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Índice de figuras
Figura 1.1: Calle las Torres......................................................................................................... 3
Figura 1.2: Enrique Cood con Calle San Jorge........................................................................... 4
Figura 2.1: Paradero simple ...................................................................................................... 14
Figura 2.2: Paradero dividido ................................................................................................... 15
Figura 2.3: Diseño de parada y bahía ....................................................................................... 20
Figura 4.1: Ubicación de paraderos según Google Maps ......................................................... 34
Figura 4.2: Layout del tramo de estudio ................................................................................... 35
Figura 4.3: Recorrido línea 702 Top Tur .................................................................................. 38
Figura 4.4: Primer paradero informal e inicio de recorrido en calle las Torres........................ 40
Figura 4.5: Último paradero informar y fin del tramo en estudio............................................. 41
Figura 4.6: Perfil de carga medición de subida. ....................................................................... 42
Figura 4.7: Tasa de ocupación de microbuses .......................................................................... 43
Figura 4.8: Pasajeros en espera de microbús ............................................................................ 43
Figura 4.9: Herramientas Vissim 7.00 ...................................................................................... 45
Figura 4.10: Configuración línea de transporte público. .......................................................... 46
Figura 4.11: Configuración de paraderos. ................................................................................ 46
Figura 4.12: Paradero en PTV Vissim. ..................................................................................... 47
Figura 5.1: Layout situación actual con solución. .................................................................... 54
Figura 5.2: Paradero fijo en red de estudio. .............................................................................. 55
Figura 5.3: Paradero con señalización. ..................................................................................... 56
Figura 5.4: Pasajeros abordan los microbuses situación calibrada. .......................................... 58
Figura 5.5: Gráfico comparativo de microbuses en circulación. .............................................. 59
Figura 5.6: Gráfico diferencia de tiempo de viaje. ................................................................... 60
Figura 5.7: Gráfico diferencia detenciones............................................................................... 61
Figura A2.1:Segundo paradero informal. ................................................................................. 72
Figura A2.2: Tercer paradero informal..................................................................................... 73
Figura A2.3: Cuarto paradero informal. ................................................................................... 73
Figura A2.4: Quinto paradero informal. ................................................................................... 74
Figura A2.5: Sexto paradero informal. ..................................................................................... 74
Figura A2.6: Séptimo paradero informal. ................................................................................. 75
Figura A2.7: Octavo paradero informal.................................................................................... 75
Figura A2.8: Noveno paradero informal................................................................................... 76
Figura A2.9: Décimo paradero informal................................................................................... 76
Figura A2.10: Undécimo paradero informal............................................................................. 77
Figura A2.11: Duodécimo paradero informal........................................................................... 77
AAA
Índice de tablas
Tabla 2.1: Valores de Za para distintas probabilidades............................................................. 11
Tabla 2.2: Eficiencia de sitios linealmente dispuestos en paraderos ........................................ 11
Tabla 2.3: Ventajas y desventajas de ubicación de paraderos .................................................. 18
Tabla 2.4:Valores para determinación del tipo de prioridad .................................................... 23
Tabla 4.1: Características del sector ......................................................................................... 36
Tabla 4.2: Características del sector. ........................................................................................ 36
Tabla 4.3: Velocidad de microbuses......................................................................................... 37
Tabla 4.4: Resumen de datos empresa Top Tur........................................................................ 39
Tabla 4.5: Conteo estación de transferencia ............................................................................. 40
Tabla 4.6: Datos ingresados PTV VISSIM............................................................................... 44
Tabla 4.7: Indicadores de rendimiento arrojado en PTV VISSIM. .......................................... 49
Tabla 4.8: Situación actual calibrada de pasajeros comparada con datos tomados en terreno. 50
Tabla 4.9: Situación actual calibrada de transporte público comparada con datos tomados en
terreno. ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Tabla 4.10: Situación actual calibrada de detenciones comparada con lo observado en terreno.
.................................................................................................................................................. 51
Tabla 5.1: Identificación de tipo de diseño de paraderos. ........................................................ 54
Tabla 5.2: Distancia entre paraderos......................................................................................... 55
Tabla 5.3: Pasajeros que abordan el transporte público............................................................ 57
Tabla 5.4:Comparación de circulación de buses de transporte público.................................... 58
Tabla 5.5: Comparación de tiempos de viajes .......................................................................... 59
Tabla 5.6: Indicador de rendimiento de propuesta de solución ................................................ 60
Tabla A1.1: Conteo primera estación de transferencia............................................................. 67
Tabla A1.2: Conteo segunda estación de transferencia. ........................................................... 67
Tabla A1.3: Conteo tercera estación de transferencia. ............................................................. 67
Tabla A1.4: Conteo cuarta estación de transferencia................................................................ 68
Tabla A1.5: Conteo quinta estación de transferencia. .............................................................. 68
Tabla A1.6: Conteo sexta estación de transferencia. ................................................................ 69
Tabla A1.7: Conteo séptima estación de transferencia. ............................................................ 70
Tabla A1.8: Conteo octava estación de transferencia. .............................................................. 70
Tabla A1.9: Conteo novena estación de transferencia.............................................................. 71
Tabla A1.10: Conteo décima estación de transferencia............................................................ 71
Tabla A1.11: Conteo último paradero en estudio ..................................................................... 72
AN
Glosario
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Resumen
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1 Introducción
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1.1 Antecedentes
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1.2 Situación problema
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<=K<=D9K 9E@9KL9D9K 9E
;GFLAFM9;A]F K=HJ=K=FL9D9"A?MJ9 Q"A?MJ9 D9HJAE=J9<==DD9K;GJJ=KHGF<= 9 ;9DD=
D9K/GJJ=K <GF<= K= AFA;A9=DJ=;GJJA<G <=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G =F=DD9 K=G:K=JN9D99MK=F;A9<=
H9NAE=FL9;A]F K=[9DAR9;A]F Q H9J9<=JGK >ABGK !F D9 K=?MF<9 ADMKLJ9;A]F D9 ;M9D =K ;9DD=
!FJAIM= GG< ;GF .9F &GJ?= ;GJJ=KHGF<= 9D >AF9D <=D LJ9EG =KLM<A9<G =F 9IM=D K=;LGJ K=
G:K=JN9 D9 9MK=F;A9 <= <AK=[G Q <= H9J9<=JGK >ABGK ;9:= <=KL9;9J IM= =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G
LJ9FKAL9HGJ=KL=DM?9JQJ=9DAR9D9^DLAE9LGE9<=H9K9B=JGK H9J99KY;GFLAFM9J=DJ=;GJJA<G=F
<AJ=;;A]F9D;=FLJG<=19DH9J9YKG
Figura 1.1: Calle las Torres.
Fuente: Recuperado de google maps (mayo,2019)
Figura 1.2: Enrique Cood con Calle San Jorge.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps (mayo, 2019).
1.3 Justificación del problema
'9 9MK=F;A9<=<AK=[GNA9D=F=JJG-G;M9FL9>=;L9<AJ=;L9E=FL=9DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GQ9DGK
MKM9JAGK J=KA<=FL=K <=D K=;LGJ HJAF;AH9DE=FL= HGJ D9 9MK=F;A9 <= <=E9J;9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK
<=>AFA<GK Q ;AJ;MD9;A]F ;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL= 9 D9 <=E9F<9 IM= HJ=K=FL9 =D LJ9EG <= =KLM<AG !D
LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GHJ=K=FL9J=LJ9KGK=F=DALAF=J9JAG ;GFKL9FL=K<=L=F;AGF=KQ:9B9;AJ;MD9;A]F
<=EA;JG:MK=K DG;MJJAJDG9FL=JAGJ D9E9QGJY9<=DGKMKM9JAGKGHL9FHGJMLADAR9JLJ9FKHGJL=
HJAN9<G DG IM= >AF9DE=FL= =F ;GFK=;M=F;A9 ?=F=J9 MF9 E9QGJ ;GF?=KLA]F =F =D ;=FLJG <= D9
;AM<9< <=:A<G 9 D9 9DL9 ;9FLA<9< <= N=@Y;MDGK Q EA;JG:MK=K ;AJ;MD9F<G =F MF @GJ9JAG =F
;GE^F .AF=E:9J?G =KL99DL=JF9LAN9 FG=KD9J=9DA<9<<= LG<9K D9KH=JKGF9K <=D:9JJAG <=:A<G
9IM=<=:=FMLADAR9J=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GH9J9HG<=JDD=?9J9<=KLAFG
J9YR <= D9 9MK=F;A9 <= H9J9<=JGK =F =D K=;LGJ DGK MKM9JAGK ?=F=J9F H9J9<=JGK AF>GJE9D=K
HJGNG;9F<GIM= 9DGD9J?G<=DJ=;GJJA<GDGKEA;JG:MK=K K=<=:9F <=L=F=J <=E9F=J9;GFKL9FL=
DGIM=?=F=J9MFJ=LJ9KGL9FLGH9J9DGKMKM9JAGK;GEGH9J9DGK;@G>=J=K<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G
+GJGLJGD9<G =DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G9DFG<9J;MEHDAEA=FLG9DALAF=J9JAG?=F=J9MFJ=LJ9KG=FD9
>J=;M=F;A9 IM= HGK==F DGK EA;JG:MK=K HJGNG;WF<GK= 9KY =D <=K;GFL=FLG <= DGK ;@G>=J=K Q
MKM9JAGK <=:A<G 9 D9K D9J?9K =KH=J9K 0F >9;LGJ AEHGJL9FL= IM= 9>=;L9 9 9E:GK 9;LGJ=K =K D9
:9B9;AJ;MD9;A]F<=EA;JG:MK=KIM==PAKL==F;=JJG-G;M9FLQ9IM==FD99;LM9DA<9<KGDGK=AK
EA;JG:MK=KK==F;M=FLJ9F9;LANGKH9J9K9LAK>9;=JD9KF=;=KA<9<=K<=D;=JJG=F=KLM<AG
!KHGJDG9FL=JAGJ IM=9DJ=9DAR9J=DHJ=K=FL==KLM<AGK=:MK;9 MF9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F;GJJ=;L9 <=
H9J9<=JGKH9J99KY <AKEAFMAJD9L9J<9FR9<=DGKMKM9JAGK=FD9DD=?9<99KM<=KLAFGQ9KMN=R
DG?J9J=D;GJJ=;LG;MEHDAEA=FLG<=DALAF=J9JAG<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GHJGHM=KLG HGJ/GH/MJ Q
9KYL9E:AXF 9ME=FL9JD9;9FLA<9<<=EA;JG:MK=KIM=;AJ;MD9F=F=DK=;LGJ !KHGJ=KLGIM= K=
;GFKA<=J9FDGKKA?MA=FL=KH9JWE=LJGK.M:A<9Q:9B9<9 <=H9K9B=JGK ;9H9;A<9<<=H9J9<=JGKQ
LA=EHG <= <=KH=B= <= DGK EA;JG:MK=K ;9H9;A<9< <= =KL9;AGF=K <= LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 <=EGJ9K Q
<=L=F;AGF=K H9J9D9AF;GJHGJ9;A]F<=<AK=[G=F=DK=;LGJ=AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK>ABGK
=F=DLJ9EGK=[9D9<G
1.4 Objetivos
1.4.1 Objetivo general
-=9DAR9J?=KLA]F<=H9J9<=JGK=F9JJAG*b$A??AFK =FMFLJ9EGIM=;GEHJ=F<=<=K<= ;9DD= D9K
/GJJ=K @9KL9!FJAIM=GG<;GF ;9DD= .9F &GJ?= ;GF=DHJGH]KALG<=E=BGJ9J DGK AF<A;9<GJ=K <=
J=F<AEA=FLG<= <=EGJ9 <=L=F;AGF=K Q LA=EHG <= NA9B= 9 LJ9NXK <=KAEMD9;A]F<= 9DL=JF9LAN9K
1.4.2 Objetivos específicos

-=NAK9JD9L=GJY9Q DGK LJ9:9BGK 9KG;A9<GK9D=KLM<AG H9J9 9KY <=L=JEAF9JDGKAF<A;9<GJ=K
<=J=F<AEA=FLGKJ=D=N9FL=KE=<A9FL=G:K=JN9;AGF=KQ9FWDAKAK

!D9:GJ9J MF ;9L9KLJG >YKA;G GH=J9LANG <= D9 <=E9F<9 <=D K=;LGJ Q <=D KAKL=E9 <=
LJ9FKHGJL= H9J9 <=L=JEAF9J D9K <=L=F;AGF=K Q <=EGJ9K IM= K= HJ=K=FL9F 9 LJ9NXK <=
<9LGK=FL=JJ=FG

-=9DAR9J MF9 KAEMD9;A]F<=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D<=D;GEHGJL9EA=FLG<=DLJ9FKHGJL=Q<=
D9K H=JKGF9K H9J9 DM=?G G:L=F=J <AKLAFL9K HJGHM=KL9K <= KGDM;A]F HGJ E=<AG <=
KAEMD9<GJ=K

#=F=J9JHJGHM=KL9<=9DL=JF9LAN9KH9J9AEHD=E=FL9JH9J9<=JGK=F=DK=;LGJ9LJ9NXK<=
KAEMD9;A]F=FHJG?J9E9+/11%..%(

!N9DM9J MLADA<9< <= D9K HJGHM=KL9K HD9FL=9<9K H9J9 D9 =D=;;A]F <= D9 9DL=JF9LAN9 <=
KGDM;A]F;GFN=FA=FL= H9J9=DHJGQ=;LG E=<A9FL=D9;GEH9J9;A]F<=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D
1.5 Metodología
+9J9DD=N9J9;9:GDGKG:B=LANGKHJGHM=KLGK=F=DHJGQ=;LG =FHJAE=JDM?9J K=<=:=F J=NAK9JDGK
E9FM9D=K Q <G;ME=FLGK ;GEG -! !10 Q "=JFWF<=R 'M=?G 9F9DAR9J =D
;GEHGJL9EA=FLG 9;LM9D IM= LA=F= D9 <=E9F<9 <=D K=;LGJQ <=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G =F @GJ9 HMFL9
E9[9F9 LJ9NXK <= D9 K9DA<9 9 L=JJ=FG =F <GF<= K= 9F9DAR9 =D ;GEHGJL9EA=FLG<=D9<=E9F<9Q
<=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G K= :MK;9 G:L=F=J ;MWD=K KGF DGK HJAF;AH9D=K >9;LGJ=K IM= 9>=;L9F 9D
LJ9FKHGJL=Q9DGKH9K9B=JGK
+GJ GLJG D9<G K= J=9DAR9 MF 9FWDAKAK <= D9 KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D =PHGFA=F<G ;M9D=K KGF D9K
;GF<A;AGF=K IM= HJ=K=FL9 =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G DGK MKM9JAGK D9K ;9J9;L=JYKLA;9K >YKA;9K Q
GH=J9LAN9K<=DK=;LGJ QD9 HJAGJA<9< <=AEHD=E=FL9JDGKH9J9<=JGK
.= J=9DAR9=D=KLM<AG <=D;GEHGJL9EA=FLG<=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D ;GF =D;GFL=G <= =KL9;A]F<=
LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 G:L=FA<G=FL=JJ=FG <GF<=K= EA<= D9K<=L=F;AGF=K <=EGJ9K =DLA=EHG<= KM:A<9
Q:9B9<9<=DGKH9K9B=JGK<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G D9L9K9<=G;MH9;A]F ;9H9;A<9<<=H9J9<=JG Q
H9K9B=JGKIM=FGDG?J9F9:GJ<9J=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G <=K;JA:A=F<G;9<9MF9<=D9KKALM9;AGF=K
IM=K=N9FHJ=K=FL9F<G 0FHMFLGAEHGJL9FL=H9J9;GFKA<=J9J =K D9<=E9F<9IM=K==F;M=FLJ9
=F =DLJ9EG H9J99F9DAR9J=FIMXK=;LGJ=K=KF=;=K9JA9D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK
.=HJG;=<=9 J=9DAR9JDGK ;WD;MDGK<=<=L=F;AGF=KQ<=EGJ9KIM= LA=F= =DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G =K
<=;AJ ;MWFLG =K =D LA=EHG <= H9J9<9 =F =D K=;LGJ ;GF E9QGJ >DMBG <= H9K9B=JGK Q ;M9D =K =D
LA=EHG<=KM:A<9Q:9B9<9K<==DDGK +GJGLJGD9<G K= ;9D;MD9 D9L9K9<=<=L=F;AGF=KIM=J=9DAR9
=D LJ9FKHGJL= Q >AF9DE=FL= ;MWD =K D9 ;9H9;A<9< 9HJGPAE9<9 IM= K= <=:= ;GFKA<=J9J 9D
AEHD=E=FL9JMFH9J9<=JG 'M=?G<=J=9DAR9JDGE=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL= K=HM=<=;GE=FR9J
D9;GFKLJM;;A]F<=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9DIM=HGK===DWJ=9=F=KLM<AG H9J9DM=?GK=JDD=N9<9K 9
MF9EA;JGKAEMD9;A]F9LJ9NXK<=D KG>LO9J=1%..%( 'M=?G<=J=9DAR9JDG9FL=JAGJ K=HJG;=<=9
;9DA:J9JD9KALM9;A]F9;LM9DH9J9HG<=JG:L=F=JJ=KMDL9<GKDGEWK;=J;9F99D9J=9DA<9<HGKA:D=
= =DD9 K= <=KHJ=F<= J=KMDL9<GK IM= H=JEAL=F <=>AFAJ HJG:D=E9K = A<=FLA>A;9J KALM9;AGF=K
HMFLM9D=K9;GFKA<=J9J =FD9KA?MA=FL= =L9H9D9;M9D;GJJ=KHGF<=9D9=D9:GJ9;A]F<=HGKA:D=K
KGDM;AGF=K=F:9K=9DGKAF<A;9<GJ=KG:L=FA<GK=FD9HJAE=J9KAEMD9;A]F ;GFKA<=J9F<G;GEG
G:B=LANGH9J9D9KHJGHM=KL9KD9<AKEAFM;A]F<=DGKN9DGJ=K=AF<A;9<GJ=KG:L=FA<GK
'M=?G <= DG E=F;AGF9<G 9FL=JAGJE=FL= ;GEA=FR9 D9 KA?MA=FL= =L9H9 =F D9 ;M9D K= J=9DAR9 D9
;GFKLJM;;A]F <= D9 KGDM;A]F :9K9<9 =F E9FM9D=K ;GEG -=;GE=F<9;AGF=K H9J9 =D AK=[G <=
!D=E=FLGK <= AF>J9=KLJM;LMJ9 1A9D 0J:9F9 -! !10 (9FM9D <= 1A9DA<9< 0J:9F9
(!.+%10 "AF9DE=FL= K= 9F9DAR9 DGK J=KMDL9<GK G:L=FA<GK <=D HMFLG 9FL=JAGJ ;GEH9JWF<GDGK ;GF D9
KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D 9F9DAR9F<G DGK ;9E:AGK Q :=F=>A;AGK G:L=FA<GK 'M=?G <= =KLG K= DD=?9 9
;GF;DMKAGF=KH=JLAF=FL=KH9J9D9LGE9 <= <=;AKA]F>9;LA:D=H9J9D9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <=H9J9<=JGK
=F;=JJG-G;M9FL
1.6 Alcances y límites
'GK DYEAL=K <=D HJGQ=;LG K= =F>G;9F HJAF;AH9DE=FL= =F =D ;GEA=FRG <=D J=;GJJA<G <= DGK
EA;JG:MK=K =D;M9D;GEHJ=F<=MFLJ9EG<=K<=;9DD=D9K/GJJ=K@9KL9!FJAIM=GG<;GF;9DD=
.9F&GJ?= K==KLM<A9 =DLJ9Q=;LG<=:9B9<99D;=FLJG<=D9;AM<9< Q9IM= K=HJ=K=FL9D9E9QGJ
;9FLA<9< <= ;GF>DA;LGK 9KG;A9<GK 9 <AK=[G NA9D =KH=;Y>A;9E=FL= =F D9 9MK=F;A9 <= H9J9<=JGK
+GJDGL9FLG D9LGE9<=<9LGKK=J=9DAR9=F@GJ9HMFL9E9[9F9<=K<=D9K 9
IM==K
<GF<=K=HJ=K=FL9D9HJG:D=EWLA;9E=F;AGF9<99FL=JAGJE=FL=
!F DG IM= 9 LGE9 <= <=;AKAGF=K J=KH=;L9 K= <=:= J=9DAR9J :9BG FGJE9LAN9K Q E9FM9D=K
9;LM9DAR9<GK ;GEG-! !10 (!.+%10 Q"=JFWF<=R
H9J99KY?=F=J9J
D9KKGDM;AGF=KJ=;GE=F<9<9K D9K;M9D=K<=:=F=KL9JJ=D9;AGF9<9K;GF=D<AK=[GNA9D<=DK=;LGJ
=KH=;Y>A;9E=FL==FD9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK
=FLJG <= DGK 9D;9F;=K IM= HGK== =D HJGQ=;LG K= =F;M=FLJ9 =D 9;LM9DAR9J =D <AK=[G NA9D
;GFK=JN9F<G DGK 9KH=;LGK >YKA;GK EWK J=D=N9FL=K = AEHD=E=FL9F<G MF <AK=[G 9;GJ<= 9 D9K
F=;=KA<9<=KIM=HJ=K=FL9FDGKMKM9JAGKJ=KA<=FL=K<=DK=;LGJ -=D9;AGF9<G;GFDG9FL=JAGJ K=
=F;M=FLJ9FDGKE9FM9D=K<=<AK=[GNA9D HJAF;AH9DE=FL=-! !10 (!.+%10 Q
"=JFWF<=R =F <GF<= =K HGKA:D= NAKM9DAR9J D9K J=;GE=F<9;AGF=K <= <AK=[G NA9D !K
AEHGJL9FL=E=F;AGF9J IM=H9J9D9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK=F=DLJ9EG<=K;JALGK=<=:=F
;GFKA<=J9JFGJE9LAN9K9;LM9D=K<=DEA;JGKAEMD9<GJ1%..%(
1.8 Estructura del proyecto
!D=KLM<AG;M=FL9 ;GF;M9LJGH9JL=KHJAF;AH9D=K ;GE=FR9F<G;GFD9<=>AFA;A]F<=DHJG:D=E9Q
D9E9F=J9=FIM=K=IMA=J=9:GJ<9J=DHJGQ=;LG !DK=?MF<G;9HYLMDG<=DHJGQ=;LGK==F>G;99D9
L=GJY9 <=D HJGQ=;LG <GF<= K= =F;M=FLJ9F ;GF;=HLGK Q <=>AFA;AGF=K IM= H=JEAL9F ;GEHJ=F<=J
<=E=BGJE9F=J9=DL=E9=F=KLM<AG9;=J;9<=D<AK=[GNA9D !F=DL=J;=J;9HYLMDGK==>=;L^9MF9
J=NAKA]F <= D9 DAL=J9LMJ9 9KG;A9<9 ;GF =D L=E9 <=D HJGQ=;LG =F =D ;M9D K= LJ9:9B9 DG IM= K=
<=FGEAF9 =KL9<G <=D 9JL= !D G:B=LANG <= DG 9FL=JAGJE=FL= E=F;AGF9<G =K 9F9DAR9J D9K
AFN=KLA?9;AGF=KJ=9DAR9<9KQ<=DEAKEGEG<G<9J;GFG;AEA=FLG<=D9KALM9;A]FHJG:D=E9
'9;M9JL9H9JL=<=DHJGQ=;LG;GJJ=KHGF<=9D;9HYLMDG<=D9KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D<=DWJ=9<==KLM<AG
=F =DD9 K= <=L9DD9 DG G:L=FA<GK <= DGK ;GFL=GK <= =KL9;A]F <= LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 Q <= DGK <9LGK
J=;GHAD9<GKDGK;M9D=KKAJN=FH9J9=KL9:D=;=JMF <A9?F]KLA;G <=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D
"AF9DE=FL= =FDGK;9HYLMDGIMAFLGQK=PLG;GJJ=KHGF<=F9D<=K9JJGDDGQ9FWDAKAK<=D9KALM9;A]F
;GFHJGQ=;LGHD9FL=9<GK >J=FL= 9D<A9?F]KLA;G=D;M9D>M=9HDA;9<G9D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D<=DWJ=9
<==KLM<AGQ=F=D^DLAEG;9HYLMDGK==FLJ=?9FD9K;GF;DMKAGF=K?=F=J9<9K<=DHJGQ=;LG;GFD9K
J=KH=;LAN9KHJGQ=;;AGF=K
2 Marco teórico
!D ;9HYLMDG K= =F>G;9 =F D9 L=GJY9 =PAKL=FL= =F =D WJ=9 <=D =KLM<AG <=:A<G 9 IM= K= @9;=
J=D=N9FL= 9 D9 @GJ9 <= <AK=[9J D9K HGKA:D=K KGDM;AGF=K H9J9 J=KH9D<9J D9K HJGHM=KL9K +9J9
J=9DAR9J =D 9FWDAKAK <= <AK=[G NA9D =KH=;Y>A;9E=FL= =F D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK =F =D
K=;LGJ =KL=;9HYLMDG ;GFL=EHD9 =D9FWDAKAK<=;9H9;A<9<<==KL9;AGF=K<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9Q<=DGK
MKM9JAGK IM= MLADAR9F XKLGK <=FLJG <=D LJ9EG <= L9D E9F=J9 H9J9 HJGHGF=J 9DL=JF9LAN9K <=
KGDM;A]FMJ:9F99D9HJG:D=EWLA;9IM=K=G:K=JN9 !D9FWDAKAKK=DD=N99;9:G;GFDGKE9FM9D=K
-! !10 Q "=JFWF<=R =D;M9D<9J=;GE=F<9;AGF=K<=<AK=[G
.1 Capacidad de estaciones de transferencia
.=?^F"=JFWF<=R D9;9H9;A<9<<=MF9=KL9;A]F<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9HM=<=E=<AJK=<=K<=
<GK H=JKH=;LAN9K '9 HJAE=J9 ;GFKA<=J9 D9 EWPAE9 ;9FLA<9< <= G:B=LGK IM= HM=<=F K=J
LJ9FK>=JA<GK=FD9=KL9;A]FHGJMF9MFA<9<<=LA=EHG '9K=?MF<9;GJJ=KHGF<=9 D9H=JKH=;LAN9
<= D9 ;AJ;MD9;A]F <= N=@Y;MDGK <GF<= D9 ;9H9;A<9< =K D9 EWPAE9 ;9FLA<9< <= N=@Y;MDGK IM=
HM=<=FK=J9L=F<A<GHGJMFA<9<<=LA=EHG !FKYFL=KAK K=HM=<=<=>AFAJ;9H9;A<9<<=LJW>A;G<=
MF9 =KL9;A]F <= LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 ;GEG D9 EWPAE9 ;9FLA<9< <= N=@Y;MDGK IM= HM=<= =FLJ9J 9 D9
=KL9;A]F HGJ MFA<9< <= LA=EHG 9:= <=KL9;9J IM= =PAKL=F EG<=DGK H9J9 =D ;WD;MDG <=
;9H9;A<9< <= MF9 =KL9;A]F <= LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 =D ;M9D ;GEA=FR9 ;GF MF EG<=DG #=FXJA;G
;GFLAFM9=D;GFEG<=DG$( '%&46-!'16+2) D9;M9D=KMF9HM:DA;9;A]F<=
/- Q>AF9DE=FL=;GF=DEG<=DG%-!)! #A:KGF =L9D DGK;M9D=KK=JWF<=>AFA<GK
9;GFLAFM9;A]F
2.1.1 Modelo genérico
'9 ;9H9;A<9<<=MF9=KL9;A]F<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9<=H=F<= <= <AN=JK9K N9JA9:D=K Q9K=9 =D DM?9J<=
;9J?9 Q <=K;9J?9 =D LA=EHG <= G;MH9;A]F =F D9 =KL9;A]F Q >AF9DE=FL= =D LA=EHG =F IM= DGK
KALAGKK==F;M=FLJ9F;GF<AKHGFA:ADA<9< ;GFLAFM9;A]F K=HJ=K=FL9D9>GJEMD9<=DEG<=DG
GF<=
;9H9;A<9<<=LJW>A;GHGJ=KL9;A]F6N=@ @7
)F^E=JG<=DM?9J=K<=;9J?9Q<=K;9J?9GKALAGK
L LA=EHGHJGE=<AGIM=D9=KL9;A]F=KLWG;MH9F<GGLA=EHG<=G;MH9;A]F6K7
 HJGHGJ;A]F<=DLA=EHGIM=DGKKALAGK=KLWF<AKHGFA:D=K
2.1.2 HCM (Highway Capacity Manual)
!D EG<=DG '%&46 -!'16 +2) =K <=>AFA<G H9J9 H9J9<=JGK 9AKD9<GK ;GF KALAGK
DAF=9DE=FL= <AKHM=KLGK MFG LJ9K GLJGK !KL= HJGHGF= D9 KA?MA=FL= =;M9;A]F H9J9 =D ;WD;MDG <=
;9H9;A<9<
GF<=
,) ;9H9;A<9<<=MFH9J9<=JG<=)KALAGK 6:MK @7
?N=J<==>=;LANG<=K=EW>GJG9?M9K9:9BG<=DH9J9<=JG KA=PAKL=6K7
;LA=EHG<=;A;DG<=DK=EW>GJG9?M9K9:9BG6K7
)=: F^E=JG=>=;LANG<=KALAGK
L;LA=EHG<=<=KH=B=<=DH9J9<=JG=FLJ=:MK=KKM;=KANGK6K7
L< LA=EHGHJGE=<AG<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9<=H9K9B=JGK6K7
N;G=>A;A=FL=<=N9JA9;A]F<=L<
599:K;AK9<=D9;MJN9FGJE9D9KG;A9<99MF9HJG:9:ADA<9<9IM=K=>GJE= ;GD99?M9K
9JJA:9<=DH9J9<=JG
+9J9D9G:L=F;A]F<=DH9JWE=LJG59 @9QIM=;GFKA<=J9J<AKLAFL9KHJG:9:ADA<9<=K<=>9DD9<=MF
H9J9<=JG !DEG<=DG$(KM?A=J=MLADAR9JMF9HJG:9:ADA<9<<=>9DD9<=<AK=[G<= 9
=F H9J9<=JGK M:A;9<GK =F =D ;=FLJG <= D9 ;AM<9< +GJ GLJG D9<G H9J9 H9J9<=JGK =F :9@Y9 K=
J=;GEA=FR9MF9HJG:9:ADA<9<<=>9DD9<=FG EWK <= !DEG<=DG $( 9;GL9IM=
:9BG ;AJ;MFKL9F;A9K FGJE9D=K D9 ;9H9;A<9< G;MJJ= H9J9 MF <= HJG:9:ADA<9< <= >9DD9
"=JFWF<=R ;GFLAFM9;A]F =F D9 /9:D9 K= HJ=K=FL9 D9 HJG:9:ADA<9< <= >9DD9 Q =D
HGJ;=FL9B=<=DLA=EHG=FIM=MF:MKK==F;M=FLJ9=FD9;GD9=FD9=FLJ9<9<=MFH9J9<=JG
Tabla 2.1: Valores de Za para distintas probabilidades
59
Fuente: Elementos de la teoría del tráfico vehicular, Fernández 2008
+9J9D9G:L=F;A]F<=DF^E=JG=>=;LANG<=KALAGK=FD9 /9:D9 =FLJ=?9N9DGJ=K<==>A;A=F;A9<=
DGK KALAGKDAF=9DE=FL=<AKHM=KLGK=FH9J9<=JGK =D;M9D=PHDA;9=F=DD9IM=KAHGK==MFKALAG=K
;GEHD=L9E=FL= =>A;A=FL= Q9 IM= =KLW G;MH9<G 9 MF <=D LA=EHG 9D 9?J=?9J MF K=?MF<G
KALAG =KL=9HGJL9MF9D9;9H9;A<9<<=9L=F;A]F<=N=@Y;MDGK KAK=9?J=?9MFL=J;=JKALAG
9HGJL9J9MF <==>A;A=F;A9 .AF=E:9J?G 9D9?J=?9JMF;M9JLGQIMAFLGKALAGKGDGK=9?J=?9
MF QMF<=;9H9;A<9<<=9L=F;A]F"=JFWF<=R Tabla 2.2: Eficiencia de sitios linealmente dispuestos en paraderos
Sin adelantar en paradero
Nº de sitios
1
2
3
4
5
Adelantamiento en paradero
Eficiencia %
Neb
Eficiencia %
100
1,00
100
85
1,85
85
60
2,45
75
20
2,65
65
5
2,7
50
Fuente: Elementos de la teoría del tráfico vehicular, Fernández 2008
Neb
1,00
1,85
2,6
3,25
3,75
+9J9D9G:L=F;A]F<=DH9JWE=LJGL< K=<=:=;GFKA<=J9J=DLA=EHG<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9<=H9K9B=JGK
=D;M9D=K=DLA=EHG<MJ9FL==D;M9D=D:MKH=JE9F=;=<=L=FA<GH9J9D9KM:A<9Q:9B9<9<=DGK
MKM9JAGK .=<=:=;GFKA<=J9JD9KA?MA=FL=>GJEMD9
GF<=
+9F^E=JG<=H9K9B=JGKIM=:9B9HGJ:MKHGJD9HM=JL9EWKMK9<9=FDGKEAFHMFL9
L9LA=EHG<=:9B9<9<=MFH9K9B=JG6K H9P7
+: F^E=JG <= H9K9B=JGK IM= KM:=F HGJ :MK HGJ D9 HM=JL9 EWK MK9<9 =F DGK EAF
HMFL9
L:LA=EHG<=KM:A<9<=MFH9K9B=JG6K H9P7
LG;LA=EHG<=9H=JLMJ9<=;A=JJ=<=HM=JL9K6K7
2.1.3 IRENE
!KL=EG<=DG<=KAEMD9;A]F;9D;MD9;9H9;A<9< <=EGJ9KQ;GD9K=FH9J9<=JGK !KMFHJG?J9E9
<= EG<=D9;A]F E=KGK;]HA;G <= H9J9<=JGK <= E^DLAHD=K KALAGK =D ;M9D H=JEAL= 9H9J=FL9J =D
J=F<AEA=FLG<=MFH9J9<=JG :9BG<AKLAFLGKFAN=D=K<=<=E9F<9 #A:KGF =L9D +9J9 ;9D;MD9J D9 ;9H9;A<9< <= MF H9J9<=JG <= ) KALAGK =F 6:MK @7 9 LJ9NXK <= D9 KA?MA=FL=
>GJEMD9
GF<=
F=K=DF^E=JGE=<AG<=N=@Y;MDGKIM=HM=<==FLJ9J9DH9J9<=JG
L =K=DLA=EHG<=G;MH9;A]F<=DH9J9<=JG
2.2 Estaciones de transferencia
A+#01!'?+"#1/+0$#/#+!'#02+1'-,-/1'!2)/"##01!'?+ "#1/+0$#/#+!'"#0'%+"
)#+!2#+1/,#+1/#-0(#/,063#&;!2),0"#1/+0-,/1#-@ )'!,B "=JFWF<=R !B=EHDGK
<==DD9KGF=KL9;AGF=K<=E=LJGGLJ=F L=JEAF9D=K<=L9PAK H9J9<=JGK<=:MK=K =FLJ=GLJGK !F
=KL= ;9KG KGF H9J9<=JGK <= :MK=K ;GF =D G:B=LANG <= 9QM<9J 9 D9 9;;=KA:ADA<9< HJGHGJ;AGF9J
9;;=KGQ>9;ADAL9J=D<=KHD9R9EA=FLG<=DGKN=@Y;MDGK "=JFWF<=R 'GK <9LGK HGJ LGE9J =F =KL= ;9KG K= HM=<=F E=<AJ ;GF MF9 EM=KLJ9 EYFAE9 =FLJ= Q EAFMLGK KAF=E:9J?G H9J9MF9E9QGJ=P9;LALM<E=<AJ<MJ9FL=@GJ9 DGK<9LGKKGFE=<A<GK
=FL=JJ=FGQK=HJ=K=FL9F9;GFLAFM9;A]F
/A=EHG<=<=KH=B=<=DH9J9<=JG=FLJ=:MK=KKM;=KANGK ;GEHJ=F<=D9E=<A;A]F<=HGJ;=FL9B=
<=:MK=KIM=K=<=LA=F=F=FH9J9<=JGK '9E=<A;A]F<=DF^E=JG<=:MK=KIM=K=<=LA=F=F=F
H9J9<=JGK<=:=;GFKA<=J9J

(=<AJLG<GKDGK:MK=KIM=H9K9FHGJDGKH9J9<=JGK

(=<AJDGK:MK=KIM=K=<=LA=F=F=FH9J9<=JGK

(=<AJDGK:MK=KIM=FGK=<=LA=F=F=F=DH9J9<=JG

GFKA<=J9J=D:MKK=<=LMNG=F=DH9J9<=JG QDM=?G=FD9AFL=JK=;;A]F9?M9K9:9BGKA
=KL=LA=F=AF>DM=F;A9;GFK=EW>GJG9?M9K9:9BG
/A=EHGHJGE=<AG<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9<=H9K9B=JGK =K=DLA=EHG<MJ9FL==D;M9D=D:MKH=JE9F=;=
<=L=FA<GH9JGH=J9;AGF=K<=KM:A<9Q:9B9<9<=H9K9B=JGK <=H=F<=<=D9;9FLA<9< <=H9K9B=JGK
IM=K=LJ9FK>A=J=Q<=D9J9HA<=R;GFD9IM=DG@9;=F '9E=<A;A]F<=:=;GFKA<=J9J

/A=EHG<=:9B9<9<=MFH9K9B=JG6K H9P7

/A=EHG<=KM:A<9<=DGKH9K9B=JGK6K H9P7

/A=EHG=FIM=K=9:J=Q;A=JJ9FD9KHM=JL9K6K7

)^E=JG<=H9K9B=JGKIM=:9B9 HGJ:MKHGJD9HM=JL9 EWK MK9<9=FDGKEAFHMFL9

)^E=JG<=H9K9B=JGKIM=KM:=F9D:MKHGJD9HM=JL9 EWK MK9<9=FDGKEAFHMFL9

/GL9D <=:MK=KIM=H9K9FHGJ=DH9J9<=JG67
'9K=KL9;AGF=K<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9HGK==FG:B=LANGK>MF<9E=FL9D=KDGK;M9D=K KGF

QM<9J9D99;;=KA:ADA<9<

+JGHGJ;AGF9J9;;=KG=FD9=FLJ9<9QK9DA<9<=DGKN=@Y;MDGK

"9;ADAL9J=D<=KHD9R9EA=FLGQ;AJ;MD9;A]F<=DGKN=@Y;MDGK
0FH9J9<=JG<=:MK=KHM=<=<=>AFAJK=;GEGMF=KH9;AG<=D9HD9L9>GJE9NA9D;GEHM=KL9HGJMF
WJ=9<=H9J9<9QMF9F<XF !PAKL=F9;LM9DE=FL=<GKLAHGK<=H9J9<9K D9K;M9D=KKGF
+ ,#'*& .A =D >DMBG <= :MK=K Q D9 <=E9F<9 <= H9K9B=JGK KGF :9BGK :9KL9 ;GF MF
H9J9<=JG ;GEHM=KLG HGJ MF WJ=9 <= H9J9<9 Q MFG G EWK KALAGK !D G:B=LANG HJAF;AH9D <= =KL=
H9J9<=JG=KHJGHGJ;AGF9J=D9;;=KG9DKAKL=E9<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G=D;M9D>9;ADA<9<H9J9=FLJ9J
QK9DAJ<=DKAKL=E9 !FD9"A?MJ9 HJ=K=FL9MFH9J9<=JGKAEHD= =D;M9D =KLW ;GEHM=KLGHGJ
<GKKALAGKQMF9F<XF
Figura 2.1: Paradero simple
Fuente: Elementos de la teoría del tráfico vehicular, Fernández, 2008.
++)#/##) <AKHGKALANGNA9D=D;M9D<=H=F<=<=D>DMBGQ<=D9<=E9F<9KGFE9QGJ=K
!F =D ;9KG <= DG E=F;AGF9<G 9FL=JAGJE=FL= K= J=IMA=J= MF WJ=9 <= H9J9<9 <ANA<A=F<G MF
H9J9<=JG=FN9JAGKH9J9<=JGKKAEHD=KEWKH=IM=[GK =D;M9DK=<=FGEAF9KM:H9J9<=JG !FD9
"A?MJ9 K=G:K=JN9H9J9<=JG<ANA<A<G=D;M9D=PHDA;9DGE=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL=
Figura 2.2: Paradero dividido
Fuente: Elementos de la teoría del tráfico vehicular, Fernández, 2008.
2.3 Recomendaciones para la implementación de paraderos
'9 >MF;A]F <= MF H9J9<=JG ;GJJ=KHGF<= =F HJGL=?=J =D H=9L]F <=D >DMBG N=@A;MD9J <= D9K
;GF<A;AGF=K ;DAEWLA;9K Q >AF9DE=FL= >9;ADAL9 9 DGK MKM9JAGK MF DM?9J <= <=K;9FKG EA=FLJ9K
=KH=J9D9DD=?9<9<=D:MK=F=DH9J9<=JG "=JFWF<=R19D=FRM=D9 +9J9D9HD9FA>A;9;A]F<=D9K<=L=F;AGF=KIM=J=9DAR9=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GK=<=:=;GFKA<=J9JD9
JML9IM==KL=J=9DAR9 =KHGJ=KLG IM=K=<=:=;GFKA<=J9JLJ=K9KH=;LGKAEHGJL9FL=KDGK;M9D=K
KGF=KH9;A9EA=FLG DG;9DAR9;A]FQ<AK=[G<=DGKH9J9<=JGK "=JFWF<=R19D=FRM=D9 2.3.1 Espaciamiento entre paraderos
!D MKG <= =KH9;A9EA=FLGK =FLJ= H9J9<=JGK <=E9KA9<GK ;GJLGK <=?J9<9 D9 ;9DA<9< <=D K=JNA;AG
HJ=KL9<G =FLXJEAFGK<=N=DG;A<9<<=GH=J9;A]F IM=HGK== =DLJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G KYEAKEG
D9K ;GFKL9FL=K <=L=F;AGF=K ?=F=J9F ?9KLGK =D=N9<GK H9J9 HJGN==J >9;ADA<9<=K
<=
AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= J=>M?AGK :9FIMADDGK Q H9F=D=K <= AF>GJE9;A]F +GJ GLJG D9<G KA DGK
=KH9;A9EA=FLGK KGF <=E9KA9<G D9J?GK 9ME=FL9 D9 <AKL9F;A9 <= ;9EAF9L9 <=K<= =D HMFLG <=
GJA?=F@9KL9=DH9J9<=JG =F ;GFK=;M=F;A9 <=DG 9FL=JAGJ D9K ;GF<A;AGF=K<=9;;=KA:ADA<9<9D
KAKL=E9 <= LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G =EH=GJ9F
+GJ DG IM= =K F=;=K9JAG MF ;GEHJGEAKG =FLJ= MF
;GJLG9;;=KGG;=J;9FY99DGKH9J9<=JGKQMF9=D=N9<9N=DG;A<9<<=GH=J9;A]F<=DK=JNA;AG;GF
H9J9<9K<AK?J=?9<9K "=JFWF<=R19D=FRM=D9 +GJ DG L9FLG H9J9 MF9 =>A;A=FL= AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= =KH9;A9EA=FLGK =FLJ= H9J9<=JGK K= <=:=
J=D9;AGF9J D9;9FLA<9<<=NA9B=K?=F=J9<GK Q 9LJ9Y<GK BMFLG 9D NGDME=F<=H9K9B=JGKIM=;AJ;MD9
9LJ9NXK<=DWJ=99F9DAR9<9 !D =KH9;A9EA=FLG<=:=K=J L9D IM= =FHJGE=<AGFGKMH=J=DGK E
9 EFAK=9AF>=JAGJ9DGK E9 E !PAKL=F;9KGK=P;=H;AGF9D=K =D;M9D=KHGKA:D=
;GFKA<=J9J DGK =KH9;A9EA=FLGK AF>=JAGJ=K 9 DG E=F;AGF9<G 9FL=JAGJE=FL= =KL= ;9KG KGDG K=
H=JEAL= ;M9F<G DGK H9J9<=JGK KGF <ANA<A<GK
HJG<M;LG <= =D=N9<9K <=E9F<9K HGJ
KM:A<9K :9B9<9K "=JFWF<=R19D=FRM=D9 0FEG<=DG<=K9JJGDD9<G=F@AD=HGJ9<= %<=H= <=L=JEAF9 =D=KH9;A9EA=FLG]HLAEG
=FLJ=H9J9<=JGK ?=F=J9F<G AEH9;LGK HGKALANGKL9FLG H9J9=DGH=J9<GJ;GEGH9J9DGK MKM9JAGKQ9
IM= <AKEAFMQ==DLA=EHG <= ;9EAF9L9Q<=EGJ9 =FDGK H9J9<=JGK +GJGLJGD9<G =DLJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;G9DJ=9DAR9JD9GH=J9;A]F<AKEAFMQ= ;GKLGK <=GH=J9;A]FHGJ <=L=F;A]F
+9J9 G:L=F=J D9 <AKL9F;A9 ]HLAE9 <= <AK=[G <= H9J9<=JGK K= HM=<= ;9D;MD9J ;GF D9 KA?MA=FL=
>GJEMD9 9<= %<=H= GF<=
< <AKL9F;A9]HLAE9=FLJ=H9J9<=JGK=FE=LJGK
HJGHGJ;A]F<=:MK=KIM=K=<=LA=F=F=FH9J9<=JGK
,: >DMBG<=:MK=KIM=H9K9HGJ=DH9J9<=JG:MK @
+;HJ=;AGKG;A9D<=D;GE:MKLA:D=
<;GFKMEGMFAL9JAGHGJ<=L=F;A]F<=D:MK
<H<=EGJ9E=<A9=FH9J9<=JGKK
NH N=DG;A<9<<=;9EAF9L9
J;GFKMEGMFAL9JAG9DJ=D9FLY
/*:L9K9<=G;MH9;A]F<=DGK:MK=K=F=DLJ9EGQH=JYG<G
1/N9DGJKM:B=LANG<=DLA=EHG
+<<=FKA<9<<=<=E9F<9<=H9K9B=JGK=F=DLJ9EG KM:A<9Q:9B9<9H9P CE @
EH9JWE=LJG<AKL9F;A9E=<A9;9EAF9<9
HGF<=J9<GJ<=DLA=EHG<=9;;=KG
)H F^E=JG<=H9J9<=JGK
+KL9K9<=H9K9B=JGKIM=KM:=FH9P :MK
+:L9K9<=H9K9B=JGKIM=:9B9FH9P :MK
+9J9 A<=FLA>A;9J =D F^E=JG <= KALAGK IM= K= J=IMA=J=F K= <=:= L=F=J =F ;M=FL9 D9 KA?MA=FL=
>]JEMD9
GF<=
'LD9J?G<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G=F6E7
<<AKL9F;A9]HLAE9=FLJ=H9J9<=JGK=F 6E7
0F >9;LGJ AEHGJL9FL= Q ;GEHD=E=FLG <= D9K >]JEMD9K E=F;AGF9<9K 9FL=JAGJE=FL= KGF DGK
H9K9B=JGKIM=KM:=FQ:9B9F<=DGKEA;JG:MK=K H9J9=D ;WD;MDG E=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL=K=
<=>AF=F D9KKA?MA=FL=K>]JEMD9K
+9K9B=JGKIM=KM:=F

+9K9B=JGKIM=:9B9F

2.4.2 Localización de paraderos
!PAKL=FLJ=KLAHGK<=M:A;9;AGF=K<=H9J9<=JG9DGD9J?G<=D9;9DD=GNY9 =DHJAE=JG =K 9FL=K <=
D9 AFL=JK=;;A]F =D K=?MF<G H9K9<9 <= D9 AFL=JK=;;A]F Q >AF9DE=FL= 9 EAL9< <= ;M9<J9 29J<
.=?^F IM= HJ=K=FL9F D9K M:A;9;AGF=K E=F;AGF9<9K 9FL=JAGJE=FL= K= HJ=K=FL9F =F D9
/9:D9 9;GFLAFM9;A]F
##4(
Tabla 2.3: Ventajas y desventajas de ubicación de paraderos
(-$,
,/(-$,
(-, & (AFAEAR9 DGK ;GF>DA;LGK =FLJ= +M=<= G:KLJMAJ D9 <AKL9F;A9 H9J9 ;JMR9J
#(-+,#4( ?AJ9J 9 D9 <=J=;@9 N=@Y;MDGK Q N=@Y;MDGK
9MLG:MK=K
+M=<= @9;=J IM= MF 9MLG:^K K= <=L=F?9
(AFAEAR9 D9 <AKL9F;A9 NAKM9D Q @9;A9 =D ;GKL9<G <=KHMXK <= <=L=F=JK=
<AKEAFMQ= DGK HJG:D=E9K <= 9FL=MFH=JAG<G<=JGBG
=F>GIM=<=AFL=JK=;;A]F
+M=<=9ME=FL9J=DF^E=JG<=9;;A<=FL=
DA=FL9 9 DGK H=9LGF=K 9 ;JMR9J
<=LJWK<=DGKEA;JG:MK=K
,*.2, +=JEAL= 9 DGK H9K9B=JGK 9;;=<=J
&
9 DGK EA;JG:MK=K EWK ;=J;9 <=D
#(-+,#4( H9KG<=H=9LGF=K
ME=FL9DGK;GF>DA;LGK;GFN=@Y;MDGK<=
?AJG9D9<=J=;@9
+M=<=;9MK9JMF9<AKL9F;A9NAKM9DHGJDGK
!DAEAF9D9<G:D=H9J9<9
N=@Y;MDGK <=L=FA<GK 9 D9 <=J=;@9 <= DGK
+=JEAL= 9 DGK H9K9B=JGK 9:GJ<9J
EA;JG:MK=K
=D EA;JG:^K Q H9?9J =D H9K9B= #=F=J9 MF9 G:KLJM;;A]F NAKM9D H9J9 DGK
;M9F<G =KL= K= =F;M=FLJ= MF H=9LGF=K<=:A<GIM=D=K?=F=J9HJG:D=E9
K=EW>GJG=FJGBG
#-
.+
H9J9;JMR9J
(AFAEAR9 D9 <AKL9F;A9 NAKM9D
<AKEAFMQ=
;GF>DA;LGK
-=IMA=J=
<AKL9F;A9
9<A;AGF9D
H9J9
<= J=KLJA;;AGF=K<=FG=KL9;AGF9J
N=@Y;MDGKQH=9LGF=K
ME=FL9 D9 <AKL9F;A9 <= ;9EAF9L9 H9J9
'9K WJ=9K <= H9J9<9K HM=<=F DGK H=9LGF=K H9J9 = ;JM;= <= D9
=PH=JAE=FL9J E=FGK ;GF?=KLA]F AFL=JK=;;A]F
H=9LGF9D
Fuente: Ward, (2019).
2.4.3 Diseño de paraderos
.=?^F =D=KLM<AG<="=JFWF<=R19D=FRM=D9
MF<AK=[GKAEHD=<=H9J9<=JG=K9IMXD=F
<GF<=DGK:MK=KK=<=LA=F=F9D:GJ<=<=D99;=J9 QKG:J=D9NY9 .AF=E:9J?G 9H=K9J<=IM==D
<AK=[G=K;GFN=FA=FL=H9J9DGKH9K9B=JGKQJ=IMA=J=EYFAE9KE9FAG:J9K ?=F=J9MF:DGIM=G<=D
J=KLG<=DLJW>A;G<MJ9FL=D9<=L=F;A]F
c+*#(,/2 '!!'?+"#)-/"#/,#0$2#/"# )-'01"#!'/!2)!'?+"", .2#0#-/,3##
*#(,/ 0#%2/'"" 6 *#+,/ '+1#/$#/#+!' ) /#01, "#) 1/8$'!, 2 '!!'?+ *80 !,*@+ #0 #+
-'010 "#01'+"0 #01!',+*'#+1,0 6 #+ &;0 #0-#!')#0 0 -'010 "#01'+"0 #01!',+*'#+1,0+,/*)*#+1#0#2 '!+))","#)3#/#"#+!,+0#!2#+!'#0+#!#0/',
-/,&' '/ #01!',+*'#+1, 3; 0#=)'7!'?+ , 1#512/ "# -3'*#+1, #+ ",+"# 0# 2 '.2# #)
-/"#/,#02+*#(,/3#/0'?+"#"'0#=,6.2##)'*'+#)#01!',+*'#+1,')#%)#+#)8/#
"#-/"
,0"'0#=,0#+ &;00,+-/1'!2)/*#+1##5'1,0,0#+3;0!,+2+-'01-,/0#+1'",,#+3;0
*2)1'-'010 "# #)#3", 1/8$'!, #+ ",+"# ) "#1#+!'?+ #+ ) -'01 "# !'/!2)!'?+ %#+#/
*6,/#0"#*,/0#'+1#//2-!'?+"#)!'/!2)!'?+ "=JFWF<=R19D=FRM=D9 !FD9
"A?MJ9 K=HJ=K=FL9MF:GKIM=BG<=DGK<A>=J=FL=K<AK=[GK<=WJ=9K<=H9J9<9KQ:9@Y9K
Figura 2.3: Diseño de parada y bahía
Fuente: Diagnóstico y diseño de facilidades al transporte público, Fernández y Valenzuela (2002)
2.5 Velocidad comercial
'9N=DG;A<9<;GE=J;A9D 1; =KD9N=DG;A<9<HJGE=<AG =EHD=9<9<=N=@Y;MDGK<=DLJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;GH9J9J=9DAR9JMFNA9B=;GEHD=LG<=J=;GJJA<G D9;M9DAF;DMQ=<=EGJ9K<=;M9DIMA=JLAHG
'9N=DG;A<9<;GE=J;A9D<=MF:MK=F MFLJ9EG;GJJ=KHGF<=9D9N=DG;A<9<E=<A9<=NA9B==FLJ=
MF H9J9<=JG GJA?=F Q GLJG <=KLAFG AF;DMQ=F<G LG<9K D9K <=L=F;AGF=K AFL=JE=<A9K .= HM=<=
;9D;MD9J;GFD9KA?MA=FL=>]JEMD9
GF<=
'DGF?ALM<<=DLJ9EG6CE7
/NA9B= LA=EHGLGL9D<=NA9B==F=DLJ9EG =F6K7
=FLJG<==KL9K=HM=<=G:L=F=JAF<A;9<GJ=K<=FAN=D=K<=K=JNA;AGH9J9MKM9JAGK AF<A;9<GJ=K
<=D;GKLG<=GH=J9;A]FQ>AF9DE=FL==D LA=EHGLGL9D<=DNA9B==F=DN=@Y;MDG =DGE=F;AGF9<G
9FL=JAGJE=FL=K=<=KHJ=F<=D9KA?MA=FL=>]JEMD9
GF<=
LE LA=EHG ;GFKMEA<G=FEGNAEA=FLG 6K7
LALA=EHG;GFKMEA<G=FAFL=JK=;;A]F 6K7
LHLA=EHG;GFKMEA<G =FH9J9<=JGK 6K7
'GK LA=EHG <= NA9B= =F EGNAEA=FLG L E DGK LA=EHGK <= NA9B= =F H9J9<=JGK Q ;GFKMEA<GK =F
AFL=JK=;;AGF=KLA =KLWF<9<GK=?^FD9KKA?MA=FL=K=PHJ=KAGF=K
GF<=
1J N=DG;A<9<<=J=;GJJA<G<=:MK=K =P;DMA<9D9K<=L=F;AGF=K
)AF^E=JG<=AFL=JK=;;AGF=K=F=DLJ9EG
<A<=EGJ9E=<A9<=:MKHGJAFL=JK=;;AGF=K=F6K7
)HF^E=JG<=H9J9<=JGK=F=DLJ9EG
H<=EGJ9E=<A9HGJ:MK=FH9J9<=JGK=F6K7
!KL9^DLAE9K=G:LA=F=<=D9KA?MA=FL=E9F=J9
GF<=
<G <=EGJ9E=<A9HGJ:MK<=:A<G9D9LJ9FK>=J=F;A9<=H9K9B=JGK=F6K7
<;<=EGJ9E=<A9HGJ:MK<=:A<G9;GF?=KLA]F<=H9J9<=JGK=F6K7
9:=<=KL9;9JIM=K=<=:=;GFKA<=J9J=DLA=EHGIM=L9J<9FDGKEA;JG:MK=K=FJ=;GJJ=J=DLJ9EG
HGJDGIM=K=<=KHJ=F<=D9KA?MA=FL=>]JEMD9
GF<=
/LLA=EHGLGL9D<=NA9B==FMFLJ9EGGJML9
'DGF?ALM<<=DLJ9EG=F 6CE7
1;N=DG;A<9<;GE=J;A9D=F 6CE @7
+9J9=KL9:D=;=J E=<A<9K <=HJAGJA<9<9:MK=K=FAFL=JK=;;A]F H9J9<=JGK Q LJ9EGK<=NY9K K=
<=:=;GFKA<=J9JD9KN9JA9:D=K<=LA=EHGK;GEG<=EGJ9K <=L=F;AGF=KQ;GD9K !FD9/9:D9 D9 ;M9D >M= =KL9:D=;A<9 HGJ "=JFWF<=R E=F;AGF9F IM= KA D9 N=DG;A<9< <= J=;GJJA<G =K
E=FGJ<=6CE @7K=J=IMA=J=AEHD=E=FL9JE=<A<9K<=HJAGJA<9<=FLJ9EGK<=NY9K +GJGLJG
D9<G KA D9 N=DG;A<9< ;GE=J;A9D =F AFL=JK=;;AGF=K LJ9EGK <= NY9 G H9J9<=JGK =K E=FGJ <= 6CE @7 K=KGDA;AL9=KL9:D=;=JE=<A<9K<=HJAGJA<9<9:MK=K=FLG<G=D=B= "=JFWF<=R +#&,
Tabla 2.4:Valores para determinación del tipo de prioridad
+'),
(-+,#)(,
++),
&)#)'+#&%'"
&)#+)++#)%'"
-(#)(,-/"
)&,/"
')+,/",,
Fuente: Elementos de la teoría del tráfico vehicular, Fernández, 1999.
2.6 Demoras en estaciones de transferencia
.=?^F "=JFWF<=R D9<=EGJ9LGL9DK=HM=<=HJGE=<A9J<=<GK>GJE9K DGIM=GJA?AF9<GK
AF<A;9<GJ=K
L
<=EGJ9 LGL9D HGJMFA<9<<=LA=EHG=F=DH=JYG<GL=F6N=@ @ $7 6N=@ K K7G6N=@7 !KD9
<=EGJ9LGL9D<ANA<A<9HGJD9<MJ9;A]F<=D H=JYG<G L
<< =KD9<=EGJ9HJGE=<AGHGJN=@Y;MDG=F=DH=JYG<GL=F6N=@ @ N=@7 6@7G6K7 !KD9<=EGJ9
LGL9D<ANA<A<9HGJ=DF^E=JG<=N=@Y;MDGKIM=@M:G=F;GD9=F=DH=JYG<GL
'9K <=EGJ9K HM=<=F K=J <=K;JAL9K K=?^F D9 LJ9FK>GJE9<9 <= 2@ALLAF? 9 LJ9NXK <= D9 L9K9 <=
<=EGJ9HGJMFA<9<<=LA=EHG=FMFH=JAG<GLQD9<=EGJ9HJGE=<AGHGJN=@Y;MDG=F=DEAKEG
H=JYG<G L <9<9HGJ
GF<=
,;9H9;A<9<=F6N=@ @7
LH=JYG<G=FIM=I Q,;GFKL9FL=K6@7
PI ,?J9<G<=K9LMJ9;A]FKAKL=E9
' DGF?ALM<AFA;AG=F6N=@7
;T;LKH9JWE=LJGKA;=IMAN9D=9 =K;GFKL9FL= HGJGLJG D9<G KA;=K=K
9D=9LGJAG
L/9K9<=<=EGJ9HGJMFA<9<<=LA=EHG=FH=JAG<GL
6N=@ @7 6N=@ @ K7 G 6N=@7
<L =EGJ9HJGE=<AGHGJN=@Y;MDGK=F=DH=JAG<GL 6N=@ @ N=@7 6N=@ K N=@7 6@7 G 6K7
2.7 Detenciones
.=?^F "=JFWF<=R =D F^E=JG <= <=L=F;AGF=K =F AFL=JK=;;AGF=K FG K=E9>GJAR9<9K
<=H=F<=<=DLAHG<=K=[9D<=HJAGJA<9<IM= =PAKL9 .A=PAKL=D9K=[9Dc+9J=dLG<GN=@Y;MDGK=
<=LA=F= 9D E=FGK MF9 N=R .A =PAKL= K=[9D c=<9 =D +9KGd K]DG @9Q <=L=F;A]F KA =D AFL=JN9DG
=FLJ= N=@Y;MDGK =F =D >DMBG HJAF;AH9D =K E=FGJ IM= D9 :J=;@9 ;JYLA;9 '9 HJG:9:ADA<9< <=
G;MJJ=F;A9<==KLG=K


GF<=
.A 
GL9AF>=JAGJ<= <=L=F;A]F
=K<=;AJH=DGL]F=KA?M9D9?J9<G<=K9LMJ9;A]F K=LA=F=
GF<=
@+JGE=<AG<=<=L=F;AGF=KHGJN=@Y;MDG6<=L N=@7
PH#J9<G<=K9LMJ9;A]F<=D9NY9HJAGJAL9JA9
IH"DMBG<=D9NY9HJAGJAL9JA96N=@ @7
 +JGHGJ;A]F<=N=@Y;MDGKIM=DD=?9F=FH=DGL]FHGJD9NY9HJAGJAL9JA9
 J=;@9EYFAE96K=?7
%FL=JN9DGEYFAEG
2.8 Vissim
,$14/# 1AKKAE c#02+&#//*'#+1"#0'*2)!'?+*'!/,0!?-'!"#) 1/8$'!,#02+*,"#),
.2#-#/*'1#/#-/#0#+1/1,",0),0202/',0"#)3;-@ )'!6#012"'/020'+1#/0#!!',+#0
21,0 1/+0-,/1# "# !/% 6 !2).2'#/ 1'-, "# 1/+0-,/1# "# !/% 6 !2).2'#/ 1'-, "#
1/+0-,/1# -@ )'!, 6 0# $#//,3'/', , !,+3#+!',+)bb +/1 1%..%( (9FM9D J=HJ=K=FL9 D9 MF9 KAEMD9;A]F EA;JGK;]HA;9 <=D LJW>A;G :9K9<G =F LA=EHG =F MF KGDG EG<=DG
H=JEAL=J=HJ=K=FL9J9LG<GKDGKMKM9JAGK<=D9NY9H^:DA;9
+/1 1%..%( (9FM9D =K MF9 @=JJ9EA=FL9 HGL=FL= H9J9 =N9DM9J Q HD9FA>A;9J D9
AF>J9=KLJM;LMJ9 NA9D MJ:9F9 ;GEG AFL=JMJ:9F9 9:= <=KL9;9J IM= ;GF =D 0,$14/# K= G:LA=F=F
J=KMDL9<GKFMEXJA;GK<=L9DD9<GK ;GEGJ=KMDL9<GK=F =D;M9DJ=HJ=K=FL9<AN=JKGK=K;=F9JAGK
9:=<=KL9;9JIM==DEG<=DG1%..%(LA=F=<GK;GEHGF=FL=K:WKA;GK

!DEG<=DG<=LJW>A;G=D;M9D=K<=K9JJGDD9<GHGJ=DEG<=DG<=K=?MAEA=FLG<=N=@Y;MDGK
H9J9EG<=D9J=D;GEHGJL9EA=FLGD9L=J9DQ=D;9E:AG<=;9JJAD

!D?=F=J9<GJ<=K=[9D=K <GF<=K==F;M=FLJ9=DEG<=DG<=J=9;;A]F9D9DMR9E9JADD9
2.8.1 Transporte público en Vissim
=FLJG<=D9K>MF;AGF=KIM=G>J=;=1AKKAE K==F;M=FLJ9D9 <=EG<=D9J=D LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G
GEG:9K=H9J9D9KAEMD9;A]F<=DK=JNA;AG<=/+LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GK=HM=<=F ;GFKLJMAJ<=
>GJE9 >D=PA:D= H9J9 D9K DYF=9K <=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G L9FLG <= LJ9FKHGJL= >=JJGNA9JAG ;GEG
JG<9<9K ;GFN9JAGKLAHGK<=N=@Y;MDGKQK=D=K9KA?F9DGK@GJ9JAGK;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL=K<=D9KJML9K
<=DYF=9 +GJDGIM=+/11%..%( (9FM9D HM=<=AEHGJL9JWJ=<=K<=LJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;GE=<A9FL=MF9AFL=J>9RQKAEMD9JK=;GF<=L9DD=
+9J9D9<=L=JEAF9;A]F<=DLA=EHG<==KL9F;A9<=DGKN=@Y;MDGK=FD9KH9J9<9KK=<AKLAF?M=LJ=K
LAHGK<=EG<=DGK

#'*) ,-(# ,!5( .( #,-+#.#4( -#'*) =D LA=EHG <= =KL9F;A9
;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL= K=LGE9<=MF9<AKLJA:M;A]F<=LA=EHG<==KH=J9

#'*),-(#&.&)=K;9D;MD9<GK=?^F=DLA=EHG<=KM:A<9Q:9B9<9E=<A9
HGJH9K9B=JG BMFLG;GFD9;9FLA<9<<=H9K9B=JGKIM=KM:=FQ:9B9F .=HM=<==KH=;A>A;9J
=DHJG;=KG<=KM:A<9Q:9B9<9=F=DMKG<=D9KHM=JL9K

#'*) ,-(#,#'.&)+/11AKO9DC H=JEAL=MF9FWDAKAK9^F EWK <=L9DD9<G
.= HM=<=F N=J N9DGJ=K <= =>A;A=F;A9 = AF>DM=F;A9 <= D9 ?=GE=LJY9 <= D9K >GJE9K <=
H9J9<9 ;GF =D ;GEHGJL9EA=FLG <= LJ9K:GJ<G <= DGK H9K9B=JGK 9KY L9E:AXF ;GEG =D
<=K9JJGDDG<=DLJW>A;G
2.8.2 Demoras en Vissim
'9K<=EGJ9KKGF=N9DM9<9KLGE9F<G=F;GFKA<=J9;A]F>9;LGJ=K;GEGLA=EHGA<=9DQLA=EHG<=
;GF<M;;A]F .= HM=<=F 9F9DAR9J =F K=AK LAHGK <= <=EGJ9K ;GE=FR9F<G HGJ <=EGJ9K LGL9D=K
<=EGJ9KD9L=FL=K <=EGJ9KHJGE=<AG <=EGJ9K<=H9J9<9HJGE=<AGQ>AF9DE=FL=<=EGJ9KHGJ
N=@Y;MDGK 9:= <=KL9;9J IM= 1%..%( =KLM<A9 D9K <=EGJ9K E=<A9FL= D9 KME9 <= <A>=J=FL=K
H9JWE=LJGKIM=AF;DMQ9FD9J=D9;A]F<=N=DG;A<9<;GF<AKL9F;A9K J=;GJJA<9K LGE9F<G=F;M=FL9
D9 N=DG;A<9< L=]JA;9 G;MJJA<9 =F KM NA9B= FG =F;M=FLJ9 FAF?^F LAHG <= G:KLW;MDG Q9 K=9
;GF?=KLA]F AFL=JK=;;AGF=K K=E9>GJAR9<9K Q D9 J=9D D9 ;M9D =K IM= K= N= 9>=;L9<9 HGJ D9
?=GE=LJY9<=D9KNY9KQD9KK=[9D=K (9FM9D 2.8.3 Tiempo de viaje en Vissim
!F +/1 1%..%( (9FM9D =D LA=EHG <= NA9B= MLADAR9 <GK EXLG<GK AL=J9LANGK
;M9F<G K= HJ=K=FL9 9KA?F9;A]F <AFWEA;9 9<9 EXLG<G =K =D=?A<G <= 9;M=J<G ;GF D9
AEHGJL9F;A9IM=K=D=<X9DLA=EHG<=NA9B==FD9K ;GJJA<9K !KLGKEXLG<GKKGFDGKKA?MA=FL=K

2-)) -)+0*)((#&,./#1) =KMLADAR9<G;M9F<G=DLA=EHGLA=F=E=FGJ
H=KG

2-))*+)'#),,.,#/), =KMLADAR9<G;M9F<G=DLA=EHGLA=F=E9QGJH=KG
2.8.4 Aplicaciones del software
+/1 1%..%( (9FM9D LA=F= MF9 9EHDA9 ;9FLA<9< <= 9HDA;9;AGF=K K=?^F +/1
#-*0+ =FLJ=D9K;M9D=KK==F;M=FLJ9

1AKKAE H=JEAL= =N9DM9J =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G =KL9 GHLAEAR9 DGK LA=EHGK <= NA9B=K Q
<=EGJ9K

-=9DAR9MF9FWDAKAK<=D9;9H9;A<9<QHJM=:9K<=DGKKAKL=E9K<=HJAGJA<9<<= LJWFKALG

-=9DAR9 MF 9FWDAKAK <= DGK KAKL=E9K <= ?=J=F;A9 <= LJ9FKALG L9D=K ;GEG ;GFLJGD
9DL=JF9LANG<=JML9K JML9K<=H=9B= ;9JJAD=K=KH=;A9D=KQ;GFLJGD<=;AJ;MD9;A]F

!DKG>LO9J=H=JEAL=;GEH9J9J<=E9F=J9=PH=<AL9D9KHGKA:D=K9DL=JF9LAN9K<=KGDM;A]F
H9J9=DE=BGJ9EA=FLG<=MFLJ9EG<=MF9NY9=KH=;A>A;9

+M=<=K=JMLADAR9<GH9J9KAEMD9JD9KAFL=JK=;;AGF=K;GFLJGD9<9K;GFK=[9D+9J= =<9 =D
H9KG 9;LM9F<G ;GF HJG?J9E9 1+ +JG?J9E9;A]F 9;;AGF9<9 HGJ N=@Y;MDGK IM= <9F
MFGJ<=F D]?A;G9D9AFL=JK=;;A]F

+/11AKKAEH=JEAL=9F9DAR9JD9NMDF=J9:ADA<9<<=J=<=K?J9F<=K;GFD9GH;A]F<=JML9K
MK9F<GD99KA?F9;A]F<AFWEA;9

+=JEAL= MF9 KAEMD9;A]F <= WJ=9K <= LJW>A;G ;9DE9<G AF;DMQ=F<G 9 LG<GK DGK MKM9JAGK
J=D=N9FL=K<=;9EAFG
/G<GK DGE=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL= KGFD9:9K=H9J9LJ9:9B9J=F=DEA;JGKAEMD9<GJ1%..%(
H9J9 D9 G:L=F;A]F Q <=K;JAH;A]F <= LA=EHG <= NA9B= LA=EHG <= =KL9F;A9 =F =D H9J9<=JG Q
<=EGJ9K<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G DGK;M9D=KKGF<9LGK>MF<9E=FL9D=KH9J9=DHJ=K=FL= HJGQ=;LG
"AF9DE=FL= LG<GDG=PHM=KLG=F=DHJ=K=FL=;9HYLMDGKGF>MF<9E=FL9D=KH9J99:GJ<9J;9<9MFG
<= D9K HJG:D=EWLA;9K IM= =PAKL=F =F D9 9;LM9DA<9< =F =D ;=JJG =F =KLM<AG =D ;M9D <9 H9KG 9
J=9DAR9JD9:^KIM=<9<=D9DAL=J9LMJ99KG;A9<9 =KL9<G<=D9JL=
3 Estado del arte
!F=KL9K=;;A]FK=@9;=J=>=J=F;A99DGKLJ9:9BGKJ=D9;AGF9<GK;GF=DHJGQ=;LGDGK;M9D=KKGF
AF;GJHGJ9<GK Q :9K9<GK =F D9K HGDYLA;9K <= <AK=[G NA9D Q9 IM= 9HGJL9F ;GFG;AEA=FLGK
=K=F;A9D=KH9J9=D<=K9JJGDDG<=DHJG:D=E99:GJ<9<G Q9KMN=RH9J9D9:^KIM=<9<=KGDM;A]F
"=JFWF<=R :MK;9 K=J MF 9N9F;= =F =D =KLM<AG <= D9 =PL=FKA]F <= D9 EG<=D9;A]F <=
H9J9<=JGK <= :MK=K AF;GJHGJ9 MF9 EG<=D9;A]F <=L9DD9<9 <= H9J9<=JGK =F EG<=DGK <=
;GJJ=<GJ=K <= :MK=K +GJ DG L9FLG H9J9 IM= =D KAKL=E9 HJGHM=KLG K=9 =>A;A=FL= K= <=:=
<=K9JJGDD9JMFEG<=DGEA;JGK;]HA;G<=KAEMD9;A]F<=D9;AJ;MD9;A]F<=:MK=K9LJ9NXK<=MF
KAKL=E9 >GJE9<G HGJ <GK H9J9<=JGK MFA<GK HGJ MF9 NY9 K=?J=?9<9 Q ;GF D9 AF;DMKA]F <= MF9
AFL=JK=;;A]F K=E9>GJAR9<9 =FLJ= 9E:9K c#) *'0*, *,", 0# #012"'+ ),0 -,0' )#0 #$#!1,0
0, /##)$2+!',+*'#+1,,-#/!',+)"#2+-/"#/,"# '",)0!,+"'!',+#0"#,-#/!'?+
"# -/"#/, .2# ), +1#!#"# 6 0# #01 )#7!+ /#!,*#+"!',+#0 "# "'0#=, "# !,//#",/#0 "#
20#0 0; 1* ':+ "# ,-#/!',+#0 "# ),0 #)#*#+1,0 !,*-,+#+1#0 "#) 0'01#*B "=JFWF<=R
!KL= 9JLA;MDG 9:GJ<9 D9 J=D9;A]F <= AEHD=E=FL9;A]F Q >MF;AGF9EA=FLG <= H9J9<=JGK
9HGJL9F<G=D9FWDAKAK=FJ=D9;A]F;GF=DL=E9=KLM<A9<G
"=JFWF<=R J=9DAR9 MF9 EG<=D9;A]F <= H9K9B=JGK :MK=K Q H9J9<=JGK K9:A=F<G IM= =D
E9QGJHJG:D=E99D=N9DM9JGH=J9;AGF=K;GEHD=B9K<=KAKL=E9<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GHJGNA=F=
<= D9 N9?9 J=HJ=K=FL9;A]F <= <A;@GK KAKL=E9K <=FLJG <= DGK EA;JGKAEMD9<GJ=K <= LJW>A;G IM=
=PAKL=F =F =D E=J;9<G GFKA<=J9 IM= DGK N=@Y;MDGK <=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G K= ;GEHGJL9F <=
E9F=J9<AKLAFL99DJ=KLG<=DLJW>A;G KAF=E:9J?G KGKLA=F=IM= =KLGK 9^FFGKGFEG<=D9<GK;GF
KM>A;A=FL=<=L9DD=;GEGH9J9J=>D=B9J<A>=J=F;A9K
!D9MLGJ K=:9K9 =F LJ=KHGKA:D=K=F>GIM=KH9J9=F>J=FL9JD9EG<=D9;A]F<=>GJE9EA;JGK;]HA;9
<=KAKL=E9<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G GE=FR9F<G;GFDGK<AKLAFLGKEA;JGKAEMD9<GJ=K<=DLJW>A;G
;GE=J;A9D=K IM= ;M=FL9F 9;LM9DE=FL= ;GF >GJE9K <= EG<=D9;A]F H9J9 D9K GH=J9;AGF=K
;GEHD=B9K =F H9J9<=JGK Q L=JEAF9D=K LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 <= H9K9B=JGK Q =KLJ9L=?A9K <= ;GFLJGD
GFLAFM9 ;GF MF =F>GIM= EWK MLADAR9<G =D ;M9D =K <=K9JJGDD9J LX;FA;9K <= EG<=D9;A]F
KG>AKLA;9<9KH9J9HG<=JKAEMD9JGH=J9;AGF=K<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GFGAF;DMA<9K=FD9KGH;AGF=K
HGJ<=>=;LG Q>AF9DE=FL= 9LJ9NXK<= --)'!1',+/,%/**#/+1#/$!#0 =KHGKA:D=EG<=D9J
<=L9DD= Q >D=PA:ADA<9< ;M9DIMA=J LAHG <= GH=J9;A]F "=JFWF<=R GF;DMQ= IM= DGK
H9J9<=JGKKGFE=BGJJ=HJ=K=FL9<GK9LJ9NXK<=D9EA;JGKAEMD9;A]F Q9IM=H=JEAL=F;9D;MD9J=F
>GJE9 HJ=;AK9 KMK ;9H9;A<9<=K LA=EHGK <= =KH=J9 9KG;A9<GK 9 H9K9B=JGK %EHD=E=FL9 MF9
=KLJ9L=?A9 <= ;GFLJGD <= AFL=JN9DGK D9 ;M9D EM=KLJ9 <= E9F=J9 =>=;LAN9 IM= D9 =KLJ9L=?A9 K=
LJ9<M;==FAFL=JN9DGKJ=?MD9J=K
#AA;M< J=9DAR9F MF9 AFN=KLA?9;A]F <GF<= <=B9F =F =NA<=F;A9 D9 LJ9FKA;A]F <=D MKG <=
H9J9<=JGKFGJ=?D9E=FL9<GK9DMKG<=H9J9<=JGKG:DA?9LGJAGK =F=DLJ9FKHGJL=;GD=;LANG=FD9
;AM<9<<=G?GLW .=9F9DAR9DGKLJ9EGK;GF?J9F 9>DM=F;A9<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G =F;GFLJ9F<G
;GEGJ=KMDL9<GIM==PAKL=F<GKN9JA9:D=KEWK9>=;L9<9K=F=DMKG<=H9J9<=JGKG:DA?9LGJAGK=D
;M9D=K=DLA=EHG<=KM:A<9<=H9K9B=JGKQ=DLA=EHG9;MEMD9<G<=:A<G9H9J9<9K=FMFEAKEG
J=;GJJA<G 9 D9 N=R IM= =KL9K <GK N9JA9:D=K K= N=F 9>=;L9<9K HGJ D9 <=E9F<9 =PAKL=FL= =F =D
LJ9EG =F =KLM<AG #AA;M< A<=FLA>A;G IM= D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK G:DA?9LGJAGK
LJ9=;GFKA?GN9JAGK=>=;LGKKG;A9D=K =;GF]EA;GKQ9E:A=FL9D=K
'GK 9MLGJ=K ;GFKA<=J9F IM= =D MKG <= H9J9<=JGK G:DA?9LGJAGK FG KGDG J9<A;9 =F ;9E:A9J =D
H9FGJ9E9<=<=KGJ<=FIM=K=?=F=J9 KAFGL9E:AXF=FD9K;GFK=;M=F;A9K<=JAN9<9K =D;M9D=K
=D 9@GJJG <= LA=EHG =F DGK <=KHD9R9EA=FLGK D9 <AKEAFM;A]F <= =>=;LGK ;GFL9EAF9FL=K D9
GH=J9;A]F <= MF KAKL=E9 <= LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G >MF;AGF9F<G ;GEG MF9 J=< GJ?9FAR9<9 Q
?=F=J9F<GE=FGJ=KJA=K?GK=FK=?MJA<9<NA9D
"AF9DE=FL= #AA;M< ;GF;DMQ= IM= D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK G:DA?9LGJAGK
J=H=J;ML==FMF:=F=>A;AGKG;A9D IM=H9JL=<=D9J=<M;;A]F=F=DF^E=JG<=H9J9<9KQH9JLA<9
<= DGK EA;JG:MK=K =F CAD]E=LJGK <= D9 JML9 J=;GJJA<9 D J=<M;AJ =D F^E=JG <= H9J9<9K Q
H9JLA<9 <= EA;JG:MK=K ?=F=J9 MF :=F=>A;AG 9 FAN=D KG;AG=;GF]EA;G Q E=<AG9E:A=FL9D =D
EAKEGEG<G <=KL9;9FD9J=<M;;A]F<=DLA=EHG<=NA9B= L9FLGH9J9DGKH9K9B=JGK;GEGH9J9=D
J=KLG<=DGKN=@Y;MDGKIM=;AJ;MD9F=F=DLJ9EG<=:A<G9IM=K=N=FG:DA?9<GK9<=L=F=JK=HGJ
D9 H9J9<9 <=D EA;JG:^K !D E=FGJ LA=EHG <= NA9B= AF;A<= =F MF9 E=BGJ ;GF<A;A]F <= ;GKLG
KG;A9DQ;9DA<9<<=NA<9
/AJ9;@AFA =L 9D =KLAE9F EG<=DGK <= LA=EHG <= <=L=F;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK Q <= KM:A<9 Q
:9B9<9<=H9K9B=JGK=FD9K;AM<9<=K<=.9FLA9?GQ19DH9J9YKG 1A[9<=DE9J 9:=K=[9D9JIM=
=KLAE9FL9E:AXFEG<=DGKH9J9<AKLAFLGKLAHGK<=H9J9<=JGK H9J9DGK<A>=J=FL=KD9J?GK<=:MK=K
H9J9 =D F^E=JG <= HM=JL9 Q KAKL=E9K <= H9?G <= L9JA>9 +9J9 J=9DAR9J <A;@G EG<=DG <=:=F
9F9DAR9J=DFAN=D<=G;MH9;A]F@9;AEA=FLG <=;GE=FR9JD9E9J;@9;GFD9KHM=JL9K9:A=JL9K Q
<= L=F=J H9J9<=JGK ;GF H9?G =PLJ9N=@A;MD9J -=9DAR9F D9 LGE9 <= <9LGK F=;=K9JAGK ;GF
E=<A;AGF=K=FL=JJ=FGQK=<=KL9;9D9=KLAE9;A]F<=KM:A<9<=H9K9B=JGK=FK=?MF<GK=D;M9D=K
>MF<9E=FL9DH9J9G:L=F=JJ=KMDL9<GK<=D=KLM<AG
GJHGJ9;A]F AM<9<;;=KA:D= =K;JA:=MF9JLY;MDG<GF<=<=B9=F=NA<=F;A9;M9D=KKGF
DGK=D=E=FLGKF=;=K9JAGKH9J9<=>AFAJMFH9J9<=JGQJ=>M?AGKH=9LGF9D=K ;M9D=KKGFD9KK=[9D=K
IM= <=:=F AJ AF;GJHGJ9<9K 9D AEHD=E=FL9J DG E=F;AGF9<G 9FL=JAGJE=FL= Q IMA=F=K KGF
J=KHGFK9:D=K <= E9FL=F=J D9 AF>J9=KLJM;LMJ9 Q <= ;GKLGK =F D9 J=?A]F (=LJGHGDAL9F9 ;GFKA<=J9IM=H9J9D9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGKK=<=:==F>G;9J=FD9K;GF<A;AGF=K
<==EHD9R9EA=FLG <AK=[GQ;GF=PA]F=FHMFLGK<=H9J9<9 IM=<=FLJG<==DD9KK=<=KHJ=F<=K
N9JAGK >9;LGJ=K <=FLJG <= DGK ;M9D=K K= =F;M=FLJ9 D9 K=[9DAR9;A]F <= H9J9<9 Q <=E9J;9;A]F
J=>M?AGK ADMEAF9;A]F 9KA=FLGK =FLJ=GLJGK
4 >AF9DE=FL= K=[9D9 DGK =JJGJ=K <= <AK=[G Q =EHD9R9EA=FLG IM= AEHA<=F D9 ;GFLAFMA<9<
9;;=KA:D= @9;A9 Q <=K<= DGK E=<AGK <= LJ9FKHGJL= Q <=B9 =F =NA<=F;A9 D9 E9D9 AF>J9=KLJM;LMJ9
IM=LA=F=F=KLGK=FD9J=?A]F(=LJGHGDAL9F9 GJHGJ9;A]F 9<9MFG<=DGK=KLM<AGK=PHM=KLGK=F=D;9HYLMDG :MK;9MF9E=BGJ9H9J9=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G
Q H9J9DGKMKM9JAGK HGJDGIM= KAK=AEHD=E=FL9H9J9<=JGK9;GJ<=K9 D9K;GF<A;AGF=K>YKA;9K
<=D K=;LGJ 9 DGK =KH9;A9EA=FLGK Q DG;9DAR9;A]F ;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL= =D K=JNA;AG IM= =FLJ=?9 =D
LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G9DGKMKM9JAGK K=JW EWK=PH=<ALGQKAF<A>A;MDL9<=KH9J9J=9DAR9J=DJ=;GJJA<G
!KHGJ=KLG HGJDGIM= =F=DHJ=K=FL=HJGQ=;LGK=:MK;9MF9E=BGJ9H9J9=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GQ
DGKMKM9JAGK :JAF<9F<GMF9=KLJM;LMJ9 QDG;9DAR9;A]F 9<=;M9<9<=H9J9<=JGK
4. Diagnóstico de la situación actual
!F=KL= ;9HYLMDGK=9:GJ<9F <=L9DD=K=KH=;Y>A;GK<=D9K;9J9;L=JYKLA;9KIM=HGK==9;LM9DE=FL==D
WJ=9<==KLM<AG !KHGJ=KLGIM= K=J=9DAR9 MF9FWDAKAK<=DGKH9J9<=JGKAF>GJE9D=K=F=DLJ9EG
IM=;GF>GJE9FD9K/GJJ=K D9;M9DK==F;M=FLJ99DFGJL=<=D;=JJG @9KL9!FJAIM=GG<;GF.9F
&GJ?= M:A;9<9 =F =D KMJ ;GF MF LGL9D 9HJGPAE9<G <= CAD]E=LJGK >AF9DE=FL= K= <=L9DD9 =D
LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G=D ;M9D ;AJ;MD9 =F;=JJG-G;M9FL
;GFLAFM9;A]F K= <=L9DD9F =D ;9L9KLJG >YKA;G <=D K=;LGJ D9 DYF=9 <= LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G IM=
LJ9FKAL9 DGK;GFL=GK<==KL9;AGF=K<=LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 H9J9 ;GFG;=JD9 ;GEHGKA;A]F QE9?FALM<
<=DGKH9K9B=JGKQEA;JG:MK=K .= =KL9:D=;= MF =K;=F9JAG:9K= H9J9<=K9JJGDD9JD9HJGHM=KL9<=
<AK=[GNA9D =KH=;Y>A;9E=FL=H9J9D9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK=FDGKHJ]PAEGK;9HYLMDGK
4.1 Catastro físico-operativo
+9J9;9J9;L=JAR9J=DWJ=9=F=KLM<AG<=;=JJG-G;M9FLK= J=9DAR9 MF9<=K;JAH;A]F>YKA;9<=D;=JJG
Q ;GEG K= =F;M=FLJ9 9;LM9DE=FL= =D >MF;AGF9EA=FLG <= <AK=[G NA9D =KH=;Y>A;9E=FL= <= DGK
H9J9<=JGKIM=K==F;M=FLJ9F=F=DK=;LGJ =K<=;AJ ;9L9KLJGGH=J9LANG
4.1.1 Aspectos físicos del sector
LJ9NXK<=D9K9DA<99L=JJ=FGK=9F9DAR9=D=KL9<G<= D9K9;=J9K NY9K Q<=D9K DG;9DAR9;AGF=K <=
H9J9<=JGK<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GK =PAKL=FL=K=F=DK=;LGJ .=?^F#GG?D=(9HK=DWJ=9=F=KLM<AG
;M=FL9 ;GF ;AF;G H9J9<=JGK =F =D K=;LGJ KAF =E:9J?G FG K= =F;M=FLJ9F <=E9J;9<GK Q FG =K
9;GJ<= 9 DGK H9J9<=JGK IM= =PAKL= 9;LM9DE=FL= =F =D ;=JJG GF D9 G:K=JN9;A]F =F L=JJ=FG K=
HM=<= G:K=JN9J IM= ;=JJG -G;M9FL ;M=FL9 ;GF LJ=;= H9J9<=JGK FAF?MFG <= =DDGK ;M=FL9 ;GF
J=>M?AG QK=[9DAR9;A]FHJG<M;LG <=IM=@9FKA<G;J=9<GKHGJDGKMKM9JAGKJ=KA<=FL=K<=DK=;LGJ
.=A<=FLA>A;9F9;=J9K9EAL9< <=;M9<J9<=;9DD= D9K/GJJ=K@9KL9!FJAIM=G<G;GF.9F&GJ?=
=KL9K EA<=F9HJGPAE9<9E=FL= <GK E=LJGK<=9F;@G D?MF9K=KLWF;GEHM=KL9K<=H9NAE=FLG
QGLJ9K<=LA=JJ9 KAF=E:9J?G LG<9KK==F;M=FLJ9F=FE9D=KL9<G
;GFLAFM9;A]F =F D9 "A?MJ9 K= 9<BMFL9 AE9?=F <=D K=;LGJ =F =KLM<AG Q H9J9<=JGK
;GFKA<=J9<GK HGJ #GG?D= (9HK K= A<=FLA>A;9 D9 ;9FLA<9< <= H9J9<=JGK J=HJ=K=FL9<G ;GF MF9
>D=;@9QF^E=JGK
Figura 4.1: Ubicación de paraderos según Google Maps
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019
+GJGLJGD9<G =FD9 "A?MJ9 K=9<BMFL9'9QGML =F =D;M9D K=HJ=K=FL9 ;GEG =KLW 9;LM9DE=FL=
=D K=;LGJ =F =KLM<AG <GF<= IM=<9 =F =NA<=F;A9 IM= <A>A=J= ;GF DG J=HJ=K=FL9<G =F #GG?D=
(9HK !F D9 "A?MJ9 K= J=HJ=K=FL9 =D AFA;AG <=D J=;GJJA<G D9K 9;=J9K Q H9J9<=JGK AF>GJE9D=K
=PAKL=FL=K <=K<= ;9DD= D9K /GJJ=K @9KL9 !FJAIM= GG< ;GF .9F &GJ?= K= A<=FLA>A;9 ;GF MF
KYE:GDG<=:MK IM= ;GJJ=KHGF<= 9DGKH9J9<=JGK 9DA?M9DIM==DK=;LGJ E9J;9<G;GFMF9DYF=9
F=?J9 ;GJJ=KHGF<= 9 D9K 9;=J9K Q >AF9DE=FL= =D ;M9<JG HMFL=9<G J=HJ=K=FL9 =D AFA;AG <=D
J=;GJJA<G IM=LA=F= ;=JJG-G;M9FL 9;LM9DE=FL=
Figura 4.2: Layout del tramo de estudio
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno, 2019
;GFLAFM9;A]F =FD9/9:D9 K=HJ=K=FL9D9FME=J9;A]F<=DGKH9J9<=JGK=F=DK=;LGJ <GF<=
K=A<=FLA>A;9KAHGK==<=E9J;9;A]FGK=[9DXLA;9 IM=A<=FLA>AIM=D9=PAKL=F;A9 <=MFH9J9<=JG=F
=K= DM?9J 9D A?M9D K= HM=<= G:K=JN9J KA =PAKL= G FG 9;=J9K =F =D ;=JJG =F =D ;9KG <= IM= KA
=PAKL9F9;=J9KK=K=[9D9DGKE=LJGKIM=EA<= XKL9 =F=D;9KG;GFLJ9JAG K= =F;M=FLJ9 ;GFMFcFG
HGK==d !K AEHGJL9FL= K=[9D9J IM= DGK LJ=K HJAE=JGK H9J9<=JGK ;M=FL9F ;GF 9;=J9K <= LA=JJ9
;J=9<9KHGJ=D>J=;M=FL=MKG<=DGKMKM9JAGKIM=J=KA<=F=F=K=K=;LGJ 9:=<=KL9;9JIM= =FD9
"A?MJ9 K=A<=FLA>A;9FD9FME=J9;A]F QM:A;9;A]F<=DGKH9J9<=JGKK=[9D9<GK=F<A;@9L9:D9
Tabla 4.1: Características del sector
Número de paraderos
Paraderos
Ancho de acera
informales
demarcados
1
No
No posee
2
No
No posee
3
No
No posee
4
No
2 mts
5
No
2 mts
6
No
2 mts
7
No
2 mts
8
No
2 mts
9
No
2 mts
10
No
2 mts
11
No
2 mts
12
No
2 mts
13
No
2 mts
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno
!FD9/9:D9 K=G:K=JN9;GEG =KLW ;GEHM=KL9D9NY9 <=;9DD=D9K/GJJ=K@9KL9!FJAIM=G<G
;GF.9F&GJ?=
=L9DD9 =D9F;@G<=D9;9DR9<9 =D F^E=JG <=HAKL9K =DK=FLA<G <=D9KNY9K =D
LAHG<=H9NAE=FLG Q>AF9DE=FL= =FIM==KL9<GK==F;M=FLJ9D9NY9 '9NY9=FLG<G=DLJ9EG<=
=KLM<AGK==F;M=FLJ9=FE9D=KL9<G @9;A=F<GIM=D9;AJ;MD9;A]F<=DLJ9FKHGJL=QDGKN=@Y;MDGK
H9JLA;MD9J=KK=N=99>=;L9<G
Nombre de vía
calle las Torres - Enrique
Tabla 4.2: Características del sector.
Ancho calzada
Pistas
Sentido
4 mts
2
Bidirecional
Material
Estado de vías
asfalto
mal estado
Cood con San Jorge
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno, 2019.
4.1.2 Aspectos operativos del sector
KH=;LGKIM=H=JEAL=FD9GH=J9;A]F<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G =KFMD9 <=:A<G9IM=9DGD9J?G<=D
LJ9EG <= =KLM<AG FG =PAKL= <=E9J;9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK <= K=FLA<GK <= D9K HAKL9K FA EM;@G
E=FGK<=K=[9D=K<=HJAGJA<9<
'9K N=DG;A<9<=K IM= HJ=K=FL9 =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G 9D J=9DAR9J =D J=;GJJA<G <= =KLM<AG KGF
LGE9<GK K=?^F D9 >GJEMD9 ;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL= 9 D9 N=DG;A<9< ;GE=J;A9D Q 9 D9 N=R KGF
;GEHJG:9<9K=FMFEA;JG:^K=F;AJ;MD9;A]F9DGD9J?G<=DLJ9EG<==KLM<AG '9KN=DG;A<9<=K
K= LGE9F MF E9JL=K <= E9QG =F @GJ9JAG HMFL9 E9[9F9 '9 N=DG;A<9< ;GE=J;A9D =K D9
N=DG;A<9<IM==EHD=9MF :MK D9;M9DAF;DMQ=<=EGJ9KQLA=EHG=F=KH=J9=FDGKH9J9<=JGK .AF
=E:9J?G D9 N=DG;A<9< <= J=;GJJA<G =K D9 N=DG;A<9< HJGE=<AG <=D :MK 9D J=;GJJ=J =D LJ9EG
<=L=JEAF9<G=FDGKH=JAG<GKKAF<=L=F;A]F 9@YD9<A>=J=F;A9=FLJ=D9KN=DG;A<9<=K 'G=PHM=KLG
9FL=JAGJE=FL= =KLWF<=K;JALGK =FD9/9:D9 Tabla 4.3: Velocidad de microbuses.
Tipo de vehículo
Datos tomados en el sector
Microbuses
Velocidad comercial
4.8 km/h
Velocidad recorrido
35 km/h
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomado en terreno, 2019.
4.2 Transporte público
!DK=;LGJ=KLM<A9<G ;M=FL9;GFMF9DYF=9<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GQMF9DYF=9<=L9PAK;GD=;LANGK
<GF<==KL9^DLAE9FGJ=9DR9K=JNA;AGK=F@GJ9HMFL9E9[9F9 '9=EHJ=K9IM=HJ=KL9K=JNA;AG<=
L9PA:MK=K=K/GH/MJ. .=?^F/J9FKHGJL=(=LJGHGDAL9FG<=19DH9J9YKG /(1 D9 =EHJ=K9<=LJ9FKHGJL=/GH/MJ. ;M=FL9 ;GF K=JNA;AGK KAF =E:9J?G <= =KLGK K=JNA;AGK J=9DAR9F J=;GJJA<G =F 19DH9J9YKG Q
KGDGMFG<= =DDGK J=;GJJ=;=JJG-G;M9FL =D ;M9D=KD9DYF=9 /(1 !DJ=;GJJA<G IM=
J=9DAR9 =KL9 DYF=9 ;GEA=FR9 <=K<= ;9DD= D9K /GJJ=K >AF9DAR9F<G =F ;=JJG +D9Q9 F;@9 .=?^F
J9A? =KL9 ;M=FL9 ;GF EA;JG:MK=K H9J9 J=9DAR9J =D J=;GJJA<G E=F;AGF9<G
9FL=JAGJE=FL= ;GFMF9 >J=;M=F;A9<= EAFMLGK =FLJ==DD9K
;GFLAFM9;A]F K=HJ=K=FL9 D9 "A?MJ9 D9;M9D =FJGBGK=EM=KLJ9=DJ=;GJJA<GJ=9DAR9<GHGJ
D9DYF=9 IM= ;GEA=FR9<=K<=;9DD=D9K/GJJ=K;AJ;MD9F<GHGJ=DLJ9EG=F=KLM<AGQ>AF9DAR9F<G
=F;=E=FL=JAG<=+D9Q9F;@9 KAF=E:9J?G =FN=J<= K= EM=KLJ9 =DWJ=9 =F=KLM<AG =D;M9D=K
<=DAFA;AG<=J=;GJJA<G D9K /GJJ=K@9KL9!FJAIM=G<G;GF.9F&GJ?= ;GEG>AF
Figura 4.3: Recorrido línea 702 Top Tur
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Earth Valparaíso, 2019.
!F D9 /9:D9 K= HJ=K=FL9 D9K ;9J9;L=JYKLA;9K EA;JG:MK=K <GF<= =F =DD9 K= =F;M=FLJ9
;9H9;A<9< LA=EHG <= J=;GJJA<G N=DG;A<9< ;GE=J;A9D >J=;M=F;A9 <= K9DA<9 Q F^E=JG <=
EA;JG:MK=KIM=HGK==D9DYF=9
Tabla 4.4: Resumen de datos empresa Top Tur
Empresa: Top Tur S.A
Línea:702
Parámetro
Unidad
Tipo de vehículo
Capacidad del microbus
Valores
Microbus
Pax/bus
30
Distancia de recorrido tramo en Km
estudio
Tiempo de recorrido tramo en estudio Minutos
1.2
Frecuencia de salida
Minutos
12
Velocidad recorrido
Km/h
35
15
Velocidad comercial
Km/h
4.8
Microbuses
9
Fuente: Datos Recuperados de empresa Top Tur, 2019.
4.3 Medición subida y bajada de pasajeros
.= J=9DAR9 ;GFL=G <= H9K9B=JGK =F =KL9;AGF=K <= LJ9FK>=J=F;A9 M:A;9<9K =F ;=JJG -G;M9FL !D
;GFL=G =K J=9DAR9<G E9JL=K <= E9QG =F ;GF<A;AGF=K <= MF <Y9 D9:GJ9D FGJE9D =F @GJ9JAG
HMFL9E9[9F9 =FAFL=JN9DGK<=EAFMLGK =FLJ= a @GJ9K IM=;GJJ=KHGF<=9DGK
@GJ9JAGK;GFE9QGJ<=E9F<9 9:=<=KL9;9J IM==D;GFL=G =KJ=9DAR9<G =F;9<9MFG<=DGK
HMFLGK A<=FLA>A;9<GK ;GEG H9J9<9K HGJ DGK MKM9JAGK J=KA<=FL= <=D K=;LGJ <GF<= D9 LGE9 <=
<9LGK K= ;=FLJ9 =F DGK H9K9B=JGK IM= KM:=F Q :9B9F <=D EA;JG:^K LA=EHG <= KM:A<9 <= DGK
H9K9B=JGK LA=EHG<=<=L=F;A]F<=DGKEA;JG:MK=K=F=DH9J9<=JG LA=EHG<= 9H=JLMJ9 Q;A=JJ=
<= HM=JL9K Q >AF9DE=FL= DGK :MK=K IM= K= <=LA=F=F =F =D H9J9<=JG 'G E=F;AGF9<G
9FL=JAGJE=FL= K=EM=KLJ9=FD9/9:D9 D9;M9D;GFKAKL==FMFJ=KME=F<=DGKH9K9B=JGKIM=
9:GJ<9FDGKEA;JG:MK=K=FMF9@GJ9=FH=JYG<GK<=EAFMLGK GFL=GK<=;9<9H9J9<=JG=F
F=PG
Tabla 4.5: Conteo estación de transferencia
Subida pasajeros
Pasajeros
(pax/15
min bus)
Promedio
tiempo (s)
Pasajeros
(pax)
Promedio
Total
7:00 - 7:15
2
100
----
----
Tiempo de
apertura y
cierre de
puertas (s)
4
7:15 - 7:30
2
100
----
----
4
2
----
7:30 - 7:45
2
51
----
----
4
1
----
7:45 - 8:00
2
50
----
----
4
1
----
Período
Promedio
tiempo (s)
Bajada de pasajeros
Buses que
se detienen
Buses que
no se
detienen
2
----
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno.
;GFLAFM9;A]F =FD9"A?MJ9 K= EM=KLJ9 D9K;GF<A;AGF=K <= D9HJAE=J9H9J9<9 <=DLJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;GD9;M9DJ=HJ=K=FL9=DHJAE=JHMFLG<=;GFL=G !FL9FLG =FD9"A?MJ9 K=A<=FLA>A;9=D
^DLAEG H9J9<=JG !DJ=KLG<= D9K>A?MJ9K J=HJ=K=FL9FL=K<=DGKH9J9<=JGK<=DK=;LGJ=F=KLM<AG
K==F;M=FLJ9F =F=DF=PG Figura 4.4: Primer paradero informal e inicio de recorrido en calle las Torres.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps (mayo, 2019)
Figura 4.5: Último paradero informar y fin del tramo en estudio.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps (mayo, 2019).
/G<GDG<=L9DD9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL= =K F=;=K9JAGH9J9DD=N9J9;9:GD9KAEMD9;A]F<=D9KALM9;A]F
9;LM9D =F =D EA;JGKAEMD9<GJ 1AKKAE 9<9 MFG <= DGK ;GFL=GK 9F;@GK <= HAKL9K N=DG;A<9<
;GE=J;A9DQ>J=;M=F;A9<=DGKEA;JG:MK=KKGFMF>9;LGJAEHGJL9FL=9D9@GJ9<=KAEMD9J
4.4 Perfil de carga paraderos cerro Rocuant
!D H=J>AD <= ;9J?9 <=D K=;LGJ =F =KLM<AG H=JEAL= <AKHGF=J E=<A<GJ=K 9 :GJ<G Q >M=J9 <= DGK
EA;JG:MK=K <=EG<G IM=J=?AKLJ= D9;9FLA<9<<=H=JKGF9KIM=KM:=FQ:9B9F=F;9<9MFG<=
DGK H9J9<=JGK (!.+%10 !F =KL= ;9KG K= J=9DAR9 H=J>AD <= ;9J?9 <= KM:A<9K <=
H9K9B=JGK<=:A<G9IM==F@GJ9HMFL9E9[9F9=K <GF<= K= HJ=K=FL9 D9 E9QGJ <=E9F<9 =KL9K=
G:LA=F= 9 LJ9NXK <=D HJGE=<AG <= H9K9B=JGK IM= 9:GJ<9F DGK EA;JG:MK=K =F ;9<9 MFG <= DGK
H9J9<=JGK A<=FLA>A;9<GK =F =D LJ9EG <= =KLM<AG =F H=JYG<G <= MF9 @GJ9 EMDLAHDA;9<G HGJ D9
;9FLA<9<<=EA;JG:MK=KIM=HGK==D9DYF=9 K=G:K=JN9DGE=F;AGF9<G=FD9"A?MJ9 Figura 4.6: Perfil de carga medición de subida.
"M=FL=!D9:GJ9;A]FHJGHA9 ;GF<9LGKG:L=FA<GK=FL=JJ=FG
+GJ ;9MK9 <= DG 9FL=JAGJ K= G:LA=F= D9 L9K9 <= G;MH9;A]F <= DGK EA;JG:MK=K =KL9 ;GFKAKL= =F
9?JMH9J =F ;9L=?GJY9K <= @9KL9 ! <GF<= D9 HJAE=J9 =D EA;JG:^K =KLW ;GF 9KA=FLGK
;GEHD=L9E=FL= G;MH9<G Q D9 ^DLAE9 =D EA;JG:^K DD=N9 E=FGK <= D9 EAL9< <= DGK 9KA=FLGK
G;MH9<GK (!.+%10 '9 "A?MJ9 J=HJ=K=FL9 DG A<=FLA>A;9<G =F L=JJ=FG LG<GK DGK
EA;JG:MK=KIM=;AJ;MD9F=F@GJ9HMFL9E9[9F9N9F9;9H9;A<9< IMA=J=<=;AJ=FD9;9L=?GJY9
=FL9K9<=G;MH9;A]F 'GE=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL=K=HJ=K=FL99;GFLAFM9;A]F
Figura 4.7: Tasa de ocupación de microbuses
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno.
!F J=D9;A]F 9 DG 9FL=JAGJ K= G:LA=F= D9 ;9FLA<9< <= H9K9B=JGK IM= FG 9:GJ<9F =D EA;JG:^K Q
IM=<9F=FD9=KH=J9<=DKA?MA=FL= DGE=F;AGF9<GK==PHGF=9;GFLAFM9;A]F=FD9"A?MJ9 Figura 4.8: Pasajeros en espera de microbús
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno.
"AF9DE=FL= H9J9J=9DAR9JMF9KAEMD9;A]FQ<A9?F]KLA;G<=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9DK=<=:==D9:GJ9J
'9QGML=F=DEA;JGKAEMD9<GJ1%..%( H9J9=DDG LG<GDG =PHM=KLG9FL=JAGJE=FL= KGF^LAD=KH9J9
=DKA?MA=FL=H9KG=D;M9DK=HJG;=<=9KAEMD9J=F=DEA;JGKAEMD9<GJ+/11%..%(
4.5 Simulación de la red con Vissim
+9J9 ;GE=FR9J 9 EG<=D9J D9 KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D <=D LJ9EG <= =KLM<AG K= <=:= ;J=9J D9
AF>J9=KLJM;LMJ9J=KH=;LG9 D9?=GE=LJY9Q>MF;AGF9EA=FLGIM==PAKL==FD99;LM9DA<9< H9J9=DDG
K= MLADAR9F D9KE=<A<9KIM=K=HJ=K=FL9F=FD9K=;;A]F9FL=JAGJ=FD9/9:D9 @9KL9/9:D9 ;9<9 MFG <= =KLGK <9LGK KGF >MF<9E=FL9D=K 9D EGE=FLG <= J=9DAR9J D9 EG<=D9;A]F =F =D
HJG?J9E9 +/1 1%..%( ;GFLAFM9;A]F =F D9 /9:D9 K= HJ=K=FL9 J=KME=F <= DGK <9LGK
MLADAR9<GK=F =DEA;JGKAEMD9<GJ
Tabla 4.6: Datos ingresados PTV VISSIM.
Parámetro
Detalle
Ancho por pista
4 metros
Número de pistas
2
Sentido
Bidireccional
Largo de tramo
1.2 km
Velocidad recorrido
35 km/h
Velocidad comercial
4.8 km/h
Flujo de buses (bus/h)
6
Frecuencia de transporte público
12 minutos
Flujo de vehiculos ( veh/h)
25
Capacidad del bus ( pax/bus)
50
Tasa de ocupación del bus inico recorrido 20
Tiempo de despeje (s/parada)
95
Tiempo de subida(s/pax)
2
Pasajeros que abordan (pax/bus)
Tabla 4.5
Probabilidad de bajada (pax)
4%
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno.
La modelación del software permite que el Layout del cerro, sea creada con datos específicos
tomados en terreno, de tal manera de crear un diseño manual. Para ello se debe obtener imagen
del sector en estudio, para así dimensionarla en el microsimulador en escala basada en la
realidad para su correcta aplicación. Luego se crea la calzada y composición estructural con
las respectivas intersecciones y aceras, a través de la herramienta Links (1), donde se debe
identificar el número y ancho de pistas, se identifican los conflictos que existen entre
intersecciones, a través de la herramienta Conflict Areas, donde se debe especificar quien tiene
prioridad en cada una de las intersecciones. Finalmente se identifica si existe en el sector señal
de prioridad a través de la herramienta Priority Rules. Cabe destacar que en el sector de
estudio solo se encuentra demarcada una señal de prioridad. Seguido de lo anterior, se
identifican las herramientas utilizadas en PTV VISSIM en la Figura 4.9.
Figura 4.9: Herramientas Vissim 7.0
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM, 2019.
+GKL=JAGJE=FL= K= ;J=9F D9KGD9DYF=9<=LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GIM=;AJ;MD9=F=DK=;LGJ<= =KLM<AG
;GF D9 @=JJ9EA=FL9 2 )'! /+0-,/1 '+#0 K= <=:= AF?J=K9J =D LAHG <= N=@Y;MDG IM=
J=HJ=K=FL9QD9N=DG;A<9< ;GFD9;M9D;AJ;MD9=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G =FD9"A?MJ9 K=G:K=JN9
D9 @=JJ9EA=FL9 FGE:J9<9 !F #-/12/# '*#0 K= AF?J=K9 D9 J=KH=;LAN9 G;MH9;A]F <= DGK
EA;JG:MK=K9DAFA;A9J=DJ=;GJJA<G !!2- K=AF?J=K9L9E:AXFD9;9FLA<9<<= H9K9B=JGK;GFD9
;M9D DD=?99 ;9<9H9J9<9=D LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G =FAFL=JN9DGK<=LA=EHG=F K=?MF<GK #- D
L=F=JD9DYF=9 ;J=9<9 K=<=:=9KA?F9JD9JML9<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GQ<=D>DMBG <= N=@Y;MDGK ;GFLAFM9;A]F =FD9"A?MJ9 K=HJ=K=FL9;GF MF ;YJ;MDG JGBGD9G;MH9;A]F Q DGKAFL=JN9DGK<=
LA=EHG
Figura 4.10: Configuración línea de transporte público.
Fuente: PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
+9J9 D9 ;J=9;A]F <= D9K H9J9<9K <= LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G NAKL9K =F L=JJ=FG D9K ;M9D=K KGF LJ=;=
H9J9<9K K=G;MH9<9D9@=JJ9EA=FL9 2 )'!/+0-,/11,- ;GEGK=NAKM9DAR9=FD9"A?MJ9
9:=<=KL9;9JIM= =F;9<9MF9<==DD9KK=<=:=AF?J=K9J=FHJAE=JDM?9JD9DGF?ALM<IM=
LA=F= =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G IM= ;AJ;MD9 =F =D K=;LGJ <= =KLM<AG DM=?G K= ;GFLAF^9 ;GF =D
NGDME=F#),)<=H9K9B=JGKIM=DD=?9F9;9<9H9J9<9=FAFL=JN9DGK<=LA=EHG=FK=?MF<GK
'*#$/,*'*#, .=A<=FLA>A;9<G=FJGBGDGE=F;AGF9<G=FD9"A?MJ9 Figura 4.11: Configuración de paraderos.
Fuente: PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
!DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G=F;9<9MFG<=DGKH9J9<=JGK;J=9<GKHGK==MF;GEHGJL9EA=FLG<A>=J=FL=
9DG9FL=JAGJ HGJDGIM=K=<=:=;GF>A?MJ9JHGJ;9<9H9J9<9=DLA=EHG<=KM:A<9Q =DHGJ;=FL9B=
<= HJG:9:ADA<9< <= :9B9<9 <= H9K9B=JGK Q =D LA=EHG <= =KL9<Y9 <=D EA;JG:^K .= ;GF>A?MJ9
L9E:AXFHGJIMXHM=JL9KKM:=F Q :9B9FDGKH9K9B=JGK Q =DLA=EHGIM=D=KL9J<9=F J=9DAR9JD9
9;;A]F E=F;AGF9<9 9FL=JAGJE=FL= "AF9DE=FL= KA =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G K= <=LA=F= =F =D
H9J9<=JG !FD9"A?MJ9 K=G:K=JN9 D9;J=9;A]F<=DH9J9<=JGQDGKH9K9B=JGK=F=KH=J9<=D
EA;JG:^K
Figura 4.12: Paradero en PTV Vissim.
Fuente: PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
'M=?G <= AF?J=K9J ;9<9 MFG <= DGK <9LGK E=F;AGF9<GK 9FL=JAGJE=FL= K= G:LA=F= =D '9QGML
;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL=9D9J=<<==KLM<AG <GF<=K=9HJ=;A9FDGKH9J9<=JGK=PAKL=FL=K=F=DK=;LGJ<=
=KLM<AG;GEGK=G:K=JN9 =FD9"A?MJ9 "AF9DE=FL= DM=?G<=G:L=F=JDG9FL=JAGJ =KHGKA:D=
;GJJ=JD9KAEMD9;A]F<=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9DKAF;9DA:J9J
+GKL=JAGJ 9 DG E=F;AGF9<G 9FL=JAGJE=FL= K= G:LA=F=F J=KMDL9<GK =F H=JYG<GK <= IMAF;=
EAFMLGK9DGD9J?G<=MF9@GJ9 <=D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9DIM==PAKL==F=DK=;LGJ<==KLM<AG <GF<=
=D EA;JGKAEMD9<GJ 1%...%( =FLJ=?9 <AN=JKGK AF<A;9<GJ=K <= J=F<AEA=FLG KAF =E:9J?G DGK
J=KMDL9<GKJ=D=N9FL=KQMLADAR9<GK=F=DHJGQ=;LG=K=DLGL9D<=H9K9B=JGKIM=>M=JGFAF?J=K9<GK
9D HJG?J9E9 D9 ;AJ;MD9;A]F <=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G LA=EHG <= NA9B= Q >AF9DE=FL= <=L=F;AGF=K
<=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G ;GEG K= 9HJ=;A9 =F D9 /9:D9 9:= <=KL9;9J IM= ;9<9 MFG <= DGK
J=KMDL9<GK<=:=FK=J;GEH9J9<GK;GFDGNAKLG=FL=JJ=FG Q 9BMKL9<GK=F=DKA?MA=FL= ;9HYLMDG
H9J9IM=K=9J=HJ=K=FL9LANG
Figura 4.13: Layout situación actual.
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
Tabla 4.7: Indicadores de rendimiento arrojado en PTV VISSIM.
Pasajeros (pax/15min)
Resultados
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:00- 7:15
147
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:15- 7:30
120
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:30- 7:45
150
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:45- 8:00
40
Flujo transporte público (bus/15min)
Promedio circulación de buses de 7:00- 7:15
3
Promedio circulación de buses de 7:15- 7:30
2
Promedio circulación de buses de7:30- 7:45
1
Promedio circulación de buses de 7:45- 8:00
1
Tiempo de viaje (s)
Tiempo de viaje (s) de 7:00- 7:15
540
Tiempo de viaje en (s) de 7:15- 7:30
300
Tiempo de viaje en (s) de 7:30- 7:45
420
Tiempo de viaje en (s) de 7:45- 8:00
600
Detenciones bus (det/bus)
Detenciones 7:00- 7:15
12
Detenciones 7:15- 7:30
12
Detenciones 7:30- 7:45
12
Detenciones 7:45- 8:00
12
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM, 2019.
4.6 Calibración de la situación actual por PTV VISSIM
'GK <9LGK IM= K= MLADAR9F H9J9 D9 ;9DA:J9;A]F <= D9 KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D ;GJJ=KHGF<=F
HJAF;AH9DE=FL= 9D NGDME=F<=H=9LGF=KIM==KH=J9F=FDGKH9J9<=JGK Q KM:=F9DGKEA;JG:MK=K
.= ;GFKA<=J9 D9 ;9FLA<9< <= EA;JG:MK=K IM= J=;GJJ= D9 J=< 9D A?M9D IM= D9 N=DG;A<9< <=
J=;GJJA<G IM==PAKL= >AF9DE=FL==DLA=EHGIM=L9J<9=FJ=;GJJ=<D9J=<
!F =D ;9KG <=D NGDME=F <= H=9LGF=K IM= =KH=J9F =F DGK H9J9<=JGK DGK <9LGK IM= >M=JGF
MLADAR9<GK<=J=>=J=F;A9H9J9;9DA:J9JD9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D K= =F;M=FLJ9F=FD9/9:D9 =F=DD9
K= J=9DAR9;GEH9J9;A]F<=<9LGKKAF;9DA:J9J DGNAKLG=FL=JJ=FGQ=DHGJ;=FL9B=<=<A>=J=F;A9
IM=K=G:LMNG9D;9DA:J9JDGK<9LGK
Tabla 4.8: Situación actual calibrada de pasajeros comparada con datos tomados en terreno.
Pasajeros (pax/15min)
#%$#"#
#"&
)
$""
"
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:00- 7:15
106
100
6%
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:15- 7:30
100
100
0%
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:30- 7:45
50
50
0%
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:45- 8:00
46
50
9%
Fuente: Elaboración propia a través de PTV VISSIM 7.
.=?^FD9/9:D9 D9<A>=J=F;A9IM==PAKL==FLJ=D9EG<=D9;A]FQDGK<9LGKG:L=FA<GK=FD9K
E=<A;AGF=K=KJ=HJ=K=FL9LAN9 Q9IM=DGKHGJ;=FL9B=K<=<A>=J=F;A9FGKGFE9QGJ=K<=MF =FDGKH9K9B=JGK
-=KH=;LG 9 D9 ;9FLA<9< <= EA;JG:MK=K IM= ;AJ;MD9 =F @GJ9 HMFL9 E9[9F9 =F =D K=;LGJ <=
=KLM<AG =KL9K >M=JGF 9BMKL9<9K <= 9;M=J<G ;GF DG <=>AFA<G =F D9 /9:D9 GF J=KH=;LG 9D
LA=EHG<=NA9B==KL9KK=9BMKL9FK=?^FDG=PHM=KLGD9/9:D9 K= HJG;=<=9AF?J=K9JDGK<9LGK
=F =D EA;JGKAEMD9<GJ +/1 1%...%( H9J9 D9 G:L=F;A]F <= D9 KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D ;9DA:J9<9 'G
E=F;AGF9<G 9FL=JAGJE=FL= K=9HJ=;A9=FD9/9:D9 9;GFLAFM9;A]F
Tabla 4.9: Situación actual calibrada de transporte público comparada con datos tomados en terreno.
Transporte público (bus/15min)
Resultados
Observado
Índice de
calibrados
en terreno
mejora
Promedio circulación de buses 7:00 - 7:15
2
2
0%
Promedio circulación de buses 7:15 - 7:30
2
2
0%
Promedio circulación de buses 7:30 - 7:45
1
1
0%
Promedio circulación de buses 7:45 - 8:00
1
1
0%
Tiempo de viaje 7:00 - 7:15
750,8
720
4%
Tiempo de viaje 7:15 - 7:30
720
720
0%
Tiempo de viaje 7:30 - 7:45
725
720
1%
Tiempo de viaje 7:45 - 8:00
720
720
0%
Tiempo de viaje (s)
Fuente: Elaboración propia a través de PTV VISSIM 7.00, 2019.
.=?^F DG NAKLG =F D9 /9:D9 D9 <A>=J=F;A9 IM= =PAKL= =FLJ= D9 EG<=D9;A]F Q DGK <9LGK
G:L=FA<GK=FL=JJ=FG<= LA=EHG<=NA9B=Q;AJ;MD9;A]F<=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G=KJ=HJ=K=FL9LANG
Q9IM=DGKHGJ;=FL9B=K<=<A>=J=F;A9FGKMH=J9F=D
-=KH=;LG9D9K<=L=F;AGF=KJ=9DAR9<9KHGJDGKEA;JG:MK=K=F@GJ9HMFL9E9[9F9=KL9K>M=JGF
9BMKL9<9KK=?^FDGNAKLG=FL=JJ=FG 9:=<=KL9;9JIM=D9K<=L=F;AGF=K;GFL9:ADAR9<9KK=JWFD9K
N=;=KIM=DGKEA;JG:MK=KK=<=LA=F=F=FDGKH9J9<=JGKAF>GJE9D=K <=:A<G9IM=D9;AJ;MD9;A]F
<= DGK EA;JG:MK=K =F =D LJ9EG <= =KLM<AG =K ;GFLAF^9 <=:A<G 9 IM= =K MF9 NY9 HJAF;AH9D 'G
E=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL=K=HM=<=G:K=JN9J=FD9/9:D9 Tabla 4.10: Situación actual calibrada de detenciones comparada con lo observado en terreno.
Detenciones
Resultados calibrados
Observado
Índice de
en terreno
mejora
Detenciones 7:00 – 7:15
11
11
0%
Detenciones 7:15 - 7:30
11
11
0%
Detenciones 7:30 - 7:45
11
11
0%
Detenciones 7:45 - 8:00
11
11
0%
Fuente: Elaboración propia a través de PTV VISSIM 7.00, 2019.
GFDGK<9LGKG:L=FA<GKQDGKIM=K=EM=KLJ9F=FD9/9:D9 ;GFKA<=J9F<GIM=D9DGF?ALM<
<=D LJ9EG =F =KLM<AG =K CAD]E=LJGK K= HM=<= <=L=JEAF9J IM= D9 N=DG;A<9< ;GE=J;A9D =K 6CE @7 DGIM==KJ=HJ=K=FL9LANG ;GFDGG:K=JN9<G
"AF9DE=FL= IM=<9 =F =NA<=F;A9 IM= D9 ;9FLA<9< <= EA;JG:MK=K IM= ;AJ;MD9 =F =D K=;LGJ <=
=KLM<AGFGDG?J9K9LAK>9;=J D9 <=E9F<9IM==PAKL= =F=DK=;LGJ<==KLM<AGQ9IM==FDGK^DLAEGK
H9J9<=JGK <=D LJ9EG IM=<9F 9HJGPAE9<9E=FL= H9K9B=JGK =F MF H=JYG<G <= MF9 @GJ9 =F
=KH=J9<=MFEA;JG:^K !KHGJ=KLG HGJDGIM= K=:MK;9J=9DAR9J E=BGJ9K=F;=JJG-G;M9FL
5 Propuesta de solución
!KL= ;9HYLMDG LA=F= ;GEG G:B=LANG HJ=K=FL9J MF9 9DL=JF9LAN9 <= KGDM;A]F H9J9 =D HJGQ=;LG D9
;M9DK=;GEHGF=<=E=BGJ9K<=<AK=[GNA9D D9;M9D;GFKAKL==FD9J=<M;;A]F=AEHD=E=FL9;A]F
<=H9J9<=JGK>ABGK 9ME=FL9JD9>J=;M=F;A9 Q;9FLA<9<<= EA;JG:MK=K H9J9MF9E=BGJGH=J9;A]F
<=D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G =F =D 9JJAG *b$A??AFK ;=JJG -G;M9FL !KL9 9DL=JF9LAN9 =K KAEMD9<9
E=<A9FL= =D EA;JGKAEMD9<GJ 1%..%( H9J9 G:L=F=J AF<A;9<GJ=K <= J=F<AEA=FLG IM= H=JEAL=F
<=L=JEAF9J J=;GE=F<9;AGF=KH9J9D9GH=J9;A]F<=DGKH9J9<=JGK9DGD9J?G<=DWJ=9<==KLM<AG
+GKL=JAGJE=FL= =KLGK<9LGKKGF;GEH9J9<GK;GFD9;9DA:J9;A]F=PHM=KL9=F=D;9HYLMDG9FL=JAGJ
H9J9=KL9:D=;=JKA=KL99DL=JF9LAN9J=HJ=K=FL9MF9KGDM;A]FGK=<=:=K=?MAJLJ9:9B9F<G=FMF9
HJGHM=KL9IM=J=9DA;=E=BGJ9K=FD9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D<=DHJGQ=;LG
5.1 Propuesta de implementación de paradero
+9J9<9J;MEHDAEA=FLG9DG:B=LANG<==KL=HJGQ=;LG K==KL9:D=;=9;GFLAFM9;A]FMF9HJGHM=KL9
<=KGDM;A]FIM=;GFKAKL= HJAF;AH9DE=FL= =FD9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK Q=D9ME=FLG<=
EA;JG:MK=KIM= K==F;M=FLJ9F;AJ;MD9F<G=F=DK=;LGJ<==KLM<AG =KL9^DLAE9K=<=K9JJGDD9=F=D
LJ9FK;MJKG <=D ;9HYLMDG +9J9 D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= H9J9<=JGK K= <=:= DD=N9J 9 ;9:G D9
K=D=;;A]F<=H9J9<=JGKAF>GJE9D=K ;GFE9QGJ <=E9F<9 9;LM9DE=FL= =K<=;AJ K=<AKEAFMQ= D9
;9FLA<9< <= H9J9<9K AF>GJE9D=K NAKLGK =F L=JJ=FG H9J9 DG ;M9D K= =KLAE9 MF9 <AKLJA:M;A]F <=
G;@G H9J9<=JGK>ABGK ;GEGDGEM=KLJ9D9"A?MJ9 Figura 5.1: Layout situación actual con solución.
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.00, 2019.
+9J9=D<AK=[G<=H9J9<=JGK=KF=;=K9JAGL=F=J=F;M=FL9 ;MWD=KKGFD9K ;9J9;L=JYKLA;9K>YKA;9K
<=D K=;LGJ =F =KLM<AG .A =D K=;LGJ A<=FLA>A;9<G ;GEG H9J9<=JG AF>GJE9D ;MEHD= ;GF DGK
=KH9;AGK ;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL=K H9J9 D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= J=>M?AG <= H9J9<=JGK K= HJG;=<= 9 D9
AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= =KL= Q =F ;9KG ;GFLJ9JAG K]DG K= AEHD=E=FL9 MF9 K=[9DAR9;A]F IM=
A<=FLA>AIM= D9 H9J9<9 !K HGJ =KLG HGJ DG IM= =F D9 /9:D9 K= EM=KLJ9 =F IMX H9J9<=JG =K
HGKA:D= AEHD=E=FL9J J=>M?AG Q G K=[9DAR9;A]F +GJ GLJG D9<G =F D9 /9:D9 K= =F;M=FLJ9 D9
<AKL9F;A9=PAKL=FL==FLJ=DGKH9J9<=JGK =KAEHGJL9FL=L=F=J=F;M=FL9IM=D9M:A;9;A]F<==KLGK
K= DG;9DAR9 =FK=;LGJ=K ;GFE9QGJ;GF;=FLJ9;A]F<=H=9LGF=K
Tabla 5.1: Identificación de tipo de diseño de paraderos.
Paraderos
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Refugio peatonal
√
√
x
x
x
√
x
√
Señalización
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno.
Tabla 5.2: Distancia entre paraderos
Paraderos
Distancia (m)
1a2
2a3
3a4
4a5
5a6
6a7
7a8
225
214
145
100
220
225
285
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno, 2019.
'M=?G <= L=F=J ;D9JG IMX H9J9<=JGK DD=N9F J=>M?AGK H=9LGF9D=K Q ;MWD=K K]DG DD=N9F
K=[9DAR9;AGF=K K= HJG;=<= 9 <AK=[9J DGK H9J9<=JGK =F =D EA;JGKAEMD9<GJ +/1 1%..%( 9<G9DG9FL=JAGJ DGKH9J9<=JGK Q DD=N9FJ=>M?AGKH=9LGF9D=K DGK;M9D=K<=:=FL=F=J
MF9F;@G<=9;;=KG E=LJGK<=9F;@G=FLJ=D99;=J9QD9NY9 ;GFE=LJGK<=D9J?GH9J9D9
<=L=F;A]F<=DEA;JG:^K ;MQG <AK=[G K=EM=KLJ9=FD9"A?MJ9 Q=DJ=KLGIM=<9J=?MD9<G;GF
MF9K=[9DAR9;A]FIM=AF<AIM=9DGKH9K9B=JGKIM==DDM?9J=K9HLGH9J9D9=KH=J9<=LJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;G +GJ GLJ9 H9JL= D9 M:A;9;A]F <= LG<GK DGK H9J9<=JGK E=F;AGF9<GK 9FL=JAGJE=FL= K=
HM=<= NAKM9DAR9J=FD9"A?MJ9 Figura 5.2: Paradero fijo en red de estudio.
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
'9"A?MJ9 EM=KLJ9=D<AK=[G<=MFH9J9<=JGIM=IM=<9J=?MD9<G;GFK=[9DAR9;A]F<=:A<G9
IM= =D =KH9;AG >YKA;G FG H=JEAL= D9 AEHD=E=FL9;A]F <= J=>M?AG !KL= LAHG <= J=?MD9;A]F
E=<A9FL= MF9 K=[9DAR9;A]F <= H9J9<9 ;MQ9 K=[9DAR9;A]F <=:= =KL9J 9<Q9;=FL=K 9 D9 ;9DR9<9
=FLJ=9HJGPAE9<9E=FL=9 E=LJGK !KHGJ=KLG HGJDGIM= =K 9HDA;9<G9DGKH9J9<=JGK Q <=D=B=IM=K==KLM<A9=F=DHJGQ=;LG
Figura 5.3: Paradero con señalización.
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
+9J9<9J;MEHDAEA=FLG 9D MKG<=H9J9<=JGK>ABGK K=AEHD=E=FL9FN9DD9KH=9LGF9D=K 9DGD9J?G<=
LG<9 D9 J=< =KLG H9J9 AEH=<AJ IM= DGK H9K9B=JGK LGE=F =D LJ9FKHGJL= H^:DA;G =F DM?9J=K FG
9<=;M9<GK +GJGLJGD9<G K=<=:=AF;J=E=FL9JD9;9FLA<9<<=EA;JG:MK=KIM=;AJ;MD9F=F@GJ9
HMFLGE9[9F9 <=DEAKEGEG<G 9ME=FL9J D9>J=;M=F;A9IM==KLGKLA=F=F
!KHGJ=KLG HGJDG IM= H9J9D9LGE9<=<=;AKA]F<=AF;J=E=FL9JD9;9FLA<9<<=EA;JG:MK=KIM=
;AJ;MD9F =F ;=JJG -G;M9FL K= :9K9 =F DG =KLAHMD9<G HGJ =D /J9FKHGJL= (=LJGHGDAL9FG <=
19DH9J9YKG /(1 /(1 ;GFKA<=J9 IM= <=:=F ;AJ;MD9J =F @GJ9 HMFL9 E9[9F9
<G;= EA;JG:MK=K ;GF MF9 >J=;M=F;A9 <= ;M9LJG EAFMLGK =FLJ= =DDGK DG ;M9D >M= LGE9<G H9J9
MF9HGKA:D=KGDM;A]F<=DHJGQ=;LG
+GJ^DLAEG H9J9J=9DAR9JD9KAEMD9;A]FK=<=:= =>=;LM9J EG<A>A;9;AGF=K;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL=K=F=D
'9QGML<=DHJGQ=;LG <= =KLM<AG Q HGKL=JAGJE=FL= AF?J=K9J DGKH9K9B=JGK;GJJ=KHGF<A=FL=K=F
;9<9MFG<=DGKH9J9<=JGKK=D=;;AGF9<GK ;GFKA<=J9F<GDGKH9K9B=JGKIM=IM=<9F=FD9=KH=J9
;GEG K= EM=KLJ9 =F D9 "A?MJ9 K= <=:= AF?J=K9J =D FM=NG F^E=JG <= EA;JG:MK=K IM=
;AJ;MD9F=F=DK=;LGJ<==KLM<AG >AF9DE=FL=D9>J=;M=F;A9IM=LA=F=FDGKEA;JG:MK=K QLA=EHG
<=NA9B= 'M=?G<=J=HJG<M;A<9D9KAEMD9;A]F<==DDGK=G:LA=F=FDGKKA?MA=FL=KAF<A;9<GJ=K<=
J=F<AEA=FLG
!FD9/9:D9 K=HJ=K=FL9FDGKH9K9B=JGKAF?J=K9<GK=FH=JYG<G <=MF9@GJ9 <GF<= K= G:K=JN9
IM=9D<AKEAFMAJD9>J=;M=F;A99EAFMLGKQ9ME=FL9JD9;9FLA<9<<=EA;JG:MK=KIM=;AJ;MD9F
=FMF9@GJ9DGK H9K9B=JGKIM= 9:GJ<9F DGKEA;JG:MK=K 9ME=FL9F
Tabla 5.3: Pasajeros que abordan el transporte público.
Situación
con proyecto
Situación
actual
calibrada
% de
ocupación
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:00- 7:15
104
106
44%
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:15- 7:30
98
100
53%
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:30- 7:45
92
50
63%
Total pasajeros ingresados 7:45- 8:00
96
46
56%
Pasajeros (pax/15min)
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
;GFLAFM9;A]F =FD9"A?MJ9 K= =F;M=FLJ9 MF ?JW>A;G <=H9K9B=JGKIM= 9:GJ<9F =D EA;JG:^K
=F F9J9FB9K=HJ=K=FL9FD9KALM9;A]F;9DA:J9<9Q=F9RMDD9KALM9;A]F;GFHJGQ=;LG <GF<= IM=<9
=F =NA<=F;A9 IM=9D9ME=FL9JD9;9FLA<9<<=EA;JG:MK=K=F=DK=;LGJ<==KLM<AG DG?J9F 9:GJ<9J
DGKH9K9B=JGKIM=IM=<9F=F=KH=J9=FDGKH9J9<=JGK .=<=:=;GFKA<=J9J IM=D9KALM9;A]FKAF
HJGQ=;LG D9;9FLA<9<<=H9K9B=JGKIM=DG?J99:GJ<9J=DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;G=F=DH=JYG<G<=MF9
@GJ9KGF 6H9P @7EA=FLJ9KIM=IM=<9F<G=F=KH=J96H9P @7 D9ME=FL9JD9;9FLA<9<<=
EA;JG:MK=K K= G:LA=F= IM= =KLGK DG?J9F DD=N9J 9 LG<GK DGK H9K9B=JGK H9K9B=JGK IM= KM:=F 9D
LJ9FKHGJL=QDGK IM=IM=<9F=F=KH=J9DG;M9D9JJGB9MF9;9FLA<9<<= 6H9P @7 G:L=FA=F<G
MF =F=DYF<A;=<=E=BGJ9
Figura 5.4: Pasajeros abordan los microbuses situación calibrada.
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
-=KH=;LG 9 DGK EA;JG:MK=K IM= ;AJ;MD9F =F @GJ9 HMFL9 E9[9F9 K= G:LA=F= MF =F =D
YF<A;=<=E=BGJ9 <=:A<G9IM=;MEHD=;GFDG=PHM=KLGHGJ/(1 <=<G;=EA;JG:MK=K
=F;AJ;MD9;A]F ;GFMF9>J=;M=F;A9<=;M9LJGEAFMLGK=FLJ==DD9K DGE=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJE=FL=
K=NAKM9DAR9=FD9/9:D9 Tabla 5.4:Comparación de circulación de buses de transporte público.
Transporte público (bus/15min)
Situación Situación Índice de mejora
actual
con
calibrada
proyecto
Promedio circulación de buses 7:00- 7:15
3
2
33%
Promedio circulación de buses 7:15- 7:30
4
2
50%
Promedio circulación de buses 7:30 - 7:45
3
1
67%
Promedio circulación de buses 7:45- 8:00
2
1
50%
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
;GFLAFM9;A]F =F D9 "A?MJ9 K= J=9DAR9 ;GEH9J9;A]F ?JW>A;9 =FLJ= D9 ;AJ;MD9;A]F <=D
LJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GIM=HJ=K=FL9D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D;9DA:J9<9QD9HJGHM=KL9<=KGDM;A]F
Figura 5.5: Gráfico comparativo de microbuses en circulación.
Fuente: Elaboración propia a través de datos obtenidos desde VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
+GKL=JAGJE=FL= =DLA=EHG<=NA9B=<=DGKEA;JG:MK=K QDGKH9K9B=JGK =FJ=;GJJ=J=DLJ9EG=F
=KLM<AG<AKEAFMQ= <=<G;=EAFMLGK9KA=L=EAFMLGK DGIM==IMAN9D=9MF =F=DYF<A;=<=
E=BGJ9;GEGK=EM=KLJ9=FD9/9:D9 Tabla 5.5: Comparación de tiempos de viajes
Situación
Situación
con proyecto
actual
Tiempo de viaje (s)
(s)
calibrada en
(s)
Índice de
mejora
7:00- 7:15
463,08
720
55%
7:15- 7:30
465,16
720
55%
7:30- 7:45
462,99
720
54%
7:45- 8:00
463,63
720
55%
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
!F D9 "A?MJ9 K= HJ=K=FL9 ?JW>A;G <= ;GEH9J9;A]F <= J=KMDL9<GK =FLJ= D9 KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D
;9DA:J9<9QKALM9;A]FHJGHM=KL9
Figura 5.6: Gráfico diferencia de tiempo de viaje.
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos desde VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
-=KH=;LG9D9K<=L=F;AGF=K<=DGKEA;JG:MK=KIM=;AJ;MD9F=F;=JJG-G;M9FL <AKEAFMQ=<=:A<G
9D9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK>ABGK Q<=N9DD9KH=9LGF9D=K =K AEHGJL9FL= ;GFKA<=J9JIM=D9K
<=L=F;AGF=KKGF;GFL9:ADAR9<9K=FD9KN=;=KIM==DLJ9FKHGJL=H^:DA;GK=<=LA=F=H9J9D9LGE9
<=H9K9B=JGK 'GE=F;AGF9<G9FL=JAGJ G:DA?99DGKH=9LGF=KJ=KA<=FL=K<=DK=;LGJ=KH=J9J=FDGK
DM?9J=K<==KH=J9 GEGJ=KMDL9<GK=G:LA=F=MFYF<A;=<=E=BGJ9<=MF 'G=PHM=KLGK=
G:K=JN9=FD9/9:D9 Tabla 5.6: Indicador de rendimiento de propuesta de solución
Situación
Situación
Detenciones (det/bus)
con proyecto
actual
(det/veh)
calibrada
Índice de
mejora
Detenciones 7:00- 7:15
8
11
37%
Detenciones 7:15- 7:30
8
11
37%
Detenciones 7:30- 7:45
8
11
37%
Detenciones 7:45- 8:00
8
11
37%
Fuente: Recuperado de PTV VISSIM 7.0, 2019
!F D9 "A?MJ9 K= HJ=K=FL9 ?JW>A;G <= ;GEH9J9;A]F <= J=KMDL9<GK =FLJ= D9 KALM9;A]F 9;LM9D
;9DA:J9<9QKALM9;A]FHJGHM=KL9
Figura 5.7: Gráfico diferencia detenciones
Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos desde VISSIM 7.0, 2019.
+GJ GLJG D9<G ;GFKA<=J9F<G D9 DGF?ALM< <=D LJ9EG =F =KLM<AG K= HM=<= <=L=JEAF9J IM= D9
N=DG;A<9< ;GE=J;A9D 9ME=FL99 6CE @7 QN=DG;A<9<<=J=;GJJA<G K=E9FLA=F==F 6CE @7
<=:A<G9D9K;9J9;L=JYKLA;9K>YKA;9KIM= HGK===DK=;LGJ Q;GFKA<=J9F<GIM==D=KLM<AG=K=F=D
LJ9EG <= :9B9<9 !K AEHGJL9FL= L=F=J =F ;M=FL9 IM= DGK ;=JJGK <= 19DH9J9YKG K= ;9J9;L=JAR9F
HGJ KMK HJGFMF;A9<9K H=F<A=FL=K =:A<G 9 DG 9FL=JAGJ =D J=KMDL9<G G:L=FA<G KA?M= KA=F<G
J=HJ=K=FL9LANG9DGNAKLG=FL=JJ=FG
"AF9DE=FL= D9 KALM9;A]F HJGQ=;L9<9 9JJGB9 MF9 <AKEAFM;A]F =F DGK LA=EHGK <= NA9B=K MF
9ME=FLG=FD9;AJ;MD9;A]F=FDGKEA;JG:MK=K Q<AKEAFM;A]F<=D9K<=L=F;AGF=KIM=J=9DAR9:9=D
LJ9FKHGJL= DG IM= ?=F=J9 MF9 E=BGJ9 =F D9K ;GF<A;AGF=K 9;LM9D=K L9FLG H9J9 =D LJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;G;GEGH9J9DGKMKM9JAGKJ=KA<=FL=K<=DK=;LGJ =:A<G9D9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK
>ABGK 9ME=FLG=FD9;AJ;MD9;A]F<=EA;JG:MK=K Q>J=;M=F;A9<= =KLGK 9JJGB9IM==DYF<A;=<=
E=BGJ9=K<=MF Conclusión y futuros trabajos
!D HJ=K=FL= HJGQ=;LG K= <=K9JJGDD9 H9J9 <AKEAFMAJ LA=EHGK <= NA9B= Q <=L=F;AGF=K <=D ;=JJG
-G;M9FL =D G:B=LANG =K AEHD=E=FL9J H9J9<=JGK Q 9ME=FL9J D9 ;9FLA<9< <= EA;JG:MK=K IM=
;AJ;MD9F=F=DK=;LGJ <=:A<G9IM==D;=JJGFG;M=FL9;GF=DK=JNA;AG<=LJ9FKHGJL=9<=;M9<GQ
;GFMF<AK=[GNA9D9;LM9DAR9<G DGD9J?G<=D<=K9JJGDDG<=DHJGQ=;LGIM=<9J=>D=B9<GIM=FG
KGDGK==F;M=FLJ9F<=K9;LM9DAR9<GK=FKM<AK=[G KAFGIM=K==F;M=FLJ9F;GF MF:9BGF^E=JG
<=EA;JG:MK=KIM=J=9DAR9F=DJ=;GJJA<G=F;=JJG-G;M9FL =F;GFLJWF<GK=9;LM9DE=FL=;GFKGDG
K=AK EA;JG:MK=K ;GF MF9 >J=;M=F;A9 <= EAFMLGK !F ;GFK=;M=F;A9 DGK MKM9JAGK L9J<9F =F
DD=?9J9 KMK <=KLAFGK <=:A<G9D9K D9J?9K=KH=J9K<= D9KDD=?9<9K<=EA;JG:MK=K H9J9=DAFA;AG<=D
J=;GJJA<G ;GEGL9E:AXF <=D9K>J=;M=FL=KH9J9<9KIM=J=9DAR9=DLJ9FKHGJL= H9J9D9LGE9<=
H9K9B=JGK
'M=?G <= <=K9JJGDD9J D9 KALM9;A]F ;GF HJGQ=;LG =F =D EA;JGAEMD9<GJ +/1 1%..%( K=
G:LMNG IM=D9KGDM;A]FHJGHM=KL9 D9;M9D;GFKAKL==FD9AEHD=E=FL9;A]F<=H9J9<=JGK >GJE9D=K
>ABGK 9ME=FL9J9<G;= EA;JG:MK=K=F;AJ;MD9;A]FJ=KMDL9=>A;A=FL=<=:A<G9IM=<AKEAFMQ] DGK
LA=EHGK<=NA9B= <=EAFMLGK9EAFMLGK=FJ=;GJJ=JD9J=< 9D<AKEAFMAJD9>J=;M=F;A9<=
DGKEA;JG:MK=K9EAFMLGK=FLJ==DDGK <AKEAFMQ=L9E:AXF D9K=KH=J9K<=DGKH9K9B=JGK =FDGK
H9J9<=JGKQ>AF9DE=FL= <AKEAFMQ=F D9K;GFKL9FL=K<=L=F;AGF=KIM=<=:Y9J=9DAR9J=DLJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;G9DFG;GFL9J;GFH9J9<=JGK<=>AFA<GK 'G9FL=JAGJ?=F=J9MFAEH9;LGHGKALANGH9J9DGK
J=KA<=FL=K <= ;=JJG -G;M9FL Q9 IM= <AKEAFMQ= <= E9F=J9 ;GFKA<=J9:D= DGK AF<A;9<GJ=K <=
J=F<AEA=FLG ;GF MF =F D9K <=L=F;AGF=K =F LA=EHG <= NA9B= Q =F MF =F D9
>J=;M=F;A9<=DGKEA;JG:MK=K J=KH=;LG9D9KALM9;A]F9;LM9D
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Referencias
LAK:9 =KHG:D9EA=FLG <= 19DH9J9YKG -=;MH=J9<G 9:JAD <= <=
@LLH OOO 9LAK:9 ;D OH ;GFL=FL MHDG9<K -=HGJL= LAK:9 (GFALGJ =FKG 19DH9J9 KG DGO H<>
GJHGJ9;A]F +9J9<=JGK Q J=>M?AGK H=9LGF9D=K ;D9N=K =F D9 ;9<=F9 <=D LJ9FKHGJL=
H^:DA;G9;;=KA:D= ,/-,/!'?+!'2""!!#0' )# CADE – IDEPE (1988). Investigación de análisis y seguimiento de transporte público.
Informe final, Intendencia del a Región Metropolitana, Santiago.
J9A? + <=BMFAG<= 'YF=9<=LJ9FKHGJL= ! '9::X !FLJ=NAKL9<GJ
EBTU (1982). Tratamento preferencial ao transporte coletivo por ônibus. Empresa Brasileira
dos Transportes Urbanos, Ministerio dos Transportes, Brasilia.
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Anexos
Anexo 1
"
Tabla A1.1: Conteo primera estación de transferencia.
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomado en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.2: Conteo segunda estación de transferencia.
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomado en terreno, 2019.
Tabla A1.3: Conteo tercera estación de transferencia.
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomado en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.4: Conteo cuarta estación de transferencia.
"
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno, 2019.
Tabla A1.5: Conteo quinta estación de transferencia.
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.6: Conteo sexta estación de transferencia.
"
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomado en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.7: Conteo séptima estación de transferencia.
"
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomado en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.8: Conteo octava estación de transferencia.
"
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.9: Conteo novena estación de transferencia.
"
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos tomados en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.10: Conteo décima estación de transferencia.
"
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Fuente: Elaboración de transferencia con datos tomados en terreno, 2019.
"
Tabla A1.11: Conteo último paradero en estudio
"
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Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos obtenidos en terreno, 2019.
Anexo 2
Figura A2.1:Segundo paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.2: Tercer paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.3: Cuarto paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.4: Quinto paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.5: Sexto paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.6: Séptimo paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.7: Octavo paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.8: Noveno paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.9: Décimo paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps, 2019.
Figura A2.10: Undécimo paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps,2019.
Figura A2.11: Duodécimo paradero informal.
Fuente: Recuperado de Google Maps,2019.