ARCHITECTURAL TIKAL, THE SURVEY GUATEMALA GREAT George F. University TEMPLES AnoVews of Oregon Eugene, Oregon SITE: TIKAL BACKGROUND: The first official expedition to the ruins of Tikal 1848 Modesto Mendez and Ambrosio by and Lara made somewhat fanciful They some in followed were 1877 Alfred site buildings Tozzer and Merwin site a architectural data was in earnest 1881 excellent and sent to 1882 by photographs of and followed by Teobert Maler, who visited Maler spent three months in all at Tikal and his and plans, sections, photographs, spent supplied by at site the (1951), Edwin Shook their and architectural additional as of descriptions A few years later Alfred (Maler, 1911). month a well as map was monuments. sculptured I and IV and Temples begun in was Maudslay numerous R.E. and included of Tikal 1895 and 1904. in includes artist, temples Basel, Switzerland. provided measured plans (1889-1902). I-V Temples record who Maudslay, the main of several stelae and carved lintels. of the carved wooden lintels removed from The architectural record an by Dr. Gustav Bernoulli, who succeded in having the Museum fur Volkerkunde in the drawings made in was accompanied by were provided brief descriptions of Mendez and Tut Eusebio Lara. Tut, who (1911) report Further data. who visited the site in 1937 and 1942. In 1956, with Shook initiated an 11 as the first Field Director, the University of Pennsylvania year program of excavations and cooperation with the government of Guatemala Anthropology and participated in this History be made of the work of Coe at Stanley (1990) who focussed at Tikal. Following of the a Loten (1970), long of the Peter Harrison University of Tikal individuals special mention but considerable amount of attention completion of at the National Guatemala with Miguel Orrego connection with numerous (Orrego and two decades and Larios, 1983). at the of Rudy Larios architecturally as on who should (1970) and William on the architecture Pennsylvania's Anthropology oriented I visited Tikal between 1960 and 1981 architectural remains these Institute in Institute of program Tikal, further excavation and restoration projects have been carried archaeologists from 11 is indeed very the National list The Guatemala. undertaking investigations and out by History of and principal investigators in projects, including Group 5E- several occasions the for the purpose of studying during the exposed site, and the report which follows is based on investigations. 3 SITUATION: of Tikal ruins The about Until departmental capital. modern in located are Department of Peten, Guatemala, 43 the the part of the northeastern by air from Flores, kilometers present paved road site the to the was constructed, the ruins could only be reached by air from Santa Elena (near Flores) but the airstrip closed was following raid a and fire 1980. in The about 19 kilometers to major archaeological site is Uaxactun, which is closest the north. TOPOGRAPHY: The series of seasonal some distance. ancient SUPPLY: the higher ground found are the bajos Because of ancient inhabitants of Tikal supplemented by plaster artificial to make them reservoirs actually site situated in the midst of is on used for was of series a a but never the lack of permanent rely on served as the main ruins, these water-storage type which are of the are so common or lakes, the natural lined with were aguadas was While of water. source and streams aguadas, Since the number of watertight. higher portions of and bajos themselves. in the forced to were purposes and all building ridges deep reservoirs, which have been found among the the of the portion bajos and the bajos continue outward in all directions for Only structures ground surrounding WATER central ponds, stone and limited, some the chultuns rather than dry-storage type in the Puuc and Chenes regions to the north. 1981, five different maps of Tikal had been made, which vary of MAPS: As widely in terms of their extent and accuracy. Alfred Maudslay (1889-1902) Maler made in the main center. in 1904 but this to the site was made in kilometers. seven In the and was a 1950's by portion of crews and this still as new east-west and from the serves data is the site as total a Tozzer and map of the main center (1911) which served The central few of the during actually published until separate sheets, covering meantime, Alfred a extensive map more not The earliest map limited to was as area north-south Maler's map square a partial the map of Tikal for many years. was mapped in the late and Hazard, 1961) Tikal, with amendations and additions The most recent maps transepts by his second visit 1971. of about University of Pennsylvania (Carr forthcoming. made structures Raymond Merwin made (16 square kilometers) the base map of was larger running to are the those Tikal produced by the Park boundaries 4 These maps (Puleston, 1983). to attempted plans of many of SIZE: the satellite sites The map. locations of limits of the long earthworks, study also covers an to the 16 square kilometers opposed as This larger which are area shows site Tikal. surrounding (1983) Greater Tikal to Puleston According square kilometers Hazard part of the settlement survey of Tikal, which are define the limits of Greater Tikal. area shown determined are of about 120 the Carr- on in part by the assumed to mark the limits of the site to the north and southwest while the other site limits were determined on the basis of about 112 kilometer per dropoff of visible It attempt definite is not i of the structures possible within of analysis in the central the basis of natural was of the site. More divided three purposes. the basis of elevation, bind the whole. At smaller as and This leads to well only a organization main the higher concentric "scattered" epicenter epicenter groupings favored by were areas sited of land on were effect, particularly in is determined both on the locations of the several within the earlier into great causeways a the ancient cohesive more are organized Maya throughout area. COMMENTS: version as an Tikal, and Peripheral Tikal. scales, individual complexes of structukres into the familiar rectalinear the lowland square recently, Puleston and other structures buildings structures larger into Central the two outer zones, but the order within the which per In Tikal. basic aspects of the some portion ground elevations, plan of civic Epicenter Tikal, Within all three of these zones, building 39 and confines of the present report to the the I discussed suggested that Greater Tikal subzones which he called used for Tikal V2 publication (Andrews, 1975) has Greater mostly works out to density the site limits. CTVIC PLAN any within kilometer, square beyond Structure structures. It should be of what can be recognized gleaned Reports which have been issued that all of the above is from to date a careful (1991), as study of well as a the the very condensed official Tikal myriad of thesis, reports and journal articles which have been produced by various members of the multi-national group of interested in pursuing professionals any of the lines of consult! several of these primary who have worked at Tikal. inquiry outlined above is Anyone urged to sources. s ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY AT TIKAL In the at lowland specialists program of initiated I March of 1974, buildings Tikal, Guatemala, Maya as area from the a part of whole. of University that survey of general architectural time Pennsylvania and other archaeologists 11 completed their had (1956-1966) but further work the National Institute of auspices of in progress under the a more By at the site investigations architectural survey of selected preliminary a as year already was Anthropology and History of Guatemala. At the outset, I realized that there survey of all the with still it but photographs, been excavated and partly way for worthwhile restored. Included comprehensive a Tikal, other than record to representative buildings amount some had which With this in mind, I restricted building types; pyramid-temples, palace-type) buildings. to make me at a site the size of seemed detailed architectural data from two basic was no standing architecture were and Temples of recently myself to range-type (commonly called I-VI, plus 5D-65 Structures (Maler's Palace), 5D-91 (south building, Group of 7 Temples), Structure 5C-13 (Bat Palace), and Structure that time was, and still basis for 5E-58 is, that (Palace of the Vertical Grooves). My feeling a record of this kind would be I also regions. much recognized ultimately the of excavations and restorations carried out course archaeologists it has from either the turned out, INAH, Guatemala are Structure 5E-58 has the superceded by above, publication April, of the the the far been same or preliminary buildings during buildings by INAH, Guatemala. and Pennsylvania reports, well behind schedule and of the so on University of Pennsylvania I those of recorded, only reported elsewhere (Orrego and Larios, 1983). report that follows should be considered preliminary, pending publication George more that my detailed data obtained data would Given at useful a comparing basic architectural forms and details of typical buildings at Tikal with those from other As provide of more as strictly detailed data by others. F. Andrews 1991 Cs LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES Platforms with one, two BUILDING PLATFORMS: In levels. these plan, of multi -level platforms platforms slope inward, apron-type forms with inset STATRWAYS: some follow three bodies and two or plan of building proper. and profiles vary from or more Stepped simple sides complex to corners. Projecting stairways have ramps at outer EXTERIOR - on platforms normally edges. on front side and only, normally formed with good Risers and treads sized, well-cut blocks. BASE MOLDINGS: plain faces individual slight Lower walls inset or Structure moldings, where distinct from inward building platforms, varies Height slope. considerably show (see buildings). LOWER WALLS: applied Base with more decoration. 5E-58 where wall or One less and most vertical, to major exception surfaces show plain, are this is rule with seen no on paneled effect, created by vertical grooves. DOORWAYS: Doorways in exterior walls, simple, rectangular forms. which are still in WALL OPENINGS: walls. All which vary in considerably width, have doorways spanned with wooden lintels, many of place. Numerous Occasional examples small, vent-type and drain-type holes in exterior of larger "windows", such as those in rear walls of Bat Palace. moldings difficult to discern since MEDIAL MOLDINGS: Medial shallow in reference to walls above. projections moldings above. have Where still plain, slightly sloping faces, roughly parallel Heights vary UPPER WALL ZONES: they in to have very place, medial slope of walls from .20 meters to .50 meters. Upper walls generally show slight inward slope, and main 1 facades rear generally CORNICE: inward Most cornice on plain All Great over range-type buildings. vertically by occasionally offsets sides or and fallen but simple, moldings. portions. temple-type buildings carried Occasional examples of roofcombs Roofcombs divided into two, three, projecting moldings rear show remaining examples and many other rear Side and decorated. to medial Temples hollow roofcombs or moldings sloping forms, similar ROOFCOMBS: high, form of stone and stucco decoration. some carry facades may be either at sides and wall, also carried elaborate or more sections rear. Fronts, and stone and stucco sculptural forms. I LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES INTERIOR - LOWER WALL ZONE RAISED FLOORS: single Floors of rear Raised floors also rooms. generally raised rooms in seen between doorways above floors of outer part of and within rooms a room. BENCHES: Benches examples of Harrison (1970) Acropolis, benches same in types are temple-type found are different 13 noted and these found not are masonry in bench buildings types found in range in but numerous Peter buildings. range-type of buildings Central buildings throughout the site. INTERIOR STAIRWAYS: I have seen is Interior stairways in Room 8 of Structure extremely are rare and only example 5E-58, Group 5E-11. DOORWAYS: Interior have lintels, including multi-beam examples carved in shallow relief wooden doorways (see decorative features). vaulted at more varied Other interior than exterior doorways have doorways stone lintels Numerous One type buildings. examples of wall niches of variety has simple, rectangular two basic kinds Some "windows". For VENT HOLES: (just rooms. examples examples, Numerous springlines) DRAIN BOLES: of are Small of see large openings exteriofr walls outer face. in form examples of small, almost square holes in lower which of Bat Palace and Maler's Palace. seem walls to have served for ventilation purposes. holes, sijmilar in size These appear to have served (after scrubbing?). in in range- form with wood lintels at top while second variety has horizontal wooden member centered in below or top. WALL NICHES: WINDOWS: some -as as to vent a way of holes, found draining at floor level water from rooms Some beams. are single, in walls which carried imbedded wooden holes Small, sub-spring BEAM HOLES: while others in are pairs sides of opposite on rooms. Many of these beam holes associated with benches. Sometimes called tie holes CORDHOLDERS: in walls with holes and of made were inserts ceramic pins imbedded stone, wood, at in inner walls sometimes found in other ROD SOCKETS: found as Shallow, they in hemispherical depressions devices are doorways, but are These doorjambs which are assumed to have been used are rods, which could be bent and ends slipped into While these devices are almost universal in buildings in Puuc region, at Tikal. none-typical are have examples These to exterior round are generally vertical locations, including doorjambs. sockets for ends of wooden sockets. adjacent above floor and below lintels. just Pins (and latest) Best bone. or curtain holders, these edge for protective purposes. outer universally found almost or back of hole. near VAULTS SPRINGLINE corners Offsets OFFSETS: generally in walls long (.037-. 07 shallow are Offsets in end walls rounded. m.) extremely shallow, are or and non existent. VAULT SHAPES: Faces of most vaults stepped vaults. Vaults with carved are not slope, though CROSSBEAMS: of which pairs were there is decorated faces, offset at Niches, MOLDD#GS: No known or as with occasional with or three capstones, although are stone regions, some inward of wooden crossbeams, most are openings extremely examples of these rows spool-like moldings. other wall examples of in Puuc and other seen springline. (side by side) though OPENINGS: below no Most vaults show two of crossbeams straight, In many cases, end walls of vaults show found at Tikal. even are or common stucco Occasional some examples of single. rare in faces of vaults. moldings in many northern at springline or regions. to CAPSTONES: Capstone spans vary from .15 to .30 meters. ROOFCOMBS INTERIOR CHAMBERS: temples like as rooms Huge roofcombs well, had sealed, in buildings, as on Great Temples, vaulted chambers within. some and probably These spaces had wooden crossbeams were other much in vaults. 'I LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL DECORATIVE FEATURES PLATFORMS: BUILDING moldings) can of be far as masks large as to adjacent BASE MOLDINGS: are lower walls with there "grooved" plain exception which shows traces or plain. are temples range-type buildings and such exceptions, some are panels but these are are 5E-58 Structure as examples of Occasional sculptural forms. carry decorated inset or than stairway. Lower walls of both generally plain, though One concerned. are building platform of Temple II, present, base moldings Where LOWER WAIi ZONES: where walls sculptures (other undecorated platforms building stone and stucco east side of on seen Most EXTERIOR - exceptions rather than the rule. DOORWAYS: examples Jambs MEDIAL MOLDING: doorways buildings, range-type sculptural examples central forms such inscriptions, as seen CORNICE MOLDINGS: present, zones on ROOFCOMBS: Facades stone forms, and Temple of Little of Seven are No plain. known Any decoration plain. of main facades of both the including as end masks walls must at unusual motif the temples well, as seen in or and carried Occasional corners. Temples (Structure 50-96) rear wall of hieroglyphic Inscriptions (Temple VI). most data, as these moldings roofcombs, stucco are cases many masks, as surviving examples indicate other in doorways has survived. of other decorative forms, such temple of Group of elaborate none Upper wall and exterior with carved wooden lintels. where Moldings, have been in stucco, of which UPPER WALL ZONES: of lintels and of exterior cornice were moldings have fallen, but plain. particularly sculptures featuring including hieroglyphic inscriptions. the main human Sides facades, carried figures, masks, of many and roofcombs IL carried evidence similar that sculptures much of this but rear sculpture facades was were generally painted, though plain. little paint Some has survived. '3 LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL DECORATIVE FEATURES Sculptured wooden lintels have SCULPTURED LLNTELS: interior and there is now no unknown are graffiti, extremely have been rare SCULPTURES: exceedingly buildings were at or Tikal. I none saw While not a a some found are on in Red hand is (symbolic?) too Most are or buildings I and and other kind any as are found on some the and to consider are vaults) of I examined and none graffiti have been plastered floors, reported surfaces of walls, benches, and vaults. appear to have had none. buildings prints (positives) or Tikal, including both temple at of stucco, or (walls (1970). numerous buildings stone interiors Loten plastered surfaces limited, however, negative prints (outlined these as in The number of typical decorative forms. PAINTED CAPSTONES: be^fen carved classified of red) have been found in both temple and range-type buildings. examples had Temples Bonampak paintings either the on any of the Distribution is uneven, however, and HAND PRINTS: but in executed number of range-thype buildings. other vault surfaces. universal trait, large in seen the kind found at numbers (perhaps non-existant) and recorded from but small forms, Sculptural rare in still be in (some destroyed) buildings actually can the over as painted designs, mostly reported by either Harrison (1970) GRAFFITI: and found either wall on Small Tikal. at well as London, Basel and New York. in now are Polychrome murals, of WALL PAINTINGS: sites, carved lintels found been Temples, how many knowing original Other carved beams Great the most of these have been removed way of A few of the lintels. of several Unfortunately, structures. III. in doorways INTERIORS - To the best of my reported from Late Classic knowledge, buildings no painted capstones have at Tikal. m LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL CONSTRUCTION FEATURES BUILDING Platforms PLATFORMS: Facing blocks much like those walls. Coursing STAIRWAYS: of is for individual rubble and cores cut in substructures and in and little mortar is fairly regular Stairways employ used stones have seen EXTERIOR - cut stone blocks and risers. required of and building between normally, only risers Both facings. stone facings treads joints. course one coated with stucco. BASE MOLDINGS: base Projecting formed with moldings one or two courses of cut stones. LOWER WALLS: rectangular in Outer northern walls Walls of blocks. and regions concrete-like with made range-type buildings average 4 feet 6 to in buildings. Great 15 Temples are even thicker, and measure large aggregate, mixed with to up feet. core of the they are walls. building well bound to used in other DOORWAYS: core Although facing Jambs of MEDIAL MOLDINGS: UPPER WALLS: core can off, as directly be called Harrison the core up into the veneer-like, do thin-veneer stones regions. doorways consistently faced with rectangular blocks, Multi-beam wood lintels above, most of facings. which consist of round beams made of depending carried stones and do not tend to fall similar to those used in wall on was an Core material smaller stones and mortar. building platform (or floor) to Walls of the (1970) noted that in the later buildings of the Central Acropolis, material from the with to those thickness, compared average wall thickness of 2 feet in Late Classic Puuc consists of faced core, thick, compared are Medial height. logwood moldings formed Lowest course or with one fairly deeply Basic construction similar to that with cut stone facing). Construction joint zapote. or two courses of tenoned into seen some stones, hearting. in lower walls (rubble distance behind finished face where structural outer facing portion CORNICE MOLDLNG: medial These moldings. moldings formed Lowest same as since projection is very slight. ROOFCOMBS: used Construction in other parts of chambers, facings, of vault was completed before outer wall added. was as a as way of course with not one as Roofcombs reducing weight. in lower and upper walls of two courses of as in medial in roofcombs technology employed building. or deep are stones, moldings similar to that hollow, with sealed interior Outer surfaces finished with cut stone building below. IL LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL CONSTRUCTION FEATURES WALLS: walls Interior employ These walls also walls. covered with coats of BENCHES: Benches These secondary, are constructed; hard kind of construction same thick (about the fairly INTERIOR - same as as in exteior seen exterior walls) and were plaster wrth-fnere4fin--one-4ayjv-- of made masonry, with stone floors and walls as to say how much time plaster surfaces. finished plastered before were benches were elapsed between plastering of floors and walls and construction of benches. DOORWAYS: as Some interior exterior over doorways, doorways but others covered with Some very have stone lintels (see data sheets for individual VAULTS: multi-beam, wooden lintels, vaulted. are specialized faces, measuring as about portions are profile. A few cut much 26 are more stones. as inches 22 deep, slab-like, Facing inches and large aggregate stones wide and most doorways buildings). Vaults have concrete-like core, made with faced with narrow are and flat surfaces have 15 and mortar, beveled, rectangular inches high. Tenoned slightly wedge-shaped top and bottom produce in a true corbelled vault. CROSSBEAMS: deeply Most vaults imbedded into vault have two hearting. or three All are rows round in of crossbeams, with ends section, about 5-6 inches in diameter. CAPSTONES: Capstones inches or (plus are rectangular blocks, minus) bottom of capstones to about 6-8 inches thick. 20 top of roof. n TIKAL The THE GREAT TEMPLES - alike popularity monumental these are monuments the tallest The m from high platform supporting its pyramidal substructure to roof comb, soars high above even the tallest trees of its of the whose lintels, architectural built by any pre-Columbian culture. Temple IV, which measures about 64.45 temples and design sculptors' ancient Maya with covered were execution the addition, In forest. rain surrounding several roofcombs, towering impressive most The since understand to their with professionals outsiders. to the of the top hard Temples I VI, as and ever group, the base and highest, known not are pyramid-temples, the among of this in this for reasons known visitors casual became first they since ever commonly of attention the attracted Tikal, at Temples Great six have wooden the of superb examples are of doorways sculptured art. All of these temples (and other smaller, less well known temples) through they differ in terms of size, number and layout of with of inset the pyramids On corners. temple single stairway a The proper. vertical and front recess rear, by of means leads which four 3) zone; wall upper setback a the to zones divided into differentiates which ends building low into are either with moldings a front, 2) lower wall plan, the temples In both in the divided base; vertically; 1) projecting and 4) roofcomb. side. pyramid is on common a pyramid The stepped apron-type is temple follow , truncated \ front its on complex, carry zone; sections, stepped top of this truncated platform, also with the orientation, a on single projecting stairway a sides stands Each template. and features decorative rooms, design two or two a parts. moldings and both lower and upper wall zones of the portion are higher than those of the front portion, and the further rear the over rise portions, roofcombs invariably In most cases, only the front sides exaggerating their verticality. base The rear of the roofcombs sides and front wall decorated, but the upper were of front the sections carried of both zones and/or other masks sculptural forms. The following each of the pages Great made by the author. (elite residences preliminary, ?) pending from excavation and of general other As I the the basic together is the data my publication restoration. with It with drawings of data and and photos range-type buildings should is offered temples for data architectural with the case recorded, comparison regions. contain Temples be considered obtained by mostly for as others purposes pyramid-temples from SITE: TEMPLE (Structure 5D-1) I (Pyramid) SUBSTRUCTURE OF TEMPLE I The of side west I Temple 37.25 measures few risers most of a bottom; ancient The stairway stairway nine of terraces the on which moldings The sides and adjacent projecting carry of rear part, they have the and the main level though bones. There Temple of assume that an substructure structures ruler, were as accompanying about A.D. tomb stairway 700, a built. means grave It of goods. the tomb must a but to the was then Since date The tomb. the Temple tomb, I years as I to burial and of its by the latter buried has the in reasonable for the over of fragments Temple covered burial rich a seems used time some floor plaza. carved it and protecting whose this to leading vaulted buired high, contain to shells, and constructed prior be a m of the present Palenque, at was of presence found was to appears wide, and 3.95 pottery, Inscriptions important The (see plan). pyramid, is about 29.5 m exploratory tunnel driven north the m level the no was the has which apron-type corners top of pyramid an revealed long. 2.43 pearls, jades, of complex mass walls, collapsed, partly including the being constructed. was solid below m the by most stairway 6.08 was the pyramid show similar forms but for the reconstructed (see photos). retaining m at reach been not tomb, about 4.41 pyramid. used stairway, the at to the projecting stairway differ in The moldings along the upper edge. While the interior of the of rubble the near level to to visitors by feature face, the preserved still pyramid, each main the west back step portions profile and of used now wide m face of west are its including 8.46 is "construction" earlier an overall height, from plaza total. beyond the m this Maya during the time the temple setbacks two the is temple upper 8.55 of which stairway, supporting pyramid (north-south) total m The out bottom, projects truncated stepped and the projecting stairway. Only 3/29/1974 DATE: TIKAL been ruler dated and to earlier. Zo SITE: 3/29/1974 DATE: TIKAL STRUCTURE 5D-1 TEMPLE I of the Giant (Temple Jaguar) GENERAL DESCRIPTION Temple I, which is situated is temple proper levels, with side east stands on of The temple with high, sides 11.87 measures side). It proper its wide m divided is of its pyramid The with side. west of substructures the Jaguar, Tikal. at is As the Great complex carry nine apron- corners. rests on stairway own Plaza Great on pyramidal type moldings, with inset Giant Temple of the the stairway the Temples, the stepped m the as of steepsided, stepped pyramid a broad a characteristic known also the on a overall (west into main two about building platform, the on The side. west 1.82 temple side) and 7.51 sections m deep (north (front and rear) by of a vertical recess about 0.87 m deep, running the full height of the temple from top of building platform to top of roof means of front section. doorway on high roofcomb remains of Its the a three narrow side, with west rises the over The by elaborate scroll-work. derived from rear large, seated figure a motif one on of rooms plain, from entered be can wooden lintels a above. A portion of the temple with the the front (west) side flanked on name its is Temple of the Giant Jaguar carved lintels an over interior doorway. ORIENTATION Main facade faces BUILDING I Temple west. PLATFORM stands on the west from the is .38 1.81 m m m side, about 5.52 top the of m wide, gives set .47 m access an above the top of the A to the The pyramidal substructure. high, has sloping sides, with high, 12.63 platform, about deep (east-west) overall. building a (north-south) and 8.46 wide m stairway on temple upper platform, which horizontal recess, about pyramid (see section). EXTERIOR DETAILS BASE MOLDING No base on rear rear molding section, sections. on front beginning section. at Details vertical below recess are for between molding front and Form: very Projecting, rectangular slight inward slope. face Outer molding. shows Size: Height 0.70 m. Projection: 0.20 m at top. LOWER WALL ZONE 3.21 Height: projecting of top m; building front wall, upper platform section. bottom to for data No of rear section. Stonework: Walls faced with small of courses blocks, moderately well-dressed. Thickness: Front wall 1.03 Decoration: None; wall surfaces thick at doorjambs. m plain. are DOORWAYS Shape; Rectangular. Jambs: wall Faced Lintels: 0.18 MEDIAL with small wood lintels similar blocks, those to for used facings. m Plain in the form Upper wall of rectangulr beams, thick. MOLDING No real medial beyond face molding. of wall below and then projects 0.22 out upward runs with m no break. UPPER WALL ZONE Height: About 2.52 m. Stonework: Where similar to those plain, Decoration: Traces corners; north stone and stucco Other: Upper plain. show of and blocks, sides masks doorway and over of front at carried section also sculptures. wall Upper small with walls. grotesque south faced wall upper in lower seen zone wall of zones rear of section both to appears and front have rear been sections slight inward slope. CORNICE Entire face molding. plane from top to bottom. No cornice ROOF of upper wall forms single STRUCTURE Description: sections. within each section. Location: Over rear Dimensions: Overall portion at Decoration: seated large high roofcomb made in two main is hollow, with sealed, vaulted chambers Very Roofcomb portion of building. height about 14.7 m, not including fallen top. West figure, face flanked of by roofcomb decorated scroll-work and with other large forms, Z~L with stucco and then covered stone armatures, painted. STYLE ARCHITECTURAL Central made with forms These including serpents. style. Peten COMMENTS The description of Temple "scientific" first who Maudslay (1889-1902) wooden been lintels removed at only investigations plan and section. Temple of form. My although before its 1 of 1895 the from of the of my restoration Temple additional and I was of Temple data 1904. and excavated of (1956-66) Tozzer photographs (1911) made who brought it a new as archaeological to its March photographs were made had been completed. as early were in from restored partly Pennsylvania's by still are in I already probably recorded Temple carved the had I beams and and of visit, carved by Alfred made Most A. Maudslays original carefully site it doorways University at data some time two was the investigations the in his part inner (1911) added Maler place. the over Bernoulli, and called present of as 1974, 1960, Z3 SITE: DATE: TIKAL I) STRUCTURE 5D-1 (TEMPLE 1 INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM 3/29/1974 (Exterior west room, side) DIMENSIONS Length: 6.57 Width: .74 m. m. WALLS Height: 3.32 floor to m.: Thickness: Front Stonework: springline. wall 1.03 Walls faced thick at doorjambs. m with small blocks, well- moderately dressed. Doorways: Exterior Rod 2.20 doorway (zapote) lintels above. 0.48 wide. m Plain wooden top of lintels to springline. m Sockets: No data. Cordholders." None noted. Wall Openings: 0.38 m Small, below holes vent-type but springline, I in not am front sure walls, if about these are original. Platforms: None. Maler (1911) Step up to Room 2 is .34 m high. reported both white and red hand prints above doorway to Other: Room 2, as well graffiti showing a as a "dancing devil". VAULTS Springline Offset: .06-.07 m. Height: 1.99 m: springline to bottom of capstones. Form: Vault faces have straight sides. Stonework: Vault faced with long rectangular slabs, exposed faces cut Capstones: Capstone span Crossbeams: rows about 0.20 capstones. 1 Three m above row with slope of vault. to near about 0.20 springline. center m. wooden of 1 crossbeams; row 0.20-.25 one m row below of vault. OBSERVATIONS Room is vault is extremely narrow fairly high, given by normal Maya standards and span. ^ SITE: DATE: TIKAL (TEMPLE I) STRUCTURE 5D-1 INTERIOR 3/29/1974 ROOM DETAILS; 2 (Middle room) DIMENSIONS Length: 4.71 Width: .76 m. m. WALLS Height: 2.51 m; top of floor to bottom of lintel. Thickness: Dividing wall to front Stonework: Same in Room as Doorways: Doorway in Carved west wood lintels above room (Room 1) 1.23 m thick. 1. wall to front with 2 of 4 2.43 room m wide. original beams still in place. Rod Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Floor of this room raised 0.34 m above floor of outer room. VAULTS All details of vault similar to those seen in Room 1. OBSERVATIONS Very small room with only 3.58 sq. m of floor space, exclusive of space between doorjambs. zr SITE: DATE: TIKAL I) STRUCTURE 5D-1 (TEMPLE INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM 3/29/1974 (Rear room) 3 DIMENSIONS Length: 5.28 Width: .71 m. M. WALLS Height: 3.09 m: floor to Thickness: Dividing wall about 1.78 wide. in Rooms as in Doorway Wood to Room 2 is 1.46 m thick. Rear thick. m Stonework: Same Doorways: springline. wall lintel found only one figure in profile. wall with 5 0.58 and 2. made above, of 1 dividing carved m beams. original top of lintel 2 Room to 5 to 1.92 is Maler beams m (1911) human with springline. Rod Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Pit in made rear Room prior floor, to wall. A.D. Floor made by Maya looters, led down 900. Faint traces of this room raised of drawings 0.26 m to in above grave red floor on of 2. VAULTS All details of vault similar to those seen in vault over Room 1. OBSERVATIONS Very narrow dark room. zu TIKAL, Guatemala Temple I (Str. 5D-1) G.F. Andrews, 1974 21 Tikal, Guatemala Temple I (Structure SD-1) C.F. Andrews, 1971 (Roofcomb after Coe, 1990) ^i> TIKAL, Temple I and II (Restored) *? Jo TIKAL, Temple I (restored) *f TIKAL, Temple I and Temple II 3Z *-nV_, TIKAL, Temple I (Structure 5D-1. 33 iaiifcrtTIKAL, Great Plaza and Temple I. North Acropolis to left. .. TIKAL - View of Temple I from rear zs SITE: (STRUCTURE 5D-2) TEMPLE II Temple II. the 2nd of the Great Temples side of the west structure as Tikal is situated at the on The Plaza, and faces east toward Temple I. Great whole a and stepped 3/26/1974 DATE: TIKAL consists truncated of supplementary platform, four with pyramid basic three top of the pyramid, on 1) a terraces; 2) a weU back from components: main set outer edges; 3) a building platform, which rests directly supplementary platform; and 4) the temple proper. the on PYRAMID Pyramid consists of three main terraced bodies, on each side. The with for moldings the and top with differing profiles (see photos). stairway the largest stone monument at Tikal with high) together m SUPPLEMENTARY east 7.47 at m sloping plain the while two complex, apron-type At moldings 3.54 has bottom feature corners the on distance of a portion of the pyramid at portions setbacks with two stairway single stairway, which is The m. the east out to central projecting stepped back broad corners; height about 17.38 wide, projects m base. sides, inset creating Overall 10.33 the face foot the of the can be found (stela, of pyramid, which round altar. a (Platform PLATFORM top on supports building platform) Good-sized on wall sloping vertical recess BUILDING front and masks .33 of m 2.78 is m m platform which are which high, is with occurs a high overall, high, about .53 platform change of platform, .38 base which portion portion, walls of in end in m out projects front of temple above (see north elevation). PLATFORM platform, which divided into Front Rear this rear). and Faces large of horizontal recess, pyramid. beyond slightly This of top with portion portion, wide. m recessed a Rear with sloping sides, has above Front has above. 6.76 decorated stairway overall, high m side (front levels main two east on destroyed. mostly 2.27 of sides both now with platform stairway Projecting two portion, as support for temple proper, is also (front and back) which differ in height. serves sections which is 1.34 m high overall, has a recessed base portion, with simple, slightly sloping sides, The stairway on the east side, which is a is 1.42 m high overall. continuation of the stairway in front of the lower platform, is .38 m high. The rear divided into two parts by wide (see plan and a projecting details). section for masonry block about 2.28 m SITE: DATE: TIKAL (TEMPLE II) STRUCTURE 5D-2 DESCRIPTION GENERAL Great like (Temple one behind the counterpart Like other the on it I Temple The (see plan). with platform building a its and I) Plaza rooms, on much is II Temple 3/22/1974 of side east three has temple stands proper below platform supplementary the narrow earlier) and also like Temple I, is divided into two parts (front and rear) by a vertical groove in both sides, running The two sections differ in height, the full height of the building. (described and in seen as roofcomb rises face of the elaborat Temples at Tikal, a high, hollow The east portion of the building. decorated with a large mask, flanked by all the Great over the rear roofcomb was earplugs, and the facades upper front of the of section temple itself (east, north and south sides) were also decorated with mask forms, now mostly destroyed. Temple II is sometimes the the called roofcomb. or Temple The of the after Masks the temple dates from about the face great same time as on the Temple I, about A.D. 700. ORIENTATION Main facade faces east. EXTERIOR DETAILS BASE MOLDING stands base molding; temple proper building platform described earlier. No real LOWER directly on of top WALL ZONE Height: 3.02 m of top rear This dimension is of bottom 3.12 for m section. small, rectangular blocks, Stonework: Walls faced with fairly to platform building projecting wall, front section. even courses. Faces ThicJcness: Front wall 1.32 Decoration: None; lower are m set in moderately well-dressed. thick at doorjambs. walls are plain. DOORWAYS Shape: Rectangular. Jambs: Faced with small blocks, similar to those used for wail facings. Lintels: Plain wooden lintels rectangular beams, about .239 m (zapote wood) cut into thick. 31 MEDIAL MOLDING Some question molding. which encloses where is that medial molding mask forms. sculptured actually there is medial a slightly a normally This occurs. member is .328 high. m UPPER there indicate notes "frame" projecting whether to as My WALL ZONE Height: About 2.4 Stonework: (approx.) m Where plain, rectangular blocks similar Decoration: decorated Front and with mask Other: Upper wall overall. those to sides forms, of zone wall upper is of front faced with in lower seen section small walls. of wall upper mostly destroyed. now portion of building is plain. rear CORNICE As is the with case medial "frame" projecting the at believe I molding, real cornice molding although there there appears to of top the wall be was no slightly a which encloses decorated portion of wall. ROOF STRUCTURE Description: Large, high roofcomb. divided into sections vertically. chamber in lower See section data No portion. for two details chamber(s) on three or of sealed in upper portions. Location: Over rear Dimensions: No data Decoration: Front portion of building. recorded, but (east) side of section. see roofcomb sculptural forms, including large mask Sides and Central of roofcomb rear ARCHITECTURAL carried elaborate with lateral earplugs. plain. STYLE Peten style. COMMENTS Like its counterpart I), (Temple Alfred Temple Maudslay Maudslay's visited the photos matched are site investigations was some were of roofcomb. and study of carried The temple consobdated projects the carried out Pennsylvania (1956-66) found at the and foot of this building on chamber Plaza Great any it detail by B. Temple prior II Temple were its to course inside Tikal by of the the restored the pyramid stair. by Tozzer able to make of substructures its who also the called The latter the at who out lower during the in later (1911) and Shook et.al(1935). detailed of reported by those of Teobert Maler. who Further (1895 and 1904). only years side east first (1889-1902) superb excavation, the on II the were a great cleared archaeological University stela and My data of altar was recorded in March and consolidation of as 1974. following its complete excavation noted above. y\ SITE: 3/22/1974 DATE: TIKAL STRUCTURE 5D-2 (TEMPLE II) (Outer 1 INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM side) east room, DIMENSIONS Length: 4.82 Width: .91 m. m. WALLS Height: 3.10 m floor to springline. Thickness: Front Stonework: (east) wall 1.32 Walls thick at m with faced small, doorjarab. rectangular blocks Plain wooden moderately well-dressed. Doorways: Exterior Lintels above, .24 doorway .30 thick. m 2.25 m m wide. top of Untels to springline of vault. Rod Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms; None, but note is raised Other: Maler m that floor of above floor of this room behind (Room 2) room. Numerous graffiti on walls of this and other rooms. ((1911, figs. 8-11, 16) made drawings of many of these. VAULTS Springline Offset: About .075 m Height: 1.67 m springline to bottom of capstones. Form: Vault faces have straight sides. Stonework: Vault faced Capstones: Capstone Crossbeams: Three rows Other: Very narrow, with span about .22 m. of crossbeams. steep-sided vault. He SITE: TIKAL DATE: STRUCTURE 5D-2 3/22/1974 (TEMPLE II) INTERIOR DETAILS ROOM 2 Length: 4.95 Width: 0.95 m. m. Other: All details outer ROOM room of walls and vault similar to those seen in walls and vault similar to those seen in (Room 1). 3 Length: 3.53 Width: 0.94 m. m. Other: Ail details Room 1 of (Outer room). 41 X 0 5 0 ' 10 2 3 ^ METERS TIKAL, Guatemala Temple II G.F. Andrews, 1974 te C.F. Andrews. 1970 HZ TIKAL, Temple I and II. View looking southeast. <w TIKAL, Temple II before excavation of pyramidal substructure. K TIKAL, Great Plaza and Temple II ^ _ -_ / n J"- .. > . i yvl i iy. . _ L^ * >j 9 *f> ***** '7T* *<v v A 5" Z, V *. **? V IV- I. - ^' * ^1^1 '(-- ?V? ^/->. Kit- /.ft. * %.' fl%*! I' II >1 ** !** -,i.S- &: ^*. j mu. -. '. . y* iff-. X*? **# *t > ? ,.* -w;o .-w.^** * l **** . 5. *w*# ".V- * m -lM'<Wifl| V - '# * "^t.irjF/ 'i * <'.'*? 'A < * arir . ntPMt^ J.V I -e I % k r> . i ti^t.*-*** * **- *-""* vim-f(r ri-^r; >t- '.*< / a .5. I -- ** . ' . * -t * ' 1 r.N * # ^UfJ' ' ... vf I -T'r<(' P ' J - T ^ *' >. lit '*"*- a ^''MW*. rJJS^ TlltM>r~rW !>) M r ni -m i ?& Vifr r^ l ^t. - / - V*. ? - I ft I - . . '.- . ? r I J r 'J ** > "J 1 PL -J, ., m Ai| -v Iftl *y.-%*i#^^ T^* ^j?"." - - - . . vr - VjAy4l04rff .-a: r .. - .v Tt \- . > .-*. .^ - -i -- <, "a? 4T& n ra ?. . ^ rol w <* \ a* K>!to n-wr 5^**^i. ?c *" ** &&&&/, &u/a/t'&r?va/la/ - &&mfrl& 2 &jlrvdreto& {9&6 J TIKAL, Temple II. View from terrace of North Acropolis. m TIKAL, Temple II tfj TIKAL, Temole II. Graffiti SITE" DATE: TIKAL 3/27/1974 TEMPLE III Temple III Temple II. stepped pyramid, which in this been of III remains broad its does Temple 56 the the on have which II, supporting pyramid the 49 9 steps, discerned. with inset Maler probably correct. while Maudslay (1889-1902) this I, and be still can had pyramid about as and m sides stepped that width overall suggested stairway and I of high, a on ruined state, and only the vague outlines and stairway as corners, broad a the restored, partly its in beUeved (1911) Maler gave and excavated Temple has case south slightly stands Temples, it pyramids of Temples the Unbke side. east and west, m Great other the Like 300 about situated is is m dimension correct falls probably somewhere between. base At the both A.D. of the stairway A partly destroyed. now has 810, been text fragmentary on and Altar Stela 24 construction suggested by one date of 6 are found, 9.19.0.0.0, of interpretation or a Stela 24. BUILDING PLATFORM other Great Temples at Tikal, the temple proper rests on A stairway on the building platform, about 7.27 m high overall. east side. 7.38 m wide, gives access from the top of the pyramid Like the a to the temple sections ends and Unlike are on the building higher continues front these two the on at The above. the sections than of at differentiated into two sbght setback near the different profiles (see sections). means have platforms rear is platform side by the of a other the around the building at the Great front, same Temples, the platform which here height. r< SITE; DATE: TIKAL 3/27/1974 (TEMPLE III) STRUCTURE 5D3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The temple building and 8.84 roofcomb fallen. 90 all like it forms only somewhat larger than along its east front two has it part of upper is III Temple behind one rooms, Tikal at a which the the high very has now fact that in rather than a rectangle and the angle of about 94 degrees, rather than parallelogram, a forms This an distortion is also reflected in the south end which is wall roughly parallel with the canted south wall. Temple after the the is wide m Temples portion, the rear of the outer room, exterior has It Great III 15.22 unusual feature of corner degrees. of Temple measures the the over The most southeast proper and II deep overall. m but other, plan and I Temples III is also doorway known robed jaguar the inner to the as individual Temple of who appears the Jaguar on Priest the lintel over room. ORIENTATION Main facade faces east. EXTERIOR DETAILS BASE MOLDING base No molding; lower walls directly rest top of bottom of on projecting building platform. LOWER WALL ZONE Height: 3.54 m projecting wall. of top Stonework: Wall faced Thickness: Front building platform to with wall 1.73 Decoration: None; lower m thick at walls doorjambs. plain. are DOORWAYS Shape: Rectangular. Jambs: Faced used for Lintels: Wood 1 rectangular blocks, similar lintels, about 0.24 replaced with have been MEDIAL with small, to those waU facings. new m deep. Six original beams blocks. zapote MOLDING believe there notes indicate .30 high m above is at was that the no medial real there bottom sbghtly recessed. was of an the molding, horizontal upper wall although "frame" where my about portion UPPER WALL ZONE Height: About 3.34 bottom of m: projecting wall to upper top of roof. Stonework: plain, Where Decoration: of Remains (over doorway and Other: Upper wall wails upper rectangular blocks, similar those to three faced large with in lower seen masks in small. walls. facade east corners). at of zones portion rear plain. are CORNICE real No cornice molding, although horizontal "frame" at top of wail, ROOF STRUCTURE Description: Very high, hollow three sections vertically. Location: Over rear there have may been a bottom. at as roofcomb divided into two or East (front) face slopes back. portion of building. Dimensions: No data. Decoration: East face mostly now fallen: covered was of traces north and south sides well. as with elaborate additional sculptures, sculptural Rear is forms on plain. ARCHITECTURAL STYLE Central Peten style. COMMENTS In common with all III was VI), Temple Alfred Maler Maudslay but (1889-1902). (1911) provided a now and only the temple was cleared and fallen new over be the the huge trees pyramidal (as of 1981) The temple itself seen. of the at the site doorway east by Teobert description and other are photographs part as program later years since with can (Temple University (1956-66) were of when with replaced wooden lintels. It distortion none lintels year Temples photographed early today, recovered proper and detailed These consolidated Pennsylvania's 10 Great few A more photographs. valuable particularly the the described excellent substructure is of one first of deviation. is difficult of the other the could It builders, but therefore more it to suggest temple Great be seems more into Temples merely logical any proper an show error deliberate reason for parallelogram, a on than this the the since amount of of the part accidental, and difficult to understand. S3. SITE: 3/27/1974 DATE: TIKAL (TEMPLE III) STRUCTURE 5D-3 ROOM INTERIOR DETAILS: 1 (Outer room) DIMENSIONS Length: 6.65 Width: 1.62 m. Height: 3.96 m. m front, 6.90 m rear. WALLS floor to Thickness: Front Stonework: Walls faced Doorways: Exterior 3.12 rear; m (plain) .24 Rod springline. wall 1.73 m thick. with doorway top of floor to 3.83 wide m (front); bottom of bntels. 3.90 Wood m at lintels thick. m Sockets: No data. Cordholders; No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Step up perpendicular to to rear room .27 front and back m high. South end wall not wails. VAULTS Springline Offset: .075 m (approx.) Height: 2.57 m (approx.) springline Form: Vault faces Stonework: Vault faces slope of vault. set to Capstones: Capstone Crossbeams: to bottom of capstones. straight sides. with long faced rectangular have Three span rows about .16 of slabs m. crossbeams as in other Temples. Other: Projecting springline has rounded corners. OBSERVATIONS This room wider than front room of with Temples I and II. Great SITE: 3/27/1974 DATE: TIKAL STRUCTURE 5D-3 (TEMPLE III) INTERIOR DETAILS: 2 ROOM (Rear room)) DIMENSIONS Length: 3.35 Width: .69 m. m. WALLS Height: 3.68 m (approx.) floor to springline. Dividing wall to front room 2.21 Thickness: Stonework: Walls faced Doorways: Doorway thick. m with front to 2.17 room Carved wide. m wooden lintels above; 9 of 10 original wooden beams still place though defaced by looters (see details). Rod in Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Floor of this room .27 raised m above of outer this room floor room. VAULTS While similar much to narrower, those seen all in details of vault of Room OBSERVATIONS Very small, exceptionally narrow room. vault 1. over METERS TIKAL, Guatemala Temple III (Str. 5D-3) G.F. Andrews, 1979 rc SITE: (STRUCTURE 5C-4) Temple IV is western situated end of still awaits ruined and which platform, latter is upon serving The platform, measures east on the eastern 7 risen and east side of in the turn tiers, pyramid are a although base the Near supports pyramid of edge of the basal stepped consolidation. pyramid a in (and basal large The the at proper a side. well back from which is as supported the on Plaza, pyramid have the on altar. SUPPLEMENTARY This to excavation stairway its sits appears The causeway. platforms and temple) platform with a broad stairway platform, of the Great west m some Tozzer the upper Temple IV, 3/27/1974 DATE: TIKAL TEMPLE IV a of it the plain stela supplementary typical Tikal-type building platform, the the support for the temple proper. PLATFORM with about 2.74 numerous m offsets high overall. On and the changes front, it has in level, two main inward sloping bodies, each with a projecting molding at the top. A broad, projecting stairway on the east side, 11.56 m wide, with two slightly differing runs, gives access to the temple above (see plan and details). BUILDING PLATFORM The rises building platform, another 0.54 m which on the sloping sides, which project the temple proper. is 1.11 rear out m high section. about 0.23 m on the front It has plain, beyond the section. inward waUs of $1 SITE: DATE: TIKAL (STRUCTURE 5C-4) TEMPLE IV GENERAL DESCRIPTION IV Temple is overall. and elements raised of sides over rear was the the interior could of with carved in the and the time At possible cbmb to than higher rear, those of my earlier inside up doorway, which Temples faces east, wooden Tikal, deep m I III ; which lintels, Switzerland, been an roofcomb to Tikal chambers on magnificent view to the east. covered had unfortunately, having front, visits the a was in hollow high, huge roofcomb from where Basel, 12.67 Temples as wooden lintels but both of the interior doorways museum at Temples and by means of a vertical height of the building, all full be obtained of the other Great The outer Great front configuration the raised at portion. (1960, 1964) it the east differentiated running section its basic same portion rear vertical outset, the largest of across sections rear the at the wide m has It recess far by 29.62 measuring front 3/27/1974 with been are removed plain covered in the under the now orders of Dr. Gustave Bernoulli in 1877. ORIENTATION Main facade faces east. EXTERIOR DETAILS BASE MOLDING of Walls of temple No real base molding. building platform (see above). rest directly top on LOWER WALL ZONE Height: 3.09 projecting building wall 2.03 Decoration: None; lower Other: Recesses about 1.78 m to bottom of with small, rectangular blocks, Deeply tenoned into wall hearting. faced moderately well-dressed. Thickness: Front platform wall. Walls Stonework: of top m upper between m walls thick at doorjambs. are front plain. and rear sections of building wide. DOORWAYS Shape: Rectangular. Jambs: Faced with small blocks, similar to those used in wall facings. Lintels: Wood lintels (6 rectangular beams), about 0.21 m thick. SI MEDIAL MOLDING As noted UPPER there Temples, Great other for molding, as with sbght is real no medial wail projects out at bottom and then upper rises inward slope to top of roof. WALL ZONE Height: data; upper portion fallen. No Stonework: Where Decoration: Traces doorway, over between of wall faced masks large each small with in lower seen at one doorway and Other: Upper walls plain, blocks, similar to those rectangular walls. (5) facade. east on and corner, One centered other corners. shows slight inward slope from bottom to top. CORNICE No cornice ROOF molding present. STRUCTURE hollow Description: High, sections Location: Over roofcomb East side vertically. entire divided into two three or shows slight inward slope. portion of building. rear Dimensions: No data. Decoration: Very faint face of roofcomb ARCHITECTURAL of mask traces noted for as head or I III Temples . on east Rear is (main) plain. STYLE Central Peten (Tikal) style. COMMENTS Alfred called (1889-1902) Maudslay adequately describe Temple and in Maudslay turn more Temple Maudslay followed closely E. carved Bernoulli, who caused its provided first the was photograph followed was detailed lintels of both he heels removed, Teobert by descriptions which the on be to to person IV, Maler of and who and interiors exteriors, together with excellent photographs. Like and the other consolidated Temples, Temple IV was only) as part Great (temple proper work University of Pennsylvania's 66. They also beams and A. D. 72060. from obtained vault which which tends to give confirm hieroglyphic inscriptions on site dates radiocarbon beams the at a an the Untels of during from wood average reading cleared of now in the 1956Untel age of 9.15.10.0.0 Basel. SITE: DATE: TIKAL 3/27/1974 (TEMPLE IV) STRUCTURE 3C-4 ROOM INTERIOR DETAILS: 1 (Outer room) DIMENSIONS Length: 6.39 m. 1.21 Width: m. WALLS Height: 4.32 m springline. floor to wall 2.05 Thickness: Front Doorways: bottom Rod Exterior of lintels. m thick at doorjambs. 3.06 wide. with Stonework: Walls faced doorway Plain m wood Lintels, .21 m 3.55 m floor to thick. Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Step up to Room 2, rear wail, .40 m high VAULTS Springline Offset: About 0.075 m. Height: 2.46 m springline to bottom of capstones. Form: Vault faces have straight sides. Stonework: Vault faced Capstones: Capstone Crossbeams: Two Other: High, rows narrow with span about 0.20 m. of crossbeams. vault. OBSERVATIONS Tiny room, with walls (north and south) nearly 11.5 m thick. (*c SITE: DATE: TIKAL 3/27/1974 (TEMPLE IV) STRUCTURE 5C-4 INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM 2 (Middle room) DIMENSIONS Length: 4.58 Width: 1.18 Height: No m. m. WALLS data. Thickness: wall Dividing front to 2.33 room m thick at doorjambs. Stonework: all other Wails Doorways: Doorway carved wooden (1877). See Rod faced with small rectangular blocks, as in rooms. to lintels front 2.15 room above drawing, made from removed cast of m wide. many Original years ago original beams. Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Floor of this room raised 0.40 m above floor of outer in vault room. VAULTS Details of vault over outer over this room similar to those seen room. OBSERVATIONS Very floor high, to narrow room. bottom of capstones Maler as (1911) 6.90 gives total height, m. H SITE: DATE: TIKAL 3/27/1974 (TEMPLE IV) STRUCTURE 5C-4 3 ROOM INTERIOR DETAILS; (Rear room) DIMENSIONS Length: 4.29 m. Width: 0.68 Height: No data. m. WALLS Thickness: wall Dividing to middle 2.38 room m thick at doorjambs. Stonework: Same in other as Doorways: Doorway Original carved to wood now in Rod Sockets: No data. museum in middle lintels rooms. room 1.90 above m wide. removed in 3.29 1877 m high. and are Basel, Switzerland. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. Other: Floor adjacent this to room raised .52 m above floor of room. VAULTS Details of vault over front room over this room similar to those seen in vault (Room 1). OBSERVATIONS Extremely narrow, height, floor to high room. Maler bottom of capstones, as (1911) 6.85 m. gives overall TIKAL, Guatemala Temple IV (Str. 5C-4) G.F. Andrews, 1974 * TIKAL, Temple IV M Tikal, Guatemala - Lintel no 3. Temple Eff (after Maudslay) GS SITE: TEMPLE (STRUCTURE 5D-5) V Temple V ravine and is Tikal, has situated neither supporting the north side, with upon were although all at which at of the south. and ramps found terrace the on Central Unbke the pyramidal substructure temple good-sized platform platform, the to its large a separating excavated been altars on reservoir further structures at 3/28/1974 DATE: TIKAL the consolidated. south side other or the The of Great temple stepped This top. the temple the base other of platform supports proper the Great stands. stairway Temples No of do the a the Temples proper pyramid has a broad, projecting stairway on along the outer edges, giving access the the from Acropolis the to a building stelae or pyramid. include such monuments. BUILDING PLATFORM The rear which has plain, sloping sides and rounded height of about 1.25 m at the front, and the building platform, corners, rises portion the north to is a raised side gives another access to .70 the m. A projecting stairway doorway of the temple above. on G(* SITE: 3/28/1974 DATE: TIKAL STRUCTURE 5D-5 (Temple V) GENERAL DESCRIPTION V Temple (22.93 (temple wide, m While room. (front and than the It also front and Great well buildings V vertical of been have located. From view good Plaza, and North Acropolis in the small sections which a very of seen other sealed two doorway the Central on Great roofcomb high which single corners, is the on I-IV. Temples exterior within its masonry very main two seen not building, of one simple setback rather a detail a however, the into that but Tikal, exceptionally an in I-IV mass only recess rounded, at does, portion have side, accomplished by Temples are rear, rear chambers north from Temple the is huge a encloses differentiated characteristic other Temples. is exterior rear) this more differs several over the which deep) m is proper) building 7.90 on the Acropolis, be obtained. can ORIENTATION Main facade faces north. EXTERIOR DETAILS BASE MOLDINGG LOWER WALL ZONE Height: Stonework: small with faced Wails to medium-sized, rectangular blocks, moderately well-dressed. of Other: Corners 1.70 wall about Thickness: Front Decoration: None; lower wails building, are m thick at doorjambs. plain. front and rear, are rounded. DOORWAYS Shape: Rectangular. Jambs: Rectangular. Jambs.* Faced to those with used for medium-sized, rectangular blocks, similar wail facings. Lintels: Original wood Untels still in place. MEDIAL No MOLDING real projects occur medial out at and then molding. point slopes As where up in in Temples medial I-IV, upper molding would single plane. waU normally UPPER WALL Height: ZONE data. No Stonework: plain, Where blocks similar to those doorway, at portion each one others and (One facade: north on corners, over between; in plain.) is rear slopes inward from bottom wall Other: Upper at walls. in lower masks five of Decoration: Traces rectangular with faced walls upper seen to top. CORNICE No ROOF cornice molding. STRUCTURE Description: or more roofcomb hollow high, Very vertically. sections sbght inward slope. faces show sealed chambers other. Lower above is 5.77 interior in chamber m Location: Over divided three into North portion fallen. Tozzer (1911) describes two Upper only of roofcomb, 1.10 m one high above the while chamber with elaborate high. section of rear building. Dimensions: No data. sculptural forms, ARCHITECTURAL side North Decoration: of much now roofcomb covered destroyed. STYLE Central Peten (Tikal) style. COMMENTS Temple V was first photographed by Alfred Maudslay (1889As with 1902) although his report did not include a plan. the other Great Temples at Tikal, Maler (1911) submitted a Temple V and its pyramidal detailed description of more substructure, his and projecting stairway on clearly photograph the north side of shows the the broad pyramid (ibid, plate 6). As and see recently as 1981. Temple V had not been excavated mostly as a means of allowing visitors to Radiocarbon Great Temples as found in situ. consoUdated. one of the wooden dates from about A.D. 700. beams suggest a construction date of SITE: DATE: TIKAL TEMPLE V 3/28/1974 STRUCTURE 5D-5 INTERIOR DETAILS: 1 Room DIMENSIONS Length: 4.00 Width: .82 m. m. WALLS Height: 2.97 m (approx.) floor Thickness: Front wall 1.70 Stonework: Walls faced m with to springline. thick at doorjambs. small, rectangular blocks. Doorways: Exterior doorway 2.18 m wide, 2.28 m high. Wood Untels above. Rod Sockets: No data. Cordholders: No data. Wall Openings: None noted. Platforms: None. VAULTS Springline Offset: About 0.06 m. m (approx.) springline Height: 1.80 Form: Vault faces Stonework: Same bottom of capstones. to have straight sides. in other as Capstones: Capstone span temples. about 0.13 m. Crossbeams: No data. Other: OBSERVATIONS Very narrow, high room. CI TIKAL, Guatemala Temple V(Str. 5D-5) C.F. Andrews, 1971 lc TIKAL, View from North Acropolis showing Temple I, Central Acropolis, and Temple -J V SITE: 3/18/1978 DATE: TIKAL (STRUCTURE 6F-27) TEMPLE OF THE INSCRIPTIONS GENERAL DESCRIPTION Good sized with and two single front long proper remains of from also several facades 9.16.15.0.0 total and west overlooks round and inscriptions (140 exterior stands Building altars. carved doorways, pyramidal on west on large of with its name and roofcomb includes which side. plaza, Temple gets face on blocks) glyph deep overall 8.90m x three high overall, with stairway faces stelae hieroglyphic upper m long m with room, behind. room substructure, about 11 Temple (18.08 temple-type building rooms: date of (A.D. 766). ORIENTATION Main facade faces west. EXTERIOR DETAILS BASE MOLDING Form: Single member, apron-type molding. Size: Overall height .76 m at front 1.16 section, high, m rear section. Projection: .15 Other: m Molding at projection top. about inward slopes .17 from m bottom to top. LOWER WALL ZONE Height: 2.46 m; top of base to bottom of projecting upper wall. Wall faced with rectangular blocks, dressed, and deeply tailed into hearting. Thickness: Front wall 1.41 m thick at doorjambs. Stonework: moderately well and rear with medium-sized blocks, similar to those seen Decoration: None; lower walls are plain, both front sections. DOORWAYS Shape: Rectangular. Jambs: Faced in walls. Lintels: Wood bntels; these diameter, 6 total over each are round in section, 0.15 m in doorway. 1L MEDIAL MOLDING No .20 real molding; entire medial wall upper about out projects wall below. face of beyond m UPPER WALL ZONE high overall. Height: About 2.44 m Stonework: plain, Where similar to those Decoration: Panels of of Traces wall faced in lower seen mask hieroglyphic and south facades (see details). wall shows rectangular blocks, to doorway over incised Other: Upper with walls. inscriptions central room. east, north on sUght inward slope. very CORNICE No real cornice molding. wall Upper at from flush is rear top to bottom. ROOF STRUCTURE Description: vaulted face steps plain back from m in front rear base upper stucco with in two roughly interior. (three steps total) but portion of building, but 12.0 Outer wall is rear wall at back sets about rear. high overall, and about 5.25 m of roofcomb of central west on thick m portion of mask still in place side. in it glyph blocks each ARCHITECTURAL carried Panel north and on in elaborate of 96 glyph Panels (rear) face of roofcomb. east stones Projecting portion of roofcomb indicate that sculptures of unknown design. blocks incised 12 other base. Decoration: Remains at the from outer face of upper Dimenions.* About at roofcomb high above one bottom to top. Location: Over .75 thick, Very chambers, with south sides of roofcomb. STYLE style. Central Peten COMMENTS Temple made VI was his companions. published a monuments. consobdated reported by Antonio first way that Later Temple some and years Pennsylvania Project at same of description year, the Heinrich temple substructure later as Ortiz Tikal to Uaxactun from part and were of in 1951, with Berlin its who several (1951) associated cleared University and of Tikal. 11 from As noted above, Temple VI differs in the other major temples at Tikal doorways the Lintels rather some in over than of its the doorways its vertical setbacks recesses major temples. on which to have plain in human are seen it in but all are rear also unique, on as and logs, Temple the the lacks three one, I-V, and figures while differentiated from Finally, the inscriptions roofcomb of Temple VI appear found respects has round with addition, both ends, it usual the of with In inscriptions. portion of the temple is by simple beams carved are several that formed are rectangular which hieroglyphic facade instead main in the rear more front portion complex Temple V of the the rear the other of the temples walls. "14 SITE: 3/18/1978 DATE: TIKAL (STRUCTURE 6F-27) INSCRIPTIONS TEMPLE OF THE (Outer room) 1 Room INTERIOR DETAILS: DIMENSIONS 15.10 Length: 1.83 Width: m. m. WALLS springline. m; floor to Height: 2.60 wall 1.39 Thickness: Front thick at doorjambs. m with Stonework: Walls faced 1.50 Doorways: Lateral doorways, 1.99 Seven diameter. to total m with formed Lintels wide. m beams, 0.15 doorway, 0.51 each over doorway Central wide. round in m springline m top of lintels. Rod Sockets: No data. Cordholders: Pairs of all of sides destroyed and pins are low, both cordholders high and round These doorways. exterior three partly are missing. in wail Wall Openings: Small holes (floor drains) at floor line These are flush with to central doorway. sections adjacent top of base on exterior. Platforms: None. l)Three Other: to doorway graffiti red rear walls on handprints about room, but on 1.65 east wall, north of doorway. wall, both floor. above modern of sides 2) Many scribbles details of See originals. difficult to identify m with overlaid so it is back that graffiti on VAULTS Springline Offset: m, springUne Height: 1.32 to bottom Form: Vault faces have straight Stonework: Vault faced with of capstones. sides. about 0.20 m. Capstones: Capstone span crossbeams; of rows Two Crossbeams: other row 0.35 m to center below one springline, at capstones. OBSERVATIONS Outer five room major with three temples single doorway. at doorways is unusual Tikal (Temples I-IV) since all the have other only a SITE: 3/18/1978 DATE: TIKAL INSCRIPTIONS (STRUCTURE 6F-27) TEMPLE OF THE INTERIOR DETAILS: (Rear room) 2 Room DIMENSIONS Length: 4.03 Width: 1.24 in. m. WALLS m; floor Height: 2.32 to .17 Lintels Rod m are thick. m .33 room 1.95 bottom m m of lintels Wood wide. lintels springbne. to sections of logs, 11 in all. Sockets: No data. Cordholders: sides of to thick, round front to Doorways: Doorway 1.90 room with Stonework: Walls faced above springline. wall to front Thickness: Dividing center Wail of Remains doorway, 0.38 above floor, Openings: Small centered hole in m below m springbne. wall rear both low, holders 0.43 Lower jambs. holder 0.63 upper and high cordholders, from m just below springline. Platforms: None. Other: Floor of this raised room .40 m above floor of front room. VAULTS No offsets Springbne Offset: 0.075 m long walls. walls at springbne. Height: 1.52 m, springbne to bottom of capstones. Form: Vault faces have straight sides. Stonework: Vault faced near row of end with Capstones: Capstone span 0.20 Crossbeams: One in m. crossbeams at springbne, 2nd row midpoint (verticaby) of vault. Other: OBSERVATIONS Room 2 very small, originally longer as compared both ends to outer were rooms, partly filled but in was with secondary construction. 11* METERS TIKAL, Guatemala Temple of the Inscriptions G.F. Andrews, 1974 11 TIKAL. Guatemala Temple of the Inscriptions C.F. Andrews, 1974 H TIKAL, Temple of the Inscriptions. View of rear showing inscriptions on roofcomb. -n