁫󰁲󰁣󰁮󰁫󰃾󰁠 󰁧󰁪󰁭 󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁮󰁪󰁾󰁨
󰁎󰁨󰁾󰁷󰁨 󰁧󰁪 󰁗󰁵󰁣󰁥󰁣󰁢󰁨 󰁧󰁪 󰁏󰁪󰁾󰁷󰁫󰃾󰁠
3.7.7 Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
󰁍󰃩󰁠󰁪󰁣 󰁅󰁣󰁾󰁪 󰁧󰁪󰁭 󰁎󰁨󰁾󰁷󰁨
󰀻󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀱󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀿󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀶󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀺󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀷󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀾󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀵󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀳󰀼󰀼󰀼󰀼
󰀼
󰁫󰁨
󰁠
󰁣
󰁭
󰁪
󰁠
󰁾
󰁣
󰁠
󰁠
󰁪
󰁪
󰁧
󰁫󰃾
󰁮
󰁣
󰁷
󰁠
󰁪
󰁩
󰁭󰁪
󰁼
󰁩
󰁋
󰁮
󰁫
󰁠
󰁋
󰁩
󰁵
󰁦󰁨
󰁣
󰁷
󰁭󰁣
󰁜
󰁪
󰁧
󰁧
󰁨
󰃳
󰁪
󰁫󰁾
󰁧
󰁪
󰁕
󰁨
󰁾
󰁪
󰁮
󰁵󰁨
󰁜
󰁫󰃾
󰁮
󰁣
󰁲
󰁷󰁫
󰁣
󰁩
󰁷󰁨
󰁺
󰁃
󰁨
󰁾
󰁪
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󰁜
󰁭
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3.: Ojstkþ` gj mc Ncmkgcg
3.:.3 \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mc Ncmkgcg
@hierj
\rhyjnth2
gjm
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs, Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
5? gj Cerkm gjm 5<3<
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gjm ^kstjic gj Ncmkgcg gjm \rhyjnth2
Jstrunturc Hroc`kzcnkh`cm
UHMJ^ [ UJ^\H@^CEKMKGCGJ^
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth2
Js jm rjsph`scemj gj mc jmcehrcnkþ` gjm \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg y gj mcs cprhecnkh`js gjm
csjourcikj`th y nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg.
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs2
Js jm rjsph`scemj gj2
\mc`tjcr quj jstã`gcrjs gj ncmkgcg gj mc jiprjsc sjrã` utkmkzcghs2
Jstã`gcrjs gj ghnuij`tcnkþ` fu`nkh`cm.
Jstã`gcrjs gj prhorcicnkþ`.
Jstã`gcrjs gj ecsj gj gcths.
Jstã`gcrjs pcrc mhs ic`ucmjs (k`stcmcnkþ`, gj usucrkh, tën`knh y gj crquktjnturc).
Kgj`tkfkncr mhs rjqujrkikj`ths gjm usucrkh.
\mc`tjcr mhs hebjtkvhs gj ncmkgcg.
\mc`tjcr mhs nhsths gj ncmkgcg.
\mc`tjcr mhs tkjiphs gj ncmkgcg.
\mc`tjcr mhs rjnurshs `jnjscrkhs pcrc mc ncmkgcg.
Kgj`tkfkncr mcs mjnnkh`js cprj`gkgcs gj mhs prhyjnths skikmcrjs.
Vjrkfkncr quj mcs jspjnkfkncnkh`js fu`nkh`cmjs, gj k`tjrfcz y tën`kncs nuipmc` nh` mhs
rjqujrkikj`ths prjsj`tcghs.
Vjrkfkncr quj thghs mhs rjqujrkikj`ths shmknktcghs sjc` nuipmkghs.
\rhorcicghr2
Ujsph`scemj gj nuipmkr nh` mcs `hrics gj ncmkgcg y mhs jstã`gcrjs gjfk`kghs pcrc jm prh
prhyjnth.
yjnth.
C`cmkstc gj SC2
Js jm rjsph`scemj gj2
Ujcmkzcr jm nh`trhm gj mc
m c ncmkgcg gj mhs j`trjocemjs gj fcsj gjscrrhmmh gjm prhyjnth.
Ujcmkzcr prujecs gjm skstjic.
Ojstkh`cr mc nhrrjnnkþ` gj mhs jrrhrjs j`nh`trcghs j` mcs prujecs.
Cugkthrkcs gj prujecs gj ncmkgcg.
C`ãmksks gj mcs iëtrkncs gj ncmkgcg.
\rhnjgkikj`ths
\mc`kfkncnkþ` gj mc ncmkgcg.
^j rjfkjrj c mc kgj`tkfkncnkþ` gj quë `hrics sh` rjmjvc`tjs pcrc jm prhyjnth y nþih
sctksfcnjrmcs
Jm C`cmkstc Mégjr y jm C`cmkstc gj SC csjshrcrã` pcrc mc fhriumcnkþ` gjm \mc` gj Ncmkgcg gjm
prhyjnth.
\rhnjgkikj`th gj Csjourcikj`th gj mc ncmkgcg.
Wrctc sherj mc cpmkncnkþ` skstjiãtknc y pmc`kfkncgc gj mcs cntkvkgcgjs gj ncmkgcg, pcrc csjourcr
quj jm prhyjnth utkmkzc thghs mhs prhnjshs `jnjscrkhs pcrc nuipmkr nh` mhs rjqukskths.
r jqukskths.
@hrics y jstã`gcrjs
jstã`gcrjs gjfk`kghs phr mc jjiprjsc.
iprjsc.
\rhnjgkikj`th gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg.
^upjrvksc mhs rjsumtcghs jspjnéfknhs gjm prhyjnth, pcrc gjtjrik`cr sk nuipmj nh` mcs `hrics gj
ncmkgcg rjmjvc`tjs j kgj`tkfknc ihghs gj mcs ncuscs gjm rj`gkikj`th k`sctksfcnthrkh.
Jstcemjnj mc k`tjrcnnkþ` j`trjs mhs gkstk`ths prhnjshs gjm prhyjnth y ãrjcs gjm nh`hnkikj`th,
csé nhih mc cpmkncekmkgcg ncmkgcg tc`th c mc ojstkþ` gjm prhyjnth prhpkcij`tj nhih cm
prhgunth.
Nrktjrkhs gj cnjptcnkþ` h gjvhmunkþ` gj mhs j`trjocemjs j` fu`nkþ` gjm nh`trhm rjcmkzcgh.
Ojstkþ` gj mc nhrrjnnkþ` gj mhs j`trjocemjs quj `h jstë` nh`fhrijs.
\rhnjshs
Mjvc`tcikj`th gj k`fhricnkþ`.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`jss fu`nkh`cmjs, gj kk`tjrfcz
Jspjnkfkncnkh`j
`tjrfcz y tën`kncs.
Ihgjmcikj`th gj gcths.
Gjscrrhmmh gjm skstjic.
\rujecs gjm skstjic.
Ncpcnktcnkþ`.
Kipmc`tcnkþ` gjm skstjic.
Vjrkfkncnkþ` gjm nh`trcth gj cmqukmjr gj jqukphs.
Ujnurshs
Ojrj`tj gjm \rhyjnth.
C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs.
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
C`cmkstc SC.
\rhorcicghrjs.
Cspjnths gj mc Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg gjm \rhyjnth2
Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg
Js rjsph`scekmkgcg gjm C`cmkstc gj SC jm nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg gj thgh jm gjscrrhmmh gjm
cpmknctkvh. ^j j`ncrocrã gj rjcmkzcr mcs prujecs gjm skstjic y ojstkh`cr mcs nhrrjnnkh`js gj mhs
jrrhrjs j`nh`trcghs j` mcs prujecs.
Jm C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs tkj`j mc rjsph`scekmkgcg gj rjcmkzcr jm nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg gj mcs
jspjnkfkncnkh`js fu`nkh`cmjs, gj k`tjrfcz y tën`kncs gjm skstjic, csé nhih gjm prhgunth fk`cm
gjscrrhmmcgh.
Csjourcikj`th gj mc Ncmkgcg
Js rjsph`scekmkgcg gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm jbjnutcr jm csjourcikj`th gj ncmkgcg gj thgh jm
prhyjnth, sj j`ncrocrã gj quj sj nuipmc nh` mcs `hrics y jstã`gcrjs gj ncmkgcg gjfk`kgcs j`
jm prhyjnth. K`fhric cm Ojrj`tj gj prhyjnth sherj mhs cnujrghs gj ncmkgcg.
Jm prhorcicghr tkj`j mc rjsph`scekmkgcg gj nuipmkr nh` mcs `hrics y jstã`gcrjs gj ncmkgcg
gjfk`kghs pcrc jm prhyjnth.
Ijbhrcikj`th gj mc Ncmkgcg
^j jstcemjnj` ajrrcikj`tcs gj supjrvkskþ` gj ncmkgcg, mc ajrrcikj`tc quj uscrjihs js
Gkcorcics gj fmubh. ^j prhph`grã` ijbhrcs nh`tk`ucs gj cnujrgh sj vc cvc`zc`gh jm prhyjnth.
Mc supjrvkskþ` gj mc ncmkgcg sj gcrã ijgkc`tj rju`kh`js sjic`cmjs nh` jqukph gj prhyjnth.
3.:.5 @hrics gj Ncmkgcg `jnjscrkcs pcrc rjcmkzcr jm Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o.\chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
51 gj Cerkm gjm 5<3<
Hebjtkvhs gjm \rhyjnth (Ncmkgcg)
Cpmkncr mc ijthghmhoéc gj C`ãmksks y gksjóh gj skstjics gj mc C\@
Cpmkncr mhs prhnjgkikj`ths y jstã`gcrjs gj mc hroc`kzcnkþ` pcrc mc prhorcicnkþ` y prujecs
Ijthghmhoéc gj C`ãmksks y Gksjóh
Cpmkncr mc ijthghmhoéc ZIM. Jm mj`oucbj u`kfkncgh gj ihgjmh gj hebjths jstã pj`scgh pcrc
jspjnkfkncr, vksucmkzcr y nh`strukr mhs nhiph`j`tjs quj nh`fhric` u` skstjic gj shftwcrj h u`
ihgjmcgh gj `johnkhs nh` mcs iãs cvc`zcgcs tjn`hmhoécs y ajrrcikj`tcs hrkj`tcgcs c hebjths.
Jstã`gcrjs gj prhorcicnkþ`
Mhs jstã`gcrjs gj prhorcicnkþ` sh` u`c pcrtj jsj`nkcm gj nucmqukjr jsfujrzh gj gjscrrhmmh gj u`c
cpmkncnkþ`
Mhs skoukj`tjs jstã`gcrjs sj gksjóc` pcrc prhphrnkh`cr u` j`fhquj nmcrh gjm gjscrrhmmh quj
pjriktkrã u` nþgkoh hrgj`cgh
hrgj`cgh y nhihgkgcg
nhihgkgcg gj mc mjo
mjokekmkgcg.
kekmkgcg.
Ztkmkzcr tcbhs ghemjs (//) nhij`tcr mcs mé`jcs gj nþgkoh y utkmkzcr jm nhij`tcrkh gjm emhquj (/*....*/)
pcrc nhij`tcrkhs orc`gjs
orc`gjs gj iumtk-mé`jc
=snhpj0=typj0X=`cij0
Gjfk`knkþ` gj mcs nh`vj`nkh`js gj mcs vcrkcemjs2
VCUKCEMJ (snhpj)2
Omhecm
o
^acrjg
s
K`stc`nj
k
Mhncm
m
WK\H GJ VCUKCEMJ (typj)2
Emhe
emeX
Ehhmjc`
eX
Gctj
gctjX
GctjWkij
gtX
Gjnkicm
gjnX
Ghuemj
gX
Orcpakn Hebjnt
ohX
K`tjojr
kX
Mh`o
mX
Ujcm
rX
^trk`o
sX
Wkij
tX
Z`sko`jg K`t
ukX
Z`sko`jg Mh`o
umX
Fu`nkh`js2
@cik`o Fhrict
=snhpj0fX=`cij0 ()
Vj`tc`c
@cij Fhrict
w=typj0X=`cij0
Nh`trhm gj Fmubh
Mcs gjnmcrcnkh`js gjm nh`trhm gjm fmubh gjej` jstcr j` IC[Ò^NZMC^ tc` nhih gjfk`kr
nmcrcij`tj jm nh`tjxth j` u`c ikrcgc. Mcs sj`tj`nkcs sj gjej` cmk`jcr cprhpkcgcij`tj y
hrgj`cgcij`tj.
Jbjipmh2
KF =nh`gktkh`0 WAJ@
=stctjij`t emhnd0
JM^J
=stctjij`t emhnd0
J@G KF
Fuj`tjs2
Ztkmkzcr CUKCM 1 pt pcrc mhs tétumhs y tjxths. @h nh`vkj`j utkmkzcr u` tkph gj mjtrc `h WrujWypj,
`k ijznmcr tcicóhs gkfjrj`tjs.
Jm Nhmhr gj fh`gh c uscr js EZWWH@FCNJ
Jstã`gcrjs gj Ecsj gj Gcths2
Wcemcs2 Jm `hierj gj mcs tcemcs gj ecsj gj gcths gjej gj jstcr jj`` sk`oumcr. Wkj`j` u`c mh`oktug
iãxkic gj >< ncrcntjrjs
`hierj tcemc
Gh`gj2
`hierj tcemc, js jm `hierj gj mc tcemc utkmkzc`gh mcs cerjvkcturcs jstã`gcr (Vjr c`jxh tcemcs),
kgj`tkfknc`gh nmcrcij`tj mc j`tkgcg c gjfk`kr.
Jbjipmh2
icjXjiprjsc, tcemc gj icjstrh gj jiprjscs.
nceXvcmjXk`orjsh,
nceXvcmjXk`o
rjsh, tcemc gj ncejnjrc gj vcmj gj k`orjsh.
gjtXvcmjXk`orjsh,
gjtXvcmjXk`orjs
h, tcemc gj gjtcmmj gj vcmj gj kk`orjsh.
`orjsh.
@hierj tcemc2 Wkj`j u`c mh`oktug ié`kic gj trjs ncrcntjrjs, j` ik`òsnumc
ik`òsnumc cm k`knkh y mujoh
mujoh tj`grã
u` sjpcrcghr ”X’ y mujoh jm `hierj gj mc tcemc j` fhric quj sj nhiprj`gc h sk js iuy mcroh j`
fhric cerjvkcgc sjoò` tcemc tërik`h.
@htcs2
Mhs `hierjs nhrths gj mcs tcemcs sj csko`crc` shmcij`tj c cqujmmcs quj sj hrkok`c` gj u`c
rjmcnkþ` gj iunahs c iunahs (tcemc rjmcnkh`cm).
r jmcnkh`cm).
^j uscrã` sjpcrcghrjs.
@hierj gj mhs nciphs
nciphs
@hierj gj mhs ctrkeuths gj mhs nciphs tkj`j >< ncrcntjrjs nhih iãxkih, nh` mc skoukj`tj
jstrunturc2
nmcsj +X+ ncmkfkncghr 3 +X+ ncmkfkncghr ` + X+ @hierj tcemc
Gh`gj2
Nmcsj2 trjs (>) ncrcntjrjs quj kgj`tkfknc` mc nmcsj gj gcth (hemkocthrkh)
Ncmkfkncghr2 Ié`kih trjs (>) ncrcntjrjs quj kgj`tkfknc` cm ncmkfkncghr
ncmkfkncghr gjm subjth (hemkoc
(hemkocthrkh)
thrkh)
@hierj tcemc2 @hierj
@hierj mcroh þ nhrth gj mc tcemc hebjth (hpnkh`cm)
(hpnkh`cm) shmh ncshs gj jxnjpnkh`c
jxnjpnkh`cmjs.
mjs.
Jbjipmhs 2
nhgXnj`nhs,, pcrc u`c tcemc x
nhgXnj`nhs
jst usucrkh, pcrc u`c tcemc y
@htcs2
J` ncsh `jnjscrkh sj phgrã utkmkzcr iãs gj u` ncmkfkncghr, c jfjnths gj mhorcr mc kgj`tkfkncnkþ` gjm
gcth.
Jm `hierj nhrth gj mc tcemc shmh sj uscrã j` ncsh gj nhk`nkgkr mhs `hierjs gj ghs h iãs nciphs
quj vkj`j` gj htrcs tcemcs. jbjipmh2
nhgXceh`hXhrgocs
nhgXceh`h
Xhrgocs , pcrc mmcc tcemc z
nhgXceh`hXihvntc
nhgXceh`h
Xihvntc , pcrc mc tcemc z
@hierj gjm é`gknj h nh`strck`t
^k js tkph nh`strck`t 2 \rkicry Djy
Dj y
J`th`njs2
@hierj tcemc + X + tkph nh`strck`t
^k js tkph nh`strck`t 2 Fhrjko` Djy j K`gjx
J`th`njs2
@hierj tcemc + X + tkph nh`strck`t + X + sjnuj`nkc
gh`gj tkph nh`strck`t2
FD
2 Fhrjko` Djy
KQ
2 K`gknj
icjXec`nhXpd
icjXec`nh
Xpd nhrrjsph`gj c mc mm
mmcvj
cvj prkicrkc gj mc Wcemc Ec`nhs,
nceXvcmjXk`orjshXfdX3
nceXvcmjXk`o
rjshXfdX3 nhrrjsph`gj c mc mmcvj fhrã`jc gj mmcc tcemc Vcmj gj K`orjsh
@hierj gj trkoojrs
@hierj gj mhs trkoojrs cmicnj`cghs j` mc ecsj gj gcths. Wkj`j` u`c mh`oktug iãxkic gj ><
ncrcntjrjs nh` mc skoukj`tj jstrunturc.
WT tkph trkoojrY + X + `hierj gj trkoojr
Wkphs
K
2 K`sjrt
Z
2 Zpgctj
G
2 Gjmjtj
^
2 ^jmjnt
O
2 Oj`jrcm
\hr Jbjipmh2 tuXicjXec`nhs nhrrjsph`gj c u` trkoojr quj sj cntkvc cm cntucmkzcr u` rjokstrh j` mc
tcemc EC@NH^
@hierj gj Vkstcs
Vkstcs
@hierj gj mcs vkstcs cshnkcgcs c u`c h iãs tcemcs gj ecsj gj gcths. Wkj`j` u`c mh`oktug iãxkic
>< ncrcntjrjs y su jstrunturc js mc skoukj`tj2
`hierj vkstc
Gh`gj2
`hierj vkstc, js jm `hierj gj mc vkstc utkmkzc`gh mcs iksics rjomcs quj mhs `hierjs gj tcemcs.
Jbjipmh 2
gjtXvcmjXk`orjsh
icjXusucrkhs
@hierj gjm \rhnjgkikj`th
\rhnjgkikj`th Cmicnj`cgh
Cmicnj`cgh (prhnjgurj)
@hierj gj mhs sthrj prhnjgurjs
prhnjgurjs cmicnj`cghs j` mc ecsj gj gcths.
gcths. Wkj`j` u`c mh`oktug iãxkic gj
7< ncrcntjrjs, nh` mc skoukj`tj jstrunturc2
^\ ( K, Z, G, ^, O ) X+ `hierj gjm prhnjgkikj`th cmicnj`cgh
K 2 K`sjrt.
Z 2 Zpgctj.
G 2 Gjmjtj.
^ 2 ^jmjnt.
O 2 Oj`jrcm.
\hr jbjipmh 2 ^\KXK`sjrtcrXJipmjcgh.
^\KXK`sjrtcrXJipmjcgh.
@hierj gjm prhnjgkikj`th
prhnjgkikj`th cmicnj`cg
cmicnj`cghh (fu`nkþ`)
@hierj gj mcs fu`nkh`js cmicnj`cgcs j` mc ecsj gj gcths. Wkj`j` u`c mh`oktug iãxkic gj ><
ncrcntjrjs nh` mc skoukj`tj jstrunturc2
F( K, Z, G, ^, O ) X+ `hierj gj mc fu`nkþ`
K 2 K`sjrt.
Z 2 Zpgctj.
G 2 Gjmjtj.
^ 2 ^jmjnt.
O 2 Oj`jrcm.
\hr jbjipmh 2 FZXVCMKGCUXZ^ZCUKH
@htc 2 Whgcs mcs FZ@NKH@J^ gjej` jstcr gjekgcij`tj nhij`tcghs.
@hierj gj mcs vcrkcemjs j` jm prhnj
prhnjgkikj`th
gkikj`th cmicnj`c
cmicnj`cgh
gh
\crc jm ncsh gj mcs vcrkcemjs sj uscrã` mcs skoukj`tjs gkrjntrknjs2
Gjfk`knkþ` gj Vcrkcemjs
tkph gj vcrkcemj +X+ tkph gj gcth nmcsj +X+ tkph gj gcth ncmkfkncghr
tkph gj vcrkcemj 2
Wkph
Gcth
gj \rjfkb
h
Nacr
LmsX
Vcrnacr
LmsX
@uiejr
Lm`X
K`tjojr
Lm`X
GctjWkij
LmgtX
Ehhmjc`
LmeX
tkph gj gcth nmcsj 2
Mc nmcsj sj nhgkfkncrã` gj cnujrgh c mcs cerjvkcturcs gj mcs nhmui`cs jstã`gcrjs (vjr c`jxh
nhmui`cs nmcsj)
tkph gj gcth ncmkfkncghr 2
Jm ncmkfkncghr sj nhgkfkncrã` gj cnujrgh c mcs cerjvkcturcs gj mcs nhmui`cs jstã`gcrjs (vjr c`jxh
nhmui`cs ncmkfkncghr)
Jbjipmh2
LmsXnhgXih` vcrnacr(5),
Lm`XtncXprjvj`
`uijrkn(3:,7),
Zsh gj Icyòsnumcs
^j uscrã` mjtrcs icyòsnumcs pcrc mh skoukj`tj2
sk oukj`tj2
Whgcs mcs sj`tj`nkcs ^SM (Z\GCWJ, K@^JUW, GJMJWJ , ^JMJNW )gj`trh gj mcs fu`nkh`js,
sthrj prhnjgurjs h fu`nkh`js.
J` thgcs mcs gjnmcrcnkh`js gj sk`tcxks gj \M-^SM nhih phr jbjipmh (KF, WAJ@, _AKMJ,
GJNMCUJ NZU^HU, EJOK@ , J@G , jtn).
Cerjvkcturcs Jstã`gcr
@rh3 CEUJVXWJUIK@H
^KO@KFKNCGHXWJUIK@H
3
icjXxxxxxx
Icjstrh
5
rjmXxxxxxxxx
Ujmcnkþ` nh` htrcs tcemcs
>
cugXxxxxxxx
cugXxxxxxxx
Cugkthréc
7
KtfXxxxxxxxxx
K`tjrfcnj
:
nceXxxxxxxx
Ncejnjrc gj u` \rhnjsh
6
gjtXxxxxxxxx
Gjtcmmj gj u` \rhnjsh
?
K`gXxxxxxxxx
K`gkncghr
1
ihvXxxxxxxx
Ihvkikj`th
;
mhoXxxxxxxxx
Mho gj u` prhnjsh
3<
treXxxxxxxxx
Wrcecbh gj u` prhnjsh
\rhnjgkikj`th gj \rujecs K`tjorcmjs y pcsj gj mc C\@
Mhs snrkpts y fuj`tjs gjejrã` sjr nhmocghs j` jm gkrjnthrkh gjm Acrvjst pcrc mcs prujecs u`ktcrkcs y
phstjrkhrij`tj pcrc mcs prujecs gj SC.
CmmFuskh` Acrvjst Nac`oj Ic`cojr js u`c ajrrcikj`tc gj shftwcrj pcrc mc ojstkþ` gj mc
nh`fkourcnkþ` (nh`trhm gj vjrskh`js, jtn ^NI) gj nþgkoh fuj`tj y htrhs cntkvhs j` jm gjscrrhmmh gj
shftwcrj.
Nciekhs j` mhs \cqujtjs2
Acrvjst pujgj prhphrnkh`cr tc`th nh`trhm gj vjrskh`js y ojstkþ` gjm
nciekh. Jm gjscrrhmmcghr acnj mhs nciekhs j` jm Acrvjst (nrjc u` "nac`oj sjt"). Jm pcqujtj
nciekcgh k`knkcmij`tj jstcrã fhricgh phr u` `òijrh gj crnakvhs quj jm gjscrrhmmcghr ac nrjcgh
h ihgkfkncgh. Jstj js jm nhiph`j`tj gj nh`trhm gj vjrskh`js gjm Acrvjst.
Nknmhs gj Vkgc2
Z`c vjz quj jm gjscrrhmmcghr jstã sctksfjnah nh` sus nciekhs, jm prhorjsh
nciekhs c trcvës gj u` nknmh gj vkgc prj-gjfk`kghs (js gjnkr, j` u`c sjrkj gj jtcpcs gj mc prujec
sjnuj`nkcm y, fk`cmij`tj, pcsc c prhgunnkþ`). J` thgcs jstcs jtcpcs gj jstj nknmh gj vkgc, jm
pcqujtj gjej tj`jr mcs cprhecnkh`js gj mhs usucrkhs cprhpkcghs h oruphs gj usucrkhs. Jstcs
cprhecnkh`js sj rjokstrc` gj fhric pjric`j`tj c jfjnths gj cugkthréc.
3.:.> Mkstc gj nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg `jnjscrkc pcrc jm nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
5;/<7/5<3<
Jm skoukj`tj najndmkst sjrã utkmkzcgh phr jm C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
\Z@WH^ GJ NH@WUHM
Ujfjrj`nkc
^j jbjnutc mc
cnnkþ`
@h Cpmknc
^K
¸J`tj`gkþ jm Cmnc`nj y Hebjtkvh gjm
Ujqujrkikj`th8
¸Jm C`cmkstc mj j`trjoþ jm ghnuij`th gj \rjC`ãmksks pcrc su nh`hnkikj`th8
\rj-c`ãmksks
¸Nh`hnj jm Kipcnth j` mc Hpjrctkvc gjm
Ujqujrkikj`th 8
¸Nh`hnj sk jm nciekh c rjcmkzcr kipcntc j`
htrhs Iþgumhs h ^kstjics8
¸Wkj`j nh`hnkikj`th gjm Nrh`horcic gj
Cntkvkgcgjs gj jstj Ujqujrkikj`th8
C`ãmksks
Ujqujrkikj`th
gj ¸\crtknkpþ j` mc jmcehrcnkþ` gjm ghnuij`th
gj C`ãmksks8
¸Wkj`j nmcrh mh quj gjej rjcmkzcr sjoò` mh
jstcemjnkgh j` jm Ujqujrkikj`th8
¸Jm C`cmkstc mj j`trjoh jm ghnuij`th gj
C`ãmksks pcrc nh`hnjr jm rjqujrkikj`th8
¸Mj j`trjoþ cmoò` htrh ghnuij`th pcrc
nh`hnjr ijbhr jm rjqujrkikj`th8
¸^j k`nmuyjrh` j` mhs snrkpts mhs nhij`tcrkhs
Fcsj gj Nh`strunnkþ`
quj sj gjej` orcecr j` mc EG cshnkcghs c mcs
tcemcs nrjcgcs h nhmui`cs cgknkh`cgcs8
cgknkh`cgcs8
¸Mhs nhij`tcrkhs gj`trh gj snrkpts jstã` nh`
ghemj oukþ`8
¸Mhs nciekhs j` mhs hebjths gj EG ajnahs
j` ^SM tkj`j` mhs nhij`tcrkhs2 "- - K@KNKH
Ujqujrkikj`th @@@XI"
y
"- - FK@
@H
Ujqujrkikj`th @@@XI" 8
¸^j jstã utkmkzc`gh ek`g vcrkcemjs cm uscr sqm
gk`ãiknhs8
¸Mc k`strunnkþ` HUGJU E[ jstã jxnmukgc
j` thghs mhs sue-qujry gj mcs sj`tj`nkcs
^JMJNW nh` vcrkhs sue-qujrys8
^k `h js
csé bustkfkncr
¸^j ac jxnmukgh jm ush gj mc tcemc GZCM j`
thghs prhnjgkikj`ths cmicnj`cghs8
¸Mc nmãusumc rjfjrj`tj cm tcemjspcnj jstã
k`nmukgc j` thgcs mcs sj`tj`nkcs gj nrjcnkþ`
gj tcemcs j é`gknjs8
¸Wkj`j` `hierj thghs mhs nh`trck`ts, prkicry
djys, fhrjko` djys8
Nuc`gh sj trctc gj snrkpts gj ihgkfkncnkþ` gj
gcths, ¸ ^j ac k`nmukgh k`strunnkh`js
^JMJNW * c`tjs y gjspujs gj mc sj`tj`nkc
Z\GCWJ h GJMJWJ
nh` mcs nmcusumcs
_AJUJ kgë`tkncs pcrc jm ^JMJNW y pcrc jm
GIM8
¸^j ac` k`nmukgh thghs mhs nciphs gj mc tcemc
j` mcs k`strunnkh`js K@^JUW8
¸^j ac vjrkfkncgh quj ecbh `k`oò` jsnj`crkh
gj prujec sj sherjpcsj jm tcicóh
t cicóh jstcemjnkgh
j` mhs nciphs j` mcs k`strunnkh`js K@^JUW y
Z\GCWJ 8
¸^j ac vjrkfkncgh quj mhs vcmhrjs c k`orjscr h
¸^j ac vjrkfkncgh quj mhs vcmhrjs c k`orjscr h
ihgkfkncr j` mcs k`strunnkh`js K@^JUW y
Z\GCWJ jstë` sustj`tcghs j` jm ghnuij`th
gj c`ãmksks gjm Ujqujrkikj`th8
\crc mhs `hierjs gj mhs snrkpts ¸^j jstã
utkmkzc`gh mc pmc`tkmmc "ppXprX@@@XI.sqm" 8
¸Jstã` nhipmjtcij`tj gjfk`kghs thghs mhs
hebjths (Wcemc, sjnuj`nkc, prhnjgkikj`th,
pcqujtj, k`gknj, jtn.)8 ¸^j ij`nkh`c
jm
jsqujic cm quj pjrtj`jnj ncgc hebjth8
¸^j utkmkzþ ^jmjnt gj nhiprhecnkþ` c`tjs y
gjspuës gj mc nrjcnkþ` gj ncgc hebjth8
¸^j ac k`nmukgh jm nhic`gh GJ^NUKEJ
c`tjs y gjspuës gj mc sj`tj`nkc CMWJU
WCEMJ8
Jstã`gcrjs
gj ¸Cm ihij`th gj rjcmkzcr u` rjokstrh,
cntucmkzcnkþ` y/h jmkik`cnkþ` gj gcths sj
cntucmkzc` mcs pkstcs gj cugkthrkc2 Z^ZCUKH
(vcmhr gj vcrkcemj "usjr") , FJNAC (vcmhr gj
vcrkcemj "sysgctj")
"sysgctj") y WJUIK@CM (K\ gj mc
\N h tjrik`cm gh`gj sj rjcmkzc` mcs
hpjrcnkh`js) 8
K`fhricnkþ`
¸^j ac nh`skgjrcgh jm ic`jbh gj jrrhrjs j`
jm nþgkoh fuj`tj cntucmkzcgh8
¸Mc k`tjorkgcg gj mc ecsj gj gcths sj
ic`tuvh nh`fhrij (mhs gcths sj cmicnj`crh`
j` mhs nciphs nhrrjnths) mujoh gj mc
cntucmkzcnkþ` j` prujecs u`ktcrkcs8
¸^j jbjnutcrh` thghs mhs ncshs gj prujecs
Fcsj
Nh`strunnkþ`2
\rujecs Z`ktcrkcs
u`ktcrkcs `jnjscrkhs j` jm ciekj`tj gj
gjscrrhmmh / tjstk`o8
¸^j vcmkgcrh` mhs rjsumtcghs gj rjphrtjs y
nh`sumtcs nh`trc mh rjokstrcgh j` mc Ecsj gj
Gcths8
Fcsj
Nh`strunnkþ` ¸Mc rjmcnkþ` gj hebjths k`gkncgh j` jm
Nhipcrcnkþ`
Hebjths
gj ghnuij`th gj C`ãmksks js mc iksic quj mc
rjvkscgc j` mcs prujecs u`ktcrkcs8
¸Jm nciekh k`gkncgh j` mc jspjnkfkncnkþ` gjm
ghnuij`th gj c`ãmksks nhrrjsph`gj nh` jm
nþgkoh fuj`tj8
¸Jm pcqujtj j` jm Acrvjst tkj`j jm fhricth
Fcsj gj Nh`strunnkþ`2 QQQQQ-Ujqujrkikj`th-<<<< 8 ( QQQQQ
Nh`trhm gj Vjrskh`js. sjrã` mcs skomcs jstcemjnkgcs pcrc jm skstjic
j` nujstkþ`)
¸Mcs Fjnacs y ahrcs gj ihgkfkncnkþ` gj
thghs mhs crnakvhs jbjnutcemjs sh` koucmjs h
phstjrkhrjs c mc fjnacs gj ihgkfkncnkþ` gj
sus nhrrjsph`gkj`tjs
nhrrjsph`gkj`tjs fuj`tjs8 (Ecscgh j` jm
nciph Fkmj Ihgkfkjg H` gjm ACUVJ^W)
Jm skoukj`tj najndmkst sjrã utkmkzcgh phr jm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
\Z@WH^ GJ NH@WUHM
^j jbjnutc mc
cnnkþ`
Ujfjrj`nkc
^K
¸^j tkj`j jvkgj`nkcs gj mc rju`kþ` gj \rj-
@h Cpmknc
@H
C`ãksks (Ghnuij`th gj Mjvc`tcikj`th gj mc
K`fhricnkþ`, Jxkstj jm Cntc h J-ickm quj
cprujec jstc rju`kþ`)8
Ghnuij`th \rë-c`ãmksks
¸^j jmcehrþ jm ghnuij`th gj \rj-C`ãmksks8
¸^j ac gjtcmmcgh mc sjnnkþ`2 ^ktucnkþ`
Cntucm8
Gj`trh gjm Gjtcmmj gjm Gjtcmmj gjm Cmnc`nj
Cmnc`nj
sj
ac`
gjtcmmcgh mhs skoukj`tjs
étjis2
Jxnmuskh`js
¸^j ac gjtcmmcgh mc sjnnkþ`2 Icrnh
Nh`njptucm8
¸^j ac gjtcmmcgh mc sjnnkþ`2 C`jxhs8
¸^j
ac
jmcehrcgh
mc
Mkstc
gj
Ujqujrkikj`ths8
¸^j ac jstkicgh prjmkik`crij`tj8 (nhk`nkgj
nh` mh pmcsicgh j` jm nrh`horcic.
¸^j ac gjtcmmcgh mc sjnnkþ`2 Wkjiphs
Jstkicghs
pcrc
mc
ctj`nkþ`
gjm
rjqujrkikj`th8
¸^j ac shmknktcgh Ojstkþ` gj mc Ncmkgcg gjm
ghnuij`th8
Fcsj gj Jmcehrcnkþ`2 ¸ ^j ac gjtcmmcgh mc sjnnkþ`2 ^ktucnkþ` Cntucm
Ghnuij`th gj C`ãmksks 8
Gj`trh gj mc sjnnkþ` Cmnc`nj sj ac`
jspjnkfkncgh
*
mhs
Gjtcmmj
skoukj`tjs
gjm
ktjis2
cmnc`nj
*
Htrhs
skstjics
kipcntcghs
*
Htrhs
skstjics
kipcntcghs
*
Ujqujrkikj`ths
rjmcnkh`cghs
* Jxnmuskh`js
¸ ^j ac` gjsnrkth thghs mhs nh`njpths
`jnjscrkhs gj`trh gj mc mc sjnnkþ`2 Icrnh
Nh`njptucm 8
¸
^j
ac
gjtcmmcgh
mc
sjnnkþ`2
Jspjnkfkncnkh`jss Fu`nkh`cmjs 8
Jspjnkfkncnkh`j
¸ ^j ac` jspjnkfkncgh mhs C`jxhs gj
Ujfjrj`nkc
Ujmcnkh`cghs
nh`
jm
Ujqujrkikj`th 8
Gj`trh gj mc sjnnkþ` C`ãmksks gj mc ^hmunkþ`
sj ac` gjsnrkth mhs skoukj`tjs ktjis2
Gjtcmmj
gj
mc
shmunkþ`
Kipcnth
j`
mc
hpjrctkvc
Cnnjshs
K`gkquj sk sj ac` gjtcmmcgh mhs skoukj`tjs
ktjis
gj
mc
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
Gjsnrkpnkþ`
sjnnkþ`2
tën`kncs
gjm
gjtcmmcgcs
gjscrrhmmh
gjm
rjqujrkikj`th
Hebjths
Hebjths
gj
gj
ecsj
Cpmkncnkþ`
gj
gcths
Wkjiphs jstkicghs pcrc mc ctj`nkþ` gjm
rjqujrkikj`th
Nhipmjbkgcg gjm Ujqujrkikj`th
¸ ^j ac jspjnkfkncgh sk sj rjqujrkrã h `h
Ncpcnktcnkþ` cm usucrkh 8
¸ ^j ac k`gkncgh sk acerã quj ghnuij`tcr
cmoò` ic`ucm gjm skstjic 8
¸ ^j cprheþ mc òmtkic vjrskþ` gjm ghnuij`th
gj C`ãmksks 8 K`gkncr @² vjrskþ` cp
cprhecgc
rhecgc
Fcsj Nh`strunnkþ`2 Vjr ¸^j rjvksþ jm nuipmkikj`th gj mhs jstã`gcrjs
Najndmkst gjm C`cmkstc gj mc C\@ pcrc mcs fuj`tjs8
\rhorcicghr
¸^j rjvksþ jm nuipmkikj`th gj mhs jstã`gcrjs
gj mc C\@ pcrc mcs sj`tj`nkcs gj ic`jbh gj
gcths (^SM)8
¸^j rjvksþ jm nuipmkikj`th gj mhs jstã`gcrjs
gj mc C\@ j` ^jourkgcg gj K`fhricnkþ`8
¸^j jbjnutcrh` y vcmkgcrh` mcs prujecs
u`ktcrkcs `jnjscrkcs pcrc jm Ujqujrkikj`th8
¸^j nhtjbþ mc nhrrjsph`gj`nkc quj jm nþgkoh
nh`strukgh h ihgkfkncgh fuj rjvkscgh nh` mh
jspjnkfkncgh j` ghnuij`th gj C`ãmksks8
¸^j ncrocrh` nhrrjntcij`tj mhs hebjths
nh`strukghs j` jm ACUVJ^W8
FC^J
GJ ¸^j vjrkfknþ quj mhs hebjths gjm ghn. Gj \csj
NH@^WUZNNKH@2
\rjpcrcnkþ`
c \rhgunkþ` nh`nujrgc` nh` mhs gjm
gjm ACUVJ^W8
Ciekj`tj gj \rujecs
(SC).
¸^j vjrkfknþ quj mhs hebjths gjm ghn. Gj \csj
c \rhgunkþ` nh`nujrgc` nh` mhs gjm
ACUVJ^W8
¸^j jmcehrcrh` mhs ncshs gj prujec, phr ncgc
jsnj`crkh prjsj`tcgh j` jm ghnuij`th gj
C`ãmksks,
gurc`tj
mc
jtcpc
gj
kipmjij`tcnkþ`8
FC^J
GJ
¸^j jmcehrcrh` mhs ncshs gj prujec
NH@^WUZNNKH@2
Ghnuij`th
gj `jnjscrkhs 8
Cnjptcnkh` gj \\FF y
\rujecs Fu`nkh`cmjs
¸^j shmknktþ mc cprhecnkþ` gj mhs ncshs gj
prujec8
^k fujsj u` Ujqujrkikj`th gj Ikorcnkþ` ¸^j
jspjnkfknþ jm sjrvkghr hrkoj` y gjstk`h csk
nhih mcs vjrskh`js y rjmjcsjs gj mhs
shftwcrjs k`vhmunrcghs j` mc ikorcnkh`8
¸Jm nmkj`tj cprheþ mhs ncshs gj prujec, c`tjs
gj mcs prujecs k`tjr`cs8
Ujspjnth c mcs prujecs ¸ ^j prhorcicrh` nh` c`tknkpcnkþ` mcs
prujecs fu`nkh`cmjs
fu`nkh`cmjs 8
¸ Mcs prujecs fu`nkh`cmjs sj mmjvcrh` c nceh
j` mc ahrc prhorcicgc8 K`gkncr ihtkvh gj
rjtrcsh
¸ Mcs prujecs fu`nkh`cmjs sj mmjvcrh` c nceh
gj fhric nhrrjntc 8
¸ ^j oj`jrcrh` nhij`tcrkhs / hnurrj`nkcs
nhih rjsumtcgh gj mcs prujecs fu`nkh`cmjs 8
¸ ^j nh`fkriþ mc ncpcnktcnkþ` 8
¸ ^j rjqukjrj ncrtkmmc gj usucrkhs 8
¸ ^j oj`jrcrh` ghnuij`ths c`jxhs 8 K`gkncr
¸
^h`
`jnjscrkhs
rjqujrkikj`ths
nhipmjij`tcrkhs 8
¸ Mcs k`nkgj`nkcs gj mcs prujecs fu`nkh`cmjs
fujrh` rjokstrcgcs j` mc mkstc gj k`nkgj`nkcs8
¸ Mcs prujecs gj skstjics sj mmjvcrh` c nceh
gj fhric nhrrjntc 8
¸ Mcs k`nkgj`nkcs gj mcs prujecs gj skstjics
fujrh` rjokstrcgcs j` mc mkstc gj k`nkgj`nkcs8
Fcsj
gj
Wrc`sknkþ`2 ¸ ^j cntucmkzh mc mkstc gj ktjrcnkh`js 8
\csj c \rhgunnkþ`.
Ujspjnth c mhs hebjths ¸ ^j jspjnkfknc` mhs rjqukskths `jnjscrkhs 8
pcrc
jm
pcsj
gj
¸ ^j k`gkncrh` mhs hebjths nhipkmcghs 8
prhgunnkþ`
¸ ^j k`gkncrh` mhs hebjths fuj`tjs 8
¸ ^j k`gkncrh` mhs snrkpts gj ecsj gj gcths 8
¸ Js `jnjscrkh rjcmkzcr cmoò` rjokstrh gj
prhorcics j` jm
jm skstjic 8
¸Mhs crnakvhs ij`nkh`cghs j` jm ghnuij`th
gj \csj c \rhgunnkþ` ssjj j`nuj
j`nuj`trc`
`trc` thgcs j`
mc vkstc "VJU^KH@J^" gjm ACUVJ^W gjm
rjspjntkvh
pcqujtj
j`
mc
vkstc
"C\UHECNKÞ@XGJ^CUUHMMH8
¸Mhs hebjths y jbjnutcemjs gjfk`kghs j` ghn.
Gj C`ãmksks sh` koucmjs c mhs gjm Ghn. \csj
\rhgunnkþ`8
¸ ^j jspjnkfknc` mhs rjqukskths `jnjscrkhs 8
¸ ^j k`gknh jm prhnjgkikj`th c sjoukr 8
Ujspjnth gjm \csj c
¸ ^j jspjnkfknh sk js `jnjscrkh cmou`c
\rhgunnkþ`
nh`fkourcnkþ` j` jm nmkj`tj 8
¸ ^j k`gknþ mc ktjcnkþ` c jbjnutcr 8
Fcsj
gj
Wrc`sknkþ`2 ¸^j prjpcrþ ictjrkcm pcrc ncpcnktcnkþ` c mhs
Ncpcnktcnkþ`
usucrkhs8
¸^j rjcmkzþ ncpcnktcnkþ` c mhs usucrkhs8
Fcsj
gj
Wrc`sknkþ`2 ¸^j cntucmkzcrh` mhs ic`ucmjs8
Ghnuij`tcnkþ`
J`nujstc
^ctksfcnnkþ`
gj ¸^j cntucmkzþ mc k`fhricnkþ` pcrc jm j`véh gj
j`nujstcs gj sctksfcnnkþ`8
J` skoukj`tj NajndMkst gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg sjrã utkmkzcgh pcrc mcs \rujecs K`tjorcmjs
CNNKÕ@
^j jbjnutc mc cnnkþ`
Wjic
^K
Ecsj gj Gcths
Zscr cmkcs pcrc k`gj`tkfkncr mcs tcemcs.
Nuc`gh sj rjcmknj u` k`sjrt gjnmcrcr thghs mhs
nciphs quj vc` c acnjr k`sjrtcghs.
Nhmhncr `hierj c thgcs mcs mmcvjs prkicrkcs,
é`gknjs y rjstrknnkh`js gj k`tjorkgcg nrjcgcs.
@h sj gjej nrjcr hebjths nh` `hierjs phr
hikskþ`.
@H
@h sj gjejrã utkmkzcr grhp tcemj scmvh sjc`
tjiphrcmjs. ^k js `jnjscrkc mc jmkik`cnkþ` gjm
hebjth, sj gjej bustkfkncr k`gknã`ghmh j` jm
ghnuij`th pcsj c SC/\rhgunnkþ`
Mcs sj`tj`nkcs K@^JUW,Z\GCWJ gje` k`nmukr
mhs
nciphs
gj
cugkthréc
(usucrkh
gj
^jourkgcg gj Ecsj gj nrjcnkþ`,fjnac gj nrjcnkþ`, K\ gj mc tjrik`cm gj
Gcths
mc nrjcnkþ`, usucrkh gj ihgkfkncnkþ`, fjnac gj
ihgkfkncnkþ`,
K\
gj
mc
tjrik`cm
gj
ihgkfkncnkþ`).
^jourkgcg
gj
mc Nrjcnkþ` h ihgkfkncnkþ` gj hebjths j` mc
cpmkncnkþ`
cpmkncnkþ`
Ihgkfknc jm iþgumh gj sjourkgcg
^jourkgcg y Cugkthréc
Mhs prkvkmjokhs `h gjej` hthrocrsj nh` wkta
orc`t hptkh`
@h csko`cr rhmjs gj cgik`kstrcghr c mhs
usucrkhs
Mc csko`cnkþ` gj prkvkmjokhs gjej gcrsj gj
ihgh quj jm usucrkh tj`oc shmh c mhs hebjths h
cnnkh`js `jnjscrkhs pcrc nuipmkr sus fu`nkh`js.
Ncejnjrc ^j gjtcmmc mc k`fhricnkþ` rjmcnkh`cgc
cm Ujqujrkikj`th
tcm nhih
jm `hierj
Ghnuij`th \C^J SC ,prhvjjghr c ncroh, skstjic,prhnjsh, `òijrh gj
rjqujrkikj`th, tkph gj rjqujrkikj`th, fjnac gj
vjrskþ` y `òijrh gj vjrskþ` gjm ghnuij`th.
^j gjej nh`skgjrcr mc skoukj`tj jstrunturc gj
gkrjnthrkhs pcrc mhs snrkpts ^j`tj`nkc /Ncrpjtc
Acrvjst/Wkph gj ^nrkpt GIM (Z\GCWJ
GJMJWJ K@^JUW) ^nrkpt /Gcths GIM
Crnakvhs ^SM Mhcgjr (gcths y nh`trhm) ^nrkpt
gcths jxtj`skþ` gjm crnakvh Wcemcs (nrjctj cmtjr
grhp)
J` skoukj`tj NajndMkst gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg sjrã utkmkzcgh pcrc jm \csj gj \rhgunnkþ`
Wjic
CNNKÕ@
Nciekh j` k`fhricnkþ` gj Ecsj gj Gcths
(sjmjnt k`sjrt upgctj gjmjtj)
Ecsj gj Gcths
GGM2 Nciekh j` jstrunturc gj mc ecsj gj gcths
(nrjctj,rjvhdj, orc`t,cmtjr)
GNM2 Nh`trhm gj prkvkmjokhs j` ecsj gj gcths
^jourkgcg gj Ecsj gj ^hmknktug gj nrjcnkþ` h ihgkfkncnkþ` gj
Gcths
^jourkgcg
cpmkncnkþ`
usucrkhs j` ecsj gj gcths
gj
mc Nrjcnkþ` h ihgkfkncnkþ` gj usucrkh j` mc
cpmkncnkþ`
^j jbjnutc mc cnnkþ`
3.:.7 Cnnkh`js nhrrjntkvcs rjnhij`gcgcs
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs, Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
56 gj Cerkm gjm 5<3<
Kipmjij`tcr u` rjphskthrkh gj nh`hnkikj`th (DI) j` gh`gj sj oucrgj` mhs ghnuij`ths gj mhs
prhyjnths y mcs
mcs mjnnkh`js cprj
cprj`gkgcs.
`gkgcs.
Kipmjij`tcr u` ijnc`ksih gj nhiu`kncnkþ` hphrtu`c pcrc k`fhricr sherj jm jstcgh gjm prhyjnth
véc gkrjnthrkh nhipcrtkgh. J` pcrcmjmh nhiu`kncr véc jickm sherj mc k`fhricnkþ` shmknktcgc.
^k jxkstj` rjtrcshs j` jm nuipmkikj`th gj cmou`c cntkvkgcg utkmkzcr mhs tkjiphs gj ahmourc pcrc
jvktcr trcecbcr ahrcs jxtrcs.
Jstcemjnjr rju`kh`js quk`nj`cmjs nh` jm nmkj`tj pcrc rjvkscr mhs cvc`njs gjm prhyjnth y ic`jbcr
phskemjs nhij`tcrkhs
nhij`tcrkhs y/h hesjrvc
hesjrvcnkh`js
nkh`js
Jm nh`trcth k`nmuyc ic`tj`kikj`th gj phst kipmjij`tcnkþ` pcrc csjourcr mc fu`nkh`cmkgcg gjm
prhgunth.
Csko`cr u` rjsph`scemj gj ic`tj`jr mc k`fhricnkþ` gjm prhyjnth cntucmkzcgc y nj`trcmkzcgc.
3.:.: Cnnkh`js prjvj`tkvcs rjnhij`gcgcs
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs, Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
56 gj Cerkm gjm 5<3<
Gjfk`kr mhs rjqujrkikj`ths gj fhric nmcrc.
Jstcemjnjr u` prhnjgkikj`th pcrc ic`jbh y ojstkþ` gj ghnuij`ths nh`fkgj`nkcmjs.
Gjscrrhmmcr u` pmc` gj j`trj`cikj`th y ncpcnktcnkþ` pcrc jm jqukph gjm prhyjnth.
Nh`skgjrcr u` ciekj`tj jspjnkcm pcrc mcs prujecs
Nh`skgjrcr u` ciekj`tj prj-prhgunnkþ`
Mhs nc`cmjs gj nhiu`kncnkþ` gjej` sjr gkfu`gkghs j`trj jm jqukph gjm prhyjnth y mhs stcdjahmgjr
pcrc jvktcr prhemjics
prhemjics k``jnjscrkhs.
3.6 Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ukjsohs
3.6.3 \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Ukjsoh
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
3< gj icyh 5<3<
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj mc ijthghmhoéc gj ojstkþ` gjm rkjsoh c sjr uscgc2
Whrij`tcs gj kgjcs
C`ãmksks FHGC
Ictrkz gj prhecekmkgcg j kipcnth
Gjfk`knkþ` gj jsncmcs gj kipcnth pcrc mhs hebjtkvhs gjm prhyjnth
K`fhricnkþ` akstþrknc gj htrhs prhyjnths.
Uhmjs y rjsph`scekmkgcgjs
Uhm
C`cmkstc gj Ukjsohs
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Ikjierh(s) gjm jqukph
Ujsph`scemj gjm \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Ojrj`tj gj prhyjnth
Ukjsoh
C`cmkzcr
nuc`tktctkvcij`tj
y
nucmktctkvcij`tj mhs rkjsohs
Ih`kthrjcr y jvcmucr mhs rkjsohs
prhorjskvcij`tj
Ujcmkzcr sjoukikj`th k`tj`skvh c mcs
cnnkh`js c mhs rkjsohs gj kipcnth y
prhecekmkgcg cmtc
\rjsupujsth2
^j gjstk`c $ ?:<<.<< pcrc mc ojstkþ` gj mhs rkjsohs
Frjnuj`nkc2
Mhs rkjsohs y su c`ãmksks sj rjcmkzcrã` quk`nj`cmij`tj j` mc rju`kþ` gj rkjsohs nh` jm jqukph
gjm prhyjnth, gh`gj sj k`fhricrã mc sktucnkþ` gj mhs rkjsohs cntucmkzcgh nh` su rjspjntkvh
pmc` gj nh`tk`oj`nkc
nh`tk`oj`nkc y shmunkh`j
shmunkh`jss cmtjr`ctkvcs.
3.6.5 Kgj`tkfkncnkþ` gj Ukjsohs „ C`ãmksks Fhgc
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
3< gj icyh 5<3<
Fhrtcmjzcs2
3. Mhs pctrhnk`cghrjs jstã` ceshmutcij`tj nh`vj`nkghs gj mc kiphrtc`nkc gjm prhyjnth
5. ^j ac nh`trctcgh c u` jqukph gj prhyjnth nh` jxpjrkj`nkc kiphrtc`tj pcrc jstj tkph gj
prhyjnths
>. Jm prjsupujsth gjm prhyjnth sj j`nuj`trc cprhecgh y csjourcgh
7. Jm prhgunth ac skgh gjscrrhmmcgh j` htrcs k`stktunkh`js nh` ëxkth y euj`c cnjptcnkþ`
:. Jm jqukph gj prhyjnth nh`hnj mc tjn`hmhoéc c uscr j` jm prhyjnth
6. Mc k`frcjstrunturc k`fhriãtknc gj mc k`stktunkþ` js `ujvc y cgjnucgc
Gjekmkgcgjs2
?. \hnh nhiprhiksh gj mcs ãrjcs k`vhmunrcgcs gjm prhyjnth
1. Jm prhnjsh cntucm gj rjqujrkikj`ths `h sj j`nuj`trc ghnuij`tcgh
ghnuij`tcgh
;. Nhiu`kncnkþ` nhipmjtcij`tj gjfknkj`tj j`trj mcs ãrjcs k`vhmunrcgcs
3<. @h jxkstj` gkrjntkvcs k`tjr`cs quj ``hrij`
hrij` mhs rjqujrkikj`ths
33. Jm Jqukph gj prhyjnth shmh jstc nh`trctcgh pcrc jstj prhyjnth j` pcrtknumcr
35. K`sufknkj`tj pjrsh`cm gj WK pcrc jm shphrtj j` mc hpjrctkvkgcg gjm skstjic
Hphrtu`kgcgjs2
3. Ijbhrcr mc kicoj` frj`tj c mc mcs
m cs ãrjcs usucrkcs gj ctj`nkþ`
5. Ctj`gjr mc icyhr nc`tkgcg gj rjqujrkikj`ths pcrc nuipmkr nh` jm prjsupujsth
>. Cgqukrkr jxpjrkj`nkc j` cuthictkzcnkþ` gj prhnjshs jstã`gcrjs pcrc cuthictkzcnkh`js
futurcs
7. ^jr mc prkijrc j`tkgcg gjm sjnthr j` uscr mc tjn`hmhoéc
t jn`hmhoéc E\I
Cij`czcs2
3. Ujskstj`nkc cm nciekh phr pcrtj gjm pjrsh`cm hpjrctkvh
5. K`nuipmkikj`th gjm prhvjjghr j` mc j`trjoc gj mcs mknj`nkcs y gjm acrgwcrj `jnjscrkh
>. Gksphsknkþ` gjm IWN phr kipmjij`tcr htrh JU\ (^KOC-IJF)
7. Nciekhs nh`stc`tjs j` mhs skstjics sctëmktjs
3.6.> Ujokstrh gj mhs Ukjsohs gjm \rhyjnth
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2 Cuthictkzcnkþ` gj
gjmm \rhnjsh gj Ctj
Ctj`nkþ`
`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`
Ujqujrkikj`ths
ths j` mc C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
3< gj icyh 5<3<
@HWC2 J`uijrj thghs mhs rkjsohs kgj`tkfkncghs gjm prhyjnth gj`trh gj ncgc nctjohréc. Nh`sjrvj
jstc k`fhricnkþ` pcrc su rjfjrj`nkc c trcvës
t rcvës gjm prhnjsh gj mc ojrj`nkc gj rkjsoh2
Ukjsohs tën`knhs
3. @h gksph`jr gj mc pmctcfhric tjn`hmþo
tjn`hmþoknc
knc j` jm ihij`th hp
hphrtu`h
hrtu`h
5. Vum`jrcekmkgcg gj k`fhricnkþ` cm `h jstcr jstcemjnkghs mcs phmétkncs gj sjourkgcg gj
k`fhricnkþ` j` mc k`stktunkþ`
>. \hskemjs prhemjics gj k`tjrfcsj nh` jm skstjic ^KCF
^ KCF cm nciekcr c `ujvcs vjrskh`js
7. Ncpcnkgcg gj prhnjscikj`th mkiktcgh cntucm j` mhs jqukphs gj mhs usurchs pujgj` oj`jrcr
trc`scnnkh`js mj`tcs
Ukjsohs gj ojstkþ`
3. Jbjnunkþ` gjm prhyjnth j` pcrcmjmh gj Vj`tc`kmmc Ò`knc jm nucm phgréc nhiprhijtjr mhs
rjnurshs k`fhriãtknhs csko`cgh cm prhyjnth.
5. K`nuipmkikj`th gj mhs prhvjjghrjs rjspjnth c mcs fjnacs gj kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mcs pmctcfhric
>. \hskemj gjfknkj`nkc gj nhiu`kncnkþ` j`trj jm jqukph gj prhyjnth y mcs ãrjcs usucrkcs.
Ukjsohs hroc`kzcnkh`cmjs
3. Nciekh gj prkhrkgcgjs gj ocsth j` mc k`stktunkþ`
5. \hskemjs rjgjfk`knkþ` gj prhnjshs gjekgh c mc nh`trctcnkþ` gj u`c nh`sumthréc
>. \hskemj rjstrunturcnkþ` k`stktunkh`cm
7. Cmtc rhtcnkþ` gj pjrsh`cm gj mcs ãrjcs k`vhmunrcgcs
Ukjsohs jxtjr`hs
3. Gksphsknkþ` gjm ohekjr`h j` rjgunnkþ` gjm prjsupujsth gjm jstcgh j` oj`jrcm gjekgh c mcs
m cs nrksks
jnh`þikncs k`tjr`cnkh`cmjs (ijgkgcs gj custjrkgcg).
3.6.7 Ictrkz gj prhecekmkgcg j kipcnth gj mhs rkjsohs
Jvcmucnkþ` Nucmktctkvc gj mhs Ukjsohs gjm \rhyjnth
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
3< gj icyh 5<3<
Cntucm
Ukjsoh
Ujspujstc Cnnkþ`
Cnnkþ` c thicr
Cnhrgcr pj`cmkgcgjs cm prhvjjghr
quj k`nuipmc nh` erk`gcr mc
pmctcfhric j` mc fjnac cnhrgcgc
\rhecekmkgcg Kipcnth \rkhrkgcg
@h gksph`jr gj mc pmctcfhric tjn`hmþoknc j` jm ihij`th
hphrtu`h
<.5
<.?
<.37
Wrc`sfjrkr Jvcmucr
Vum`jrcekmkgcg gj k`fhricnkþ` cm `h jstcr jstcemjnkghs mcs
<.>
phmétkncs gj sjourkgcg gj k`fhricnkþ` j` mc k`stktunkþ`
<.6
<.31
Iktkocr
Ctj`nkþ`
K`ijgkctc
\mc`tjcr jm prhyjnth gj sjourkgcg
gj k`fhricnkþ` nhih prkhrktcrkh
\hskemjs prhemjics gj k`tjrfcsj nh` jm skstjic ^KCF cm
<.:
nciekcr c `ujvcs vjrskh`js
<.:
<.5:
Iktkocr
Ctj`nkþ`
K`ijgkctc
Ujcmkzcr u` cnujrgh k`stktunkh`cm
gj nhmcehrcnkþ` tën`knc
Ncpcnkgcg gj prhnjscikj`th mkiktcgh cntucm j` mhs jqukphs
<.5
gj mhs usurchs pujgj` oj`jrcr trc`scnnkh`js mj`tcs
<.5
<.<7
Cnjptcr
Ih`kthrjcr
Ujnhij`gcr mc cgquksknkþ` gj
nhiputcghrcs `ujvcs
Jbjnunkþ` gjm prhyjnth j` pcrcmjmh gj Vj`tc`kmmc Ò`knc jm nucm
phgréc nhiprhijtjr mhs rjnurshs k`fhriãtknhs csko`cgh cm <.3
prhyjnth
<.6
K`nuipmkikj`th gj mhs prhvjjghrjs rjspjnth c mcs fjnacs gj
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mcs pmctcfhric
<.5
<.6
<.<6
<.35
Wrc`sfjrkr Jvcmucr
Csjourcr mhs rjnurshs nh` mc cmtc
gkrjnnkþ`
Wrc`sfjrkr Jvcmucr
Cnhrgcr pj`cmkgcgjs cm prhvjjghr
quj k`nuipmc nh` erk`gcr mc
pmctcfhric j` mc fjnac cnhrgcgc
Iktkocr
Ctj`nkþ`
K`ijgkctc
Ujnhrgcr mc rjcmkzcnkþ` gj tcmmjrjs
y cnnkh`js gj rjnupjrcnkþ` gj
nhiu`kncnkh`js
<.<7
Jvktcr
Ih`kthrjcr
Csjourcr jm prjsupujsth
<.:
<.3:
Iktkocr
Jvcmucr
Jstcemjnjr
jstã`gcrjs
<.>
<.>
<.<;
Wrc`sfjrkr Jvcmucr
<.:
<.7
<.5
Iktkocr
\hskemj gjfknkj`nkc gj nhiu`kncnkþ` j`trj jm jqukph gj
prhyjnth y mcs ãrjcs usucrkcs
<.6
<.?
<.75
Nciekh gj prkhrkgcgjs gj ocsth j` mc k`stktunkþ`
<.3
<.7
\hskemj rjgjfk`knkþ` gj prhnjshs gjekgh c mc nh`trctcnkþ` gj
<.>
u`c nh`sumthréc
\hskemj rjjstrunturcnkþ` k`stktunkh`cm
Cmtc rhtcnkþ` gj pjrsh`cm gj mcs ãrjcs k`vhmunrcgcs
Gksphsknkþ` gjm ohekjr`h j` rjgunnkþ` gjm prjsupujsth gjm
jstcgh j` oj`jrcm gjekgh c mcs nrksks jnh`þikncs <.5
k`tjr`cnkh`cmjs (ijgkgcs gj custjrkgcg)
<.?
<.37
Cnjptcr
Gjfk`kr rhmjs y rjsph`scekmkgcgjs
nmcrhs nh` mhs ojrj`tjs gj ãrjcs
Ctj`nkþ`
K`ijgkctc
Ghnuij`tcr
prhnjgkikj`ths
Jvcmucr
\mc`tjcr c mc cmtc gkrjnnkþ` mc
phskekmkgcg
3.? Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ujnurshs Auic`hs
3.?.3 Hroc`korcic gjm jqukph gjm prhyjnth.
󰁏󰁪󰁵󰁪󰁠󰁷󰁪 󰁧󰁪 󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁻󰁪󰁮󰁷󰁨
󰁜󰁣󰁨󰁭󰁣 󰁃󰁾󰁪󰁠󰁮󰁫󰁨󰁾
󰁃󰁠󰁣󰁭󰁫󰁾󰁷󰁣 󰁧󰁪 󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁮󰁪󰁾󰁨󰁾
󰁃󰁠󰁣󰁭󰁫󰁾󰁷󰁣 󰁆󰁺󰁠󰁮󰁫󰁨󰁠󰁣󰁭
󰁃󰁠󰁣󰁭󰁫󰁾󰁷󰁣 󰁧󰁪 󰁓.󰁃.
󰁕󰁪󰁾󰁼󰁨󰁠󰁾󰁣󰁥󰁭󰁪 gj
󰁎󰁣󰁵󰁭󰁨󰁾 󰁀󰁨󰁶󰁨󰁣
󰁕󰁺󰁥󰃫󰁠 󰁏󰃾󰁩󰁪󰁲
󰁄󰁣󰁵󰁪󰁠 󰁅󰁨󰁮󰁣󰁠󰁪󰁯󰁵󰁣
Kipmjij`tcnkþ` \m.
Ncrmhs Ncrrkþ`
󰁃󰁠󰁣󰁭󰁫󰁾󰁷󰁣
󰁇󰁨󰁮󰁺󰁩󰁪󰁠󰁷󰁣󰁧󰁨󰁵󰁣
󰁎󰁣󰁼󰁣󰁮󰁫󰁷󰁣󰁧󰁨󰁵󰁣
󰁜󰁵󰁨󰁯󰁵󰁣󰁩󰁣󰁧󰁨󰁵
󰁎󰁣󰁵󰁭󰁣 󰁗󰁣󰁵󰁣󰁲󰁨󰁠󰁣
󰁎󰁪󰁮󰁫󰁭󰁫󰁣 󰁕󰁨󰁾󰁣󰁧󰁫󰁨
󰁕󰁨󰁾󰁣 󰁎󰁣󰁠󰁧󰃩󰁣, 󰁉󰁣󰁵󰁫󰁨
3.?.5 Ictrkz gj Csko`cnkþ` gj Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
rjqujrkikj`ths
rhmjs
y
Ictrkz
gj
Csko`cnkþ`
gj
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs (UCI)
J`trjocemj
Ojrj`tj
C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc
gj
gj
Fu`nkh`cm \rhorcicghr S.C.
\rhyjnth
\rhnjshs
\chmc
Ncrmhs
Uuej`
Uhsc
Dcrj`
Csj`nkhs
@hvhc
Oþijz
Nc`géc,
Ehnc`jorc
U
J`u`nkcgh gjm \rhyjnth
U
JGW
U
Nrh`horcic gjm \rhyjnth
U
Ujqukskths gj Ujnurshs gj mcs cntkvkgcgjs
U
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
U
Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
U
Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
U
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg
U
@hrics gj Ncmkgcg @jnjscrkcs
U
Mkstc gj Nh`trhm gj Ncmkgcg
U
Cnnkh`js Nhrrjntkvcs y \rjvj`tkvcs
U
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ukjsohs
U
C`ãmksks FHGC gj mhs rkjsohs
U
Ujokstrh gj Ukjsohs
U
Ictrkz gj \rhecekmkgcg gj Kipcnth gj mhs U
Ukjsohs
Hroc`korcic gjm Jqukph gjm \rhyjnth
U
Ictrkz gj Csko`cnkþ` gj Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
U
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj Uhmjs y Ncrohs
U
Gkrjnthrkh gjm Jqukph gj \rhyjnth
U
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mcs Nhiu`kncnkh`js
U
\mc` gj mc Ojstkþ` gj mcs Cgquksknkh`js
U
J`u`nkcgh gj Wrcecbh
U
Ghnuij`tcghrc Ncpcnktcghrc Ujsph`scemj gj
kipmjij`tcnkþ`
gj mc pmctcfhric
Icrkh Creuru
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
C`cmkstc
Ncrmc Wcrczh`c
Njnkmkc
Uhscgkh
Ncrmhs Ncrrkþ`
Cnnkh`js Nhrrjntkvcs Ujnhij`gcgcs
U
Cnnkh`js \rjvj`tkvcs Ujnhij`gcgcs
U
Mjnnkh`js Cprj`gkgcs
U
Cntc gj Cnjptcnkþ`
U
Nh`trcth gj Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj \mctcfhric
U
Nh`trcth gj Ic`tj`kikj`th
U
E\I k`stcmcgh
K
U
Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh
U
Jstã`gcrjs gj Cuthictkzcnkþ`
U
Ihgjmh gj Ujqukskths
U
Nhiph`j`tjs gj Ujqujrkikj`ths
K
U,K
\
Nhiph`j`tjs Nhiprc Gkrjntc
K
U,K
\
Nhiph`j`tjs \rhnjsh gj ^jmjnnkþ`
K
U,K
\
Ncshs gj \rujec Fu`nkh`cmjs Cprhecghs
U
Ncshs gj \rujec gj K`tjorcnkþ` cprhecghs
U
Csjourcikj`th gj Ncmkgcg Cprhecgh
U
Wcmmjr gj Ncpcnktcnkþ`
U,\
Ic`ucm Wën`knh
U
Ic`ucm gj Zsucrkh
U
Ihgjmh gj Gjspmkjouj Cprhecgh
U
Cntc gj \csj c \rhgunnkþ`
U
Fu`nkþ` quj rjcmkzc jm Uhm j` jm j`trjocemj
U 9 Ujsph`scemj
Js jm rjsph`scemj gjm j`trjocemj
\ 9 \crtknkpc
\crtknkpc j` mc nh`strunnkþ`/jmcehrcnkþ` gjm j`trjocemj
K 9 K`fhricgh
Js k`fhricgh gjm rjsumtcgh gjm j`trjocemj
V 9 Vjrkfkncnkþ` rjqujrkgc
\crtknkpc j` jm nh`trhm gj ncmkgcg gjm j`trjocemj
H 9 Hpk`kþ` rjqujrkgc
\crtknkpc nhih Jxpjrth
C 9 Cuthrkzc
Cuthrkzc mc j`trjoc gjm j`trjocemj
F 9 Fkric rjqujrkgc
Jm j`trjocemj rjqukjrj su fkric
\
U
\
\
3.?.> Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj rhmjs y ncrohs
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
5;/<7/5<3<
@hierj gjm Uhm2 Ojrj`tj
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gjm Cmnc`nj
J`u`nkcgh gjm \rhyjnth
JGW
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
Jstkicnkþ` gj mhs Nhsths
Mé`jc Ecsj gjm Nhsth
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj Ncmkgcg
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mhs Ukjsohs
C`ãmksks FHGC gj mhs rkjsohs
Ujokstrh gj Ukjsohs
Ictrkz gj \rhecekmkgcg gj Kipcnth gj mhs Ukjsohs
Hroc`korcic gjm Jqukph gjm \rhyjnth
Ictrkz gj Csko`cnkþ` gj Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj Uhmjs y Ncrohs
Gkrjnthrkh gjm Jqukph gj \rhyjnth
\rh yjnth
\mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mcs Nhiu`kncnkh`j
Nhiu`kncnkh`jss
\mc` gj mc Ojstkþ` gj mcs Cgquksknkh`js
J`u`nkcgh gj Wrcecbh
Cnnkh`js Nhrrjntkvcs Ujnhij`gcgc
Ujnhij`gcgcss
Cnnkh`js \rjvj`tkvcs Ujnhij`gcgc
Ujnhij`gcgcss
Mjnnkh`js Cprj`gkgcs
Cntc gj Cnjptcnkþ`
Nhipjtj`nkcs
Ncpcnkgcgjs22
Wrcecbh j` jqukph, hrkj`tcnkþ` cm mhorh, k`tjorkgcg, kgj`tkfkncnkþ` nh` mc hroc`kzcnkþ`,
mkgjrczoh, hrkj`tcnkþ` cm nmkj`tj, pj`scikj`th c`cmétknh, k`knkctkvc, kipcnth j k`fmuj`nkc.
Cskiksih, trcecbh ecbh prjskþ`, ncpcnkgcg gj gkrkokr vcrkhs prhyjnths y jqukphs gj trcecbh j`
skiumtã`jh, gksph`kekmkgcg pcrc trcecbcr fujrc gj ahrc gj hfknk`c h fk`js gj sjic`c sk js quj
fujsj `jnjscrkh.
Nh`hnkikj`th2
K`oj`kjréc gj skstjics.
Nh` jstugkhs gj Ojstkþ` Cgik`kstrctkvc
@hrics K^H
Jstã`gcrjs gj Ncmkgcg
NIIK
Wën`kncs gj jstkicnkþ` gj nhsths, prjsupujsths y fh`ghs hpjrcnkh`cmjs.
Ojrj`nkc gj prhyjnths ecscgh j` \IEHD
Acekmkgcgjs
: cóhs gj jxpjrkj`nkc j` k`oj`kjréc gj skstjics y rjqujrkikj`ths
> cóhs gj jxpjrkj`nkc j` ojrj`nkc gj prhyjnths.
prh yjnths.
3 cóh gj jxpjrkj`nkc j` ic`jbh gj ncmkgcg.
5 cóhs gj jxpjrkj`nkc nhih c`cmkstc gj skstjics.
Ic`jbh gj nh`fmknths.
Mkgjrczoh
Cuthrkgcg
@òijrh
Jstkicgh
Fjnac k`knkh
Fjnac gj rjtkrh
Wkjiph rjqujrkgh
3
56/<7/5<3<
<?/<7/5<33
Wkjiph pcrnkcm, 7 ahrcs gkcrkcs, > gécs phr
sjic`c
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
5;/<7/5<3<
@hierj gjm Uhm2 C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Nhiph`j`tjs gj Ujqujrkikj`ths
Nhiph`j`tjs Nhiprc Gkrjntc
Nhiph`j`tjs \rhnjsh gj ^jmjnnkþ`
Ic`ucm Wën`knh
Nhipjtj`nkcs
Ncpcnkgcgjs2
\rhcntkvh.
Wrcecbh ecbh prjskþ`.
Ujskstj`nkc cm strjss
\jrsh`c nh` iuy euj`c ncpcnkgcg c`cmétknc y tën`knc, hrkj`tcghs cm trcecbh j` jqukph
Nh`hnkikj`th2
K`oj`kjréc gj skstjic.
Acekmkgcgjs
5 cóhs gj jxpjrkj`nkc nhih c`cmkstc gj skstjics. Jxpjrkj`nkc j` \M-^SM
Suj acyc trcecbcgh nh` u` whrdfmhw h E\I. 5 cóhs gj jxpjrkj`nkc ié`kih
Nh`hnkikj`th gj k`omës
Cuthrkgcg
@òijrh
Jstkicgh
5
Fjnac k`knkh
Fjnac gj rjtkrh
5;/<6/5<3<
3;/<3/5<33
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Wkjiph rjqujrkgh
Wkjiph nhipmjth, 1 ahrcs gkcrkcs, : gécs phr
sjic`c
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
5;/<7/5<3<
@hierj gjm Uhm2 C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc gj S.C.
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Ncshs gj \rujec Fu`nkh`cmjs Cprhecghs
Ncshs gj \rujec gj K`tjorcnkþ` cprhecghs
Csjourcikj`th gj Ncmkgcg Cprhecgh
Nhipjtj`nkcs
Ncpcnkgcgjs22
\rhcntkvh.
Wrcecbh ecbh prjskþ`.
Ujskstj`nkc cm strjss
Nh`hnkikj`th2
Mknj`nkcturc j` ^kstjics h ncrrjrcs cfk`js
Jstã`gcrjs gj Ncmkgcg
NIIK
Acekmkgcgjs
> cóhs gj jxpjrkj`nkc nhiprhecemj j` tcrjcs gj tjstk`o
Jxpjrkj`nkc j` rjmjvcikj`th fu`nkh`cm, gksjóh y cricgh gj tjst pmc`, gksjóh y jbjnunkþ` gj
ncshs gj prujec, jtn.
Nhiu`kncnkþ` sþmkgc y tën`knc
Ncpcnkgcg pcrc trcecbcr j` u` ciekj`tj gj jqukph gkstrkeukgh
Cmth `kvjm gj k`omës
Cuthrkgcg
@òijrh
Fjnac k`knkh
Fjnac gj rjtkrh
Wkjiph rjqujrkgh
Jstkicgh
3
5</<3/5<33
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
33/<>/5<33
C\@
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
5;/<7/5<3<
@hierj gjm Uhm2 Ncpcnktcghrc
Ncpcnktcghrc
Wcmmjr gj Ncpcnktcnkþ`
Nhipjtj`nkcs
sjic`c
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
\rjpcrcgh phr2
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs
Wkjiph nhipmjth, 1 ahrcs gkcrkcs, : gécs phr
Ncpcnkgcgjs22
\rhcntkvh.
Nh`hnkikj`th2
K`oj`kjréc gj skstjic.
Acekmkgcgjs
\mc`jcr, nhhrgk`cr y jbjnutcr mcs cntkvkgcgjs prhorcicgcs.
Acnjr sjoukikj`th y jvcmucnkþ` c mc jbjnunkþ`
Kgj`tkfkncr y ic`jbcr k`tjrgjpj`gj`nkcs
Gjfk`kr cnnkh`js gj rjfujrzh y/ rj-ncpcnktcnkþ`
Kgj`tkfkncr ijgkgcs cprhpkcgcs pcrc gkstrkeunkþ` gj ictjrkcm gj cprj`gkzcbj
\rjpcrcr gkco`þstknhs y nh`nmuskh`js
Cuthrkgcg
@òijrh
Jstkicgh
3
Fjnac k`knkh
Fjnac gj rjtkrh
37/<>/5<33
57/<>/5<33
Wkjiph rjqujrkgh
Wkjiph nhipmjth, 1 ahrcs gkcrkcs, : gécs phr
sjic`c
3.?.7 Gkrjnthrkh gjm jqukph gjm prhyjnth.
@hierj gjm prhyjnth2
prhyjnth2
\rjpcrcgh phr2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
></<7/5<3<
@hierj
Ncroh
Ojrj`tj
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Ncrmhs @hvhc
Uueë` Oþijz
Uhsc Nc`géc
Jickm
Hfknk`c
gj
\rhyjnth
C`cmkstc
Wjmëfh`h Wjmëfh`h
gj
\rhnjshs
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
C`cmkstc
\rhorcicghr
pcsj`nkhsLcp`.nhi.pj
pcsj`nkhsLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
n`hvhcLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
rohijzLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
rnc`gkcLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
Icrkh Creuru
C`cmkstc
\rhorcicghr
icreuruLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
Dcrj` Ehnc`jorc
C`cmkstc S.C.
dehnc`jorcLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
Ncrmc Wcrczh`c
Ghnuij`tcghrc
ntcrczh`cLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
Njnkmkc Uhscgkh
Ncpcnktcghrc
nrhscgkhLcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj nncrrkh`Lcp`.nhi.pj
?33<<<<
Ujsph`scemj
Ncrmhs Ncrrkþ`
mc pmctcfhric
gj
ncsc
3.1 Ojstkþ` gj mcs Nhiu`kncnkh`js
3.1.3 \mc` gj mcs Nhiu`kncnkh`js
@hierj gjm prhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
<>/<:/5<3<
K`fhricnkþ`
Ujsph`scemj
gj
rjqujrkgc
\rjsupujsth
\crc
su
j`trjoc
c
mhs
nhiu`kncnkþ`
^tcdjahmgjrs
jmcehrcrmh
Ojrj`tj gjm Bjfj
\rhyjnth
gj
Gkrjnthrc
\rjsupujsth.
gj
Iëthgh
mc
Nhiu`kncnkþ`
Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
Hfknk`c
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Gkrjnthrc Jsnrkth
\rhyjnth
Nrh`horcic
Cntc gj Uju`kh`js
Gjtcmmcgh
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
\rhyjnth.
gjm
gjm \rhyjnth
gjm \rhyjnth.
K`fhrij
\rhyjnth
gj mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj
\mc`
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
\rhyjnth.
\rhyjnth
gj K`knkh
K`fhrij
gj K`knkh gjm
\rhyjnth.
Nrh`horcic
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Gkrjnthrc Jsnrkth
gjm
K`knkh
gjm
gj \rhyjnth.
K`fhrij
gj K`knkh
gj mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj
Cntc
gj \rhyjnth.
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
Uju`kh`js.
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Gkrjnthrc Jsnrkth
gjm
gjm \rhyjnth.
K`fhrij
Akths
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Gkrjnthrc Jsnrkth
\rhyjnth
gj mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj
K`knkc
\rjsupujsth.
gj mc Hfknk`c Oj`jrcm gj
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
\mc` gjm \rhyjnth
Frjnuj`nkc
c mc
utkmkzcr
Oj`jrcm gj Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
Akths gj \rhyjnth
gj Gjsnrkpnkþ` gj
gjm
gj ^jou`gc
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
Fu`nkh`cmjs
Fu`nkh`cm
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Fcsj
js
\rhyjnth.
gjm
Fu`nkh`cmjs.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj ^jou`gc
Wën`kncs
Fu`nkh`cm
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Fcsj
js tën`kncs
\rhyjnth
gjm
gj ^jou`gc
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
gj C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
Ihgjmcikj`th
gj Fu`nkh`cm
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Fcsj
gjm
Nhij`tcrkhs
Gcths.
js
gj \rhyjnth.
Ihgjmcikj`th
gj Gcths.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
gj C`cmkstc
K`tjrfcnjs.
Fu`nkh`cm
gj ^jou`gc
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
js
Fcsj
gjm
gj \rhyjnth.
K`tjrfcnjs.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
gj C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
Ciekj`tj
gj Fu`nkh`cm
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Gjscrrhmmh
gj Wjrnjrc
Fcsj
js
gj \rhyjnth.
Ciekj`tj
gj
gjm
Gjscrrhmmh.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
Ujnurshs
gj C`cmkstc
phr Fu`nkh`cm
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Fcsj
js gj Ujnurshs
\rhyjnth.
Cntkvkgcg
gj Wjrnjrc
gjm
phr Cntkvkgcg.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
gj C`cmkstc
Acrgwcrj
Fu`nkh`cm
Jspjnkfkncnkh`js
gj C`cmkstc
^hftwcrj.
Fu`nkh`cm
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Fcsj
js gj Acrgwcrj
\rhyjnth
gj
Wjrnjrc
gjm
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj \rhyjnth.
Jspjnkfkncnkh`
Fcsj
js gj ^hftwcrj.
\rhyjnth
K`fhrij
Nucrtc Fcsj
Gjscrrhmmh gjm iþgumh
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
gj rjqujrkikj`ths
\rhyjnth
gj \rhyjnth.
gj Wjrnjrc
gjm
gjm
Gjscrrhmmh gjm gjm
iþgumh
gj \rhyjnth.
rjqujrkikj`ths
.
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj Nhiprc Gkrjntc
\rhyjnth
Gjscrrhmmh gjm gjm
gj \rhyjnth.
iþgumh
gjm
Nucrtc Fcsj
Gjscrrhmmh gjm iþgumh
gj \rhyjnth.
nhiprc gkrjntc.
Gjscrrhmmh gjm iþgumh
gj
Nhiprc
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
phr \rhyjnth
prhnjsh gj sjmjnnkþ`
gj \rhyjnth.
K`fhrij
gjm
Nucrtc Fcsj
Gjscrrhmmh gjm gjm
iþgumh
gj \rhyjnth.
nhiprc
phr
prhnjsh
gj
sjmjnnkþ`
Nciekhs ^hmknktcghs
Cqucmkty
C`cmkstc
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
Fu`nkh`cm
gj \rhyjnth.
Cssurc`nj C`cmkstc
Fu`nkh`cm
Wjst
gj Whgcs
mcs
Nciekhs
Fcsjs
gjm
^hmknktcghs.
\rhyjnth
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj \rhyjnth.
Cqucmkty
gj Suk`tc Fcsj
gjm \rhyjnth
Cssurc`nj
Wjst.
Ic`ucm
gj C`cmkstc
Ncpcnktcnkþ`
Fu`nkh`cm
C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
K`fhrij
gj ^jxtc
Fcsj
gj \rhyjnth.
Ic`ucm
gj gjm \rhyjnth
Ncpcnktcnkþ`
Ic`ucm Zsucrkh
Ojrj`tj gjm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm. Ojrj`tj Jsnrkth
\rhyjnth
gj \rhyjnth.
K`fhrij
Ic`ucm
gj ^jxtc Fcsj
gj gjm \rhyjnth
Zsucrkh.
3.; Ojstkþ` gj mcs Cgquksknkh`js
3.;.5 \mc` gj Ojstkþ` gj mcs Cgquksknkh`js
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs, Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
56 gj Bu`kh gjm 5<3<
Ujnurshs pcrc mcs cgquksknkh`js2
\crc mc cgquksknkþ` gj mc K`frcjstrunturc2
^j gjsko`c cm C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs2
Nh`trcth gj Kipmjij`tcnkþ`
Nh`trcth gj Ic`tj`kikj`th
Mcs rjsph`scekmkgcgjs
rjsph`scekmkgcgjs k`nmuyj` 2 \rjpcrcr y fhricmkzcr jm nh`trcth
\crc mc cgquksknkþ` gj mc \mctcfhric Hpjrctkvc
^j gjsko`c cm Ujsph`scemj gj Kipmjij`tcnkþ` gj mc \mctcfhric
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs2
^upjrvkscr mc k`stcmcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric hpjrctkvc
^upjrvkscr mc k`stcmcnkþ` gj mc pmctcfhric E\I
^upjrvkscr mcs prujecs k`tjorcmjs gj mc pmctcfhric
pm ctcfhric
\crc jm Ujgksjóh gj \rhnjshs
^j gjsko`c cm C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm
Ujsph`scekmkgcgjs2
^upjrvkscr y vcmkgcr mhs
m hs gkcorcics nhrrjsph`gkj`tjs
Jm ojrj`tj gj prhyjnth nh`bu`tcij`tj nh` jm C`cmkstc gj \rhnjshs y jm Ujsph`scemj gj mc
\mctcfhric fhriumcrc` y cprhecrc` mhs nh`trcths nhrrjsph`gkj`tjs.
\rhgunths y sjrvknkhs c nh`trctcr2
\crc jm gjscrrhmmh gjm prhyjnth sjrã `jnjscrkh cgqukrkr2
Ghs sjrvkghrjs 2 (K`nmuyj k`stcmcnkþ` y pujstc j` prhgunnkþ`)
Mknj`nkcs pmctcfhric E\I (K`nmuyj k`stcmcnkþ` y pujstc j` prhgunnkþ`)
^jrvknkh gj Jmcehrcnkþ` gjm Ujgksjóh gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths
Wkphs gj nh`trcth c sjr uscghs2
^joò` mcs phmétkncs gj mc hroc`kzcnkþ` y gj mcs `hrictkvcs ouejr`cij`tcmjs jm tkph gj
nh`trcth c sjr uscgh sjrã` gjm tkph \rjnkh Fkbh h ^uic Cmzcgc. Nh` jsth sj nuipmj mc mjy gj
nh`trctcnkh`js y cgquksknkh`js gjm jstcgh y sj ik`kikzc mhs rkjsohs j` mc cgquksknkþ`.
Mcs jspjnkfkncnkh`js tën`kncs y tërik`hs gj rjfjrj`nkc fhricrc` pcrtj gjm nh`trcth c fkricr.
Gknahs ghnuij`ths sjrã` jmcehrcghs phr mhs jspjnkcmkstcs gjsko`cghs pcrc mc nh`trctcnkþ`.
(^jnnkþ` Ujnurshs pcrc mcs cgquksknkh`js)
\crc fhricmkzcr jm nh`trcth sj jiktkrã` mcs þrgj`js gj nhiprc y sjrvknkh nhrrjsph`gkj`tjs.
Nrktjrkhs gj jvcmucnkþ`2
Fcnthrjs rjfjrkghs c mc jxpjrkj`nkc j` mc
m c cntkvkgcg
^j ncmkfkncrã nh`skgjrc`gh jm ih`th fcnturcgh phr jm phsthr phr mc vj`tc gj ekj`js skikmcrjs.
\mczh gj j`trjoc
^j ncmkfkncrã nh`skgjrc`gh jm ij`hr pmczh gj j`trjoc gj mhs ekj`js c cgqukrkr.
^j gjej nh`skgjrcr nhih nrktjrkh gj nhipcrcnkþ` jm rjsumtcgh gj mc k`gcocnkþ` gj ijrncgh
rjcmkzcgc phr jm ãrjc gj Mhoéstknc.
Vj`gjghrjs prjncmkfkncghs2
^j rjnhikj`gc nurscr k`vktcnkh`js c prhvjjghrjs gj tjn`hmhoécs gj k`fhricnkþ`,
rjmcnkh`cghs cm hebjth gj mc cgquksknkþ`, hetj`kghs gjm ^JCNJ nhih rjfjrj`nkcs akstþrkncs.
Jsth j` nuipmkikj`th gj mc `hrictkvkgcg vkoj`tj. @h jstã` pjriktkghs prhvjjghrjs
prjncmkfkncghs.
3.;.> J`u`nkcgh gjm Wrcecbh c Nh`trctcr
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs, Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
56 gj Bu`kh gjm 5<3<
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm j`trjocemj J.>>
@hierj gjm j`trjocemj
j`trjocemj
E\I k`stcmcgh
^j gjejrã k`stcmcr mc pmctcfhric hpjrctkvc, mc pmctcfhric gj
Cmnc`nj gjm j`trjocemj
Gurcnkþ` jstkicgc
Fjnac gj k`knkh
Fjnac gj tërik`h
Nrktjrkhs gj cnjptcnkþ`
E\I fk`cmi
fk`cmij`tj
j`tj rjcmkzcr
rjcmkzcr mcs rujecs
rujecs nhrrj
nhrrjss h`gkj
h`gkj`tjs
`tjs..
6 gkcs
3</<:/5<3<
3?/<:/5<3<
Jiprjsc
\jsh
^hmkgjz y jxpjrkj`nkc2
3<%
^hphrtj Mhncm2
5<%
Ijthghmhoéc gj kipmc`tcnkþ`2
<:%
UUAA
\jrsh`cm ncmkfkncgh2
\u`tcbj
3<%
@hierj gjm \rhyjnth2
\rhyjnth2 Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc
C\@
\rjpcrcgh phr2
\chmc Csj`nkhs, Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth
Fjnac2
56 gj Bu`kh gjm 5<3<
Kgj`tkfkncghr gjm j`trjocemj J.>7
@hierj gjm j`trjocemj
j`trjocemj
Ujgksjóh gj
gjmm \rhnjsh
^j gjejrã gjscrrhmmcr jm gkcorcic gjm prhnjsh
p rhnjsh rjgksjócgh.
Cmnc`nj gjm j`trjocemj
Gurcnkþ`
jstkicgc
Fjnac gj k`knkh
Fjnac gj tërik`h
3<
gkcs
<?/<:/5<3<
5</<:/5<3<
Jiprjsc
^hmkgjz y jxpjrkj`nkc2
\jsh
3<%
Nrktjrkhs gj cnjptcnkþ`
^hphrtj Mhncm2
3<%
Ijthghmhoéc gj kipmc`tcnkþ`2
<:%
UUAA
\jrsh`cm ncmkfkncgh2
\u`tcbj
5<%
3.3< Nkjrrj gjm \rhyjnth
3.3<.3 Cntc gj Cnjptcnkþ` gjm \rhyjnth
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
\rhyjnth2
Cuthictkzcnkþ` gjm \rhnjsh gj Ctj`nkþ` gj Ujqujrkikj`ths j` mc C\@
Nmkj`tj2
K`o. \chmc Csj`nkhs
Fjnac2
56 gj Bu`kh gj 5<3<
\crtknkpc`tjs2
Nmkj`tj2
\rhyjnth
Muz Ucihs
3. \chmc Csj`nkhs
5. Ncrmhs @hvhc
Gkrjnthrc gj mc Hfknk`c >. Uuej` Oþijz
Oj`jrcm
Cgik`kstrcnkþ`
gj
(Ojrj`tj gj \rhyjnth)
(C`cmkstc gj \rhnjsh)
(C`cmkstc Fu`nkh`cm)
7. Uhsc Nc`géc
(C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr)
:. Icrkh Creuru
(C`cmkstc \rhorcicghr)
6. Dcrj` Ehnc`jorc (C`cmkstc SC)
?. Ncrmc Wcrczh`c
(Ghnuij`tcghrc)