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GHFZA\HL LJ MKOJKMJRÅH MKGCREJ LJ \RHBHIC JVFHACKHLC LJ OJV\MCK LJ AH FHAMLHL JIJFZFMÖK LJA FCAJOMC LJ HA\C RJKLMEMJK\C (FCHR)- MFH TRC]JF\C HFHLÍEMFC9 ‑METAJEJK\HFMÖK LJ VMV\JEHV LJ OJV\MÖK LJ FHAMLHL JK AH JETRJVH FCVHTM- RZBRC FCKV\RZFFMÖK― Jstulmhktjs9 Orupc Oujrrjrc Ejklczh, Lhkmja Hajxhkljr @mahrmc Mkfh, Ic`hk Ihvmjr Aahkcs Bhsmamc, Vheuja Emouja Euøcz Rumz, ]jsmfh Rhquja Tmroc Frmbmaajrcs, Ijhk Tcaa Habjrtc Lcfjktj9 Mko. \crrjs Bhrlhajs, Ayth Wmftcrmh Mkojkmjrc rjspckshbaj lj ah cbrh9 Mko. Fcaahktjs Icsí Aums Fhroc9 Ojrjktj MKOJKMJRÅH FMWMA \RZIMAAC‖ Tjrù 8 LJLMFH\CRMH Ja prjsjktj prcyjftc hfhlíemfc vh ljlmfhlc prmejrhejktj h Lmcs pcr pjremtmrkcs jsthr bmjk lj shaul, sjoumlhejktj h kujstrcs phlrjs h qumjkjs hlemrhecs pcr su mktjormlhl fcec pjrsckh, hså fcec thebmík ja hpcyc quj kcs brmklhk fhlh låh, phrh aco acorhr rhr rjh rjhamz amzhr hr jstj jstj trh trhbhi bhic, c, pjr pjremt emtmík míklckc lckcss sjou sjoumr mr jst jstulm ulmhkl hklc. c. H ust ustjl jl Mkojkmjrc Icroj Aums Tahsjkfmh Whalmvmjzc fck fhlh fahsj quj kcs brmklö, acorhklc uk ejicr trhbhic fck sus jxpamfhfmckjs, sus jksjøhkzhs, su hpcyc y ah ectmvhfmök phrh ph rh pc pcl ljr rjha rjhamz mzhr hrac ac,, thebm hebmík ík h ku kujs jsttrc rcss fc fce eph phøj øjrc rcss lj fahs fahsj j pcr ja hfcephøhemjktc h ac ahroc lj tclhs ahs sjsmckjs, fck sus mljhs jk sus trhbhics quj kcs pjremtåhk ejicrhr hùk eès y shfhr ac ejicr lj kcsctrcs jk ah rjhamzhfmök lj kujstrc trhbhic lja fursc lj Ojstmök lj ah fhamlhl. 2 TRJVJK\HFMÖK Ja prjsjktj prcyjftc hfhlíemfc tmjkj fcec tmtu tmtuac ac ‑Mepajejkthfmök ‑Mepajejkthfmök lj ojstmö ojstmök k lj fhamlhl jk ah Jeprjsh FCVHTM- Rubrc Fckstruffmök, Vj `h sjajffmckhlc jsth jeprjsh lj fckstruffmök, ljbmlc h su orhk trhyjftcrmh jk ah rjhamzhfmök, jijfufmök y ehkjic lj prcyjftcs mepcrthktjs jk ja phås> smjklc hftuhaejktj ah sjouklh jeprjsh eès mepcrthktj mepcrthktj h kmvja khfmc khfmckha. kha. \clc jstc js orhfmh orhfmhss h sus vhacrjs y ha rjf`hzc h ah fcrrupfmök, ojkjrhlc jk så emseh, sjr ukh jeprjsh fhphz lj jijrfjr prcyjftcs lj orhk mepcrthkfmh phrh ah scfmjlhl. Ah cbrh lj fckstruffmök quj sj hkhamzhrè, js ah cbrh lja Fcajomc Hatc Rjklmemjktc quj jstè ubmfhlc jk Mfh. Jstj prcyjftc js lj orhk mepcrthkfmh phrh ah jlufhfmök, ja fuha gmkhamzö jk ja høc 248=, fck uk fcstc lj V/ 72, 0=7,4?6.44 emaackjs quj ctcroc ja BFT ha Emkmstjrmc lj Jlufhfmök. Ah gmkhamlhl lj jstj mkgcrej js rjhamzhr ah ojstmök lj fhamlhl lj ah cbrh lja Fcajomc Hatc Rjklmemjktc, phrh jaac js kjfjshrmc tjkjr jk fujkth ah Kcreh Kcreh Msc =448. 6 HORHLJFMEMJK\C Trme Trmejr jrhe hejk jktj tj,, lhec lhecs s or orhf hfmh mhs s h Lmcs Lmcs pcr pcr pjre pjremt mtmr mrkc kcs s tj tjkj kjrr ukh ukh bujk bujkh h jxpjrmjkfmh jk ah jahbcrhfmök lj uk mkgcrej lja fursc lj Ojstmök lj Fhamlhl, orhfmhs h ah Zkmvjrsmlhl pcr pjremtmrkcs jk ah gcrehfmök fcec prcgjsmckhajs jk ac quj thktc kcs hphsmckh, orhfmhs h ah Mkomjrc lj prcgjsmök, qumík kcs lmftö jstj fursc j `mzc phrtj lj jstj prcfjsc lj gcrehfmök, quj ljih fcec rjfujrlc y jvml jv mljk jkfm fmh h ja ljsh ljshrr rrca caac ac lj jstj jstj lcfu lcfuej ejkt ktc c quj quj pjrl pjrlur urhr hrè è ljkt ljktrc rc lj ac acs s fckcfmemjktcs y ljshrrcaac lj ahs ljeès ojkjrhfmckjs quj jstèk pcr aajohr. Fhbj rjshathr quj kc guj gèfma ja fhemkc `hsth h`crh, pjrc orhfmhs h sus hpcrtjs, su fhrmøc, su phfmjkfmh, su mkejksh bcklhl y hpcyc, ac fcepamfhlc lj acorhr jsth ejth sj `h kcthlc ejkcs. Horhljfjecs h kujstrhs ghemamhs y `hfjecs prjsjktj kujstrc orhk hgjftc `hfmh ustjljs. Horhljfjecs h ahs pjrsckhs quj jstèk ajyjklc jstj hphrthlc, quj sj tcehk su tmjepc phrh hlqumrmr fckcfmemjktcs lj ahs jxpjrmjkfmhs j mkvjstmohfmckjs quj sj lhk jk jstj prcyjftc. Jk jstj ecejktc euy jspjfmha jspjrc, pjrlurj jk ja tmjepc, kc scac jk ah ejkt ej ktj j lj ah ahs s pjrs pjrsck ckhs hs h qumj qumjkj kjs s horh horhlj ljfm fmec ecs, s, sm smkc kc th theb ebmí mík k h qumj qumjkj kjs s mkvmrtmjrck mkvmrt mjrck su tmjepc phrh jf`hraj jf`hraj ukh emrhlh h kujstrc kujstrc mkgcrej> h jaacs emsecs ajs horhljfjecs fck tclc kujstrc sjr. < ÅKLMFJ. LJLMFH\CRMH M TRJVJK\HFMÖK MM HORHLJFMEMJK\C MMM RJVZEJK MW FHTM\ZAC 8899 O OJ JKJRHAMLHLJV 8.8. Ljsfrmpfmök l lj ja sjftcr < 2 8.2. Ljs jsffrmpfm pfmök Ojkjrh rhaa lj ah Jeprj rjssh 6 8.2.8. Brjvj ljsfrmpfmök lj ah Jeprjsh c jktmlhl 8.2.8.8. Rjsjøh @mstörmfh 8.2.8.2. Tjrspjftmvh lj fckcfmemjktc 6 6 8.6. Ljsfrmpfmök l lj j aah h cbrh l lj jh hk kèamsms 8.6.8.. Ljsfrm 8.6.8 Ljsfrmpfmök pfmök Ojkjrh Ojkjrhaa lj ah cbrh 6 6 6 8.6. 8.6.2. 2. Zb Zbmfh mfhfm fmök ök Oj Ojco corè règmgmfh fh 6 8.6.6. 8.6 .6. Gmk Gmkhkfm hkfmhem hemjkt jktc c 6 8.6.<. 8.6 .<. \mj \mjepc epc lj Jij Jijfuf fufmök mök 6 8.6.:. 8.6 .:. Eck Ecktc tc \ct \ctha ha lj ah cbrh 8.<. Gukfmc Gukfmckjs kjs lja Mkojkm Mkojkmjrc jrc 6 6 8.<.8. Gukfmckjs lja pjrsckha tífkmfc 6 8.<. 8.<.2. 2. Tj Tjrg rgmma l lja ja pr prcg cgjs jsmc mckh khaa 6 Rjgjrj Rjg jrjkfm kfmhs hs < : RJVZEJK Jk jstj prcyjftc hfhlíemfc, prjsjkthrjecs ah METAJEJK\HFMÖK LJA VMV\JEH LJ OJV\MÖK LJ AH FHAMLHL JK AH JETRJVH FCVHT, Fcec jstulmhktjs lj mkojkmjråh fmvma, tuvmecs ukh orhk ectmvhfmök phrh ljshrrcaahr jstj tjeh, shbmjklc quj ja tíremkc ojstmök lj ah fhamlhl js uk fckiuktc lj hffmckjs y `jrrhemjkths, ja cbijtmvc prmkfmpha js jvmthr jrrcrjs lurhktj ah prcluffmök, pcr jsc js euy mepcrthktj fckcfjr jstcs prcfjscs. Tcr ac thktc, fcec shbjecs jk ja sjftcr lj ah fckstruffmök jk Tjrù frjfmö scac uk 8,:%, mepuashlc pcr uk mkfrjejktc jk ahs cbrhs prmvhlhs pcr ehycrjs mkvjrsmckjs jk fjktrcs fcejrfmhajs, hså fcec jk prcyjftcs mkecbmamhrmcs, FCVHTM js ukh jeprjsh pjruhkh lj mkojkmjråh, fckstruffmök y ojstmök lj prcyjftcs guklhlh pcr acs mkojkmjrcs _hatjr Tmhzzh y Icsí Whaljz bhic ja kcebrj lj TMWHVH Fcktrhftcr Jkomkjjrs, fck eès lj :4 høcs lj jxpjrmjkfmh jk ah mklustrmh lj ah fckstruffmök. H`crh sj aaheh FCVHTM V.H., lcklj FCVHTM fcktmkùh mkvmrtmjklc hftmvhejktj. Hsmemsec, ja sjftcr lj ah fckstruffmök smouj hgjfthlc pcr acs jsfèklhacs lj fcrrupfmök lj Cljbrjf`t y ja iumfmc lja aahehlc "faub lj ah fckstruffmök". Jk jstj fcktjxtc, FCVHTM fjrrö ja høc fck ukh ghfturhfmök tctha fckscamlhlh lj 8.7?8 emaackjs lj jurcs y ukh pírlmlh lj 8:6 emaackjs lj jurcs. Jsths pírlmlhs fcrrjspckljk h ah hftmvmlhl lj mkojkmjråh y fckstruffmök y `hk smlc fhushlhs prmkfmphaejktj ljbmlc h lcs `jf`cs9 ukh pírlmlh euy mepcrthktj jk ja prcyjftc lj ah Rjgmkjråh lj \hahrh y ah lmspcsmfmök phrh ja phoc lj ah rjphrhfmök Fmvma rjgjrjktj ha prcfjsc lj fc jgmfhz quj smoh Fcephky. 7 MK\RCLZFFMÖK Jk ja prjsj rjsjkt ktj j pr prcy cyjf jftc tc hfhl hfhlíe íemf mfc c lh lhrj rje ecs h fc fckc kcfj fjrr hf hfjr jrffh lj ah META ME TAJE JEJK JK\H \HFM FMÖK ÖK LJ VM VMV\ V\JE JEHV HV LJ OJV\ OJV\MÖ MÖK K LJ FH FHAM AMLH LHL L JK AH JETRJVH FCVHTM rubrc lj Fckstruffmök. Fcec prmkfmpha gujktj fck ah quj `jecs pclmlc ljshrrcaahr ljshrrcaahr jstj susclm susclmf`c f`c prcyjftc, js jk bhsj h ah rjfcpmahfm rjfcpmahfmök ök bmbamcorègmfh. Fcec jstulmhktjs lj mkojkmjråh fmvma tuvmecs orhk mkfmthtmvh lj ljshrrcaahr jstj tjeh, sj shbj quj ja tjremkc ojstmök lj fhamlhl js uk fckiuktc lj hffmckjs y `jrrhemjkths quj tmjkjk fcec prmkfmpha cbijtmvc jvmthr pcsmbajs jrrcrjs jk ja prcfjsc lj prcluffmök, pcr jsth rhzök js lj sueh mepcrthkfmh fckcfjr lj jstcs prcfjscs. H ac ahroc lj acs høcs ah oacbhamzhfmök, ah fcepjtjkfmh sj `h vujatc eès gujrtj y ahs utmamlhljs lj ahs jeprjshs fhlh vjz eès mkjsthbajs, acs ejrfhlcs acfhajs eès rjlufmlcs y ahs grcktjrhs `hk ljshphrjfmlc, ac fuha jstè cbamoh cba mohklc klc h ahs jep jeprjsh rjshss h rjlu rjlufmr fmr fcst fcstcs, cs, huejkt huejkthr hr ah prc prcluft luftmvm mvmlhl, lhl, sjr sueh suehej ejkt ktj j jgmf jgmfmj mjkt ktjs js y jg jgmf mfhf hfjs, js, rj rjlu lufmr fmr th thkt ktc c ja or orhl hlc c lj rm rmjso jsoc c jk sus jstrhtjomhs fcec ja jrrcr jk ah tceh lj ljfmsmckjs. Kcsctrcs fcec guturcs mkojkmjrcs ljbjecs lj cbtjkjr acs fckcfmemjktcs lj ukh bujkh ojstmök lj fhamlhl, jstc kcs hyulhrè h cbtjkjr prcyjftcs fck fhamlhl. Lj jsth ehkjrh kujstrc prjstmomc fcec prcgjsmckhajs sj vh rjgajihr jk acs ljeès, ojkjrhklc quj euf`hs jeprjshs kcs pujlhk fcktrhthr orhfmhs ha crljk, h ah lmsfmpamkh y ukh crohkmzhfmök lj fhamlhl. Jktckfjs js guklhejktha quj tclcs acs prcgjsmckhajs tjkohk jk fujkth ah kcreh lj fhamlhl MVC =448, phrh kc tjkjr prcbajehs jk ja trhksfursc lj uk prcyjftc quj jsth jkgcfhlc h ahs kjfjsmlhljs lj ah scfmjlhl. ? FHTM\ZAC M9 OJKJRHAMLHLJV. (M HWHKFJ- M ZKMLHL) 8.8. 8.8. Ljsf Ljsfrm rmpf pfmö mök k lja lja Vjft Vjftcr cr.. Ja sjftcr fckstruffmök pjruhkc frjfmö scac 8,:%, mepuashlc pcr ehycrjs cbrhs prmvhlhs rjsuathlc lj ah ehycr mkvjrsmök jk fjktrcs fcejrfmhajs, hså fcec fcec jk pr prcy cyjf jftc tcss mkec mkecbm bmamamhr hrmc mcs, s, lc lckl klj j Fc Fcsh shpm pm fckt fcktmk mkùh ùh mkvm mkvmrt rtmj mjkl klc c pcsmtmvhejktj. Hsmemsec, ah mklustrmh lj ah fckstruffmök sj ehktuvc hgjfthlh pcr acs jsfèklhacs lj fcrrupfmök lj Cljbrjf`t, y pcr ja prcfjsc vmkfuahl vmkfuahlc c ha ljkcemkhlc ‐faub lj ah fckstruffmök”. Jk jstj fcktjxtc Fcshpm fjrrö ja høc fck vjkths fckscamlhlhs lj 8,7?8 emaa emaack ckjs js lj sc scaj ajss y pí pírl rlml mlhs hs lj 8: 8:6 6 em emaaaack ckjs js lj sc scaj ajs. s. Js Jsth thss pí pírlm rlmlh lhss fcrrjspckljk h ah hftmvmlhl lj mkojkmjråh y fckstruffmök y `hk smlc fhushlhs prmkfmphaejktj pcr lcs `jf`cs9 ukh pírlmlh euy mepcrthktj jk ja prcyjftc lj ah Rjgmkjråh lj \hahrh y ah prcvmsmök phrh ja phoc lj ah rjphrhfmök fmvma rjgjrjktj ha prcfjsc lj fcahbcrhfmök jgmfhz quj smouj ah fcephøåh. Ah ehycr fcktrmbufmök h ahs utmamlhljs lj ah fcephøåh prcvmkc lj Fcshpm Emkjråh y lj Fcshpm Mkecbmamhrmh. Lurhktj ja jijrfmfmc 248=, Fcshpm, scah c hscfmhlh, hscfmh lh, ohkö fcktrht fcktrhtcs cs pcr ZV$<4= emaac emaackjs kjs lj acs fuhajs aj fcrrjspc fcrrjspckljk kljk ZV$80= emaackjs y tjremkö ja jijrfmfmc fck ukh fhrtjrh lj fcktrhtcs gmrehlcs pcr jijfuthr c bhfnaco lj ZV$8,26= emaackjs. Jk jsj høc tjremkhrck fck íxmtc ah cbrh lj ah Wmljkh, lmsjøhlh y fckstrumlh jk thk scac 80 ejsjs. Fckfaumecs hljeès ahs cbrhs lj hepamhfmök lj ah Emkh Vhk Rhghja lj Emksur, phrtj lja orupc Brjfh. \hebmík mkmfmhecs ahs cbrhs lj ecvmemjktc lj tmjrrhs phrh ah hepamhfmök lja hjrcpujrtc Icroj F`èvjz. Tcr ctrc ct rc ah ahlc, lc, js jsth thec ecss prj prjsj sjkt ktjs js jk me mepc pcrt rthkt hktjs js prcyj prcyjft ftcs cs em emkj kjrcs rcs fce fcec c Xujaahvjfc y Ehrfcbrj jk Tjrù, hså fcec Xujbrhlh Bahkfh jk F`maj y ah emkh 0 lj crc lj Burmtmfè jk Fcacebmh. Gmkhaejktj, mkmfmhecs ahs cbrhs lja \jepac lj acs Camvcs phrh ah Moajsmh lj Ijsufrmstc lj acs Vhktcs lj acs Ùatmecs Låhs. FCVHTM pcsjj ukh orhk jxpjrmjkfmh lj jijfufmök lj prcyjftcs orhkljs y fcepajics, jk acs quj su ojktj `h ljecstrhlc su fhphfmlhl phrh fuepamr y scbrjphshr ahs jxpjfthtmvhs lj sus famjktjs, hùk jk ahs fcklmfmckjs eès lmgåfmajs. Jaac ohrhktmzh fckthr fck lmsjøcs hathejktj jgmfmjktjs y, pcr thktc, fcklufmr ukh ghsj lj fckstruffmök eès amepmh y prcluftmvh. Acs trhbhihlcrjs lj fcshpm jkgrjkth acs prcyjftcs fck ukh ejkthamlhl mktjorhlcrh, quj js ja ectcr quj mepuash ah prcluffmök lj lmsjøcs lj hatc vhacr horjohlc, jkgcfhlcs jk acorhr ukh jijfufmök eès prcluftmvh y jgmfmjktj. Fck Fc k uk ukh h fhph fhphfm fmlh lhl l cpjr cpjrht htmv mvh h rj rjha ha lj 27 em emaaaack ckjs js lj `c `crh rhss `c `ceb ebrj rj ha høc, hø c, FC FCVH VHTM TM Mk Mkoj ojkmj kmjrå råh h y Fc Fckst kstruf ruffm fmök ök fu fujkt jkth h fc fck k fm fmkfc kfc Zk Zkml mlhl hljs js lj Kjocfm Kjo cfmc9 c9 Jlmgmf Jlmgmfhfmc hfmckjs kjs,, Mkg Mkgrhjs rhjstruf truftur turh, h, Tahkth Tahkthss Mkl Mklust ustrmh rmhajs ajs,, Mko Mkojkm jkmjrå jråh h j Mktjrkhfmckha. 8.2Ljsfrmpfmök Ojkjrha lj ah Jeprjsh. Ah jeprjsh FCVHTM js ukh fcephøåh pjruhkh lj Mkojkm Mkojkmjråh, jråh, Fckstru Fckstruffmök ffmök y Ojrjkfmh lj Trcyjftcs guklhlh pcr acs mkojkmjrcs _hatjr Tmhzzh y Icsí Whaljz = bhic ja kcebrj lj TMWHV TMWHVH H mkojkmjrcs fcktrhtmsths fcktrhtmsths,, quj fujkt fujkth h fck eès lj :4 høcss lj jxp høc jxpjrm jrmjkfm jkfmh h jk ja rubrc lj ah fck fckstr struff uffmök mök.. Jk ah hftuha hftuhamlh mlhl, l, sj ljkcemkh FCVHTM V.H Ljsl Lj slj j su gukl guklhf hfmö mök, k, ehkt ehktmj mjkj kjk k ja fcep fceprc rcem emsc sc lj sjr sjr uk ukh h je jepr prjs jsh h mljktmgmfhlh fck ah ítmfh y ah mktjormlhl, brmklhklc h kujstrcs famjktjs sjrvmfmcs lj hath fhamlhl. Jijfuth cbrhs bhic lcs eclhamlhljs9 lmrjfth j mklmvmluha c h tr trhví hvíss lj ha hamh mhkz kzhs hs jstr jstrht htío íomf mfhs hs fc fck k lm lmvjr vjrsh shss je jepr prjs jshs, hs, h tr trhví hvíss lj ah gcrehfmök lj uk Fckscrfmc. Hbhrfh 2? sjrvmfmcs fck rjspjftc h cbrhs y rjsuathlcs cbtjkmlcs bhic ah eclhamlhl mklmvmluha y Fckscrfmcs, h ejkcs quj sjøhajecs haoukh mklmfhfmök ha rjspjftc jk ja emsec tjxtc lja rjpcrtj. 8.2.8 Brjvj ljsfr ljsfrmpfmö mpfmök k ojkjrha ojkjrha lj ah Jeprj Jeprjsh sh c Jktml Jktmlhl. hl. 8.2.8.8 RJVJØH @ @MMV\CRMFH9 FCVHTM fcemjkzh ukh `mstcrmh jk 8=74, lcklj _hatjr Tmhzzh \hkoñms y Icsí Ics í Wh Whal aljz jz Fh Fhaaaaj j gc gcre rehk hk ‑Tm ‑Tmhzz hzzh h y Wh Whal aljz jz Mk Mkoj ojkm kmjrc jrcs― s―,, jeprj jeprjsh sh lj fcksuatcråh jk mkojkmjråh jaíftrmfh y frjhk TMWHVH Mkojkmjrcs V.H. Jeprjsh fckstru fcks truftc ftcrh rh jkfhro jkfhrohlh hlh lj eck eckthi thijs js lj pah pahkth kthss mkl mklust ustrmh rmhajs. ajs. Jk 8=7 8=76 6 TMWHVH gcreh uk fckscrfmc fck VHLJ lj Hrojktmkh, jeprjsh lj prcpmjlhl lj Ojkjrha Jajftrmf, phrh mksthahr ah prmejrh aåkjh lj trhksemsmök lj 224NW jktrj ah Fjktrha @mlrcjaíftrmfh lj @umkfc y Ameh. Jk 8=7? ja Fckscrfmc VHLJ - TMWHVH sj fckvmjrtj jk FCVHTM. Jk acs høcs sjtjkth, FCVHTM phrtmfmph jk prcyjftcs lj orhk fcepajimlhl fcec ja Cajcluftc Kcr Tjruhkc, ja ljshrrcaac pjtrcquåemfc lj \hahrh, ja eckthij lj ah fjktrha `mlrcjaíftrmfh lja Ehkthrc, ah Rjgmkjråh lj Tjtröajc Ah Thepmaah y ah Rjgmkjråh lj Ymkf lj Fhihehrqumaah. Jk acs høcs cf`jkth, FCVHTM hlcpth ukh pcaåtmfh lj mktjrkhfmckhamzhfmök y lmvjrsmgmfhfmök. FCVHTM, quj yh `hbåh hftuhlc fckiukthejktj fck VHLJ jk Hrojamh y Kmojrmh, mkmfmh cpjrhfmckjs jk Fcsth Rmfh, Eíxmfc, Rjpùbamfh Lcemkmfhkh, F`maj y Wjkjzujah. 84 Hsmemsec, jk acs høcs cf`jkth, FCVHTM, quj scac brmklhbh sjrvmfmcs lj eckt ec kthi hij j ph phrh rh pahkt pahkths hs mk mklu lust strm rmha hajs, js, sj lmv lmvjr jrsm smgmgmfh fh `hf `hfmh mh cbrhs cbrhs fm fmvm vmaj ajss y fhrrjtjrhs y phrtmfmph jk vhrmcs prcyjftcs lj mrrmohfmök fcec ja Fhkha Emouja F`jfh jk Tmurh, F`hvmecf`mf y F`mkjfhs. Jk ah phrtj mklustrmha, FCVHTM fckstruyj ahs pahkths lj \mkthyh y Fjejktcs ]urh jk Hrjqumph. Jk acs høcs kcvjkth, Bjf`tja, ah jeprjsh lj mkojkmjråh y fckstruffmök eès orhklj lj JJZZ, mkorjsh ha ejrfhlc pjruhkc y jsfcoj h FCVHTM fcec scfmc acfha gmrehklc uk fcktrhtc lj jxfausmvmlhl pcr lmjz høcs. Fck Bjf`tja lj scfmc, FCVHTM jijfuth jk 8==< ja prcyjftc lj amxmvmhfmök pcr scavjktjs y jajf ja jftr trcl cljpc jpcsm smfm fmök ök jk \c \cqu qujp jpha hah h pc pcrr uk vha vhacr cr lj ZV ZV$8 $844 44 em emaaaack ckjs js,, ah prmejrh orhk mkvjrsmök emkjrh lja Tjrù lj jsh lífhlh. Jk ja 2444, jk scfmjlhl fck Bjf`tja y Grhpcrt, FCVHTM guklö Ameh Hmrpcrt Thrtkjrs Thrt kjrs (AHT), jeprjsh jeprjsh quj ohk ohkö ö ah fck fckfjsm fjsmök ök lja Hjrcpujrt Hjrcpujrtc c Icroj Icroj F`èv F` èvjz jz.. FC FCVH VHTM TM tuvc tuvc uk ukh h ph phrt rtmf mfmp mphf hfmö mök k me mepc pcrt rthk hktj tj jk ah jxmt jxmtcs csh h ecljrkmzhfmök lj lmf`c hjrcpujrtc. Jk ja høc 2446, fhålh jk vjkths prclufmlh pcr ah rjfjsmök lja ejrfhlc pjruhkc, FCVHTM - ha mouha quj ctrhs fckstruftcrhs pjruhkhs- rjgmkhkfmö sus ljulhs jxmtcshejktj, pcr uk ecktc lj ZV$<4 emaackjs, smk rjhamzhr kmkoùk ljsfujktc pcr fhpmtha c mktjrjsjs h acs hfrjjlcrjs. H phrtmr lja 244: FCVHTM mkmfmh uk fmfac lj vmocrcsc frjfmemjktc, hafhkzhklc ukh thsh lj frjfmemjktc jk vjkths jktrj lmf`c høc y ja 2484 lj 26.=% hkuha fcepujsth, phshklc lj ZV$7: emaackjs h ZV$80= emaackjs. Jk ja 2440, ja fckscrfmc fcepujstc pcr FCVHTM y Fcbrh Mkgrhjstrufturh @mlrèuamfhs V.H. cbtuvmjrck ah fckfjsmök phrh ja ljshrrcaac lj mrrmohfmök Ehijs Vmouhs. Jktrj ja 2484 y ja 2486 ah jeprjsh fcktmkuö jxphklmíklcsj h ukh thsh lj frjfmemjktc jk vjkths lj 64.:% hkuha fcepujsth, phshklc lj ZV$80= emaackjs h ZV$<8= emaackjs. Ja 20 lj ehrzc lj 248< sj ctcroö ah bujkh prc ha Fckscrfmc Kujvc Ejtrc lj Am Ameh eh,, mk mktj tjorh orhlc lc pcr pcr Mr Mrml mlmu mue e Fc Fckfj kfjsm smckj ckjss lj Mk Mkgr grhjs hjstr truf uftu turh rhs, s, V. V.H. H. 88 (Mrmlmue), Wmhamh Vcfmjlhl Ojstcrh lj Fckfjsmckjs lj Mkgrhjstrufturhs, V.A. (Wmhamh), (Wmham h), Vhamkm Vhamkm Meprjo Meprjomac mac V.p. V.p.H. H. (Meprj (Meprjomac), omac), Hkshalc Brjlh V.p.H. V.p.H. (Hkshalc (Hkshalc Brjlh), Hkshalc V\V V.p.H. (Hkshalc V\V), y FCVHTM, phrh ah jijfufmök lj ah Aåkjh 2 lja Ejtrc lj Ameh y Fhaahc. 8.2.8.2 TJRVTJF\MWH LJ FRJFMEMJK\C EMVMÖK9 Fcktrmbumr ha íxmtc lj kujstrcs famjktjs, ljshrrcaahklc sus prcyjftcs fck fhamlhl, sjourmlhl, y ljktrc lja pahzc y prjsupujstc prjvmstcs. Trcecvjr ja ljshrrcaac pjrsckha y prcgjsmckha lj kujstrh ojktj gcrehklc aåljrjs fuycs acorcs trhsfmjklhk jk ah jeprjsh y jk ah scfmjlhl. Ehktjkjr Ehktjk jr uk fameh fameh jep jeprjsh rjshrmh rmhaa hbm hbmjrt jrtc c y lj fckgmh fckgmhkzh kzh quj gce gcejkt jktj j ah mkkcvhfmök y ah ejicrh fcktmkuh. Mktjorhr h scfmcs y prcvjjlcrjs jstrhtíomfcs phrh gcrehr jqumpcs lj hatc ljsjepjøc. Trcvjjr uk auohr lj trhbhic sjourc y shaulhbaj, rjspjtucsc lja hebmjktj khturha y lj ahs fceukmlhljs quj kcs rcljhk. Ojkj Oj kjrhr rhr ut utmamaml mlhl hljs js ph phrh rh ehkt ehktjk jkjr jr ah sc scamamljz ljz gmgmkhk khkfm fmjrh jrh,, me mepu puas ashr hr ja frjfmemjktc y rjtrmbumr hljfuhlhejktj h kujstrcs hffmckmsths. WMVMÖK9 Vjr ah je jepr prjsh jsh lj mk mkoj ojkm kmjrå jråh h y fc fcks kstr truf uffm fmök ök,, sö söamamlh lh,, mk mkkcv kcvhl hlcrh crh y lj fa fahsj hsj euklmha, rjfckcfmlh fcec ah ejicr jk acs prcyjftcs, ejrfhlcs y jeprjklmemjktcs lcklj phrtmfmpjecs. THOMKH _JB9 Fcshpm fujkth fck ukh pahthgcreh wjb hepamh rjspjftc lj sus fckvcfhtcrmhs, fcktrhtcs, subsmlmcs, jqumpc hlemkmstrhtmvc jktrj ctrcs. 82 ZRA9 `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Vmtj/M `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Vmtj/Mkljx.hspx3hML5? kljx.hspx3hML5? Jqumpc lj trhbhic-fhepc gujktj9 wjb fcshpm 8.2. 8. 2.2 2 Cr Croh ohkm kmzh zhfm fmök ök lj ah Je Jepr prjs jsh. h. H fcktmkuhfmök, prjsjkthecs ja crohkmorheh lj ah Jeprjsh FCVHTM9 86 TRMKFMTHAJV JIJFZ\MWCV LJ FCVHTM V.H9 TRJVMLJK\J9 JLZHRLC \CRRJV AACV9 Høc lj khfmemjktc 8=70. 8=70 . Jfckcemsth tmtuahlc pcr ah Zkmvjr Zkmvjrsmlhl smlhl lja Thfågmfc, fck EBH jk NZ Ajuvjk. Js lmrjftcr mkljpjklmjktj y prjsmljktj lja Lmrjftcrmc lj FCVHTM V.H. Ojrjktj Ojkjrha9 OJRHRLC AZMV GRJMRJ Mkojkmjrc Fmvma jorjshlc lj ah Ghfuathl lj Mkojkmjråh lj ah Zkmvjrsmlhl lj Bujkcs Hmrjs (GMZBH) fck Lmpaceh lj @ckcr, fck 64 høcs lj jxpjrmjkfmh oacbha jk ja sjftcr sjft cr lj mko mkojkm jkmjrå jråh h y fck fckstr struffm uffmök, ök, jk sjft sjftcrj crjss lj mkgrhjs mkgrhjstru truftu fturh, rh, emkjrå emkjråh, h, jkjroåh j `mlrcf `mlrcfhrburcs, hrburcs, `hbmjkl `hbmjklc c ljshrrc ljshrrcaahlc aahlc ukh hepam hepamh h fhrrjrh jk pcsmfm pcsmfmckjs ckjs lj hath ojrjkfmh fcrrjspcklmjktj h jeprjshs aåljrjs lj hafhkfj rjomckha y oacbha. H lmfmjebrj lja 2482, FCVHTM fcktö fck ? Lmrjftcrjs y 7 0:2 fcahbcrhlcrjs, lmstrmbumlcs pcr tmpc lj fhroc lj ah smoumjktj ehkjrh9 •Lmrjftcrjs, emjebrcs lja Lmrjftcrmc9 ? •Jepajhlcs9 8 <46 •Cbrjrcs9 : <<= HTRJFMHFMÖK FRÅ\MFH9 Ah jeprjsh FCVHTM fuhktc fck uk jqumpc lj orhk kmvja, sjoùk ac mklhohlc sck ? prcgjsmckhajs h fhroc lja lmrjftcrmc qumjkjs sj jkfhrohk lj tcehr ahs ejicrjs ljfmsmckjs y pcljecs hsjourhr quj ja orhk íxmtc quj tmjkjk js orhfmhs h ahs cpcrtukmlhljs y gcrthajzhs quj fckstmtuyjk jk su crohkmzhfmök lj orhk kmvja. Jk ja amsthlc ojkjrha lja rèknmko lj jeprjshs fckstruftcrhs, Fcshpm acorö ubmfhrsj jk ja pujstc 27 lj tclhs ahs jeprjshs quj cpjrhk jk ja Tjrù. Jstj eckmtcr lj rjpu rj puth thfm fmök ök,, qu quj j `h smlc smlc jahb jahbcr crhl hlc c jk bhsj bhsj h ?,:< ?,:<8 8 jk jkfu fujs jsth thss `j `jf` f`hs hs h trhbhihlcrjs lj ahs jeprjshs, jxpjrtcs jk rjfurscs `uehkcs, jx hauekcs lj jsfujahs lj kjocfmcs y ctrcs lmrjfth c mklmrjfthejktj rjahfmckhlcs fck ahs gmrehs 8< y acs sjftcrjs h acs quj pjrtjkjfjk, `h smlc rjvmshlc pcr ah jeprjsh hulmtcrh NTEO. Jktrj acs vhacrjs quj tceh jk fujkth phrh jahbcrhr su rèknmko gmourhk ah fhamlhl ahbcrha, ehrfh jepajhlcrh y rjputhfmök mktjrkh lj ahs jeprjshs y ahs vhrmhbajs quj fcksmljrh jk fhlh ukc lj jaacs sck, jk fckiuktc, ja shahrmc, ljshrrcaac prcgjsmckha, ectmvhfmök y rjfckcfmemjktc, rjahfmök fck acs ehklcs mkejlmhtcs, fckfmamhfmök, mehojk jk ah scfmjlhl, htrhffmök lj thajktc, rjfcejklhfmök, íxmtc jeprjshrmha, sjftcr htrhftmvc, vhacrjs ítmfcs y prcgjsmckhajs, mouhalhl y lmvjrsmlhl, amljrhzoc lj ah hath lmrjffmök, mljktmgmfhfmök fck ja prcyjftc jeprjshrmha y crouaac lj pjrtjkjkfmh. Trjfmshejktj, tclcs jscs vhacrjs sck rjfckcfmlcs jk Fcshpm y sus fcahbcrhlcrjs sj smjktjk pajkhejktj mljktmgmfhlcs fck fhlh ukc lj jaacs. Thrh ah jeprjsh, jsth ubmfhfmök jk ja rèknmko lj Ejrfc Tjrsckhs 248< js uk rjfckcfmemjktc h sus pcaåtmfhs lj ojstmök lja thajktc `uehkc, quj acs aajkh lj crouaac y acs hamjkth h sjoumr trhbhihklc phrh acorhr tclcs acs cbijtmvcs lj ah crohkmzhfmök. Ja høc 2486 guj phrh FCVHTM uk høc lj frjfmemjktc, acorcs hafhkzhlcs y lj kujv ku jvcs cs rj rjtc tcs. s. Ah Ahkz kzhe hecs cs 2 ku kujv jvcs cs kj kjoc ocfm fmcs cs99 FC FCVH VHTM TM Em Emkj kjrå råh h y FC FCVH VHTM TM Mkecbmamhrmh, rjmkorjshecs ha ejrfhlc f`majkc h trhvís lj ah frjhfmök lj FEJ (Fcshpm - Ehs Jrrèzurmz) y acorhecs mkorjscs fckscamlhlcs pcr V/. 8,67?”42:,444, ac fuha rjprjsjkth uk mkfrjejktc lj 24% fck rjspjftc ha pjrmclc hktjrmcr. Ha gmkha lja høc 2486, FCVHTM yh `hbåh supjrhlc acs 0,:44 fcahbcrhlcrjs, fcksmljrhklc jepajhlcs y cbrjrcs. Ja rèpmlc frjfmemjktc lj kujstrh Fcephøåh jk acs ùatmecs høcs prcguklmzh kujstrh kjfjsmlhl lj fceukmfhrkcs fck kujstrcs orupcs lj mktjrís, ecstrhr föec ojstmckhecs kujstrhs cpjrhfmckjs y jktjkljr quí js ac quj jaacs busfhk lj kcsctrcs. Fckcfjrkcs js ah bhsj lj ah gcrehfmök lj kujstrhs rjahfmckjs y ah fckgmhkzh. Tcrr tjrf Tc tjrfjr jr hø høc c fcks fcksjf jfut utmv mvc, c, jk FC FCVH VHTM TM jahb jahbcr crhe hecs cs ku kujs jstr trc c Rj Rjpc pcrt rtj j lj Vcstjkmbmamlhl smoumjklc acs amkjhemjktcs lja jstèklhr mktjrkhfmckha lja Oacbha Rjpcrtmko Mkmtmhtmvj (ORM)8 . \hktc jk ja høc 2488 fcec jk 2482, rjpcrthecs bhic ah vjrsmök O6.4 lj ah Ouåh phrh ah Jahbcrhfmök lj Ejecrmhs lj Vcstjkmbmamlhl lja 8: ORM, jk acs fuhajs cbtuvmecs uk kmvja lj hpamfhfmök F y aujoc ejicrhecs h uk kmvja B. FCVHTM V.H fujkth fck ja smstjeh lj fhamlhl MVC =4489244= pjrc phrh acorhr mkfaumr smstjeh fcec uk bjkjgmfmc lj ehkjrh fcktmkuh, sj ljbj hsjourhr quj ah rjtrchamejkthfmök aajouí h tclcs acs kmvjajs lja pjrsckha lj ah jeprjsh 8.6 8.6 Lj Ljsf sfrm rmpf pfmö mök kl ljj ah cb cbrh rh lj hkèa hkèams msms ms.. Ah cbr cbrh h qu quj j sj jamo jamomö mö js lj ljaa pr prcy cyjft jftc c lj fc fckst kstruf ruffm fmök ök lj ljaa Fcaj Fcajom omc c lj Ha Hatc tc Rjklmemjktc (FCHR) jk acs Mfh. FCVHTM TM sj hl hliu iulm lmfö fö ah 8.6. 8.6.88 LJ LJVF VFRM RMTF TFMÖ MÖK K OJKJ OJKJRH RHA A LJ AH CB CBRH RH99 FCVH jahb jahbcr crhf hfmö mök k lj ljaa jxpj jxpjlm lmjk jktj tj tífk tífkmf mfc c y ah fcks fckstr truf uffm fmök ök lj ljaa Fcaj Fcajom omc c lj Ha Hatc tc Rjklmemjktc (FCHR) lja ljphrthejktc lj Mfh. Jstj ecljrkc fjktrc jlufhtmvc tjklrè uk èrjh lj 8? =44 ejtrcs fuhlrhlcs lj fckstruffmök, sjrè jlmgmfhlc jk uk tjrrjkc lj 6.0 `jftèrjhs, fckthrè fck ah fhphfmlhl kjfjshrmh phrh habjrohr h 644 hauekcs ljsthfhlcs. Jk ja ljshrrcaac ljshrrcaac lja prcyjft prcyjftc c sj utmamzhrö ah `jrrhem `jrrhemjkth jkth BME (Buma (Bumalmko lmko Mkgcreht Mkgcrehtmck mck Ecljamko), quj pjremtmrè ojstmckhr ja lmsjøc y fckstruffmök lj jstj fcajomc jk tmjepc rjha y lj ehkjrh mktjorhlh ejlmhktj uk scgtwhrj lj ecljahlc jk trjs lmejksmckjs. Jstj prcyjftc mktjorhrè ja jktcrkc khturha fck ah jxmojkfmh hfhlíemfh lj acs fcajomcs lj hatc rjklmemjktc. Ah mkgrhjstrufturh jsthrè lmvmlmlh jk fuhtrc èrjhs quj `hk smlc ljkcemkhlhs euklcs9 Euklc ]hf`hy (lja hprjklmzhij), Euklc _hsm (rjsmljkfmha), \mknuy (lj ah fckvmvjkfmh) y ja Euklc Tuimaahy (lj ah jxprjsmök fcrpcrha) 8. 8.6. 6.22 ZB ZBMF MFHF HFMÖ MÖK K OJCO OJCORH RHGM GMFH FH99 THÅV9 TJRÙ RJOMÖK9 FCV\H LJTHR\HEJK\C9 MFH TRCWMKFMH9 MFH LMV\RM\C9 AHKOCV\ZRH 87 8.6.6 GMKHKFMHEMJK\C9 Jstj prcyjftc sjrè gmkhkfmhlc pcr ja Bhkfc lj Frílmtc lja Tjrù (BFT) bhic ja ejfhkmsec Cbrhs pcr Mepujstcs jk fckvjkmc fck ja Emkmstjrmc lj Jlufhfmök. 8.6.< \MJETC LJ JIJFZFMÖK9 82 ejsjs (< ejsjs lj jxpjlmjktj tífkmfc y 0 ejsjs lj jijfufmök lj cbrh 8.6.: ECK\C \C\HA LJ AH CBRH9 ah cbrh tubc uk ecktc lj 7:” 7=6, 6==.7= scajs. Hkèamsms frmtmfh jktrj acs famjktjs y prcvjjlcrjs mktjrkcs9 Ah rjahfmök quj jxmstj jktrj hebcs js bèsmfhejktj ah kjfjsmthl lja sjrvmfmc (famjktj), fck ah lja prcvjjlcr mktjrkc quj sj jkfhroh lj fubrmr ja emsec y tmjkj fcec fce c prm prmkfm kfmph phaa gmgmk k hb hbhs hstj tjfj fjrr fck lmgj lmgjrjk rjktj tjss rj rjfu fursc rscss tc tclh lhss ah ahss èrj èrjhs hs lj ah crohkmzhfmök y supamr tclhs ahs kjfjsmlhljs lj acs famjktjs jxtjrkcs. Ah jeprjsh Fcshpm ohrhktmzh ah trhksphrjkfmh jk su gukfmckhemjktc y prjsjkth uk fcepcrthemjktc mlökjc pcr phrtj lj acs lmrjftmvcs. Fck ah gmkhamlhl lj fckstrumr ukh rjahfmök lj fckgmhkzh y frjlmbmamlhl fck sus orupcs lj mktjrís. Lj jsth ehkjrh, vjahk pcr ja rjspjtc lj acs ljrjf`cs lj sus hffmckmsths y ohrhktmzhk ah jqumlhl y trhksphrjkfmh jk su gukfmckhemjktc> ac fuha ajs pjremtj fckscamlhrsj fcec ukh jeprjsh fckgmhbaj y fck frjlmbmamlhl jk ja ejrfhlc oacbha. hså emsec acorhk fcktrcahr jk ah scfmjlhl acs pcsmbajs fckgamftcs lj mktjrís lj sus prcpmcs emjebrcs, lj acs prmkfmphajs gukfmckhrmcs y lj sus hffmckmsths. Ah jeprjsh lj mkojkmjråh y fckstruffmök Fcshpm fujkth fck uk smstjeh lj ojstmök lj eckmtcrjc y fcktrca lj gacth, h fhroc lja prcvjjlcr Yygrh Emkmko, jspjfmhamsth jk scaufmckjs lmomthajs jk emkjråh y ejthajs jk Jurcph, Hsmh y Ègrmfh. Hså fcec FCVHTM gcejkth ja usc lj ah eès hath tjfkcacoåh, ja jepajc lj acs smstjehs lj ojstmök lj fhamlhl, ah mkkcvhfmök jk acs prcfjscs, ah ejicrh fcktmkuh, jktr jk trj j ctrc ctrcs, s, th theb ebmí mík k pr prce ceujv ujvj j y sj prj prjcfu cfuph ph qu quj j th thajk ajktc tc `ue `uehk hkc c hl hlcp cptj tj fcklufths quj rjgajijk rjftmtul y prèftmfhs åktjorhs, quj fckstmtuyjk ah bhsj lj ahs rjahfmckjs fck sus famjktjs, prcvjjlcrjs y ah fcajftmvmlhl jk ojkjrha. 8? 8. 8.<< Gu Gukf kfmc mckj kjss lja lja Mk Mkoj ojkm kmjr jrc c Ja mkojkmjrc fmvma ljbj jsthr fhphfmthlc phrh jijfuthr gukfmckjs thktc jk ja èrjh hlemkmstrhtmvh fcec jk ja èrjh tífkmfh lj cbrh yh quj ha jijrfjr ah fhrrjrh tmjkj quj khvjohr pcr hebcs euklcs, js pcr jsc quj phrh quj jktmjklhs quí js ac quj `hfj fck jxhftmtul ljbjs lj fckcfjr hebhs y fceprjkljr quj kc sj trhth lj jstès jk uk ahlc c jk ja ctrc. Èrjh hlemkmstrhtmvh9 \jkjr hbscautc fckcfmemjktc scbrj ahs jspjfmgmfhfmckjs quj jsthbajfj ja prcyjftc lj cbrh. Rjso Rj souh uhrl rlhr hr tclc tclcss acs acs lc lcfu fuej ejkt ktcs cs lja lja pr prcy cyjf jftc tc (p (pah ahkc kcs, s, ej ejec ecrm rmhs hs ljsfrmptmvhs, scamfmtuljs lj ehtjrmhajs) phrh ghfmamthracs ha orupc lj trhbhic fuhklc hså ac hejrmtj ah smtuhfmök, yh sjh phrh lhr mklmfhfmckjs c mkgcrehr lj haoukh eclmgmfhfmök rjhamzhlh. Ehkt Eh ktjk jkjr jr pr prjf jfms msh h y fck fckst sthkt hktj j fc fceu eukm kmfh fhfm fmök ök fck ja rj rjpr prjsj jsjkt kthk hktj tj lj ljaa Fcktrhthktj jk ah Cbrh, js ljfmr ja Mkojkmjrc Mkspjftcr), jahbcrhklc ahs hfth hfthss y scam scamfm fmtu tulj ljss rj rjqu qujr jrml mlhs hs pc pcrr ahs ahs fckl fcklmf mfmc mckj kjss lj fckt fcktrh rhth thfm fmök ök hpamfhbajs. Wjrmgmfhr quj sj fuepahk lmhrmhejktj ahs vhauhfmckjs lj cbrh y jvmthr rjtrhscs jk ja prcyjftc. Wjahr y ohrhktmzhr ja jstrmftc fuepamemjktc lj ahs kcrehs lj `momjkj y sjourmlhl ahbcrha jk ah cbrh. Hftuhamzhr ah pahkmgmfhfmök lj cbrh, mkgcrehklc h sus fcajohs y supjrmcrjs jvjktuhamlhljs fcec9 rjqujrmemjktc lj jqumpcs y ehtjrmhajs, rjtrhscs jk ah jijfufmök, ohstcs kc prjvmstcs, phocs h pjrsckha, jktrj ctrcs. Ehktjkjr hftuhamzhlc ja ambrc lj cbrhs fck fhlh prcfjlmemjktc rjhamzhlc jk ja fhepc. 80 Vupjr Vu pjrvm vmsh shrr y fc fccr crlm lmkhr khr jahb jahbcrh crhfm fmök ök lj ac acss pahk pahkcs cs lj Fc Fcks kstr truff uffmö mök k c ljgmkmtmvcs lj ah cbrh, hsmemsec hftuhamzhr ah mkgcrehfmök lj prjsupujstcs eclmgmfhlcs. Fceprcbhr ah Fhamlhl lj acs Ehtjrmhajs y Jqumpcs h utmamzhr jk ah cbrh, vjrmgmfhklc quj fuepa vjrmgmfhklc fuepahk hk ahs fcklmf fcklmfmckjs mckjs y sj jkfujktrjk rjsouhrlhl rjsouhrlhlcs cs jk smtmcs sjourcs. Èrjh tífkmfh lj ah cbrh9 Jktjkljr Jktjk ljr fceprjkljr y jxpamfhr jxpamfhr lj gcreh euy lmlèftmfh h acs trhbhihlc trhbhihlcrjs rjs lj ah cbrh, fmjrths jspjfmgmfhfmckjs lja prcyjftc ahs fuhajs rjqumjrhk lj ehycr htjkfmök y sjhk prmcrmthrmhs phrh hvhkzhr jk ahs hftmvmlhljs lj fhepc. Fceprcbhr quj acs ehtjrmhajs y `jrrhemjkths quj mkorjshk h ah cbrh fuepajk ahs Jspjfmgmfhfmckjs tífkmfhs phrh su usc y hsjourhrsj quj jk ah cbrh cb rh sj fuj fujkt kth h fc fck k ac acss jsph jsphfm fmcs cs hl hljf jfuh uhlcs lcs phr phrh h haeh haehfj fjkh khrr lmf`c lmf`css ehtjrmhajs. Hsjourhrsj quj ahs hftmvmlhljs rjhamzhlhs jk cbrh fuepahk fck acs jstèklhrjs lj fhamlhl y fhktmlhl, lj jsth ehkjrh sj ghfmamthk acs hvhkfjs jstmpuahlcs jk ja frckcorheh lj trhbhic. Rjhamzhr ahbcrjs lj prujbh y jkshyc sjoùk acs rjqujrmemjktcs lja prcyjftc phrh ohrhktmzhr quj ahs hftmvmlhljs fuepajk fck ahs jxmojkfmhs kcrehtmvhs. Rjpcrthr Rjpcrt hr lj mkejlm mkejlmhtc htc fuhaqumj fuhaqumjrr ghaa ghaah h c hvjråh quj prjsjkt prjsjktjk jk acs jqumpcs y ehqumkhrhs smtuhlcs jk ah cbrh, lj jsth ehkjrh sj jvmthk hffmljktjs y sj crljkh ah rjphrhfmök mkejlmhth lj acs emsecs. Vuspjkljr c phushr ah jijfufmök lj hftmvmlhljs quj kc fuepahk fck ahs jxmojkfmhs kcrehtmvhs y fceukmfhrahs mkejlmhthejktj h sus fcajohs j mkojkmjrc mkspjftcr jvmthklc hså pírlmlhs ehtjrmhajs. 8= Jspjfmgmfhr y prjfmshr acs eítclcs lj jijfufmök eès hljfuhlcs sjoùk ah hftmvmlhl quj sj jstí rjhamzhklc, jstc hfjajrh ja frckcorheh lj hftmvmlhljs smk lmsemkumr ah fhamlhl lja trhbhic. 8.<.8. Gukfm Gukfmckjs ckjs lja pjrsc pjrsckha kha tífkmfc tífkmfc lj ah cbrh lcklj ljshrrcaah ljshrrcaah ja trhbhi trhbhic c lj fhepc. Mko. Vupjrvmscr9 Lj fckgcremlhl fck ja hrtåfuac 8=6 lja Rjoahejktc, ah gu gukf kfmö mök k oj ojkír kírmf mfh h lj ljaa su supj pjrvm rvmsc scrr fcksm fcksmst stj j jk rj rjha hamz mzhr hr ja fc fckt ktrc rcaa lj ac acss trhbhics jk ah cbrh, fhutjahklc lj gcreh lmrjfth y pjrehkjktjejktj ah fcrrjfth jijfufmök lj ah cbrh y ja fuepamemjktc lja fcktrhtc Mko. Rjsmljktj9 js ja jkfhrohlc lj lmrmomr ah jijfufmök lj ah cbrh, fckgcrej h acs pahkcs y jspjfmgmfhfmckjs tífkmfhs jsthbajfmlhs jk ja prcyjftc lj cbrh Mko. Vjourmlhl9 Jahbcrh y jijfuth lj prcorhehs lj sjourmlhl y shaul cfuph cfuphfm fmck ckha ha.. Me Mepa paje jejk jkth th sm smst stje jeh h lj sj sjou ourm rmlh lhl l y shau shaul l cfup cfuphfm hfmck ckha ha.. Jahbcrh ja pahk hkuha lj Vjourmlhl y Vhaul cfuphfmckha. Cpjrh mklmfhlcrjs lj ojstmök. \cpöorhgc9 \cpöor hgc9 Js kcreha kcrehaejktj ejktj uk subfckt subfcktrhtmst rhtmsth, h, pjrc uk subfckt subfcktrhtmst rhtmsth h euy jspjfmha phrh ja fujrpc tífkmfc yh quj sj tmjkj ukh rjahfmök euy fjrfhkh y lmrjfth fck ía. Jk uk ecejktc u ctrc ah prjsjkfmh lja tcpöorhgc smjeprj js kjfjshrmh. @hbmtuhaejktj `hrè ahs vjfjs thebmík lj ljamkjhktj, ojkjrhklc acs pahkcs quj vhyhk smjklc kjfjshrmcs. Hsmstjktj tcpcorhgåh9 Acs hsmstjktjs lj tcpcorhgåh hyulhk h acs hphrjihlcrjs hphrji hlcrjs jk ah jahbcrhfmö jahbcrhfmök k lja fcstj lj acs prcyjftcs lj fckstr fckstruffmök. uffmök. Ja trhb trhbhi hic c fcks fcksms mstj tj jk ah jstm jstmeh ehfm fmök ök lj ahs ahs fhkt fhktml mlhl hljs js y fcst fcstjs js lj ehtjrmhajs y ehkc lj cbrh, pcr jijepac. \hebmík tcehk ejlmfmckjs mk smtu ukh vjz jstè jk ehrf`h uk prcyjftc phrh acs kmvjajs. 24 8.<.2 Tjrgm Tjrgmaa lja prcgjsm prcgjsmckha, ckha, lja lja pjrsc pjrsckha kha tífk tífkmfc mfc lj ah cb cbrh rh lckl lckljj ljshrrc ljshrrcaah aah ja trhbhic lj fhepc. TJRGMA TRCGJVMCKHA9 h) FHRRJ FHRRJRHV RHV TRCGJVMCK TRCGJVMCKHAJV9 HAJV9 Mko fmvma, fmvma, Hrqum Hrqumtjftur tjfturh, h, Fckthb Fckthbmamlhl mamlhl,, Hlemkmstrhfmök, Mko mklustrmha, Jtf. b) KMWJA HFHLJE HFHLJEMFC9 MFC9 Ù Ùatmec atmecss fmfac fmfacss lj prjgj prjgjrjkfmh rjkfmh ((=&84ec =&84ec)) f) JPT JPTJRM JRMJKF JKFMH MH AHBC AHBCRHA RHA99 Fck/Vmk Fck/Vmk jxpjr jxpjrmjk mjkfmh fmh l) FH FHTH THFM FM\H \HFM FMÖK ÖK99 j) JV JVTJ TJFM FMHAM HAMYH YHFM FMÖK ÖK99 Ah jeprjsh Fcshpm jk fuhktc ha rubrc lj fckstruffmök sj rjgmjrj fujkt fu jkth h fc fck k 67 pahz pahzhs hs phrh phrh prc prcgj gjsm smckh ckhaj ajss jk jktr trj j jaac jaacss tífk tífkmf mfcs cs j mkojkmjrcs jspjfmhamzhlcs jk ahs rhehs lj mkojkmjrmh fmvma, mkojkmjrmh ejfhk ej fhkmf mfh, h, mk mkoj ojkm kmjrm jrmh h ja jajft jftrm rmfh fh,, mk mkoj ojkm kmjr jrmh mh oj ojcac cacoh, oh, mk mkoj ojkm kmjr jrmh mh hebmjktha j mkojkmjråh mklustrmha. g) @HB @HBMAM MAMLHL LHLJV JV \ \JFK JFKMFH MFHV V ] HF\M HF\M\ZL \ZLMKH MKHAJV AJV99 Fckcfmemjktc lj mkgcreètmfh bèsmfh Ehkjic lj `jrrhemjkths lmomthajs @hbmamlhljs lj mkvjstmohfmök, jahbcrhfmök y jijfufmök lj prcyjftcs fck bhsj h su gcrehfmök prcgjsmckha. 28 Fhphfml Fhp hfmlhl hl lj ljs ljshrrc hrrcaah aahrr y gcrthaj gcrthajfjr fjr fce fcepjt pjtjkf jkfmhs, mhs, `hb `hbmam mamlhl lhljs, js, hptmtuljs, hftmtuljs, vmsmök y vhacrjs tjklmjktjs h fuepamr fck su rjspckshbmamlhl prcgjsmckha y scfmha Fubrmr ja kmvja lja mlmceh mkoaís quj sj jspjfmgmfh jk ja Trcorheh Mkstmtufmckha lj Ajkouh Jxtrhkijrh, lj hfujrlc fck ja pcrfjkthij lj hvhkfj jk ja prcorheh jlufhtmvc Fhphf Fh phfml mlhl hl lj ljtj ljtjff ffmö mök, k, hk hkèa èams msms ms y sc scauf aufmö mök k lj kjfjsm kjfjsmlh lhljs ljs y prcbajehs Fhphf Fh phfml mlhl hl lj vmkf vmkfua uahr hr ja fc fckc kcfm fmem emjkt jktc c tj tjörm örmfc fc fc fck k ah pr prèf èftmtmfh fh prcgjsmckha Fhphfmlhl lj hlhpthfmök y trhbhic jk jqumpc. 22 Rjgjrjkfmhs Hkckmec. Ljphrthejktc lj prhftmfhs prcgjsmckhajs. ^Jk aåkjhU ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.uhj`.jlu.ex/hlemkysjrv/ojsukmv/lmvSvmk/lmrSssprhft/prhftmfhs/ ljpSprhftprc.`te. Fcktrhacrmh. MkgcrejSFcktrcaS444?=-2487-FO. ^Jk aåkjhU ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttp9//agwjb.fcktrhacrmh.ocb.pj/BusfhlcrMkgcrejs/4/jlcf/6<62800/MkgcrejS FcktrcaS444?=-2487-FO-TRJW.plg. Fcshpm. 2488. Ljshrrcaac pjrsckha y prcgjsmckha. ^Jk aåkjhU 2488. ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Vmtj/Mkljx.hspx3hML504. FCVHTM. 2424. Ejecrmh hkuha 248=. ^Jk aåkjhU 28 lj 4< lj 2424. ^Fmthlc ja9 2428 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Zpachl/lcfuejktc/emsf/fcshpm-ejecrmh-hkuha- 248=.plg.. FCVHTM. 248=. Rjpcrtj lj Vcstjkmbmamlhl 248=. ^Jk aåkjhU 248=. ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Zpachl/rjvmsth/hrf`mvc/rjpcrtj-lj-scstjkmbmamlhl248=-fcshpm.plg. Fcshpm. Rjpcrtj lj scstjkmbmamlhl fcshpm 2482. ^Jk aåkjhU ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Zpachl/rjvmsth/hrf`mvc/rjpcrtjSljSscstjkmbmamlhl SfcshpmS2482.plg. 26 FCVHTM. FCVHT M. 248?. Rjvmsth fuhlrma fuhlrmaah ah 8?7. ^Jk aåkjhU 28 lj 40 lj 248?. ^Fmth ^Fmthlc lc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.fcshpm.fce.pj/Zpachl/bcajtmk/hrf`mvc/rjvmsthSfuhlrmaahS8?7.plg. FCV\C, RJWMV\H. Fhtjocrmh 9"FCVHTM". ^Jk aåkjhU ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//www.occoaj.fce/sjhrf`3 q5FCVHTM+CBRHV+FCHR&raz58F8OFJHSjkTJ=70TJ=70&scurfj5akes &tbe5msf`&sh5P&vjl52h`ZNJwi]ou\?eczzH`_cMAnO@VhaF:ZXSHZcH PcJFHJXHw&bmw58677&bm`572:&lpr58#meorf5msXKxie\opJ=HE. Amknjlmk. Fcephømh Fcshpm. ^Jk aåkjhU ^Fmthlc ja9 24 lj 4= lj 2428.U `ttps9//pj.amknjlmk.fce/fcephky/fcshpm. 2<