ISO 10816-3-2009-Español

E\XÃOHCR
@OXEROCL@DOCN
@\D
3163:-<
\ekuohc eh`l`do
2110-12-13
Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc. Evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc
gãqu`oc geh`cote geh`l`does eo p`ezcs od k`rctdr`cs.
Qcrte <9
Gãqu`ocs `ohustr`cnes ldo pdteol`c odg`ocn super`dr c 35
m[ ylucohd
vendl`hches
odg`ocnes
eotre 321 r / g`o y 35,111 r /
g`o
se g`heo
eo en nukcr
Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc. Evcnucl`üo
Evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc geh`cote geh`l`does eo p`ezcs od
k`rctdr`cs. Qcrte <9 Gãqu`ocs `ohustr`cnes ldo pdteol`c odg`ocn super`dr c 35 m[ y vendl`hch he
juol`docg`eotd
juol`docg`eo
td odg`ocn eotre 321 r / g`o y 35,111 r / g`o, lucohd estão Geh`hd eo en nukcr
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Oùgerd he rejereol`c @\D
3163:-<9 2110 (E)
© @\D 2110
@\D 3163:-<9 2110 (E)
Heslcrkd he respdoscb`n`hch eo QHJ
Este crlf`vd QHJ puehe ldoteoer t`pds he netrc `olrustchds. He cluerhd ldo nc pdnçt`lc he n`leol`cs he Chdbe, este crlf`vd puehe `gpr`g`rse d v`sucn`zcrse, perd od hebe eh`tcrse c geods
que nds t`pds he netrc `olrustchds estào cutdr`zchds e `ostcnchds eo nc ldgputchdrc que recn`zc nc eh`l`üo. Cn heslcrkcr este crlf`vd, ncs pcrtes cleptco nc respdoscb`n`hch he od `ojr`ok`r nc
pdnçt`lc he n`leol`cs he Chdbe. Nc \elretcrçc Leotrcn he @\D od cleptc o`okuoc respdoscb`n`hch eo estc ãrec.
Chdbe es uoc gcrlc rek`strchc he Chdbe \ystegs @oldrpdrcteh.
Nds hetcnnes he nds prdhultds he sdjtwcre ut`n`zchds pcrc lrecr este crlf`vd QHJ se pueheo eoldotrcr eo nc @ojdrgcl`üo keoercn renct`vc cn crlf`vd= Nds pcrãgetrds he lrecl`üo he QHJ juerdo dpt`g`zchds pcrc nc
`gpres`üo. \e fco tdgchd tdhcs ncs prelcul`does pcrc kcrcot`zcr que en crlf`vd sec cheluchd pcrc en usd he nds drkco`sgds g`egbrds he @\D. Eo en lcsd `gprdbcbne he que se eolueotre uo prdbnegc rencl`dochd ldo
àn, `ojdrge c nc \elretcrçc Leotrcn c nc h`rell`üo que j`kurc c ldot`oucl`üo.
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HDLUGEOXD QRDXEK@HD QDR HERELFD\ HE CUXDR
© @\D 2110
Xdhds nds herelfds reservchds. C geods que se espel`j`que nd ldotrcr`d, o`okuoc pcrte he estc pubn`lcl`üo puehe ser reprdhul`hc d ut`n`zchc he o`okuoc jdrgc d pdr o`okùo geh`d,
eneltrüo`ld d gelão`ld, `olnuyeohd
`olnuyeohd jdtdldp`cs y g`lrdj`nges, s`o perg`sd pdr eslr`td he @\D eo nc h`rell`üo c ldot`oucl`üo d hen drkco`sgd g`eg
g`egbrd
brd he @\D eo en pcçs he en sdn`l`tcote
Dj`l`oc he herelfds he cutdr @\D QD Bdx 5: • LF-3233
K`oebrc 21 Xen. + 83 22 ;80 13 33 Jcx + 83 22 ;80 10
8; Ldrred eneltrüo`ld ldpyr`kftA`sd.
ldpyr`kftA`sd.drk
drk [eb
www.`sd.drk Qubn`lchd eo \u`zc
``
© @\D 2110 - Xdhds nds herelfds reservchds
@\D 3163:-<9 2110 (E)
Ldoteo`hd
Qãk`oc
Qründkd ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....... `v @otrdhull`üo .........................................
.................................................. .................................................. ............ v 3
Cnlcole ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .3
2
Rej
Rejere
ereol`c
ol`css odrgc
odrgct`v
t`vcs
cs .....
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<
Qrdleh`
Qrdleh`g`e
g`eotds
otds he geh
geh`l`ü
`l`üo
o y ldoh`l`d
ldoh`l`does
oes dper
dperct`
ct`vcs
vcs ....
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88
Gãqu`oc he lncs`j`lcl`üo ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 5
55
Zcndrcl`üo................................................. .................................................. ............................................ :
Coexd C ( odrgct`vd) Nçg`tes hen ãrec he evcnucl`üo ............................................... ......................................... 31
B`bn`dkrcjçc ................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .32
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© @\D 2110 - Xdhds nds herelfds reservchds
```
@\D 3163:-<9 2110 (E)
Qrejcl`d
@\D (Drkco`zcl`üo @oterocl`docn he Odrgcn`zcl`üo) es uoc jehercl`üo guoh`cn he drkco`sgds ocl`docnes he odrgcn`zcl`üo (drkco`sgds g`egbrds he @\D). En trcbcid he
prepcrcl`üo he Odrgcs @oterocl`docnes se nnevc c lcbd odrgcngeote c trcvàs he ldg`tàs tàlo`lds he @\D. Lchc drkco`sgd g`egbrd `oteresch
`otereschd
d eo uo tegc pcrc en lucn se fc
estcbnel`hd uo ldg`tà tàlo`ld t`eoe herelfd c estcr represeotchd eo ese ldg`tà. Ncs drkco`zcl`does `oterocl`docnes, kuberocgeotcnes y od kuberocgeotc
kuberocgeotcnes,
nes, eo ldncbdrcl`üo
ldo @\D, tcgb`ào pcrt`l`pco eo en trcbcid. @\D ldncbdrc estrelfcgeote ldo nc Ldg`s`üo Eneltrdtàlo`lc @oterocl`docn (@EL) eo tdhds nds csuotds he odrgcn`zcl`üo
eneltrdtàlo`lc. Ncs Odrgcs @oterocl`docnes
@oterocl`docnes se rehcltco he cluerhd ldo ncs rekncs estcbnel`hcs eo ncs H`relt`vcs @\D / @EL, Qcrte 2. Nc tcrec pr`ol`pcn he nds ldg`tàs tàlo`lds
es prepcrcr ncs Odrgcs @oterocl`docnes. Nds prdyeltds he odrgcs `oterocl`docnes chdptchds pdr nds ldg`tàs tàlo`lds se h`str`buyeo c nds drkco`sgds g`egbrds pcrc su
vdtcl`üo. Nc pubn`lcl`üo ldgd odrgc `oterocl`docn requ`ere nc cprdbcl`üo he cn geods en ;5% he nds drkco`sgds g`egbrds que eg`teo uo vdtd. \e nncgc nc cteol`üo sdbre nc
pds`b`n`hch he que cnkuods he nds enegeotds he este hdlugeotd puehco estcr suietds c herelfds he pcteote. @\D od serã respdoscbne he `heot`j`lcr o`okuod d tdhds nds
herelfds he pcteote. @\D 3163:-< jue prepcrchc pdr en Ldg`tà Xàlo`ld @\D / XL 316, @\D od serã respdoscbne he `heot`j`lcr o`okuod d tdhds nds herelfds he pcteote. @\D
3163:-< jue prepcrchc pdr en Ldg`tà Xàlo`ld @\D / XL 316, @\D od serã respdoscbne he `heot`j`lcr o`okuod d tdhds nds herelfds he pcteote. @\D 3163:-< jue prepcrchc pdr en
Ldg`tà Xàlo`ld @\D / XL 316, Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc, gdo`tdred he kdnpes y ldoh`l`does, \ubldg`tà \L 2, Geh`l`üo y evcnucl`üo he v`brcl`does gelão`lcs y kdnpes cpn`lchds c
gãqu`ocs, vefçlunds y estrulturcs.
Estc sekuohc eh`l`üo lcolenc y reegpnczc nc pr`gerc eh`l`üo (@\D 3163:-<9 3006). En lcgb`d pr`ol`pcn es nc en`g`ocl`üo he bdgbcs hen cnlcole, que
cfdrc se trctco eo @\D 3163:-;. @\D 3163: ldostc he ncs s`ku`eotes pcrtes, bcid en tçtund keoercn Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc. Evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc
gãqu`oc geh`cote geh`l`does eo p`ezcs od k`rctdr`cs9
•
Qcrte 39 pcutcs keoercnes
•
Qcrte 29 turb`ocs he vcpdr terrestres y keoerchdres he gãs he 51 G[ ldo vendl`hches he dpercl`üo odrgcnes he 3,511 r / g`o, 3,611 r / g`o, <,111
r / g`o y <,:11 r / g`o
•
Qcrte <9 gãqu`ocs `ohustr`cnes ldo pdteol`c odg`ocn
odg`ocn super`dr c 35 m[ y vendl`hches
vendl`hches odg`ocnes eotre 321 r / g`o y 35,111 r / g`o lucohd se g`heo eo
en nukcr
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Qcrte 89 Ldoiuotds he turb`ocs he kcs ldo ldi`oetes he pençlunc jnu`hc
•
Qcrte 59 iuekds he gãqu`ocs eo pncotcs he keoercl`üo y bdgbed he eoerkçc f`hrãun`lc
•
Qcrte :9 gãqu`ocs relçprdlcs ldo pdteol`cs super`dres c 311 m[
•
Qcrte ;9 Bdgbcs rdtdh`oãg`lcs pcrc cpn`lcl`does `ohustr`cnes, `olnu`hcs geh`l`does eo eies rdtct`vds.
`v
© @\D 2110 - Xdhds nds herelfds reservchds
@\D 3163:-<9 2110 (E)
@otrdhull`üo
@\D 3163:-3 es en hdlugeotd bãs`ld que heslr`be nds requ`s`tds keoercnes pcrc evcnucr nc v`brcl`üo
v` brcl`üo he vcr`ds t`pds he gãqu`ocs lucohd ncs geh`l`does
he v`brcl`üo se recn`zco eo p`ezcs od k`rctdr`cs. Estc pcrte he @\D 3163: prdpdrl`doc uoc kuçc espelçj`lc pcrc evcnucr nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo
geh`hc eo rdhcg`eotds, pehestcnes he rdhcg`eotds d lcrlcscs he gãqu`ocs `ohustr`cnes lucohd se recn`zco geh`l`does. eo en nukcr.
\e prdpdrl`doco hds lr`ter`ds pcrc evcnucr nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc. Uo lr`ter`d ldos`herc nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo dbservchc= en sekuohd ldos`herc
nds lcgb`ds eo nc gcko`tuh. \`o egbcrkd, hebe reldodlerse que estds lr`ter`ds od ldost`tuyeo nc ùo`lc bcse pcrc iuzkcr nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo. Qcrc
cnkuods t`pds he gãqu`ocs, tcgb`ào es ldgùo iuzkcr nc v`brcl`üo eo juol`üo he ncs geh`l`does recn`zchcs eo nds eies rdtct`vds. Nds requ`s`tds
r equ`s`tds y lr`ter`ds
he geh`l`üo he nc v`brcl`üo hen eie se cbdrhco eo hdlugeotds sepcrchds,
sepcrchds, c scber, @\D ;030-3 ]3W e @\D ;030-< ]2W.
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© @\D 2110 - Xdhds nds herelfds reservchds
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E\XÃOHCR @OXEROCL@DOCN
@\D 3163:-<9 2110 (E)
Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc. Evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc geh`cote
geh`l`does eo p`ezcs od k`rctdr`cs.
Qcrte <9
Gãqu`ocs `ohustr`cnes ldo pdteol`c odg`ocn super`dr c 35 m[ y vendl`hches
odg`ocnes eotre 321 r / g`o y 35,111 r / g`o lucohd se g`heo eo en nukcr
3 Cnlcole
Estc pcrte he @\D 3163: prdpdrl`doc lr`ter`ds pcrc evcnucr nds o`venes he v`brcl`üo lucohd se recn`zco geh`l`does eo en nukcr. Nds lr`ter`ds espel`j`lchds se cpn`lco c nds
ldoiuotds he gãqu`ocs que t`eoeo uoc pdteol`c super`dr c 35 m[ y vendl`hches he juol`docg`eotd eotre 321 r / g`o y 35,111 r / g`o.
Nds iuekds he gãqu`ocs lub`ertds pdr estc pcrte he @\D 3163: `olnuyeo9
•
turb`ocs he vcpdr ldo pdteol`c he fcstc 51 G[=
•
turb`ocs
turb`ocs he vvcpdr
cpdr ld
ldo
o uoc pd
pdteol`
teol`c
c supe
super`dr
r`dr c 51 G[ y ve
vendl`h
ndl`hche
chess `ojer`
`ojer`dres
dres c 3.
3.511
511 r / g`o d su
super`
per`dres
dres c <.
<.:11
:11 r / g`o (o
(od
d `olnu
`olnu`hcs
`hcs e
eo
o @\D
3163:-2)=
•
ldgpresdres rdtct`vds=
•
turb`ocs he kcs `ohustr`cnes ldo pdteol`c he fcstc < G[=
•
keoerchdres=
•
gdtdres enàltr`lds he lucnqu`er t`pd=
•
\dpnchdres d veot`nchdres.
ODXC
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\`o egbcrkd, nds lr`ter`ds he v`brcl`üo preseotchds eo estc pcrte he @\D 3163: keoercngeote sdnd sdo cpn`lcbnes c nds veot`nchdres
ldo pdteol`cs super`dres c <11 m[ d veot`nchdres que od sdo ldgpct`bnes he jdrgc jnex`bne. Lucohd ncs l`rluostcol`cs nd perg`tco, se prepcrcrão
reldgeohcl`does pcrc dtrds t`pds he veot`nchdres, `olnu`hds cquennds ldo uoc ldostrull`üo he lfcpc getãn`lc n`v`coc. Fcstc ese gdgeotd, ncs lncs`j`lcl`does se
pueheo cldrhcr eotre en jcbr`lcote y en ln`eote, ut`n`zcohd nds resuntchds he nc exper`eol`c dperct`vc prev`c, ver tcgb`ào @\D 38:08 ] 8W.
Nd s`ku`eote estã exlnu`hd he estc pcrte he @\D 3163:9
•
krup
krupds
ds enel
eneltrüke
trükeods
ods he tu
turb`oc
rb`ocss he vcpd
vcpdrr terres
terrestres
tres ldo u
uoc
oc pdt
pdteol`c
eol`c ssuper
uper`dr
`dr c 51 G[ y ve
vendl`h
ndl`hche
chess he 3.51
3.511
1 r / g`o, 3.6
3.611
11 r / g`o, <.1
<.111
11 r / g`o d
<.:11 r / g`o (vàcse @\D 3163:-2)=
•
turb`o
turb`ocs
cs h
he
e kc
kcss ldo
ldo uo
uoc
cp
pdte
dteol`
ol`c
c su
super
per`dr
`dr c < G
G[
[ (v
(ver
er @@\D
\D 3
3163
163:-8
:-8)=
)=
•
iuekds he gãqu`ocs eo pncotcs he keoercl`üo y bdgbed he eoerkçc f`hrãun`lc
f`hrãun`lc (ver @\D 3163:-5)=
•
gã
gãqu`
qu`ocs
ocs cldpnc
cldpnchcs
hcs c gãqu
gãqu`oc
`ocss re
relçp
lçprdl
rdlcs
cs ((ver
ver @\D 316
3163:3:-:)=
:)=
© @\D 2110 - Xdhds nds herelfds reservchds
3
@\D 3163:-<9 2110 (E)
•
bdgbcs rdtdh`oãg`lcs que `olnuyeo gdtdres enàltr`lds `otekrchds, es hel`r, hdohe en `gpunsdr estã gdotchd h`reltcgeote eo en eie hen gdtdr d estã
rçk`hcgeote uo`hd c àn (ver @\D 3163:-;)=
•
ldgpresdres rdtct`vds he hespnczcg`eotd pds`t`vd (pdr eiegpnd, ldgpresdres he tdro`nnd)=
•
ldg
ldgpre
presdre
sdress cnt
nter
ero
oct`v
ct`vd
ds=
•
bdgbcs relçprdlcs=
•
gdtdbdgbcs su
sug
gerk`hcs=
•
turb`ocs he v`eotd.
Nds lr`ter`ds he estc pcrte he @\D 3163: se cpn`lco c eo en nukcr geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo he bcohc colfc tdgchcs eo nds ldi`oetes, pehestcnes he
ldi`oetes d lcrlcsc he gãqu`ocs eo ldoh`l`does he juol`docg`eotd eo estchd estcbne heotrd hen rcokd he vendl`hch he juol`docg`eotd odg`ocn \e
rencl`doco tcotd ldo ncs pruebcs he cleptcl`üo ldgd ldo en gdo`tdred dperct`vd. Nds lr`ter`ds he evcnucl`üo he estc pcrte he @\D 3163: estão h`seóchds
pcrc cpn`lcrse c s`tucl`does he gdo`tdred ldot`oud y od ldot`oud.
Estc pcrte he @\D 3163: cbcrlc gãqu`ocs que pueheo teoer eokrcocies d ldi`oetes he enegeotds rdhcotes, perd od cbdrhc nc evcnucl`üo he h`ckoüst`ld
hen estchd he esds eokrcocies d ldi`oetes.
Nds lr`ter`ds sdo cpn`lcbnes sdnd pcrc nc v`brcl`üo prdhul`hc pdr en ldoiuotd he nc gãqu`oc y od pcrc nc v`brcl`üo que se trcosg`te cn ldoiuotd he nc
gãqu`oc heshe jueotes exterocs.
2 Rejereol`cs odrgct`vcs
Nds s`ku`eotes hdlugeotds rejereol`chds sdo eseol`cnes pcrc nc cpn`lcl`üo he este hdlugeotd. Qcrc ncs rejereol`cs ldo jelfc, sünd se cpn`lc nc eh`l`üo
l`tchc. Qcrc rejereol`cs s`o jelfc, se cpn`lc nc ùnt`gc eh`l`üo hen hdlugeotd rejereol`chd (`olnu`hcs ncs eog`eohcs). @\D 80:, Ldohull`üo y gãqu`ocs
cll`dochcs
cll`dochc
s - Cnturcs he eie
@\D 2058, Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc he gcqu`ocr`c rdtct`vc y rel`prdlcote. Requ`s`tds pcrc `ostrugeotds pcrc geh`r nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo
@\D 3163:-3, Z`brcl`üo gelão`lc. Evcnucl`üo
Evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc geh`cote geh`l`does eo p`ezcs od k`rctdr`cs. Qcrte 39 H`reltr`les keoercnes
< Qrdleh`g`eotds he geh`l`üo y ldoh`l`does dperct`vcs.
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<.3 Keoercn
Nds prdleh`g`eotds keoercnes he geh`l`üo estão he cluerhd ldo @\D 3163:-3, suietds c ncs reldgeohcl`do
reldgeohcl`does
es espel`j`lchcs c ldot`oucl`üo.
<.2 Equ`pds he geh`hc
En equ`pd he geh`l`üo hebe ser lcpcz he geh`r nc v`brcl`üo luchrãt`lc geh`c luchrãt`lc (rgs) he bcohc colfc ldo respuestc pncoc eo uo rcokd he
jrelueol`c he cn geods 31 Fz c 3111 Fz he cluerhd ldo nds requ`s`tds he @\D 2058. Hepeoh`eohd he nds lr`ter`ds he v`brcl`üo , estd puehe requer`r
geh`l`does he hespnczcg`eotd d vendl`hch d ldgb`ocl`does he estds (ver @\D 3163:-3). \`o egbcrkd, pcrc gãqu`ocs ldo vendl`hches lerlcocs d
`ojer`dres c :11 r / g`o, en nçg`te `ojer`dr hen rcokd he jrelueol`c he respuestc pncoc od hebe ser super`dr c 2 Fz. ODXC
\` en equ`pd he geh`l`üo tcgb`ào se vc c ut`n`zcr ldo j`oes he h`ckoüst`ld, uo nçg`te he jrelueol`c super`dr c
3111 Fz pueheo ser oelescr`ds.
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\e hebe teoer lu`hchd pcrc csekurcr que en s`stegc he geh`l`üo od està `ojnueol`chd pdr jcltdres cgb`eotcnes ldgd9
•
vcr`cl`does he tegpercturc=
•
lcgpds gckoàt`lds=
•
lcgpds sdodrds=
•
vcr`cl`does he jueote he eoerkçc=
•
ndok`tuh hen lcbne hen trcoshultdr=
•
Dr`eotcl`üo hen trcoshultdr.
\e hebe prestcr espel`cn cteol`üo pcrc kcrcot`zcr que nds trcoshultdres he v`brcl`does estào gdotchds ldrreltcgeote y que h`lfds gdotcies od
hekrcheo nc prel`s`üo he ncs geh`l`does.
<.< Nukcres he geh`l`üo
Qdr nd keoercn, se tdgcrão geh`hcs eo pcrtes expuestcs he nc gãqu`oc c ncs que odrgcngeote se puehe clleher. \e hebe teoer lu`hchd pcrc kcrcot`zcr
que ncs geh`l`does represeoteo rczdocbnegeote nc v`brcl`üo he nc lcrlcsc hen rdhcg`eotd y od `olnuyco o`okuoc resdocol`c d cgpn`j`lcl`üo ndlcn. Ncs
ub`lcl`does y h`rell`does he ncs geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo heberão ser tcnes que prdpdrl`doeo uoc seos`b`n`hch cheluchc c ncs juerzcs h`oãg`lcs he nc
gãqu`oc. Qdr nd keoercn, estd requer`rã hds ub`lcl`does he geh`l`üo rch`cn drtdkdocn eo lchc tcpc he rdhcg`eotd d pehestcn, ldgd se guestrc eo nc J`kurc
3 (pcrc gãqu`ocs gdotchcs fdr`zdotcngeote) y nc J`kurc 2 (pcrc gãqu`ocs gdotchcs vert`lcngeote).
ODXC
J`kurc 2, tdgchc he @EL :11<8-389 211< ] 5W guestrc uo gdtdr gdotchd vert`lcngeote eo uoc pnclc he clerd sün`hc d
br`hc (pdr eiegpnd, he uoc gãqu`oc cll`dochc) ldo uo dr`j`l`d eo en leotrd he nc exteos`üo hen eie. En dbiet`vd pr`ol`pcn he estc j`kurc es `heot`j`lcr nds puotds he geh`l`üo
pcrc uoc gãqu`oc vert`lcn.
Nds trcoshultdres pueheo ldndlcrse eo lucnqu`er pds`l`üo cokuncr eo nds sdpdrtes d pehestcnes he nds rdhcg`eotds. Ncs h`rell`does vert`lcnes y
fdr`zdotcnes keoercngeote se prej`ereo pcrc gãqu`ocs gdotchcs fdr`zdotcngeote. Qcrc gãqu`ocs vert`lcnes d `oln`ochcs, nc ub`lcl`üo que prdpdrl`doc nc
nelturc he v`brcl`üo gãx`gc, keoercngeote eo nc h`rell`üo hen eie enãst`ld, hebe ser uoc he ncs ut`n`zchcs. Eo cnkuods lcsds, puehe reldgeohc
reldgeohcrse
rse geh`r
tcgb`ào eo nc h`rell`üo cx`cn (vàcse 5.2.8). Ncs ub`lcl`does y h`rell`does espelçj`lcs se rek`strcrão ldo nnc
c geh`l`üo.
\e puehe uscr uo sdnd trcoshultdr eo uoc tcpc he ldi`oete d pehestcn eo nukcr hen pcr gãs tçp`ld he trcoshultdres drtdkdocnes s` se scbe que prdpdrl`doc
`ojdrgcl`üo cheluchc sdbre nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc. \`o egbcrkd, se hebe teoer prelcul`üo cn evcnucr nc v`brcl`üo he uo sdnd
trcoshultdr eo uo pncod he geh`l`üo, yc que puehe od estcr dr`eotchd pcrc prdpdrl`docr uoc cprdx`gcl`üo rczdocbne cn vcndr gãx`gd eo ese pncod.
<.8 Gdo`tdred ldot`oud y od ldot`oud
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Es uoc prãlt`lc ldgùo eo gcqu`ocr`c
g cqu`ocr`c krcohe d lrçt`lc `ostcncr `ostrugeotds pcrc en gdo`tdred ldot`oud eo nçoec he nds vcndres he v`brcl`üo eo nds puotds lncve
he geh`l`üo. Qcrc gulfcs gãqu`ocs, pr`ol`pcngeote ncs he pequeód tcgcód d pdteol`c, en gdo`tdred ldot`oud he nds pcrãgetrds he v`brcl`üo od se nnevc c
lcbd oelescr`cgeote. Lcgb`ds eo en hesequ`n`br`d
hesequ`n`br`d,, en reoh`g`eotd hen rdhcg`eotd, nc cn`oecl`üo, etl. puehe heteltcrse ldo suj`l`eote j`cb`n`hch c pcrt`r he
geh`l`does per`üh`lcs ldo `ostrugeotds
`ostrugeotds `ostcnchds he jdrgc pergcoeote d he gcod. En usd he ldgputchdrcs pcrc en coãn`s`s he teoheol`cs y nc chverteol`c
ldotrc en gcn juol`docg`eotd tcgb`ào se estã vdnv`eohd gãs ldgùo.
<.5 Ldoh`l`does dpercl`docnes
Ncs geh`l`does se nnevcrão c lcbd lucohd en rdtdr y nds ldi`oetes pr`ol`pcnes fcyco cnlcozchd sus tegpercturcs odrgcnes he juol`docg`eotd eo estchd
estcl`docr`d y ldo nc gãqu`oc juol`docohd eo ldoh`l`does espelçj`lcs, pdr eiegpnd c vendl`hch, vdntcie, jnuid, pres`üo y lcrkc odg`ocnes.
Eo gãqu`ocs ldo vendl`hches d lcrkcs vcr`cbnes, ncs geh`l`does se recn`zcrão eo tdhcs ncs ldoh`l`does eo ncs lucnes se esperc que nc gãqu`oc dpere
pdr perçdhds prdndokchds. En vcndr gãx`gd geh`hd eo estcs ldoh`l`does se ldos`hercrã represeotct`vd he nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo.
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\` nc v`brcl`üo geh`hc es gcydr que nds lr`ter`ds he cleptcl`üo perg`t`hds y se sdspelfc uoc v`brcl`üo he jdohd exles`vc, ncs geh`l`does hebeo
recn`zcrse ldo nc gãqu`oc cpckchc pcrc heterg`ocr en krchd he `ojnueol`c exteroc. \` nc v`brcl`üo ldo nc gãqu`oc estcl`docr`c exlehe en 25% hen vcndr
geh`hd lucohd nc gãqu`oc estã juol`docohd,
juol`docohd, puehe ser oelescr`c uoc cll`üo ldrrelt`vc pcrc rehul`r en ejeltd he nc v`brcl`üo
v `brcl`üo he jdohd. ODXC
Eo cnkuods lcsds, en ejeltd he nc v`brcl`üo he jdohd puehe ser counchd pdr coãn`s`s he espeltrd d en`g`ocohd en
jueote exteroc djeos`vc.
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ODXC
Ncs geh`l`does se recn`zcrão eo nc lcrlcsc hen ldi`oete d, s` od es clles`bne, eo pds`l`does nd gãs lerlcocs pds`bne
c nds cndicg`eotds he rdhcg`eotds que prdpdrl`doco uoc seos`b`n`hch cheluchc c ncs juerzcs h`oãg`lcs he nc gãqu`oc.
J`kurc 3 - Quotds he geh`l`üo pcrc uoc gãqu`oc gdotchc fdr`zdotcngeote
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ODXC
Ncs geh`l`does se recn`zcrão eo nc lcrlcsc hen ldi`oete d, s` od es clles`bne, eo pds`l`does nd gãs lerlcocs pds`bne
c nds cndicg`eotds he rdhcg`eotds que prdpdrl`doco uoc seos`b`n`hch cheluchc c ncs juerzcs h`oãg`lcs he n c gãqu`oc.
J`kurc 29 puotds he geh`l`üo pcrc uoc gãqu`oc gdotchc vert`lcngeote
8 gãqu`oc he lncs`j`lcl`üo
8.3 Keoercn
Eo estc pcrte he @\D 3163:, nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo se lncs`j`lc he cluerhd ldo nds s`ku`eotes pcrãgetrds9
•
gcqu`oc t`t`p`lc=
•
pdteol`c odg`ocn d cnturc hen eie=
•
s`stegc he sdpdrte he jnex`b`n`hch.
8.2 Lncs`j`lcl`üo sekùo en t`pd he gãqu`oc, pdteol`c odg`ocn d cnturc hen eie
Ncs h`jereol`cs s`ko`j`lct`vcs eo en h`seód, t`pd d rdhcg`eotds y estrulturcs he sdpdrte requ`ereo uoc sepcrcl`üo eo hds krupds he gãqu`ocs h`jereotes
(nc cnturc hen eie, F estã he cluerhd ldo @\D 80:). Ncs gãqu`ocs he estds hds krupds pueheo teoer eies fdr`zdotcnes, vert`lcnes d `oln`ochds y pueheo
gdotcrse sdbre sdpdrtes rçk`hds d jnex`bnes.
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Krupd 39 Gãqu`ocs krcohes ldo pdteol`c odg`ocn super`dr c <11 m[= gãqu`ocs enàltr`lcs ldo cnturc he eie F [ <35 gg.
Estcs gãqu`ocs odrgcngeote t`eoeo ldi`oetes he gcoku`td. En rcokd he vendl`hches dperct`vcs d odg`ocnes es renct`vcgeote cgpn`d y vcrçc he 321 r / g`o
c 35,111 r / g`o.
Krupd 29 Gãqu`ocs geh`cocs ldo uoc pdteol`c odg`ocn super`dr c 35 m[ fcstc <11 m[ `olnus`ve= gcqu`ocs eneltr`lcs ldo cnturc he eie 3:1 gg tu F > <35
gg.
Estcs gãqu`ocs odrgcngeote t`eoeo rdhcg`eotds he enegeotds rdhcotes y vendl`hches he dpercl`üo super`dres c :11 r / g`o. ODXC 3 Nc cnturc hen eie, F he
uoc gãqu`oc se hej`oe he cluerhd ldo @\D 80: ldgd nc h`stcol`c, geh`hc eo nc gãqu`oc n`stc pcrc nc eotrekc, eotre nc nçoec leotrcn hen eie y en pncod bcse he
nc gãqu`oc g`sgc (ver J`kurc 3). ODXC 2 Nc cnturc hen eie he uoc gãqu`oc s`o p`es, d uoc gãqu`oc ldo p`es enevchds, d lucnqu`er gãqu`oc vert`lcn, hebe
tdgcrse ldgd nc cnturc hen eie he uoc gãqu`oc eo en g`sgd bcst`hdr bãs`ld, perd hen t`pd he gdotcie fdr`zdotcn hen p`e hen eie. Lucohd se hesldodle en
gcrld, se hebe uscr nc g`tch hen h`ãgetrd he nc gãqu`oc.
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8.< Lncs`j`lcl`üo sekùo jnex`b`n`hch he sdpdrte
\e ut`n`zco hds ldoh`l`does pcrc lncs`j`lcr nc jnex`b`n`hch hen eoscgbncie he sdpdrte eo h`rell`does espelçj`lcs9
•
sdpdrtes rçk`hds=
•
\dpdrtes jjnnex`bnes.
Estcs ldoh`l`does he sdpdrte estão heterg`ochcs pdr nc rencl`üo eotre nc gãqu`oc y ncs jnex`b`n`hches he nds l`g`eotds. \` nc jrelueol`c octurcn gãs bcic
he nc gãqu`oc ldgb`ochc y en s`stegc he sdpdrte eo nc h`rell`üo he geh`l`üo es gcydr que su jrelueol`c he exl`tcl`üo pr`ol`pcn (eo nc gcydrçc he nds
lcsds, nc jrelueol`c he rdtcl`üo) eo cn geods uo 25%, eotdoles en s`stegc he sdpdrte puehe ldos`hercrse rçk`hd eo ese sseot`hd.
eot`hd. h`rell`üo. Xdhds nds
hegãs s`stegcs he sdpdrte pueheo ldos`hercrse jnex`bnes.
Ldgd eiegpnds tçp`lds, nds gdtdres enàltr`lds krcohes y geh`cods, pr`ol`pcngeote ldo bcics vendl`hches, odrgcngeote teohrçco sdpdrtes rçk`hds, g`eotrcs que
nds turbdkeoerchdres d ldgpresdres ldo uoc pdteol`c super`dr c 31 G[ y nds ldoiuotds he gãqu`ocs vert`lcnes keoercngeote teohrçco sdpdrtes jnex`bnes.
Eo cnkuods lcsds, uo ldoiuotd he sdpdrte puehe ser rçk`hd eo uoc h`rell`üo he geh`l`üo y jnex`bne eo nc dtrc. Qdr eiegpnd, nc jrelueol`c octurcn gãs bcic
eo nc h`rell`üo vert`lcn puehe estcr guy pdr eol`gc he nc jrelueol`c he exl`tcl`üo pr`ol`pcn, g`eotrcs que nc
n c jrelueol`c octurcn fdr`zdotcn puehe ser
ldos`hercbnegeote
ldos`hercbnegeo
te geodr. Xcn s`stegc serçc rçk`hd eo en pncod vert`lcn perd jnex`bne eo en fdr`zdotcn. Eo tcnes lcsds, nc v`brcl`üo hebe evcnucrse he
cluerhd ldo nc lncs`j`lcl`üo he sdpdrte que ldrrespdohe c nc h`rell`üo he geh`l`üo.
\` nc lncse he uo s`stegc he sdpdrte he gãqu`oc od puehe heterg`ocrse jãl`ngeote c pcrt`r he h`buids y lãnlunds, puehe heterg`ocrse geh`cote pruebcs.
5 Evcnucl`üo
5.3 Keoercn
@\D 3163:-3 prdpdrl`doc uoc heslr`pl`üo keoercn
keoercn he nds hds lr`ter`ds he evcnucl`üo ut`n`zchds pcrc evcnucr nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo eo vcr`cs lncses
he gãqu`ocs. Uo lr`ter`d ldos`herc nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo he bcohc colfc dbservchc= en sekuohd ldos`herc nds lcgb`ds he gcko`tuh,
`ohepeoh`eotegeote
`ohepeoh`e
otegeote he s` ssdo
do cugeotds d h`sg`oul`does.
5.2 Lr`ter`d @9 gcko`tuh he v`brcl`üo
5.2.3 Keoercn
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Este lr`ter`d se rej`ere c nc hej`o`l`üo he nçg`tes pcrc nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo ldos`steote ldo lcrkcs h`oãg`lcs cleptcbnes eo nds rdhcg`eotds y uoc
trcosg`s`üo he v`brcl`üo cleptcbne cn geh`d cgb`eote c trcvàs he nc estrulturc he sdpdrte y nc bcse. Nc gcko`tuh he v`brcl`üo gãx`gc dbservchc eo
lchc rdhcg`eotd d pehestcn se evcnùc ldotrc ncs zdocs he evcnucl`üo pcrc nc lncse he sdpdrte. Ncs zdocs he evcnucl`üo se fco estcbnel`hd c pcrt`r he nc
exper`eol`c `oterocl`docn.
5.2.2 Evcnucl`üo he zdoc
Ncs s`ku`eotes zdocs he evcnucl`üo estão hej`o`hcs pcrc perg`t`r uoc evcnucl`üo lucn`tct`vc he nc v`brcl`üo he uoc gãqu`oc heterg`ochc y prdpdrl`docr
pcutcs sdbre pds`bnes cll`does.
Ydoc C9 Nc v`brcl`üo he ncs gãqu`ocs rel`ào puestcs eo serv`l`d odrgcngeote lce heotrd he estc zdoc.
Ydoc B9 Ncs gãqu`ocs ldo v`brcl`üo heotrd he estc zdoc odrgcngeote se ldos`herco cleptcbnes pcrc uoc dpercl`üo c ncrkd pnczd s`o restr`ll`does.
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Ydoc L9 Ncs gãqu`ocs ldo v`brcl`üo heotrd he estc zdoc odrgcngeote se ldos`herco `osct`sjcltdr`cs pcrc nc dpercl`üo ldot`ouc c ncrkd pnczd. Keoercngeote,
nc gãqu`oc puehe juol`docr hurcote uo perçdhd n`g`tchd eo estc ldoh`l`üo fcstc que suric uoc dpdrtuo`hch cheluchc pcrc uoc cll`üo ldrrelt`vc.
Ydoc H9 Nds vcndres he v`brcl`üo heotrd he estc zdoc odrgcngeote se ldos`herco he krcvehch suj`l`eote pcrc lcuscr hcóds c nc gãqu`oc.
Nds vcndres ougàr`lds cs`kochds c nds nçg`tes he nc zdoc od estão hest`ochds c serv`r ldgd espel`j`lcl`does he cleptcl`üo, que estcrão suietcs c uo
cluerhd eotre en jcbr`lcote he nc gãqu`oc y en ln`eote. \`o egbcrkd, estds vcndres prdpdrl`doco pcutcs pcrc kcrcot`zcr que se ev`teo hej`l`eol`cs krcves d
requ`s`tds pdld recn`stcs. Eo l`ertds lcsds, puehe fcber lcrclterçst`lcs espelçj`lcs csdl`chcs ldo uoc gãqu`oc eo pcrt`luncr que requer`rçco en usd he
h`jereotes vcndres he nçg`te he zdoc (gcydr d geodr). Eo tcnes lcsds, odrgcngeote es oelescr`d que en jcbr`lcote expn`que ncs rczdoes he estd y, eo
pcrt`luncr, ldoj`rge que nc gãqu`oc od estcrçc eo pen`krd cn dpercr ldo vcndres he v`brcl`üo gãs cntds.
5.2.< Evcnucl`üo he nçg`tes he zdoc
Nds vcndres pcrc nds nçg`tes he zdoc que se hco eo nc Xcbnc C.3 y nc Xcbnc C.2 se bcsco eo nds vcndres gãx`gds he vendl`hch y hespnczcg`eotd he bcohc
colfc lucohd se tdgco geh`l`does he hds trcoshultdres rch`cnes dr`eotchds drtdkdocngeote.
drtdkdocngeote. Qdr nd tcotd, cn uscr estcs tcbncs, se hebe uscr en vcndr
gãs cntd he lchc uod he nds vcndres geh`hds he nds hds trcoshultdres eo lchc pncod he geh`l`üo. Lucohd nds vcndres gãx`gds geh`hds he vendl`hch y
hespnczcg`eotd se ldgpcrco ldo nds vcndres ldrrespdoh`eotes eo nc Xcbnc C.3 y nc Xcbnc C.2, se cpn`lcrã nc zdoc he krcvehch gãs restr`lt`vc.
5.2.8 Z`brcl`üo cx`cn
Od es uoc prãlt`lc ldgùo geh`r nc v`brcl`üo cx`cn eo nds ldi`oetes pr`ol`pcnes he lcrkc
l crkc rch`cn hurcote en gdo`tdred dperct`vd ldot`oud. H`lfcs geh`l`does
se ut`n`zco pr`ol`pcngeote hurcote estuh`ds per`üh`lds he v`brcl`üo d ldo j`oes he h`ckoüst`ld. L`ertcs jcnncs se heteltco gãs jãl`ngeote eo nc h`rell`üo
cx`cn. Qdr en gdgeotd, nds lr`ter`ds espelçj`lds he v`brcl`üo cx`cn sdnd se hco eo en lcsd he nds ldi`oetes he egpuie hdohe nc v`brcl`üo cx`cn se
ldrrencl`doc ldo punscl`does cx`cnes que pdhrçco lcuscr hcóds c ncs superj`l`es he lcrkc
l crkc cx`cn. Nds lr`ter`ds he nc
n c Xcbnc C.3 y nc Xcbnc C.2 se cpn`lco c nc
v`brcl`üo rch`cn eo tdhds nds rdhcg`eotds y c nc v`brcl`üo cx`cn eo nds rdhcg`eotds cx`cnes.
5.< Lr`ter`d @@9 lcgb`d eo nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo
Este lr`ter`d prdpdrl`doc uoc evcnucl`üo he uo lcgb`d eo nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo heshe uo vcndr he rejereol`c prev`cgeote estcbnel`hd. Quehe prdhul`rse
uo lcgb`d s`ko`j`lct`vd eo nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo he bcohc colfc, nd que requ`ere l`ertc cll`üo cuoque od se fcyc cnlcozchd nc zdoc L hen Lr`ter`d @.
Xcnes lcgb`ds pueheo ser `ostcotãoeds d prdkres`vds ldo en t`egpd y pueheo `oh`lcr hcóds `ol`p`eotes d cnkuoc dtrc `rrekuncr`hch. En lr`ter`d @@ se espel`j`lc
sdbre nc bcse hen lcgb`d eo nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo he bcohc colfc que dlurre eo ldoh`l`does he juol`docg`eotd eo estchd estcl`docr`d.
estcl`docr`d. Ncs
ldoh`l`does he juol`docg`eotd eo estchd estcl`docr`d hebeo `oterpretcrse pcrc `olnu`r pequeóds lcgb`ds eo nc pdteol`c he nc gãqu`oc d eo ncs ldoh`l`does
dperct`vcs.
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Lucohd se cpn`lc en Lr`ter`d @@, ncs geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo que se ldgpcrco se tdgcrão eo nc g`sgc ub`lcl`üo y dr`eotcl`üo hen trcoshultdr, y eo
cprdx`gchcgeote
cprdx`gchcgeo
te ncs g`sgcs ldoh`l`does he juol`docg`eotd he nc gãqu`oc. Nds lcgb`ds dbv`ds eo ncs gcko`tuhes he v`brcl`üo odrgcnes,
`ohepeoh`eotegeote
`ohepeoh`eo
tegeote he su lcot`hch tdtcn, hebeo `ovest`kcrse pcrc ev`tcr uoc s`tucl`üo pen`krdsc. Lucohd uo cugeotd d h`sg`oul`üo eo nc gcko`tuh he nc
v`brcl`üo exlehe en 25% hen vcndr super`dr he nc zdoc B, ldgd se hej`oe eo nc Xcbnc C.3 y nc Xcbnc C.2, h`lfds lcgb`ds hebeo ldos`hercrse s`ko`j`lct`vds,
pcrt`luncrgeote s` sdo repeot`ods. Ncs `ovest`kcl`does he h`ckoüst`ld hebeo `o`l`crse pcrc heterg`ocr nc rczüo hen lcgb`d y heterg`ocr quà cll`does
ch`l`docnes sdo cprdp`chcs. ODXC
En vcndr hen 25% se prdpdrl`doc ldgd uoc kuçc pcrc uo lcgb`d s`ko`j`lct`vd eo nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo, perd dtrds vcndres
se puehe uscr sekùo nc exper`eol`c ldo uoc gãqu`oc espelçj`lc.
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5.8 Nçg`tes dpercl`docnes
Qcrc nc dpercl`üo c ncrkd pnczd, es uoc prãlt`lc ldgùo estcbneler nçg`tes dperct`vds he v`brcl`üo. Estds nçg`tes tdgco nc jdrgc he CNCRGC\ y Z@CIE\.
CNCRGC\ Qcrc prdpdrl`docr uoc chverteol`c he que se fc cnlcozchd uo vcndr hej`o`hd he v`brcl`üo d he que se fc prdhul`hd uo lcgb`d s`ko`j`lct`vd, eo en que
pueheo ser oelescr`cs geh`hcs ldrrelt`vcs. Eo keoercn, s` dlurre uoc s`tucl`üo he CNCRGC, nc dpercl`üo puehe ldot`oucr hurcote uo perçdhd g`eotrcs se nnevco c
lcbd `ovest`kcl`does
`ovest`kcl`does pcrc `heot`j`lcr nc rczüo hen lcgb`d eo nc v`brcl`üo y hej`o`r lucnqu`er cll`üo ldrrelt`vc.
EVLUR\@DOE\9 Qcrc espel`j`lcr nc gcko`tuh he nc v`brcl`üo gãs cnnã he nc lucn uoc dpercl`üo ch`l`docn he nc gãqu`oc puehe lcuscr hcóds. \` se
exlehe en nçg`te he H@\QCRD, se hebeo tdgcr geh`hcs `ogeh`ctcs pcrc rehul`r nc v`brcl`üo d se hebe cpckcr nc gãqu`oc.
\e pueheo espel`j`lcr h`jereotes nçg`tes dperct`vds, que rejneico h`jereol`cs eo nc lcrkc h`oãg`lc y nc r`k`hez hen sdpdrte, pcrc h`jereotes pds`l`does y
h`rell`does he geh`l`üo.
5.8.3 Ldoj`kurcl`üo he CNCRGC\
Nds nçg`tes he CNCRGC pueheo vcr`cr ldos`hercbnegeote, fcl`c crr`bc d fcl`c cbcid, pcrc h`jereotes gãqu`ocs. Nds vcndres enek`hds odrgcngeote se estcbnelerão eo rencl`üo
ldo uo vcndr he rejereol`c heterg`ochd c pcrt`r he nc exper`eol`c pcrc nc pds`l`üo d h`rell`üo he geh`l`üo pcrc esc gãqu`oc eo pcrt`luncr.
\e reldg`eohc que en nçg`te he CNCRGC se estcbnezlc pdr eol`gc he nc nçoec he bcse eo uoc lcot`hch `kucn cn 25% hen nçg`te super`dr he nc zdoc B. \` nc nçoec he
bcse es bcic, nc CNCRGC puehe estcr pdr hebcid he nc zdoc L.
Lucohd od fcy uoc nçoec he bcse estcbnel`hc (pdr eiegpnd, ldo uoc gãqu`oc ouevc), nc ldoj`kurcl`üo he CNCRGC `o`l`cn hebe bcscrse eo nc exper`eol`c ldo
dtrcs gãqu`ocs s`g`ncres d eo rencl`üo ldo nds vcndres he cleptcl`üo cldrhchds. Hespuàs he uo perçdhd he t`egpd, se estcbnelerã en vcndr he rejereol`c he
estchd estcbne y nc ldoj`kurcl`üo
ldoj`kurcl`üo he CNCRGC hebe ciustcrse eo ldoselueol`c.
ldoselueol`c.
\e reldg`eohc que en nçg`te he CNCRGC od exlehc odrgcngeote 3,25 veles en nçg`te super`dr he nc zdoc B. \` nc nçoec he bcse he estchd estcbne lcgb`c (pdr
eiegpnd, hespuàs he uoc rev`s`üo he nc gãqu`oc), nc ldoj`kurcl`üo he CNCRGC hebe rev`scrse eo ldoselueol`c.
5.8.2 Estcbnel`g`eotd he nds CHQ@L
Nds nçg`tes he H@\QCRD keoercngeote se rencl`doco ldo nc `otekr`hch gelão`lc he nc gãqu`oc y hepeoheo he lucnqu`er lcrclterçst`lc he h`seód espelçj`lc que
se fcyc `otrdhul`hd pcrc perg`t`r que nc gãqu`oc res`stc juerzcs h`oãg`lcs codrgcnes. Nds vcndres ut`n`zchds, pdr nd tcotd, keoercngeote serão nds g`sgds pcrc
tdhcs ncs gãqu`ocs he h`seód s`g`ncr y odrgcngeote od estcrçco rencl`dochds ldo en vcndr he rejereol`c he estchd estcl`docr`d ut`n`zchd pcrc ldoj`kurcr
CNCRGC\.
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\`o egbcrkd, puehe fcber h`jereol`cs pcrc ncs gãqu`ocs he h`seód h`jereote y od es pds`bne hcr pcutcs lncrcs pcrc nds nçg`tes cbsdnutds he XR@Q. Eo
keoercn, en nçg`te XR@Q estcrã heotrd he nc zdoc
z doc L d H, perd se reldg`eohc que en nçg`te XR@Q od exlehc 3,25 veles en nçg`te super`dr he nc zdoc L.
5.5 Qrdleh`g`eotds / lr`ter`ds ldgpnegeotcr`ds
Nc geh`l`üo y evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc hchc eo estc pcrte he @\D 3163: puehe ldgpnegeotcrse ldo geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo hen eie y
nds lr`ter`ds cpn`lcbnes hchds eo @\D ;030-< ]2W. Es `gpdrtcote reldodler que od ex`ste uoc gcoerc s`gpne he rencl`docr nc v`brcl`üo he nc lcrlcsc hen
rdhcg`eotd ldo nc v`brcl`üo hen eie, d v`leversc. Nc h`jereol`c eotre ncs geh`l`does cbsdnutcs y renct`vcs hen eie estã rencl`dochc ldo nc v`brcl`üo he nc
lcrlcsc hen rdhcg`eotd, perd puehe od ser ougàr`lcgeote `kucn heb`hd c ncs h`jereol`cs he ãokund he jcse. Qdr nd tcotd, lucohd nds lr`ter`ds he estc
pcrte he @\D 3163: y nds he @\D ;030-< ]2W cgbds se cpn`lco eo nc evcnucl`üo he nc v`brcl`üo he nc gãqu`oc, se hebeo recn`zcr geh`l`does
`ohepeoh`eotes
`ohepeoh`e
otes he nc v`brcl`üo hen eie y nc lcrlcsc hen rdhcg`eotd (d pehestcn). \` nc cpn`lcl`üo he nds h`jereotes lr`ter`ds nnevc c h`jereotes evcnucl`does
he nc krcvehch he nc v`brcl`üo, se ldos`herc
l dos`herc que se cpn`lc nc lncs`j`lcl`üo he zdoc gãs restr`lt`vc.
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5.: Evcnucl`üo bcschc eo nc `ojdrgcl`üo hen veltdr he v`brcl`üo
Nc evcnucl`üo ldos`herchc eo estc pcrte he @\D 3163: se n`g`tc c nc v`brcl`üo he bcohc colfc s`o rejereol`c c nds ldgpdoeotes he jrelueol`c d jcse.
Estd, eo nc gcydrçc he nds lcsds, serã cheluchd pcrc ncs pruebcs he cleptcl`üo y pcrc j`oes he gdo`tdred dperct`vd. \`o egbcrkd, pcrc j`oes he
gdo`tdred he ldoh`l`üo c ncrkd pnczd y pcrc h`ckoüst`lds, en usd he nc `ojdrgcl`üo hen veltdr he vv`brcl`üo
`brcl`üo es pcrt`luncrgeote ùt`n pcrc heteltcr y hej`o`r
lcgb`ds eo en estchd h`oãg`ld he nc gãqu`oc. Eo cnkuods lcsds, estds lcgb`ds pcscrçco hescperl`b`hds cn uscr sdnd geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo he bcohc
colfc (ver, pdr eiegpnd, @\D 3163:-3).
Nc `ojdrgcl`üo he v`brcl`üo rencl`dochc ldo nc jcse y nc jrelueol`c se ut`n`zc lchc vez gãs pcrc j`oes he gdo`tdred y h`ckoüst`ld. \`o egbcrkd, nc
espel`j`lcl`üo he lr`ter`ds pcrc estd estã gãs cnnã hen cnlcole cltucn he estc pcrte he @\D 3163:.
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Coexd C
(odrgct`vd)
Evcnucl`üo hen ãrec he nçg`tes
\e fc heslub`ertd que nc vendl`hch he v`brcl`üo es suj`l`eote pcrc lcrclter`zcr nds vcndres he nçg`te he zdoc he v`brcl`üo eo uoc cgpn`c kcgc he t`pds he
gãqu`ocs y vendl`hches he dpercl`üo he gãqu`ocs. Nc lcot`hch he evcnucl`üo pr`ol`pcn es, pdr nd tcotd, en vcndr ej`lcz kndbcn he nc vendl`hch he v`brcl`üo. ODXC
Eo gulfds lcsds, erc ldstugbre geh`r nc v`brcl`üo ldo `ostrugeotds eslcnchds pcrc neer en p`ld eo nukcr he rgs
vcndres he v`brcl`üo
\` nc jdrgc he dohc he v`brcl`üo es bãs`lcgeote uoc s`ousd`he ùo`lc, ex`ste uoc rencl`üo s`gpne eotre nds vcndres p`ld y rgs y nds nçg`tes he zdoc eo ncs tcbncs
se pueheo exprescr jãl`ngeote eo vcndres lerd c p`ld gunt`pn`lcohd pdr 2 d eo vcndres p`ld c p`ld gunt`pn`lcohd pdr 2 2. Cnteroct`vcgeote, nds vcndres geh`hds
he v`brcl`üo he lerd c p`ld pueheo h`v`h`rse pdr 2 y iuzkcrse sekùo nds lr`ter`ds rgs he nc Xcbnc C.3 d nc Xcbnc C.2.
Qcrc gulfcs gãqu`ocs, es ldgùo que nc v`brcl`üo sec prehdg`ocotegeote c nc jrelueol`c he juol`docg`eotd he nc gãqu`oc. Qcrc tcnes lcsds y lucohd se g`heo
vcndres gãx`gds he v`brcl`üo eo nukcr he vcndres ej`lcz, se pueheo ldostru`r tcbncs equ`vcneotes c ncs Xcbncs C.3 y C.2. Nds nçg`tes he zdoc he ncs tcbncs hchcs se
gunt`pn`lco pdr uo jcltdr he 2 pcrc prdhul`r tcnes tcbncs equ`vcneotes pcrc evcnucr nc sever`hch he nc v`brcl`üo gãx`gc s` sdnd fcy uoc jrelueol`c preseote.
\e reldodle que en usd he uo sdnd vcndr he vendl`hch he v`brcl`üo, `ohepeoh`eotegeote he nc jrelueol`c, puehe ldohul`r c hespnczcg`eotd
hespnczcg`eotdss he v`brcl`üo
`ocleptcbnegeote
`ocleptcbnege
ote krcohes. Estd es pcrt`luncrgeote l`ertd pcrc gãqu`ocs ldo bcics vendl`hches he dpercl`üo lucohd en ldgpdoeote he v`brcl`üo he uoc
vez pdr revdnul`üo es hdg`ocote. Hen g`sgd gdhd, nds lr`ter`ds he vendl`hch ldostcote pcrc gãqu`ocs ldo cntcs vendl`hches he dpercl`üo, d ldo uoc
eoerkçc he v`brcl`üo s`ko`j`lct`vc ldoleotrchc eo uo rcokd he cntc jrelueol`c, pueheo ldohul`r c vcndres he clenercl`üo `ocleptcbnegeote cntds.
@hecngeote, nds lr`ter`ds he cleptcl`üo hebeo prdpdrl`docrse eo tàrg`ods he hespnczcg`eotd, vendl`hch y clenercl`üo, sekùo en rcokd he vendl`hch y en
t`pd he gãqu`oc. Eo nc cltucn`hch, s`o egbcrkd, nds vcndres nçg`te he nc zdoc he v`brcl`üo se hco sdnd eo tàrg`ods he vendl`hch y hespnczcg`eotd. \e
preseotco eo nc jdrgc keoercn he nc Xcbnc C.3 y nc Xcbnc C.
Nds nçg`tes se cpn`lco c nds vcndres rgs he bcohc colfc he vendl`hch he v`brcl`üo y hespnczcg`eotd eo en rcokd he jrelueol`c he 31 Fz c 3111 Fz, d pcrc
gãqu`ocs ldo vendl`hches `ojer`dres c :11 r / g`o he 2 Fz c 3111 Fz. Eo nc gcydrçc he nds lcsds, es suj`l`eote pcrc geh`r sdnd nc vendl`hch he v`brcl`üo. \` se
esperc que en espeltrd he v`brcl`üo ldoteokc ldgpdoeotes he bcic jrelueol`c, nc evcnucl`üo hebe bcscrse eo geh`l`does he bcohc colfc tcotd he vendl`hch
ldgd he hespnczcg`eotd. Ncs gãqu`ocs he tdhds nds krupds se pueheo `ostcncr eo sdpdrtes rçk`hds d jnex`bnes. Qcrc cgbds, se prdpdrl`doco h`jereotes vcndres
he zdoc he evcnucl`üo eo nc Xcbnc C.3 y nc Xcbnc C.2. Ncs pcutcs pcrc nc lncs`j`lcl`üo he sdpdrte se hco eo nc Lnãusunc 8.
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Xcbnc C.3 - Lncs`j`lcl`üo he zdocs he sever`hch he v`brcl`üo pcrc gãqu`ocs hen Krupd 39 Gãqu`ocs krcohes ldo
pdteol`c odg`ocn super`dr c <11 m[ y od super`dr c 51 G[= gãqu`ocs enàltr`lcs ldo cnturc he eie
F [ <35 gg
Lncse he cpdyd
Rçk`hd
Jnex`bne
Ydoc nçg`te
hespnczcg`eotd rgs
vendl`hch ej`lcz
µg
gg / s
C / BB
20
2.<
/ LL /
5;
8.5 8.5
H
01
;.3
C / BB
85
<.5
/ LL /
01
;.3
H
381
33,1
Xcbnc C.2 - Lncs`j`lcl`üo he zdocs he sever`hch he v`brcl`üo pcrc gãqu`ocs hen Krupd 29 Gãqu`ocs geh`cocs ldo pdteol`c odg`ocn
super`dr c 35 m[ fcstc <11 m[ `olnus`ve= gcqu`ocs eneltr`lcs ldo eie
cnturc 3:1 gg tu F > <35 gg
Lncse he cpdyd
Rçk`hd
Jnex`bne
Ydoc nçg`te
hespnczcg`eotd rgs
vendl`hch ej`lcz
µg
gg / s
C / BB
22
3.8
/ LL /
85
2.6
H
;3
8.5 8.5
C / BB
<;
2.<
/ LL /
;3
8.5 8.5
H
33<
;.3
ODXC 3 Estds vcndres se cpn`lco c ncs geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo rch`cn eo tdhds nds ldi`oetes, pehestcnes he ldi`oetes d cndicg`eotds he gãqu`ocs y c ncs geh`l`does he v`brcl`üo
cx`cn eo ldi`oetes he egpuie eo ldoh`l`does he juol`docg`eotd he estchd estcl`docr`d c nc vendl`hch odg`ocn d heotrd hen rcokd he vendl`hch espel`j`lchd. Od se cpn`lco lucohd nc
gãqu`oc estã pcscohd pdr uoc ldoh`l`üo trcos`tdr`c (es hel`r, lcgb`d he vendl`hch d lcrkc).
ODXC 2 \do pds`bnes vcndres h`jereotes y / d gãs cntds pcrc gãqu`oc
gãqu`ocss espelçj`lcs d ldoh`l`does espel`cne
espel`cness he sdpdrte y dpercl`üo. Xdhds estds lcsds
estão suietds c uo cluerhd eotre en jcbr`lcote y en ln`eote.
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