INGL ÉS INGLÉS UNIDAD 3 LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES: FORMAS Y USOS [email protected] Prof. María José Carrillo Martínez [email protected] Prof. Rosario Verdú Durá Prof. Ana María Mollá Mollá UNIDAD 8. LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES: FORMAS Y USOS. • • • • • • • • • • The The The The The The The The The The present progressive (continuous) simple present present perfect simple past past continuous present perfect continuous past perfect past perfect continuous future tenses. conditional tenses. PRESENT SIMPLE: • • • FORMA: Aff - Sujeto + verbo (forma base) *3ª persona singular –s / -es Neg – Sujeto + don’t / doesn’t + verbo (forma base) Int – Do / Does + sujeto + verbo (forma base)? USOS: - para expresar verdades o hechos generales Water boils at 100 degrees - para expresar hábitos o costumbres She walks to school every day / On Fridays, I go swimming EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: - adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never… que van colocados delante del verbo principal y detrás del verbo to be He always walks to work / I am never late for school. - every day / each year / once a week / daily / in the evening / on + dia semana en plural… I don’t eat fruit at night / My sister plays tennis once a week PRESENT CONTINUOUS • • • • FORMA: Aff - Sujeto + am/is/are + verb -ing Neg – Sujeto + am not/isn’t/aren’t + verb –ing Int – Am/is/are + sujeto + verb –ing ? USOS: - para expresar acciones que están ocurriendo en el momento de hablar. I am studying hard for my Maths exam. - para expresar acciones temporales. She is living in London this year. - para expresar un plan o una acción fijada que tendrá lugar en un futuro próximo. His friend is spending a week in Japan. EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: at the moment, this year, at present, now, tonight, tomorrow, next Saturday… STATIVE VERBS: son verbos que indican un estado en vez de una acción y se utilizan casi siempre en present simple. Algunos de ellos son: like, dislike, hate, hope, want, prefer, believe, remember, forget, think, understand, know, feel, hear, smell, taste, sound, touch, cost, belong… At present I prefer vegetables better than meat. • FORMA: PAST SIMPLE Aff - Sujeto + verbo (pasado –ed/irreg form) Neg – Sujeto + didn’t + verbo (forma base) Int – Did + sujeto + verbo (forma base)? • USOS: - para expresar una acción completada en el pasado. She flew to Boston two days ago. - para expresar una serie de acciones completadas en el pasado. We went to the beach and then we visited the city. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1990, on September 11, then, when… • NOTA IMPORTANTE: Los verbos irregulares hay que estudiarlos de memoria. Una lista de verbos irregulares se puede encontrar en cualquier página web. Hay una en www.mansioningles.com • • • PAST CONTINUOUS FORMA: Aff - Sujeto + was/were + verb -ing Neg – Sujeto + wasn’t/weren’t + verb –ing Int – Was/were + sujeto + verb –ing ? USOS: - para expresar una acción incompleta en progreso en un momento específico del pasado. At 10 o’clock last night, I was writing an e-mail to my friend Rose. - para expresar una acción en progreso en el pasado, interrumpida por otra acción. They were washing the car when it started to rain. - para expresar dos acciones simultáneas en el pasado. Last year he was teaching English while he was studying at university. EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: while, when, as, at 9 o’clock last night PRESENT PERFECT • FORMA: Aff - Sujeto + have/has + verbo (participio –ed/irreg form) Neg – Sujeto + haven’t/hasn’t + verbo (participio –ed/irreg form) Int – Have/has + sujeto + verbo (participio –ed/irreg form) • • USOS: - para expresar una acción que ocurrió en el pasado pero afecta al tiempo presente. Kevin is happy because he has just passed his driving test / I’m hungry. I haven’t eaten yet. - para expresar una acción que empezó en el pasado y que continúa hasta el presente. *He has played tennis for ten years / *They have known her since she was a child / How long have you studied English? EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: ever, never, just, yet, already, for, since, recently… PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS • FORMA: Aff – Suj + have/has + been + verb –ing. Neg – Suj + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb –ing. Int – Have/has + suj + been + verb –ing? • USO: - para expresar una acción que empezó en el pasado y que continúa en el presente. I have been working in London for a year. How long have you been waiting? - para expresar una acción cuyos resultados son todavía aparentes. I am tired. I have been driving all night. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: for a year, since 2002, how long…?, all night, morning, day, week… PAST PERFECT • FORMA: Aff- Suj + had + verbo (participio –ed/irreg form) Neg- Suj + hadn’t +verbo(participio–ed/irreg form) Int- Had + suj + verbo (participio –ed/irreg form) • USOS: - para expresar una acción completada que ocurrió antes de otra acción o tiempo en el pasado. The rain had already stopped before I left. Before he was 22, he had finished his studies. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: already, by the time, after, before… PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS • FORMA: Aff- Suj + had + been + verb –ing. Neg- Suj + hadn’t + been + verb –ing. Int- Had + suj + been + verb –ing? • USOS: - para expresar una acción continuada que tuvo lugar antes de otra acción en el pasado. He had been waiting for ten minutes when she arrived. We had been travelling for days when it started snowing. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: for hours, since last April, all morning, when, until, before, by the time… FUTURE SIMPLE • FORMA Aff- Suj + will + verbo (forma base). Neg- Suj + won’t + verbo (forma base). Int- Will + suj + verbo (forma base)? • USOS: - para hacer predicciones sobre hechos futuros. She will probably live in London in the future / On 2090 people will travel to the moon on holidays. - para expresar una decisión repentina, que se toma sobre la marcha. There is no meat left, so I will have fish for lunch / It’s very cloudy outside. I think I’ll take an umbrella. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: next month, tomorrow, in the future, soon, later, in a few weeks, on the 8th of May… BE GOING TO • FORMA Aff- Suj + am/is/are + going to + verbo (forma base). Neg- Suj + am not/isn’t/aren’t+going to + verbo (forma base). Int- Am/Is/Are + suj + going to + verbo (forma base)? • USOS: - para expresar intenciones o planes en un futuro próximo. The newspaper is going to publish the results of the experiment next year. / I’m going to marry John - para indicar que algo está a punto de ocurrir porque vemos indicios de ello. Be careful! The dog is going to bite you / Watch out! You are going to fall! • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: next month, tomorrow, soon, later, in an hour, at eleven o’clock, on the 8th of May… CONDITIONAL SIMPLE • FORMA Aff- Suj + would + verbo (forma base). Neg- Suj + wouldn’t + verbo (forma base). Int- Would + suj + verbo (forma base)? • USOS: - en las oraciones condicionales llamadas tipo 2 o condicional improbable. If you travelled, you would meet many people / If she were rich, she’d give some money to charity. Indica que si se cumpliera el contenido de la oración improbable expresado en la subordinada, se realizaría la acción de la principal. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: If / Unless CONDITIONAL PERFECT • FORMA Aff- Suj + would + have + verbo (participio –ed/irreg). Neg- Suj + wouldn’t + have + verbo (participio –ed/irreg). Int- Would + suj + have + verbo (participio –ed/irreg)? • USOS: - en las oraciones condicionales llamadas tipo 3 o condicional imposible. If you had travelled, you would have met many people / If she had been rich, she’d have given some money to charity. Indica que es imposible o demasiado tarde para que la condición se pudiera cumplir. • EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO: If / Unless
