SUSTANTIVOS FORMADOS A PARTIR DE ADJETIVOS: • Los sufijos más frecuente que se añaden a los adjetivos para formar sustantivos son los siguientes: -ness • -ity -ion -cy weak – weakness serious – seriousness ill – illness deaf – deafness sad – sadness dark – darkness aggressive – aggressiveness mad – madness regular – regularity superior – superiority formal – formality prosperous – prosperity generous – generosity curious – curiosity secure – security creative – creativity -ity: dense – density equal – equality productive – productivity complex – complexity simalar – simalarity • -ence -ness: happy – happiness lonely – loneliness aware – awareness blind – blindness • -ance -ance: elegant – elagance relevant – relevance ignorant – ignorance important – importance extravagant – extravagance • -ence: patient – patience reverent – reverence confident – confidence different – difference intelligent – intelligence • coherent – coherence obedient – obedience decadent – decadence innocent – innocence present – presence -ion: organized – organization irrited – irritation populated – population • resident – residence adolescent – adolescente competent – competence violent – violence operated – operation -cy: accurate – accuracy diplomatic – diplomacy frequent – frequency decent - decency efficient – efficiency private – privacy deficient – deficiency fluent – fluency urgent – urgency • Hay, muchos adjetivos que se convierten en sustantivos de una forma irregular: Angry – anger strong – stronger long – length broad – breadth dangerous – danger high – height mysterious – mystery proud – pride wide – width dead – death beautiful – beauty thirsty – thirst certain – certainty difficult – difficulty honest – honesty poor – poverty safe – safety wise – wisdom hungry – hunger deep – depht brave – bravery courageous – courage free – freedom hot – heat optimistic – optimism warm – warmth young – youth SUSTANTIVOS FORMADOS A PARTIR DE VERBOS: • Los sustantivos más frecuentes que se añaden a los verbos para formar sustantivos son los siguientes: -al • -ance -ation -ion educate – education vary – variation -ion: construct – construction discuss – discussion Pero: destroy – destruction. • enter – entrance -ation: create – creation civilize – civilization preserve – preservation found – foundation organize – organization explain – explanation • dismiss – dismissal bury – burial -ance: perform – performance appear – appearance disappear – disappearance • -ing -al: arrive – arrival survive – survival disapprove – disapproval approve – approval revive – revival refuse – refusal • -ment invent – invention -ment: arrange – arrangement excite – excitement retire – retirement developp – developpment embarrass – embarrassment. improve – improvement amuse – amusement • • -ing: mean – meanning drive – driving heat – heating begin – beginning feel – feeling write – writing lodge – lodging learn – learning read – reading swim – swimming Hay muchos verbos que se convierten en sustantivos de una forma irregular: Behave – behaviour Compare – comparison Choose – choice Decide – decision Deliver – delivery Depart – departure Die – death Feed – food fly – flight inhabit – inhabitant know – knowledge laugh – laughter live – life marry – marriage please – pleasure post –postage prove – proof rob – robbery see – sight sell – sale sign – signature succeed – success think – thought weigh – weight. ADJETIVOS FORMADOS A PARTIR DE VERBOS Y SUSTANTIVOS: • Los adjetivos más frecuentes que se añaden a los verbos y sustantivos para formar adjetivos son los siguientes: -able -al • -ful -ible -ing -ive -y -able: accept – acceptable reason – resonable comfort – comfortable believe – believable eat – eatable use – useable – usable irritate – irritable profit – profitable predict – predictable recognize – recognizable understand – understandable • -al: education – educational politics – political nation – national accident – accidental music – musical globe – global logics – logical environment – environnental origin – original profession – professional region – regional sentiment – sentimental • -ful: colour – colourful success – successful • help – helpful peace – peaceful pain – painful sense – sensible divide – divisible access – accessible convert – convertible -ible: horror – horrible comprehend • -ing: interest – interesting disgust – disgusting • • excite –exciting amuse –amusing -ive: offence – offensive destroy – destructive action – active product – productive reception – receptive attract – attractive create – creative construct – constructive effect – effective mass – massive decide – decisive compete – competitive -y: luck – lucky blood – bloody rain – rainy dust – dusty thirst – thirsty cloud – cloudy sun – sunny sand – sandy hair – hairy sleep – sleepy mud – muddy dirt – dirty fun – funny OPUESTOS: • Para dar un significado negativo a los adjetivos, sustantivos o verbos, se suele emplear una serie de prefijos negativos: Un- • • • in- il- im- ir- dis- non- Un-: Unable Uncomfortable Unfair Unlucky unacceptable unconscious unfortunate unnecessary unbelievable unconventional unhappy unpleasant uncertain unemployed unkind unpredictable In-: Inability Independant Invisible inadequate informal inefficiency incapable injustice inexhaustible insecurity illegible illegitimate illiterate IL-: Illegal Illogical • Im-: Inmature • impersonal irregular irrelevant irresistible disappear discontent disobey disapprove dishonest discomfort dislike non-resident non-verbal non-smoker non-violent non-specialist Dis-: Disagree Disconnect Disloyal • imperfect Ir-: Irrational Irresponsible • impatient Non-: Non-profit Non-stop