Transplantes de órganos en México

Transplants
By:
Francisco
Hèctor
Roberto
Outline
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What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
What is a Transplant?
A transplant is the transfer or graft of an organ from a
human donor to another. Until now, because scientists are
exploring the possibility of using pigs as donors.
The transplants are one of the biggest achievements in
modern medicine bringing life to otherwise terminal patients.
Outline
•
What is a Transplant?
•
•
Compatibility
Types of donors
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
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Background
Background
• Organ Transplants Pioneered in 1954
• Medical advance since World War Two
• Success
• Demand
• Cost
Outline
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
•
Types of donors
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
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Types of transplants
Tipes of transplants
• First the donor needs to have a genetic compatibility with
the receiver. This compatibility has a classification…
– Isotransplant
– Allotransplant
– Xenotrasplant
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Compatibility
Types of donors
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
Types of donors
live donor
•Bloodline:
relation
with
receiver (father, mother,
sibling, etc).
•No Bloodline: (Compatibility)
the
son,
Dead Donor
•Brain Dead: (Artificial Artifacts keep
them clinically alive)
•Dead
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
–
–
live donor
Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
Other requirements for a transplant…
• Compatibility exam
– Age
– Organ Condition
– Blood type
• Exams to discard any type of illness.
• Tests to evaluate the health of LIVING
donors.
Outline
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
•
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Types of donors
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
Organs
The vital organs used in trasnplants:
• Heart
• Lungs
• Liver
• Kidney
• Pancreas
• Intestines (very few)
Heart
• The
first
successful
heart
transplant was performed in 1968.
• OTPN (Organ Procurement
Transplantation Network)
• Candidates for heart transplant:
– Congenital heart disease,
– coronary artery disease
– valvular heart disease
and
Lungs
• Candidates
transplant:
for
Lung
– Chronic exposure to
cigarettes
and
chemicals
• OTPN
(Organ
Procurement
and
Transplantation
Network)
• As of April 2003, more
than 3000 people.
Liver
• The liver is an organ that
performs many functions. It
produces
bile
to
aid
digestion, extracts toxins
and synthesizes nutrients in
the blood.
• OTPN
Kidney
• The kidney filters
waste material from
the
blood
and
manufacture urine.
• OTPN
(Organ
Procurement
and
Transplantation
Network)
Pancreas
• The pancreas has two
different functions that
assist in the processing
of food.
• OTPN (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network)
• A pancreas disease is
detected, when these
functions
are
not
properly carried out.
• As of April, 2003, 1,414
people in the United
States.
Intestines
• Portions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as
the stomach and the small and large
intestines, may also be transplanted.
• As of April 2003, there were 185 people
waiting
for
intestinal
transplants.
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
Types of tissue that can be
donated
Bones
• Bones support the
body and protect the
vital organs.
• About 700,000 bone
grafts are done yearly
Bones that may be
recovered include:
– Iliac crest (hip bones).
– Femur (thigh bones)
– Humerus (arm bones)
Corneas
• The
cornea
is
a
colorless covering over
the lens of the eye that
acts as a filter to
refract light.
• And in 2002, more than
33,000 people in the
United States received
cornea
transplant.
Tendons
• Tendons are like rubber bands that attach
muscle to bone.
• Tendons recovered from deceased donors may
be used to replace or strengthen damaged
tissue in the knee or other joints.
Skin
• Transplanted skin is mostly used to
treat burn patients.
• Skin is removed from deceased donors
in thin layers
• If the recovered skin is too small to
treat burns
Veins
• Femoral veins from
the thighs are
removed from
deceased donors
and used for heart
bypass surgery.
Bone Marrow
• The bone marrow transplant is
widely use as a treatment for
leukemias and other blood forming
diseases.
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
81,665
Disadvantages of transplants
•Immunosuppressive drugs
•Body rejection
•The immunological resistance of an organism to the grafting or implantation of
foreign tissue
•Hyperacute rejection
•Acute rejection
•Chronic rejection
Advantages of transplants
•Reverse Anemia
•Freedom for dialysis treatment
•RESTORE HEALTH AND LIFE
Outline
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
•
– live donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
•
•
New types of transplants
Bibliography
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•
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Organ Donation in Mexico
Donation in Mexico
•the government has an organization called National
Program of Transplants.
•It is easy to donate organs when you die.
•Few paperwork
•Moral debate, in which the right of the life is discussed.
•Organ donations are regulated by the law
•Organ sale in the Black market
•Why is there not enough organ donation?
The lack of information to make our society aware
of this need.
Outline
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
•
•
– Alive donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
•
Bibliography
•
•
•
•
New types of transplants
New types of transplants
• The use of pigs as donors,
for kidney transplants
• Transplants of:
–
–
–
–
cartilague
Stem cells
A complete hand
Pancreatic beta cells (a
possible cure for diabetes)
• Cloning as the solution to
the shortage of organ
donors
Questions and participation
•How are Transplants and cloning related?
•Different types of Transplants:
•Definition of Transplant:
•Advantages of Transplants:
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What is a Transplant?
Background
Compatibility
Types of donors
– Alive donor
– Dead Donor
Requirements
Organs
– Heart
– Lungs
– Liver
– Kidney
– Pancreas
– Intestines (very few)
Types of tissue that can be donated
– Bones
– Corneas
– Tendons
– Skin
– Veins
– Bone Marrow
Advantages and disdvantages
Organ Donation in Mexico
New types of transplants
Bibliography
Sources
• http://www.abcmedicus.com/articulo/pacient
es/id/58/pagina/1/transplante_organos.html
• http://bioetica.bioetica.org/mono10.htm
• http://journalism.berkeley.edu/projects/trans
plants/what.html