PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: HAVE / HAS + PARTICIPLE He visto, has llegado… -Acciones que tuvieron lugar en un momento indefinido del pasado pero son relevantes o están conectadas con el presente: Please, open the door. I’ve lost my keys.. -Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan hasta el presente: This show has been extremely successful -Acciones que sucedieron en el pasado pero dentro de un periodo de tiempo que aún no se ha acabado: I have been to Paris twice. Have you ever seen a UFO? PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE HAVE / HAS + BEEN + -ING He estado jugando, hemos estado leyendo -Acciones únicas o repetidas que empezaron en el pasado y continúan hasta el presente y en las que la duración de la acción es especialmente relevante: I’ve been playing with the same club for over a year PAST PERFECT HAD + PARTICIPLE Había visto, habían jugado -Acciones anteriores a otras acciones pasadas: She had already left when you phoned her. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE HAD + BEEN + -ING Había visto, habían jugado -Acciones progresivas anteriores a otras acciones pasadas. La duración de la acción es relevante porque: -La primera acción sigue en marcha cuando sucede la segunda: She had been reading for three hours when the lights went out. -La primera acción es la causa o tiene una influencia sobre la segunda: She was sweating because she had been jogging. 1. “Will” 1- volunteering to do something: She will remember She will not remember Will she remember? Angelo: I need a pencil. Sarah: I'll lend you mine. 2- deciding to do something at the time of speaking: -There’s no milk left. - I’ll go and buy some. 3- promising: I will never forget you. 4- talking about the far future, supposing, predicting...: People will live on the moon in 2025. 2. “Going to” 1- talking about something that has already been decided and planned before the moment of speaking: I am going to study math tonight. I am not going to study Are you going to study? Angelo: Have you registered for the class yet? Sarah: Not yet. I'm going to register tomorrow. 2- for predictions of what is going to happen based on objective facts. He is not studying at all; he is going to fail 3. Present Continuous She is leaving tomorrow She is not leaving Is she staying tonight? 1- talking about something that has already been arranged and we are going to do shortly: Angelo: Do you want to go to the movies tonight? Sarah: Sorry, I can't. I'm playing soccer. 2- explaining that we are about to do something: I am tired. I am going to bed now. 4. Present simple The film starts at 5 o’clock It doesn’t start at 5. Does it start at 5? 1- talking about a schedule, timetable or programme (for public transport, cinemas…) Angelo: What time does the next bus leave? Sarah: It leaves at six. Future Continuous / Progressive: will+ be + -ing - I will be flying / I will not be flying / Will you be flying? We use it to talk about something that will be happening at some moment in the future. I will be flying to London this time next week Future Perfect: Will + have + participle - I will have done / I will not have done / Will you have done We use it to talk about something that will have finished before a given moment in the future. I will have finished my studies in 2017
