2/24/2020 Introduction By: M. Abbasi 1 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 1 2 Introduction Overview of the Natural Gas Industry The Chinese are reputed to have been the first to use natural gas commercially, some 2,400 years ago. The gas was obtained from shallow wells, transported in bamboo pipes, and used to produce salt from brine in gas-fired evaporators. Manufactured, or town, gas (gas manufactured from coal) was used in both Britain and the United States in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The next recorded commercial use of natural gas occurred in 1821. William Hart drilled a shallow 27 ft (8.2 meter) well in Fredonia, New York, and, by use of wooden pipes, transported the gas to local houses and stores for streetlights and house lighting. During this period, natural gas was used only in places that happened to be near gas wells, mainly because early pipes were unable to transport it long distances. During the following years, a number of small, local programs involved natural gas, but large-scale activity began in the early years of the 20th century. Prepared by: M. Abbasi 2 M. Abbasi 1 2/24/2020 3 Introduction Overview of the Natural Gas Industry Its popularity as an energy source is expected to grow substantially in the future because natural gas presents many environmental advantages over petroleum and coal. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas linked to global warming, is produced from oil and coal at a rate approximately 1.4 to 1.75 times higher than production from natural gas. (Ref.: EIA - Natural Gas Issues and Trends) Prepared by: M. Abbasi 3 4 Introduction World total primary energy supply Image source: International Energy Agency: 2019 Key Energy World Statistics Report Prepared by: M. Abbasi 4 M. Abbasi 2 2/24/2020 5 Introduction • World primary energy demand by fuel in the GAS scenario Prepared by: M. Abbasi 5 6 Introduction Iran Natural Gas Production (2001-2012) 300 274 247 250 180 180 BCM 200 150 100 77 87 2002 2003 100 106 117 132 2006 2007 195 50 0 2004 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 6 M. Abbasi 3 2/24/2020 7 Introduction Iran’s Share in the World Natural Gas production (2007) 21.4 Russian USA 2.8 Canada Iran* 2.95 Norw ay 3 18.3 3.7 Algeria United Kingdom 6.5 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 7 8 Introduction Iran’s Share in the World Natural Gas production (2018) BCM Share of total US 715.2 21.5 Russia 575.6 17.3 Iran 205.9 6.2 Canada 158.8 4.8 Qatar 150.9 4.8 China 149.2 4.1 Norway 123.2 3.3 Saudi Arabia 111.4 3 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 8 M. Abbasi 4 2/24/2020 9 Introduction Iran’s Share in the World Natural Gas consumption (2007) 22 USA Russian Iran* 2.3 Canada United Kingdom Germany 2.6 2.7 16.8 Japan Italy 3 3 Saudi Arabia 3.2 3.4 Ukraine 3.7 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 9 10 Introduction Iran’s Share in the World Natural Gas consumption (2018) BCM Share of total US 817.1 20.1 Russia 454.5 11.6 China 283 7.4 Iran 225.6 5.9 Japan 115.7 3.2 Canada 115.7 3.2 Saudi Arabia 111.4 3.1 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 10 M. Abbasi 5 2/24/2020 11 Top 5 Gas Reserves (2007) Russia 48 28 Iran Saudi Arabia TCM 25 Qatar 7 Prepared by: M. Abbasi United Arab Emirates 6 11 12 Introduction Top 5 Gas Reserves (2018) TCM Share of total Russia 38.9 18.1 Iran 31.9 17.2 Qatar 24.7 12.9 Turkmenistan 19.5 10.1 US 8.7 4.5 8 4.2 5.9 3.1 Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Prepared by: M. Abbasi 12 M. Abbasi 6 2/24/2020 13 Introduction Typical Gas Compositions Prepared by: M. Abbasi 13 14 Introduction Constituents Of Natural Gas -162 C, 1 atm Prepared by: M. Abbasi 14 M. Abbasi 7 2/24/2020 15 Introduction Classification Reservoir conditions Non-associated (“dry gas”), produced alone (T > Tcricondentherm) Associated gas (“wet gas”), produced with oil Prepared by: M. Abbasi 15 16 Introduction Classification Reservoir conditions Non-associated (“dry gas”), produced alone (T > Tcricondentherm) Associated gas (“wet gas”), produced with oil Prepared by: M. Abbasi 16 M. Abbasi 8 2/24/2020 17 Introduction Classification Prepared by: M. Abbasi 17 18 Introduction Classification Prepared by: M. Abbasi 18 M. Abbasi 9 2/24/2020 19 Production Christmas tree Group of devices at the head of the producing well that regulate the flow of oil being extracted from the deposit. Prepared by: M. Abbasi 19 20 Separation A vessel that separates the well fluids into gas and total liquid. A two-phase separator can be horizontal, vertical or spherical. The liquid (oil, emulsion) leaves the vessel at the bottom through a level-control or dump valve. The gas leaves the vessel at the top, passing through a mist extractor to remove the small liquid droplets in the gas. Prepared by: M. Abbasi 20 M. Abbasi 10 2/24/2020 21 Prepared by: M. Abbasi 21 22 Caspian Sea Hashemi nejad Shorijeh Gonbadly Sarajeh Ilam Masjed Soleyman Bidboland II Bidboland I Dalan Parsian Plan In Operation Fajr Refinery South Pars Dehydration units Gavarzin Sarkhon Prepared by: M. Abbasi 22 M. Abbasi 11
