Tikal, Guatemala: Architectural Survey of Great Temples

ARCHITECTURAL
TIKAL,
THE
SURVEY
GUATEMALA
GREAT
George F.
University
TEMPLES
AnoVews
of
Oregon
Eugene, Oregon
SITE:
TIKAL
BACKGROUND: The first official expedition to the ruins of Tikal
1848
Modesto Mendez and Ambrosio
by
and Lara made somewhat fanciful
They
some
in
followed
were
1877
Alfred
site
buildings
Tozzer
and
Merwin
site
a
architectural data
was
in
earnest
1881
excellent
and
sent
to
1882
by
photographs
of
and
followed by Teobert Maler, who visited
Maler spent three months in all at Tikal and his
and
plans, sections, photographs,
spent
supplied by
at
site
the
(1951),
Edwin Shook
their
and
architectural
additional
as
of
descriptions
A few years later Alfred
(Maler, 1911).
month
a
well
as
map
was
monuments.
sculptured
I and IV and
Temples
begun in
was
Maudslay
numerous
R.E.
and
included
of Tikal
1895 and 1904.
in
includes
artist,
temples
Basel, Switzerland.
provided measured plans
(1889-1902).
I-V
Temples
record
who
Maudslay,
the main
of several stelae and carved lintels.
of the carved wooden lintels removed from
The architectural record
an
by Dr. Gustav Bernoulli, who succeded in having
the Museum fur Volkerkunde in
the
drawings
made in
was
accompanied by
were
provided brief descriptions of
Mendez and Tut
Eusebio Lara.
Tut, who
(1911)
report
Further
data.
who visited the site
in
1937 and 1942.
In 1956, with Shook
initiated
an
11
as
the first Field
Director, the University of Pennsylvania
year program of excavations
and
cooperation with the government of Guatemala
Anthropology
and
participated
in this
History
be made of the work of
Coe
at
Stanley
(1990) who focussed
at Tikal.
Following
of
the
a
Loten
(1970),
long
of
the
Peter Harrison
University
of
Tikal
individuals
special mention
but
considerable amount of attention
completion of
at
the
National
Guatemala with
Miguel Orrego
connection with
numerous
(Orrego
and
two decades
and
Larios, 1983).
at
the
of
Rudy Larios
architecturally
as
on
who
should
(1970) and William
on
the architecture
Pennsylvania's
Anthropology
oriented
I visited Tikal
between 1960 and 1981
architectural remains
these
Institute
in
Institute of
program
Tikal, further excavation and restoration projects have been carried
archaeologists from
11
is indeed very
the National
list
The
Guatemala.
undertaking
investigations
and
out
by
History of
and
principal investigators
in
projects, including Group
5E-
several occasions
the
for the purpose of
studying
during
the
exposed
site, and the report which follows is based
on
investigations.
3
SITUATION:
of Tikal
ruins
The
about
Until
departmental capital.
modern
in
located
are
Department of Peten, Guatemala,
43
the
the
part of the
northeastern
by air from Flores,
kilometers
present paved road
site
the
to
the
was
constructed, the ruins could only be reached by air from Santa Elena (near
Flores) but the airstrip
closed
was
following
raid
a
and
fire
1980.
in
The
about 19 kilometers to
major archaeological site is Uaxactun, which is
closest
the north.
TOPOGRAPHY:
The
series of seasonal
some
distance.
ancient
SUPPLY:
the
higher ground
found
are
the
bajos
Because
of
ancient inhabitants of Tikal
supplemented by
plaster
artificial
to make them
reservoirs
actually
site
situated in the midst of
is
on
used for
was
of
series
a
a
but
never
the
lack
of permanent
rely
on
served as the main
ruins, these
water-storage type which
are
of the
are
so common
or
lakes, the
natural
lined with
were
aguadas
was
While
of water.
source
and
streams
aguadas,
Since the number of
watertight.
higher portions of
and
bajos themselves.
in the
forced to
were
purposes and all
building
ridges
deep reservoirs, which
have been found among the
the
of the
portion
bajos and the bajos continue outward in all directions for
Only
structures
ground surrounding
WATER
central
ponds,
stone
and
limited,
some
the
chultuns
rather than
dry-storage type
in the Puuc and Chenes
regions
to
the north.
1981, five different maps of Tikal had been made, which vary
of
MAPS:
As
widely
in terms of their extent and accuracy.
Alfred
Maudslay (1889-1902)
Maler made
in the main center.
in 1904 but this
to the site
was
made in
kilometers.
seven
In the
and
was
a
1950's
by
portion of
crews
and this still
as
new
east-west
and
from the
serves
data is
the site
as
total
a
Tozzer and
map of the main center (1911) which served
The central
few of the
during
actually published until
separate sheets, covering
meantime, Alfred
a
extensive map
more
not
The earliest map
limited to
was
as
area
north-south
Maler's map
square
a
partial
the map of Tikal for many years.
was
mapped in the late
and
Hazard, 1961)
Tikal, with amendations and additions
The most recent maps
transepts
by
his second visit
1971.
of about
University of Pennsylvania (Carr
forthcoming.
made
structures
Raymond Merwin made
(16 square kilometers)
the base map of
was
larger
running
to
are
the
those
Tikal
produced by the
Park
boundaries
4
These maps
(Puleston, 1983).
to
attempted
plans of many of
SIZE:
the satellite sites
The
map.
locations of
limits
of
the
long earthworks,
study also
covers
an
to the 16 square kilometers
opposed
as
This
larger
which
are
area
shows site
Tikal.
surrounding
(1983) Greater Tikal
to Puleston
According
square kilometers
Hazard
part of the settlement survey of Tikal, which
are
define the limits of Greater Tikal.
area
shown
determined
are
of about 120
the Carr-
on
in
part by the
assumed to mark the limits of the site
to the north and southwest while the other site limits were determined
on
the basis of
about
112
kilometer
per
dropoff of visible
It
attempt
definite
is not
i
of the structures
possible within
of
analysis
in the
central
the basis of natural
was
of the site.
More
divided
three
purposes.
the basis of
elevation,
bind the
whole.
At
smaller
as
and
This leads to
well
only
a
organization
main
the
higher
concentric
"scattered"
epicenter
epicenter
groupings favored by
were
areas
sited
of land
on
were
effect, particularly
in
is determined both
on
the locations of the several
within the
earlier
into
great causeways
a
the ancient
cohesive
more
are
organized
Maya throughout
area.
COMMENTS:
version
as
an
Tikal, and Peripheral Tikal.
scales, individual complexes of structukres
into the familiar rectalinear
the lowland
square
recently, Puleston
and other structures
buildings
structures
larger
into
Central
the two outer zones, but the order within the
which
per
In
Tikal.
basic aspects of the
some
portion
ground elevations,
plan of
civic
Epicenter Tikal,
Within all three of these zones,
building
39
and
confines of the present report to
the
the
I discussed
suggested that Greater Tikal
subzones which he called
used for
Tikal
V2
publication (Andrews, 1975)
has
Greater
mostly
works out to
density
the site limits.
CTVIC PLAN
any
within
kilometer,
square
beyond
Structure
structures.
It should be
of what
can
be
recognized
gleaned
Reports which have been issued
that all of the above is
from
to date
a
careful
(1991),
as
study of
well
as
a
the
the
very condensed
official Tikal
myriad of thesis,
reports and journal articles which have been produced by various members of
the multi-national group of
interested in
pursuing
professionals
any of the lines of
consult! several of these
primary
who have worked at Tikal.
inquiry
outlined above is
Anyone
urged
to
sources.
s
ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY AT TIKAL
In
the
at
lowland
specialists
program of
initiated
I
March of 1974,
buildings
Tikal, Guatemala,
Maya
as
area
from the
a
part of
whole.
of
University
that
survey of
general architectural
time
Pennsylvania
and other
archaeologists
11
completed their
had
(1956-1966) but further work
the National Institute of
auspices of
in progress under the
a more
By
at the site
investigations
architectural survey of selected
preliminary
a
as
year
already
was
Anthropology
and
History of Guatemala.
At the
outset, I realized that there
survey of all the
with
still
it
but
photographs,
been excavated and
partly
way for
worthwhile
restored.
Included
comprehensive
a
Tikal, other than
record
to
representative buildings
amount
some
had
which
With this in mind, I restricted
building types; pyramid-temples,
palace-type) buildings.
to make
me
at a site the size of
seemed
detailed architectural data from
two basic
was no
standing architecture
were
and
Temples
of
recently
myself
to
range-type (commonly called
I-VI,
plus
5D-65
Structures
(Maler's Palace), 5D-91 (south building, Group of 7 Temples), Structure 5C-13
(Bat Palace), and Structure
that time was, and still
basis for
5E-58
is, that
(Palace of the Vertical Grooves). My feeling
a
record of this kind would
be
I also
regions.
much
recognized
ultimately
the
of excavations and restorations carried out
course
archaeologists
it has
from either the
turned out,
INAH, Guatemala
are
Structure 5E-58 has
the
superceded by
above,
publication
April,
of the
the
the
far been
same
or
preliminary
buildings
during
buildings by
INAH, Guatemala.
and
Pennsylvania reports,
well behind schedule and of the
so
on
University of Pennsylvania
I
those
of
recorded, only
reported elsewhere (Orrego and Larios, 1983).
report that follows should be considered
preliminary, pending publication
George
more
that my
detailed data obtained
data would
Given
at
useful
a
comparing basic architectural forms and details of typical buildings
at Tikal with those from other
As
provide
of
more
as
strictly
detailed data by others.
F. Andrews
1991
Cs
LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
Platforms with one, two
BUILDING PLATFORMS:
In
levels.
these
plan,
of multi -level
platforms
platforms slope inward,
apron-type forms with inset
STATRWAYS:
some
follow
three bodies and two
or
plan of building proper.
and
profiles
vary from
or more
Stepped
simple
sides
complex
to
corners.
Projecting stairways
have ramps at outer
EXTERIOR
-
on
platforms normally
edges.
on
front side
and
only,
normally formed with good
Risers and treads
sized, well-cut blocks.
BASE MOLDINGS:
plain
faces
individual
slight
Lower walls
inset
or
Structure
moldings,
where distinct from
inward
building platforms,
varies
Height
slope.
considerably
show
(see
buildings).
LOWER WALLS:
applied
Base
with
more
decoration.
5E-58 where wall
or
One
less
and most
vertical,
to
major exception
surfaces show
plain,
are
this
is
rule
with
seen
no
on
paneled effect, created by vertical
grooves.
DOORWAYS:
Doorways in exterior walls,
simple, rectangular forms.
which
are
still in
WALL OPENINGS:
walls.
All
which vary
in
considerably
width, have
doorways spanned with wooden lintels, many of
place.
Numerous
Occasional
examples
small, vent-type and drain-type holes in exterior
of
larger "windows",
such
as
those in
rear
walls of
Bat Palace.
moldings difficult
to discern since
MEDIAL MOLDINGS:
Medial
shallow
in reference to walls above.
projections
moldings
above.
have
Where still
plain, slightly sloping faces, roughly parallel
Heights vary
UPPER WALL ZONES:
they
in
to
have very
place, medial
slope of walls
from .20 meters to .50 meters.
Upper walls generally
show
slight
inward
slope,
and main
1
facades
rear
generally
CORNICE:
inward
Most cornice
on
plain
All Great
over
range-type buildings.
vertically by
occasionally
offsets
sides
or
and
fallen but
simple,
moldings.
portions.
temple-type buildings carried
Occasional
examples of roofcombs
Roofcombs divided into two, three,
projecting moldings
rear
show
remaining examples
and many other
rear
Side and
decorated.
to medial
Temples
hollow roofcombs
or
moldings
sloping forms, similar
ROOFCOMBS:
high,
form of stone and stucco decoration.
some
carry
facades may be either
at
sides
and
wall, also carried elaborate
or
more
sections
rear.
Fronts, and
stone
and
stucco
sculptural forms.
I
LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
INTERIOR
-
LOWER WALL ZONE
RAISED FLOORS:
single
Floors of
rear
Raised floors also
rooms.
generally raised
rooms
in
seen
between
doorways
above
floors of outer
part of
and within
rooms
a
room.
BENCHES:
Benches
examples
of
Harrison
(1970)
Acropolis,
benches
same
in
types
are
temple-type
found
are
different
13
noted
and these
found
not
are
masonry
in
bench
buildings
types
found in range
in
but
numerous
Peter
buildings.
range-type
of
buildings
Central
buildings throughout
the
site.
INTERIOR STAIRWAYS:
I have seen is
Interior
stairways
in Room 8 of Structure
extremely
are
rare
and
only example
5E-58, Group 5E-11.
DOORWAYS:
Interior
have
lintels, including multi-beam examples carved in shallow relief
wooden
doorways
(see decorative features).
vaulted at
more
varied
Other interior
than
exterior
doorways have
doorways
stone lintels
Numerous
One
type buildings.
examples of wall niches of
variety
has
simple, rectangular
two basic kinds
Some
"windows".
For
VENT HOLES:
(just
rooms.
examples
examples,
Numerous
springlines)
DRAIN BOLES:
of
are
Small
of
see
large openings
exteriofr walls
outer face.
in
form
examples of small, almost square holes in lower
which
of
Bat Palace and Maler's Palace.
seem
walls
to have served for ventilation purposes.
holes, sijmilar in size
These appear to have served
(after scrubbing?).
in
in range-
form with wood lintels at
top while second variety has horizontal wooden member centered in
below
or
top.
WALL NICHES:
WINDOWS:
some
-as
as
to vent
a
way of
holes, found
draining
at
floor level
water from rooms
Some
beams.
are
single,
in walls which carried imbedded wooden
holes
Small, sub-spring
BEAM HOLES:
while others
in
are
pairs
sides of
opposite
on
rooms.
Many of these beam holes associated with benches.
Sometimes called tie holes
CORDHOLDERS:
in walls with
holes
and
of
made
were
inserts
ceramic
pins imbedded
stone, wood,
at
in inner walls
sometimes found in other
ROD
SOCKETS:
found
as
Shallow,
they
in
hemispherical depressions
devices
are
doorways, but
are
These
doorjambs
which
are
assumed to have been used
are
rods, which could be bent and ends slipped into
While these devices
are
almost universal in
buildings
in Puuc
region,
at Tikal.
none-typical
are
have
examples
These
to exterior
round
are
generally vertical
locations, including doorjambs.
sockets for ends of wooden
sockets.
adjacent
above floor and below lintels.
just
Pins
(and latest)
Best
bone.
or
curtain holders, these
edge for protective purposes.
outer
universally found
almost
or
back of hole.
near
VAULTS
SPRINGLINE
corners
Offsets
OFFSETS:
generally
in
walls
long
(.037-. 07
shallow
are
Offsets in end walls
rounded.
m.)
extremely shallow,
are
or
and
non
existent.
VAULT SHAPES:
Faces of most vaults
stepped vaults.
Vaults with carved
are
not
slope,
though
CROSSBEAMS:
of which
pairs
were
there is
decorated
faces,
offset at
Niches,
MOLDD#GS:
No known
or
as
with occasional
with
or
three
capstones, although
are
stone
regions,
some
inward
of wooden crossbeams,
most are
openings extremely
examples of
these
rows
spool-like moldings.
other wall
examples of
in Puuc and other
seen
springline.
(side by side) though
OPENINGS:
below
no
Most vaults show two
of crossbeams
straight,
In many cases, end walls of vaults show
found at Tikal.
even
are
or
common
stucco
Occasional
some
examples of
single.
rare
in faces of vaults.
moldings
in many northern
at
springline
or
regions.
to
CAPSTONES:
Capstone spans vary from .15
to .30 meters.
ROOFCOMBS
INTERIOR CHAMBERS:
temples
like
as
rooms
Huge roofcombs
well, had sealed,
in
buildings,
as
on
Great
Temples,
vaulted chambers within.
some
and
probably
These spaces
had wooden crossbeams
were
other
much
in vaults.
'I
LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL
DECORATIVE FEATURES
PLATFORMS:
BUILDING
moldings)
can
of
be
far
as
masks
large
as
to
adjacent
BASE MOLDINGS:
are
lower walls with
there
"grooved"
plain
exception
which shows traces
or
plain.
are
temples
range-type buildings
and
such
exceptions,
some
are
panels
but these are
are
5E-58
Structure
as
examples of
Occasional
sculptural forms.
carry
decorated inset
or
than
stairway.
Lower walls of both
generally plain, though
One
concerned.
are
building platform of Temple II,
present, base moldings
Where
LOWER WAIi ZONES:
where walls
sculptures
(other
undecorated
platforms
building
stone and stucco
east side of
on
seen
Most
EXTERIOR
-
exceptions rather
than the rule.
DOORWAYS:
examples
Jambs
MEDIAL MOLDING:
doorways
buildings,
range-type
sculptural
examples
central
forms
such
inscriptions,
as
seen
CORNICE MOLDINGS:
present,
zones
on
ROOFCOMBS:
Facades
stone
forms,
and
Temple of
Little
of
Seven
are
No
plain.
known
Any decoration
plain.
of main facades of both
the
including
as
end
masks
walls
must
at
unusual motif
the
temples
well,
as
seen
in
or
and
carried
Occasional
corners.
Temples (Structure 50-96)
rear
wall of
hieroglyphic
Inscriptions (Temple VI).
most
data,
as
these
moldings
roofcombs,
stucco
are
cases
many
masks,
as
surviving examples indicate
other
in
doorways
has survived.
of other decorative forms, such
temple of Group of
elaborate
none
Upper wall
and
exterior
with carved wooden lintels.
where
Moldings,
have been in stucco, of which
UPPER WALL ZONES:
of
lintels
and
of exterior
cornice
were
moldings
have
fallen,
but
plain.
particularly
sculptures featuring
including hieroglyphic inscriptions.
the
main
human
Sides
facades,
carried
figures, masks,
of
many
and
roofcombs
IL
carried
evidence
similar
that
sculptures
much
of
this
but
rear
sculpture
facades
was
were
generally
painted, though
plain.
little
paint
Some
has
survived.
'3
LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL
DECORATIVE FEATURES
Sculptured wooden lintels have
SCULPTURED LLNTELS:
interior
and there is
now
no
unknown
are
graffiti,
extremely
have
been
rare
SCULPTURES:
exceedingly
buildings
were
at
or
Tikal.
I
none
saw
While not
a
a
some
found
are
on
in
Red hand
is
(symbolic?)
too
Most
are
or
buildings
I and
and other
kind
any
as
are
found
on
some
the
and
to
consider
are
vaults) of
I examined and none
graffiti
have been
plastered
floors,
reported
surfaces of walls,
benches,
and
vaults.
appear to have had none.
buildings
prints (positives)
or
Tikal, including both temple
at
of
stucco,
or
(walls
(1970).
numerous
buildings
stone
interiors
Loten
plastered surfaces
limited, however,
negative prints (outlined
these
as
in
The number of
typical
decorative
forms.
PAINTED CAPSTONES:
be^fen
carved
classified
of
red) have been found in both temple and range-type buildings.
examples
had
Temples
Bonampak
paintings
either
the
on
any of the
Distribution is uneven, however, and
HAND PRINTS:
but
in
executed
number of
range-thype buildings.
other
vault surfaces.
universal trait,
large
in
seen
the kind found at
numbers
(perhaps non-existant)
and recorded from
but
small
forms,
Sculptural
rare
in
still be
in
(some destroyed)
buildings actually
can
the
over
as
painted designs, mostly
reported by either Harrison (1970)
GRAFFITI:
and
found
either wall
on
Small
Tikal.
at
well
as
London, Basel and New York.
in
now
are
Polychrome murals, of
WALL PAINTINGS:
sites,
carved lintels
found
been
Temples,
how many
knowing
original
Other carved beams
Great
the
most of these have been removed
way of
A few of the
lintels.
of
several
Unfortunately,
structures.
III.
in
doorways
INTERIORS
-
To the best of my
reported from Late Classic
knowledge,
buildings
no
painted capstones
have
at Tikal.
m
LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
BUILDING
Platforms
PLATFORMS:
Facing
blocks much like those
walls.
Coursing
STAIRWAYS:
of
is
for
individual
rubble
and
cores
cut
in substructures and in
and little mortar is
fairly regular
Stairways employ
used
stones
have
seen
EXTERIOR
-
cut stone blocks and
risers.
required
of
and
building
between
normally, only
risers
Both
facings.
stone
facings
treads
joints.
course
one
coated
with
stucco.
BASE MOLDINGS:
base
Projecting
formed with
moldings
one
or
two courses of
cut stones.
LOWER
WALLS:
rectangular
in
Outer
northern
walls
Walls of
blocks.
and
regions
concrete-like
with
made
range-type buildings
average
4
feet
6
to
in
buildings.
Great
15
Temples
are
even
thicker, and
measure
large aggregate, mixed with
to
up
feet.
core
of the
they
are
walls.
building
well bound to
used in other
DOORWAYS:
core
Although facing
Jambs
of
MEDIAL MOLDINGS:
UPPER WALLS:
core
can
off,
as
directly
be called
Harrison
the
core
up into the
veneer-like,
do thin-veneer stones
regions.
doorways consistently faced with rectangular blocks,
Multi-beam wood lintels above, most of
facings.
which consist of round beams made of
depending
carried
stones
and do not tend to fall
similar to those used in wall
on
was
an
Core material
smaller stones and mortar.
building platform (or floor)
to
Walls of the
(1970) noted that in the later buildings of the Central Acropolis,
material from the
with
to those
thickness, compared
average wall thickness of 2 feet in Late Classic Puuc
consists of
faced
core,
thick, compared
are
Medial
height.
logwood
moldings formed
Lowest
course
or
with
one
fairly deeply
Basic construction similar to that
with cut stone
facing).
Construction
joint
zapote.
or
two courses of
tenoned into
seen
some
stones,
hearting.
in lower walls
(rubble
distance behind finished
face where structural
outer
facing
portion
CORNICE MOLDLNG:
medial
These
moldings.
moldings formed
Lowest
same
as
since
projection is very slight.
ROOFCOMBS:
used
Construction
in other parts of
chambers,
facings,
of vault
was
completed before
outer wall
added.
was
as a
as
way of
course
with
not
one
as
Roofcombs
reducing weight.
in lower and upper walls of
two courses of
as
in medial
in roofcombs
technology employed
building.
or
deep
are
stones,
moldings
similar to that
hollow, with sealed interior
Outer surfaces finished with cut stone
building
below.
IL
LATE CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE AT TIKAL
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
WALLS:
walls
Interior
employ
These walls also
walls.
covered with coats of
BENCHES:
Benches
These
secondary,
are
constructed; hard
kind of construction
same
thick (about the
fairly
INTERIOR
-
same as
as
in exteior
seen
exterior walls) and
were
plaster wrth-fnere4fin--one-4ayjv--
of
made
masonry, with
stone
floors and walls
as
to say
how much time
plaster surfaces.
finished
plastered before
were
benches
were
elapsed between plastering of floors
and walls and construction of benches.
DOORWAYS:
as
Some interior
exterior
over
doorways,
doorways
but others
covered with
Some very
have stone lintels (see data sheets for individual
VAULTS:
multi-beam, wooden lintels,
vaulted.
are
specialized
faces, measuring
as
about
portions
are
profile.
A few
cut
much
26
are more
stones.
as
inches
22
deep,
slab-like,
Facing
inches
and
large aggregate
stones
wide
and
most
doorways
buildings).
Vaults have concrete-like core, made with
faced with
narrow
are
and flat surfaces
have
15
and mortar,
beveled, rectangular
inches
high.
Tenoned
slightly wedge-shaped
top
and bottom
produce
in
a
true corbelled vault.
CROSSBEAMS:
deeply
Most vaults
imbedded into vault
have two
hearting.
or
three
All
are
rows
round in
of crossbeams, with ends
section, about
5-6 inches
in diameter.
CAPSTONES:
Capstones
inches
or
(plus
are
rectangular blocks,
minus) bottom of capstones
to
about
6-8
inches
thick.
20
top of roof.
n
TIKAL
The
THE GREAT TEMPLES
-
alike
popularity
monumental
these
are
monuments
the
tallest
The
m
from
high
platform supporting its pyramidal substructure to
roof comb, soars high above even the tallest trees
of its
of
the
whose
lintels,
architectural
built by any pre-Columbian culture.
Temple IV, which measures about 64.45
temples
and
design
sculptors'
ancient Maya
with
covered
were
execution
the
addition,
In
forest.
rain
surrounding
several
roofcombs,
towering
impressive
most
The
since
understand
to
their
with
professionals
outsiders.
to
the
of
the top
hard
Temples I VI,
as
and
ever
group,
the base
and
highest,
known
not
are
pyramid-temples,
the
among
of this
in
this
for
reasons
known
visitors
casual
became
first
they
since
ever
commonly
of
attention
the
attracted
Tikal,
at
Temples
Great
six
have
wooden
the
of
superb examples
are
of
doorways
sculptured
art.
All of these temples
(and other smaller, less well known
temples) through they differ in terms of size, number and layout
of
with
of
inset
the
pyramids
On
corners.
temple
single stairway
a
The
proper.
vertical
and
front
recess
rear,
by
of
means
leads
which
four
3)
zone;
wall
upper
setback
a
the
to
zones
divided into
differentiates
which
ends
building
low
into
are
either
with
moldings
a
front,
2) lower wall
plan, the temples
In
both
in
the
divided
base;
vertically; 1) projecting
and 4) roofcomb.
side.
pyramid is
on
common
a
pyramid
The stepped
apron-type
is
temple
follow
,
truncated
\
front
its
on
complex,
carry
zone;
sections,
stepped
top of this truncated
platform, also with
the
orientation,
a
on
single projecting stairway
a
sides
stands
Each
template.
and
features
decorative
rooms,
design
two
or
two
a
parts.
moldings and both lower and upper wall zones of the
portion are higher than those of the front portion, and the
further
rear
the
over
rise
portions,
roofcombs
invariably
In most cases, only the front sides
exaggerating their verticality.
base
The
rear
of the roofcombs
sides
and
front
wall
decorated, but the upper
were
of
front
the
sections
carried
of both
zones
and/or other
masks
sculptural forms.
The following
each
of
the
pages
Great
made by the author.
(elite
residences
preliminary,
?)
pending
from excavation and
of
general
other
As
I
the
the basic
together
is the
data
my
publication
restoration.
with
It
with
drawings
of
data
and
and
photos
range-type buildings
should
is offered
temples
for
data
architectural
with the
case
recorded,
comparison
regions.
contain
Temples
be
considered
obtained
by
mostly for
as
others
purposes
pyramid-temples
from
SITE:
TEMPLE
(Structure 5D-1)
I
(Pyramid)
SUBSTRUCTURE OF TEMPLE I
The
of
side
west
I
Temple
37.25
measures
few
risers
most
of
a
bottom;
ancient
The
stairway
stairway
nine
of
terraces
the
on
which
moldings
The
sides and
adjacent
projecting
carry
of
rear
part, they have
the
and
the
main
level
though
bones.
There
Temple
of
assume
that
an
substructure
structures
ruler,
were
as
accompanying
about A.D.
tomb
stairway
700,
a
built.
means
grave
It
of
goods.
the tomb must
a
but
to
the
was
then
Since
date
The
tomb.
the
Temple
tomb,
I
years
as
I
to
burial
and
of
its
by the latter
buried
has
the
in
reasonable
for the
over
of
fragments
Temple
covered
burial
rich
a
seems
used
time
some
floor
plaza.
carved
it
and
protecting
whose
this
to
leading
vaulted
buired
high,
contain
to
shells, and
constructed
prior
be
a
m
of the present
Palenque,
at
was
of
presence
found
was
to
appears
wide, and 3.95
pottery,
Inscriptions
important
The
(see plan).
pyramid, is about 29.5 m
exploratory tunnel driven north
the
m
level
the
no
was
the
has
which
apron-type
corners
top of
pyramid
an
revealed
long. 2.43
pearls,
jades,
of
complex
mass
walls,
collapsed,
partly
including
the
being constructed.
was
solid
below
m
the
by
most
stairway
6.08
was
the
pyramid show similar forms but for the
reconstructed (see photos).
retaining
m
at
reach
been
not
tomb, about 4.41
pyramid.
used
stairway,
the
at
to the projecting stairway differ in
The
moldings along the upper edge.
While the interior of the
of rubble
the
near
level to
to
visitors
by
feature
face,
the
preserved
still
pyramid, each
main
the
west
back
step
portions
profile and
of
used
now
wide
m
face of
west
are
its
including
8.46
is
"construction"
earlier
an
overall height, from plaza
total.
beyond the
m
this
Maya during the time the temple
setbacks
two
the
is
temple
upper
8.55
of
which
stairway,
supporting
pyramid
(north-south)
total
m
The
out
bottom, projects
truncated
stepped and
the
projecting stairway.
Only
3/29/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
been
ruler
dated
and
to
earlier.
Zo
SITE:
3/29/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
STRUCTURE 5D-1 TEMPLE I
of the Giant
(Temple
Jaguar)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Temple I, which
is
situated
is
temple
proper
levels,
with
side
east
stands
on
of
The
temple
with
high,
sides
11.87
measures
side).
It
proper
its
wide
m
divided
is
of
its
pyramid
The
with
side.
west
of
substructures
the
Jaguar,
Tikal.
at
is
As
the
Great
complex
carry
nine
apron-
corners.
rests
on
stairway
own
Plaza
Great
on
pyramidal
type moldings, with inset
Giant
Temple of the
the
stairway
the
Temples, the stepped
m
the
as
of
steepsided, stepped pyramid
a
broad
a
characteristic
known
also
the
on
a
overall (west
into
main
two
about
building platform,
the
on
The
side.
west
1.82
temple
side) and 7.51
sections
m deep
(north
(front and rear) by
of a vertical recess about 0.87 m deep, running the full
height of the temple from top of building platform to top of roof
means
of front
section.
doorway
on
high roofcomb
remains of
Its
the
a
three
narrow
side,
with
west
rises
the
over
The
by elaborate scroll-work.
derived from
rear
large, seated figure
a
motif
one
on
of
rooms
plain,
from
entered
be
can
wooden
lintels
a
above.
A
portion of the temple with the
the front (west) side flanked
on
name
its
is
Temple of the Giant Jaguar
carved lintels
an
over
interior
doorway.
ORIENTATION
Main facade faces
BUILDING
I
Temple
west.
PLATFORM
stands
on
the
west
from the
is
.38
1.81
m
m
m
side, about 5.52
top
the
of
m
wide, gives
set
.47
m
access
an
above the top of the
A
to the
The
pyramidal substructure.
high, has sloping sides, with
high,
12.63
platform, about
deep (east-west) overall.
building
a
(north-south) and 8.46
wide
m
stairway
on
temple
upper
platform, which
horizontal
recess,
about
pyramid (see section).
EXTERIOR DETAILS
BASE
MOLDING
No
base
on
rear
rear
molding
section,
sections.
on
front
beginning
section.
at
Details
vertical
below
recess
are
for
between
molding
front
and
Form:
very
Projecting, rectangular
slight inward slope.
face
Outer
molding.
shows
Size: Height 0.70 m.
Projection: 0.20 m at top.
LOWER
WALL ZONE
3.21
Height:
projecting
of
top
m;
building
front
wall,
upper
platform
section.
bottom
to
for
data
No
of
rear
section.
Stonework:
Walls
faced
with
small
of
courses
blocks,
moderately well-dressed.
Thickness: Front
wall 1.03
Decoration: None;
wall surfaces
thick at doorjambs.
m
plain.
are
DOORWAYS
Shape; Rectangular.
Jambs:
wall
Faced
Lintels:
0.18
MEDIAL
with
small
wood
lintels
similar
blocks,
those
to
for
used
facings.
m
Plain
in
the
form
Upper
wall
of
rectangulr beams,
thick.
MOLDING
No
real
medial
beyond face
molding.
of
wall
below
and
then
projects
0.22
out
upward
runs
with
m
no
break.
UPPER
WALL ZONE
Height: About 2.52
m.
Stonework: Where
similar
to
those
plain,
Decoration: Traces
corners; north
stone and
stucco
Other: Upper
plain.
show
of
and
blocks,
sides
masks
doorway and
over
of front
at
carried
section also
sculptures.
wall
Upper
small
with
walls.
grotesque
south
faced
wall
upper
in lower
seen
zone
wall
of
zones
rear
of
section
both
to
appears
and
front
have
rear
been
sections
slight inward slope.
CORNICE
Entire face
molding.
plane from top to bottom.
No cornice
ROOF
of
upper
wall
forms
single
STRUCTURE
Description:
sections.
within each
section.
Location: Over
rear
Dimensions: Overall
portion
at
Decoration:
seated
large high roofcomb made in two main
is hollow, with sealed, vaulted chambers
Very
Roofcomb
portion of building.
height about 14.7 m,
not
including fallen
top.
West
figure,
face
flanked
of
by
roofcomb
decorated
scroll-work
and
with
other
large
forms,
Z~L
with stucco and then
covered
stone
armatures,
painted.
STYLE
ARCHITECTURAL
Central
made with
forms
These
including serpents.
style.
Peten
COMMENTS
The
description of Temple
"scientific"
first
who
Maudslay (1889-1902)
wooden
been
lintels
removed
at
only
investigations
plan and section.
Temple
of
form.
My
although
before its
1
of
1895
the
from
of
the
of
my
restoration
Temple
additional
and
I
was
of
Temple
data
1904. and
excavated
of
(1956-66)
Tozzer
photographs
(1911) made
who
brought it
a
new
as
archaeological
to
its
March
photographs were made
had been completed.
as
early
were
in
from
restored
partly
Pennsylvania's
by
still
are
in
I
already
probably
recorded
Temple
carved
the
had
I
beams
and
and
of
visit,
carved
by Alfred
made
Most
A.
Maudslays
original
carefully
site
it
doorways
University
at
data
some
time
two
was
the
investigations
the
in
his
part
inner
(1911) added
Maler
place.
the
over
Bernoulli, and
called
present
of
as
1974,
1960,
Z3
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
I)
STRUCTURE 5D-1 (TEMPLE
1
INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM
3/29/1974
(Exterior
west
room,
side)
DIMENSIONS
Length: 6.57
Width:
.74
m.
m.
WALLS
Height: 3.32
floor to
m.:
Thickness: Front
Stonework:
springline.
wall 1.03
Walls
faced
thick at doorjambs.
m
with
small
blocks,
well-
moderately
dressed.
Doorways:
Exterior
Rod
2.20
doorway
(zapote) lintels above.
0.48
wide.
m
Plain
wooden
top of lintels to springline.
m
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders." None noted.
Wall
Openings:
0.38
m
Small,
below
holes
vent-type
but
springline,
I
in
not
am
front
sure
walls,
if
about
these
are
original.
Platforms: None.
Maler
(1911)
Step up to Room 2 is .34 m high.
reported both white and red hand prints above doorway to
Other:
Room
2,
as
well
graffiti showing
a
as
a
"dancing devil".
VAULTS
Springline Offset: .06-.07 m.
Height: 1.99 m: springline to bottom of capstones.
Form: Vault faces have straight sides.
Stonework: Vault faced
with
long rectangular slabs,
exposed faces
cut
Capstones: Capstone
span
Crossbeams:
rows
about
0.20
capstones. 1
Three
m
above
row
with
slope of vault.
to
near
about 0.20
springline.
center
m.
wooden
of
1
crossbeams;
row
0.20-.25
one
m
row
below
of vault.
OBSERVATIONS
Room
is
vault is
extremely
narrow
fairly high, given
by
normal
Maya
standards
and
span.
^
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
(TEMPLE I)
STRUCTURE 5D-1
INTERIOR
3/29/1974
ROOM
DETAILS;
2
(Middle room)
DIMENSIONS
Length: 4.71
Width:
.76
m.
m.
WALLS
Height: 2.51
m; top of floor to
bottom of lintel.
Thickness: Dividing
wall to front
Stonework: Same
in Room
as
Doorways: Doorway in
Carved
west
wood lintels above
room
(Room 1) 1.23
m
thick.
1.
wall
to
front
with 2 of 4
2.43
room
m
wide.
original beams still in
place.
Rod
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall Openings: None noted.
Platforms: None.
Other: Floor
of this
room
raised 0.34
m
above
floor of outer
room.
VAULTS
All details of vault similar to those
seen
in Room
1.
OBSERVATIONS
Very
small
room
with
only
3.58
sq.
m
of
floor
space,
exclusive of space between doorjambs.
zr
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
I)
STRUCTURE 5D-1 (TEMPLE
INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM
3/29/1974
(Rear room)
3
DIMENSIONS
Length: 5.28
Width:
.71
m.
M.
WALLS
Height: 3.09
m:
floor to
Thickness:
Dividing
wall about
1.78
wide.
in Rooms
as
in
Doorway
Wood
to
Room
2
is
1.46
m
thick.
Rear
thick.
m
Stonework: Same
Doorways:
springline.
wall
lintel
found
only one
figure in profile.
wall
with
5
0.58
and 2.
made
above,
of
1
dividing
carved
m
beams.
original
top of lintel
2
Room
to
5
to
1.92
is
Maler
beams
m
(1911)
human
with
springline.
Rod Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall Openings: None noted.
Platforms: None.
Other: Pit in
made
rear
Room
prior
floor,
to
wall.
A.D.
Floor
made
by Maya looters, led down
900.
Faint traces
of this
room
raised
of
drawings
0.26
m
to
in
above
grave
red
floor
on
of
2.
VAULTS
All details
of
vault similar
to
those
seen
in
vault
over
Room
1.
OBSERVATIONS
Very
narrow
dark
room.
zu
TIKAL, Guatemala
Temple I (Str. 5D-1)
G.F. Andrews, 1974
21
Tikal, Guatemala
Temple I (Structure SD-1)
C.F. Andrews, 1971
(Roofcomb after Coe, 1990)
^i>
TIKAL, Temple I and II
(Restored)
*?
Jo
TIKAL, Temple I
(restored)
*f
TIKAL, Temple I and Temple II
3Z
*-nV_,
TIKAL, Temple I (Structure 5D-1.
33
iaiifcrtTIKAL, Great Plaza and Temple I. North Acropolis
to left.
..
TIKAL
-
View of
Temple
I from
rear
zs
SITE:
(STRUCTURE 5D-2)
TEMPLE II
Temple II. the 2nd of the Great Temples
side of the
west
structure
as
Tikal is situated
at
the
on
The
Plaza, and faces east toward Temple I.
Great
whole
a
and
stepped
3/26/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
consists
truncated
of
supplementary platform,
four
with
pyramid
basic
three
top of the pyramid,
on
1)
a
terraces;
2)
a
weU back
from
components:
main
set
outer edges; 3) a building platform, which rests directly
supplementary platform; and 4) the temple proper.
the
on
PYRAMID
Pyramid consists of three main terraced bodies,
on
each
side.
The
with
for
moldings
the
and
top
with differing profiles (see photos).
stairway the largest stone monument at Tikal
with
high) together
m
SUPPLEMENTARY
east
7.47
at
m
sloping
plain
the
while
two
complex, apron-type
At
moldings
3.54
has
bottom
feature
corners
the
on
distance of
a
portion of the pyramid
at
portions
setbacks
with two
stairway
single stairway, which is
The
m.
the east
out to
central
projecting
stepped back
broad
corners;
height about 17.38
wide, projects
m
base.
sides,
inset
creating
Overall
10.33
the
face
foot
the
of
the
can
be found
(stela,
of
pyramid,
which
round altar.
a
(Platform
PLATFORM
top
on
supports building platform)
Good-sized
on
wall
sloping
vertical
recess
BUILDING
front
and
masks
.33
of
m
2.78
is
m
m
platform
which
are
which
high,
is
with
occurs
a
high overall,
high, about .53
platform
change
of
platform,
.38
base
which
portion
portion,
walls of
in end
in
m
out
projects
front
of
temple above (see north elevation).
PLATFORM
platform, which
divided into
Front
Rear
this
rear).
and
Faces
large
of
horizontal recess,
pyramid.
beyond
slightly
This
of
top
with
portion
portion,
wide.
m
recessed
a
Rear
with
sloping sides,
has
above
Front
has
above.
6.76
decorated
stairway
overall,
high
m
side
(front
levels
main
two
east
on
destroyed.
mostly
2.27
of
sides
both
now
with
platform
stairway
Projecting
two
portion,
as support for temple
proper, is also
(front and back) which differ in height.
serves
sections
which
is
1.34
m
high overall,
has
a
recessed
base
portion, with simple, slightly sloping sides,
The stairway on the east side, which is a
is 1.42 m high overall.
continuation of the stairway in front of the lower platform, is
.38
m
high.
The
rear
divided into two parts by
wide
(see plan and
a
projecting
details).
section for
masonry
block about 2.28
m
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
(TEMPLE II)
STRUCTURE 5D-2
DESCRIPTION
GENERAL
Great
like
(Temple
one
behind the
counterpart
Like
other
the
on
it
I
Temple
The
(see plan).
with
platform
building
a
its
and
I)
Plaza
rooms,
on
much
is
II
Temple
3/22/1974
of
side
east
three
has
temple
stands
proper
below
platform
supplementary
the
narrow
earlier) and also like Temple I, is divided into two
parts (front and rear) by a vertical groove in both sides, running
The two sections differ in height,
the full height of the building.
(described
and
in
seen
as
roofcomb
rises
face of the
elaborat
Temples at Tikal, a high, hollow
The east
portion of the building.
decorated with a large mask, flanked by
all
the
Great
over
the
rear
roofcomb
was
earplugs, and the
facades
upper
front
of the
of
section
temple itself (east, north and south sides) were also decorated
with mask forms, now mostly destroyed.
Temple II is sometimes
the
the
called
roofcomb.
or
Temple
The
of
the
after
Masks
the
temple dates from about the
face
great
same
time
as
on
the
Temple I,
about A.D. 700.
ORIENTATION
Main
facade faces east.
EXTERIOR DETAILS
BASE
MOLDING
stands
base molding; temple proper
building platform described earlier.
No
real
LOWER
directly
on
of
top
WALL ZONE
Height:
3.02
m
of
top
rear
This
dimension
is
of
bottom
3.12
for
m
section.
small, rectangular blocks,
Stonework: Walls faced with
fairly
to
platform
building
projecting wall, front section.
even
courses.
Faces
ThicJcness: Front wall 1.32
Decoration: None; lower
are
m
set
in
moderately well-dressed.
thick at doorjambs.
walls
are
plain.
DOORWAYS
Shape: Rectangular.
Jambs:
Faced
with
small
blocks,
similar
to
those
used
for
wail facings.
Lintels:
Plain
wooden
lintels
rectangular beams, about .239
m
(zapote
wood)
cut
into
thick.
31
MEDIAL
MOLDING
Some
question
molding.
which encloses
where
is
that
medial
molding
mask forms.
sculptured
actually
there
is
medial
a
slightly
a
normally
This
occurs.
member is
.328
high.
m
UPPER
there
indicate
notes
"frame"
projecting
whether
to
as
My
WALL
ZONE
Height: About 2.4
Stonework:
(approx.)
m
Where
plain,
rectangular blocks similar
Decoration:
decorated
Front
and
with mask
Other: Upper
wall
overall.
those
to
sides
forms,
of
zone
wall
upper
is
of front
faced
with
in lower
seen
section
small
walls.
of
wall
upper
mostly destroyed.
now
portion of building is plain.
rear
CORNICE
As
is
the
with
case
medial
"frame"
projecting
the
at
believe
I
molding,
real cornice molding although
there
there appears to
of
top
the
wall
be
was
no
slightly
a
which
encloses
decorated portion of wall.
ROOF
STRUCTURE
Description: Large, high roofcomb. divided into
sections
vertically.
chamber in
lower
See
section
data
No
portion.
for
two
details
chamber(s)
on
three
or
of
sealed
in
upper
portions.
Location: Over
rear
Dimensions: No data
Decoration:
Front
portion of building.
recorded, but
(east)
side
of
section.
see
roofcomb
sculptural forms, including large mask
Sides and
Central
of roofcomb
rear
ARCHITECTURAL
carried
elaborate
with lateral
earplugs.
plain.
STYLE
Peten
style.
COMMENTS
Like
its
counterpart
I),
(Temple
Alfred
Temple
Maudslay
Maudslay's
visited
the
photos
matched
are
site
investigations
was
some
were
of
roofcomb.
and
study
of
carried
The
temple
consobdated
projects
the
carried
out
Pennsylvania (1956-66)
found
at
the
and
foot
of
this
building
on
chamber
Plaza
Great
any
it
detail
by
B.
Temple
prior
II
Temple
were
its
to
course
inside
Tikal
by
of
the
the
restored the
pyramid
stair.
by
Tozzer
able to make
of
substructures
its
who also
the
called
The latter
the
at
who
out
lower
during
the
in
later
(1911) and Shook et.al(1935).
detailed
of
reported
by those of Teobert Maler. who
Further
(1895 and 1904).
only
years
side
east
first
(1889-1902)
superb
excavation,
the
on
II
the
were
a
great
cleared
archaeological
University
stela and
My
data
of
altar
was
recorded in
March
and consolidation
of
as
1974.
following
its
complete excavation
noted above.
y\
SITE:
3/22/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
STRUCTURE 5D-2
(TEMPLE II)
(Outer
1
INTERIOR DETAILS: ROOM
side)
east
room,
DIMENSIONS
Length: 4.82
Width:
.91
m.
m.
WALLS
Height: 3.10
m
floor to springline.
Thickness: Front
Stonework:
(east) wall 1.32
Walls
thick at
m
with
faced
small,
doorjarab.
rectangular
blocks
Plain
wooden
moderately well-dressed.
Doorways:
Exterior
Lintels above, .24
doorway
.30
thick.
m
2.25
m
m
wide.
top of Untels to
springline
of vault.
Rod
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall
Openings:
None
noted.
Platforms; None, but note
is raised
Other:
Maler
m
that floor of
above floor of this
room
behind
(Room 2)
room.
Numerous graffiti on walls of this and other rooms.
((1911, figs. 8-11, 16) made drawings of many of these.
VAULTS
Springline Offset: About .075 m
Height: 1.67 m springline to bottom of capstones.
Form: Vault faces have straight sides.
Stonework: Vault faced
Capstones: Capstone
Crossbeams: Three
rows
Other: Very narrow,
with
span
about .22
m.
of crossbeams.
steep-sided vault.
He
SITE:
TIKAL
DATE:
STRUCTURE 5D-2
3/22/1974
(TEMPLE II)
INTERIOR DETAILS
ROOM
2
Length: 4.95
Width:
0.95
m.
m.
Other: All details
outer
ROOM
room
of
walls
and
vault
similar to
those
seen
in
walls
and
vault
similar to
those
seen
in
(Room 1).
3
Length: 3.53
Width: 0.94
m.
m.
Other: Ail details
Room
1
of
(Outer room).
41
X
0
5
0
'
10
2
3
^
METERS
TIKAL, Guatemala
Temple
II
G.F. Andrews, 1974
te
C.F. Andrews. 1970
HZ
TIKAL, Temple I and II. View looking southeast.
<w
TIKAL, Temple II before excavation of pyramidal substructure.
K
TIKAL, Great Plaza and Temple II
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J
TIKAL, Temple II. View from
terrace of North
Acropolis.
m
TIKAL, Temple II
tfj
TIKAL, Temole II. Graffiti
SITE"
DATE:
TIKAL
3/27/1974
TEMPLE III
Temple
III
Temple
II.
stepped pyramid, which in this
been
of
III
remains
broad
its
does
Temple
56
the
the
on
have
which
II,
supporting
pyramid
the
49
9
steps,
discerned.
with
inset
Maler
probably correct.
while Maudslay
(1889-1902)
this
I, and
be
still
can
had
pyramid
about
as
and
m
sides
stepped
that
width
overall
suggested
stairway
and
I
of
high,
a
on
ruined state, and only the vague outlines
and
stairway
as
corners,
broad
a
the
restored,
partly
its
in
beUeved
(1911)
Maler
gave
and
excavated
Temple
has
case
south
slightly
stands
Temples, it
pyramids of Temples
the
Unbke
side.
east
and
west,
m
Great
other
the
Like
300
about
situated
is
is
m
dimension
correct
falls
probably
somewhere between.
base
At the
both
A.D.
of
the stairway
A
partly destroyed.
now
has
810,
been
text
fragmentary
on
and Altar
Stela 24
construction
suggested
by
one
date
of
6
are
found,
9.19.0.0.0,
of
interpretation
or
a
Stela 24.
BUILDING PLATFORM
other Great Temples at Tikal, the temple proper rests on
A stairway on the
building platform, about 7.27 m high overall.
east side. 7.38 m wide, gives access from the top of the pyramid
Like the
a
to
the
temple
sections
ends
and
Unlike
are
on
the
building
higher
continues
front
these two
the
on
at
The
above.
the
sections
than
of
at
differentiated
into
two
sbght setback near the
different profiles (see sections).
means
have
platforms
rear
is
platform
side by
the
of
a
other
the
around the building at the
Great
front,
same
Temples,
the
platform
which
here
height.
r<
SITE;
DATE:
TIKAL
3/27/1974
(TEMPLE III)
STRUCTURE 5D3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The
temple building
and
8.84
roofcomb
fallen.
90
all
like
it
forms
only
somewhat
larger than
along its east front
two
has
it
part of
upper
is
III
Temple
behind
one
rooms,
Tikal
at
a
which
the
the
high
very
has
now
fact that in
rather than a rectangle and the
angle of about 94 degrees, rather than
parallelogram,
a
forms
This
an
distortion is also reflected in the south end
which is
wall
roughly parallel with the canted south
wall.
Temple
after the
the
is
wide
m
Temples
portion, the
rear
of the outer room,
exterior
has
It
Great
III
15.22
unusual feature of
corner
degrees.
of Temple
measures
the
the
over
The most
southeast
proper
and
II
deep overall.
m
but
other,
plan
and
I
Temples
III is also
doorway
known
robed
jaguar
the inner
to
the
as
individual
Temple of
who
appears
the Jaguar
on
Priest
the lintel
over
room.
ORIENTATION
Main facade faces
east.
EXTERIOR DETAILS
BASE MOLDING
base
No
molding;
lower
walls
directly
rest
top
of
bottom
of
on
projecting building platform.
LOWER WALL ZONE
Height: 3.54 m
projecting wall.
of
top
Stonework: Wall faced
Thickness: Front
building
platform
to
with
wall 1.73
Decoration: None; lower
m
thick at
walls
doorjambs.
plain.
are
DOORWAYS
Shape: Rectangular.
Jambs: Faced
used for
Lintels: Wood
1
rectangular blocks, similar
lintels, about 0.24
replaced with
have been
MEDIAL
with small,
to
those
waU facings.
new
m
deep.
Six
original beams
blocks.
zapote
MOLDING
believe
there
notes
indicate
.30
high
m
above is
at
was
that
the
no
medial
real
there
bottom
sbghtly recessed.
was
of
an
the
molding,
horizontal
upper
wall
although
"frame"
where
my
about
portion
UPPER
WALL ZONE
Height: About 3.34
bottom of
m:
projecting
wall to
upper
top
of roof.
Stonework:
plain,
Where
Decoration:
of
Remains
(over doorway and
Other: Upper
wall
wails
upper
rectangular blocks, similar
those
to
three
faced
large
with
in lower
seen
masks
in
small.
walls.
facade
east
corners).
at
of
zones
portion
rear
plain.
are
CORNICE
real
No
cornice
molding,
although
horizontal "frame" at top of wail,
ROOF STRUCTURE
Description: Very high, hollow
three sections
vertically.
Location: Over
rear
there
have
may
been
a
bottom.
at
as
roofcomb
divided
into
two
or
East
(front) face slopes back.
portion of building.
Dimensions: No data.
Decoration: East face
mostly
now
fallen:
covered
was
of
traces
north and south sides
well.
as
with elaborate
additional
sculptures,
sculptural
Rear is
forms
on
plain.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Central
Peten
style.
COMMENTS
In
common
with
all
III
was
VI), Temple
Alfred
Maler
Maudslay
but
(1889-1902).
(1911) provided
a
now
and
only the temple
was
cleared
and
fallen
new
over
be
the
the
huge
trees
pyramidal
(as of 1981)
The
temple itself
seen.
of
the
at
the
site
doorway
east
by
Teobert
description and other
are
photographs
part
as
program
later
years
since
with
can
(Temple
University
(1956-66)
were
of
when
with
replaced
wooden lintels.
It
distortion
none
lintels
year
Temples
photographed
early
today,
recovered
proper
and
detailed
These
consolidated
Pennsylvania's 10
Great
few
A
more
photographs.
valuable
particularly
the
the
described
excellent
substructure is
of
one
first
of
deviation.
is
difficult
of
the
other
the
could
It
builders,
but
therefore
more
it
to
suggest
temple
Great
be
seems
more
into
Temples
merely
logical
any
proper
an
show
error
deliberate
reason
for
parallelogram,
a
on
than
this
the
the
since
amount
of
of
the
part
accidental,
and
difficult to understand.
S3.
SITE:
3/27/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
(TEMPLE III)
STRUCTURE 5D-3
ROOM
INTERIOR DETAILS:
1
(Outer room)
DIMENSIONS
Length:
6.65
Width:
1.62
m.
Height: 3.96
m.
m
front, 6.90
m
rear.
WALLS
floor to
Thickness: Front
Stonework: Walls faced
Doorways: Exterior
3.12
rear;
m
(plain) .24
Rod
springline.
wall 1.73
m
thick.
with
doorway
top of floor
to
3.83
wide
m
(front);
bottom of bntels.
3.90
Wood
m
at
lintels
thick.
m
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders; No data.
Wall Openings: None noted.
Platforms: None.
Other:
Step
up
perpendicular
to
to
rear
room
.27
front and back
m
high.
South end
wall not
wails.
VAULTS
Springline Offset: .075 m (approx.)
Height: 2.57 m (approx.) springline
Form: Vault faces
Stonework:
Vault
faces
slope of vault.
set
to
Capstones: Capstone
Crossbeams:
to
bottom of capstones.
straight sides.
with long
faced
rectangular
have
Three
span
rows
about .16
of
slabs
m.
crossbeams
as
in
other
Temples.
Other: Projecting
springline
has
rounded
corners.
OBSERVATIONS
This
room
wider than front
room
of
with
Temples
I and
II.
Great
SITE:
3/27/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
STRUCTURE 5D-3 (TEMPLE
III)
INTERIOR DETAILS:
2
ROOM
(Rear room))
DIMENSIONS
Length: 3.35
Width:
.69
m.
m.
WALLS
Height: 3.68
m
(approx.) floor to springline.
Dividing wall to front room 2.21
Thickness:
Stonework: Walls faced
Doorways:
Doorway
thick.
m
with
front
to
2.17
room
Carved
wide.
m
wooden lintels
above; 9 of 10 original wooden beams still
place though defaced by looters (see details).
Rod
in
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall Openings: None noted.
Platforms: None.
Other:
Floor
of this
room
.27
raised
m
above
of
outer
this
room
floor
room.
VAULTS
While
similar
much
to
narrower,
those
seen
all
in
details
of
vault of Room
OBSERVATIONS
Very small, exceptionally
narrow
room.
vault
1.
over
METERS
TIKAL, Guatemala
Temple
III (Str. 5D-3)
G.F. Andrews, 1979
rc
SITE:
(STRUCTURE 5C-4)
Temple IV is
western
situated
end
of
still
awaits
ruined
and
which
platform,
latter
is
upon
serving
The
platform,
measures
east
on
the eastern
7
risen
and
east
side
of
in
the
turn
tiers,
pyramid
are
a
although
base
the
Near
supports
pyramid of
edge of the basal
stepped
consolidation.
pyramid
a
in
(and
basal
large
The
the
at
proper
a
side.
well back from
which is
as
supported
the
on
Plaza,
pyramid
have
the
on
altar.
SUPPLEMENTARY
This
to
excavation
stairway
its
sits
appears
The
causeway.
platforms and temple)
platform with a broad stairway
platform,
of the Great
west
m
some
Tozzer
the
upper
Temple IV,
3/27/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
TEMPLE IV
a
of
it
the
plain stela
supplementary
typical Tikal-type building platform, the
the support for the
temple
proper.
PLATFORM
with
about 2.74
numerous
m
offsets
high overall.
On
and
the
changes
front, it has
in
level,
two
main
inward
sloping bodies, each with a projecting molding at the top.
A broad, projecting stairway on the east side, 11.56 m wide, with
two slightly differing runs, gives access to the temple above (see
plan and details).
BUILDING PLATFORM
The
rises
building platform,
another
0.54
m
which
on
the
sloping sides, which project
the temple proper.
is
1.11
rear
out
m
high
section.
about 0.23
m
on
the
front
It
has
plain,
beyond
the
section.
inward
waUs
of
$1
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
(STRUCTURE 5C-4)
TEMPLE IV
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
IV
Temple
is
overall.
and
elements
raised
of
sides
over
rear
was
the
the
interior
could
of
with
carved
in
the
and
the time
At
possible
cbmb
to
than
higher
rear,
those
of my earlier
inside
up
doorway, which
Temples
faces east,
wooden
Tikal,
deep
m
I III ;
which
lintels,
Switzerland,
been
an
roofcomb
to
Tikal
chambers
on
magnificent view
to the
east.
covered
had
unfortunately,
having
front,
visits
the
a
was
in
hollow
high,
huge roofcomb from where
Basel,
12.67
Temples
as
wooden lintels but both of the interior doorways
museum
at
Temples
and
by means of a vertical
height of the building, all
full
be obtained of the other Great
The outer
Great
front
configuration
the
raised
at
portion.
(1960, 1964) it
the
east
differentiated
running
section
its
basic
same
portion
rear
vertical
outset,
the
largest of
across
sections
rear
the
at
the
wide
m
has
It
recess
far
by
29.62
measuring
front
3/27/1974
with
been
are
removed
plain
covered
in
the
under
the
now
orders of Dr. Gustave Bernoulli in 1877.
ORIENTATION
Main
facade faces east.
EXTERIOR DETAILS
BASE MOLDING
of
Walls of temple
No real base molding.
building platform (see above).
rest
directly
top
on
LOWER WALL ZONE
Height:
3.09
projecting
building
wall 2.03
Decoration: None; lower
Other: Recesses
about 1.78
m
to
bottom
of
with
small,
rectangular
blocks,
Deeply tenoned into wall hearting.
faced
moderately well-dressed.
Thickness: Front
platform
wall.
Walls
Stonework:
of
top
m
upper
between
m
walls
thick at doorjambs.
are
front
plain.
and
rear
sections of
building
wide.
DOORWAYS
Shape: Rectangular.
Jambs: Faced
with small
blocks, similar
to
those
used in
wall
facings.
Lintels:
Wood
lintels
(6
rectangular
beams),
about
0.21
m
thick.
SI
MEDIAL
MOLDING
As
noted
UPPER
there
Temples,
Great
other
for
molding, as
with sbght
is
real
no
medial
wail projects out at bottom and then
upper
rises
inward slope to top of roof.
WALL ZONE
Height:
data; upper portion fallen.
No
Stonework:
Where
Decoration:
Traces
doorway,
over
between
of
wall
faced
masks
large
each
small
with
in lower
seen
at
one
doorway and
Other: Upper
walls
plain,
blocks, similar to those
rectangular
walls.
(5)
facade.
east
on
and
corner,
One
centered
other
corners.
shows
slight inward slope from
bottom
to
top.
CORNICE
No cornice
ROOF
molding present.
STRUCTURE
hollow
Description: High,
sections
Location: Over
roofcomb
East side
vertically.
entire
divided into
two
three
or
shows slight inward slope.
portion of building.
rear
Dimensions: No data.
Decoration:
Very faint
face of roofcomb
ARCHITECTURAL
of mask
traces
noted for
as
head
or
I III
Temples
.
on
east
Rear
is
(main)
plain.
STYLE
Central Peten (Tikal)
style.
COMMENTS
Alfred
called
(1889-1902)
Maudslay
adequately
describe
Temple
and
in
Maudslay
turn
more
Temple
Maudslay followed closely
E.
carved
Bernoulli, who caused its
provided
first
the
was
photograph
followed
was
detailed
lintels
of
both
he
heels
removed,
Teobert
by
descriptions
which
the
on
be
to
to
person
IV,
Maler
of
and
who
and
interiors
exteriors, together with excellent photographs.
Like
and
the
other
consolidated
Temples, Temple IV was
only) as
part
Great
(temple
proper
work
University of Pennsylvania's
66.
They also
beams
and
A. D. 72060.
from
obtained
vault
which
which
tends
to
give
confirm
hieroglyphic inscriptions
on
site
dates
radiocarbon
beams
the
at
a
an
the Untels
of
during
from
wood
average
reading
cleared
of
now
in
the
1956Untel
age
of
9.15.10.0.0
Basel.
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
3/27/1974
(TEMPLE IV)
STRUCTURE 3C-4
ROOM
INTERIOR DETAILS:
1
(Outer room)
DIMENSIONS
Length: 6.39
m.
1.21
Width:
m.
WALLS
Height: 4.32
m
springline.
floor to
wall 2.05
Thickness: Front
Doorways:
bottom
Rod
Exterior
of lintels.
m
thick at
doorjambs.
3.06
wide.
with
Stonework: Walls faced
doorway
Plain
m
wood Lintels, .21
m
3.55
m
floor
to
thick.
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall
Openings:
None
noted.
Platforms: None.
Other: Step
up
to
Room
2,
rear
wail, .40
m
high
VAULTS
Springline Offset: About 0.075 m.
Height: 2.46 m springline to bottom of capstones.
Form: Vault faces have straight sides.
Stonework: Vault faced
Capstones: Capstone
Crossbeams: Two
Other:
High,
rows
narrow
with
span
about 0.20
m.
of crossbeams.
vault.
OBSERVATIONS
Tiny
room,
with
walls
(north and south) nearly 11.5
m
thick.
(*c
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
3/27/1974
(TEMPLE IV)
STRUCTURE 5C-4
INTERIOR DETAILS:
ROOM
2
(Middle room)
DIMENSIONS
Length: 4.58
Width:
1.18
Height:
No
m.
m.
WALLS
data.
Thickness:
wall
Dividing
front
to
2.33
room
m
thick
at
doorjambs.
Stonework:
all other
Wails
Doorways:
Doorway
carved
wooden
(1877).
See
Rod
faced
with
small
rectangular blocks,
as
in
rooms.
to
lintels
front
2.15
room
above
drawing, made from
removed
cast of
m
wide.
many
Original
years
ago
original beams.
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall
Openings:
None
noted.
Platforms: None.
Other: Floor
of
this
room
raised 0.40
m
above
floor
of
outer
in
vault
room.
VAULTS
Details of vault
over
outer
over
this
room
similar to those
seen
room.
OBSERVATIONS
Very
floor
high,
to
narrow
room.
bottom of capstones
Maler
as
(1911)
6.90
gives
total
height,
m.
H
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
3/27/1974
(TEMPLE IV)
STRUCTURE 5C-4
3
ROOM
INTERIOR DETAILS;
(Rear room)
DIMENSIONS
Length: 4.29
m.
Width:
0.68
Height:
No data.
m.
WALLS
Thickness:
wall
Dividing
to
middle
2.38
room
m
thick
at
doorjambs.
Stonework: Same
in other
as
Doorways: Doorway
Original carved
to
wood
now
in
Rod
Sockets: No data.
museum
in
middle
lintels
rooms.
room
1.90
above
m
wide.
removed
in
3.29
1877
m
high.
and
are
Basel, Switzerland.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall Openings: None noted.
Platforms: None.
Other:
Floor
adjacent
this
to
room
raised
.52
m
above
floor
of
room.
VAULTS
Details of vault
over
front
room
over
this
room
similar to those
seen
in
vault
(Room 1).
OBSERVATIONS
Extremely
narrow,
height, floor
to
high
room.
Maler
bottom of capstones,
as
(1911)
6.85
m.
gives
overall
TIKAL, Guatemala
Temple IV (Str. 5C-4)
G.F. Andrews, 1974
*
TIKAL, Temple IV
M
Tikal,
Guatemala
-
Lintel
no
3.
Temple
Eff
(after Maudslay)
GS
SITE:
TEMPLE
(STRUCTURE 5D-5)
V
Temple
V
ravine
and
is
Tikal,
has
situated
neither
supporting
the
north side,
with
upon
were
although
all
at
which
at
of
the
south.
and
ramps
found
terrace
the
on
Central
Unbke
the
pyramidal substructure
temple
good-sized platform
platform,
the
to
its
large
a
separating
excavated
been
altars
on
reservoir
further
structures
at
3/28/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
the
consolidated.
south
side
other
or
the
The
of
Great
temple
stepped
This
top.
the
temple
the
base
other
of
platform supports
proper
the
Great
stands.
stairway
Temples
No
of
do
the
a
the
Temples
proper
pyramid
has a broad, projecting stairway on
along the outer edges, giving access
the
the
from
Acropolis
the
to
a
building
stelae
or
pyramid.
include
such
monuments.
BUILDING PLATFORM
The
rear
which has plain, sloping sides and rounded
height of about 1.25 m at the front, and the
building platform,
corners,
rises
portion
the north
to
is
a
raised
side gives
another
access
to
.70
the
m.
A projecting
stairway
doorway of the temple above.
on
G(*
SITE:
3/28/1974
DATE:
TIKAL
STRUCTURE 5D-5
(Temple V)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
V
Temple
(22.93
(temple
wide,
m
While
room.
(front and
than the
It
also
front
and
Great
well
buildings
V
vertical
of
been
have
located.
From
view
good
Plaza, and North Acropolis
in
the
small
sections
which
a
very
of
seen
other
sealed
two
doorway
the
Central
on
Great
roofcomb
high
which
single
corners,
is
the
on
I-IV.
Temples
exterior
within
its
masonry
very
main
two
seen
not
building,
of
one
simple setback rather
a
detail
a
however,
the
into
that
but
Tikal,
exceptionally
an
in
I-IV
mass
only
recess
rounded,
at
does,
portion
have
side,
accomplished by
Temples
are
rear,
rear
chambers
north
from
Temple
the
is
huge
a
encloses
differentiated
characteristic
other
Temples.
is
exterior
rear) this
more
differs
several
over
the
which
deep)
m
is
proper)
building
7.90
on
the
Acropolis,
be obtained.
can
ORIENTATION
Main facade faces
north.
EXTERIOR DETAILS
BASE
MOLDINGG
LOWER
WALL ZONE
Height:
Stonework:
small
with
faced
Wails
to
medium-sized,
rectangular blocks, moderately well-dressed.
of
Other: Corners
1.70
wall about
Thickness: Front
Decoration: None; lower
wails
building,
are
m
thick at
doorjambs.
plain.
front and
rear,
are
rounded.
DOORWAYS
Shape: Rectangular.
Jambs:
Rectangular.
Jambs.*
Faced
to
those
with
used for
medium-sized,
rectangular blocks, similar
wail facings.
Lintels: Original wood Untels still in place.
MEDIAL
No
MOLDING
real
projects
occur
medial
out
at
and then
molding.
point
slopes
As
where
up
in
in
Temples
medial
I-IV,
upper
molding would
single plane.
waU
normally
UPPER
WALL
Height:
ZONE
data.
No
Stonework:
plain,
Where
blocks similar to those
doorway,
at
portion
each
one
others
and
(One
facade:
north
on
corners,
over
between;
in
plain.)
is
rear
slopes inward from bottom
wall
Other: Upper
at
walls.
in lower
masks
five
of
Decoration: Traces
rectangular
with
faced
walls
upper
seen
to
top.
CORNICE
No
ROOF
cornice
molding.
STRUCTURE
Description:
or
more
roofcomb
hollow
high,
Very
vertically.
sections
sbght inward slope.
faces show
sealed
chambers
other.
Lower
above is
5.77
interior
in
chamber
m
Location: Over
divided
three
into
North
portion fallen.
Tozzer (1911) describes two
Upper
only
of
roofcomb,
1.10
m
one
high
above
the
while
chamber
with
elaborate
high.
section of
rear
building.
Dimensions: No data.
sculptural forms,
ARCHITECTURAL
side
North
Decoration:
of
much
now
roofcomb
covered
destroyed.
STYLE
Central Peten (Tikal) style.
COMMENTS
Temple V was first photographed by Alfred Maudslay (1889As with
1902) although his report did not include a plan.
the other Great Temples at Tikal, Maler (1911) submitted a
Temple V and its pyramidal
detailed description of
more
substructure,
his
and
projecting stairway
on
clearly
photograph
the
north
side
of
shows
the
the
broad
pyramid (ibid,
plate 6).
As
and
see
recently
as
1981.
Temple
V
had
not
been
excavated
mostly as a means of allowing visitors to
Radiocarbon
Great Temples as found in situ.
consoUdated.
one
of the
wooden
dates
from
about
A.D. 700.
beams
suggest
a
construction
date
of
SITE:
DATE:
TIKAL
TEMPLE V
3/28/1974
STRUCTURE 5D-5
INTERIOR DETAILS:
1
Room
DIMENSIONS
Length: 4.00
Width:
.82
m.
m.
WALLS
Height: 2.97
m
(approx.) floor
Thickness: Front
wall 1.70
Stonework: Walls faced
m
with
to
springline.
thick at
doorjambs.
small, rectangular blocks.
Doorways: Exterior doorway 2.18
m
wide, 2.28
m
high.
Wood
Untels above.
Rod Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: No data.
Wall
Openings: None noted.
Platforms: None.
VAULTS
Springline Offset: About 0.06 m.
m
(approx.) springline
Height: 1.80
Form: Vault faces
Stonework: Same
bottom of capstones.
to
have straight sides.
in other
as
Capstones: Capstone
span
temples.
about 0.13
m.
Crossbeams: No data.
Other:
OBSERVATIONS
Very
narrow,
high
room.
CI
TIKAL, Guatemala
Temple V(Str. 5D-5)
C.F. Andrews, 1971
lc
TIKAL, View from North Acropolis showing Temple I, Central Acropolis, and Temple
-J
V
SITE:
3/18/1978
DATE:
TIKAL
(STRUCTURE 6F-27)
TEMPLE OF THE INSCRIPTIONS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Good sized
with
and
two
single
front
long
proper
remains of
from
also
several
facades
9.16.15.0.0
total
and
west
overlooks
round
and
inscriptions
(140
exterior
stands
Building
altars.
carved
doorways,
pyramidal
on
west
on
large
of
with
its
name
and
roofcomb
includes
which
side.
plaza,
Temple gets
face
on
blocks)
glyph
deep overall
8.90m
x
three
high overall, with stairway
faces
stelae
hieroglyphic
upper
m
long
m
with
room,
behind.
room
substructure, about 11
Temple
(18.08
temple-type building
rooms:
date
of
(A.D. 766).
ORIENTATION
Main facade faces
west.
EXTERIOR DETAILS
BASE
MOLDING
Form:
Single member, apron-type molding.
Size: Overall height .76
m
at front
1.16
section,
high,
m
rear
section.
Projection: .15
Other:
m
Molding
at
projection
top.
about
inward
slopes
.17
from
m
bottom
to
top.
LOWER
WALL ZONE
Height: 2.46
m;
top
of
base
to
bottom
of
projecting
upper
wall.
Wall faced with
rectangular blocks,
dressed, and deeply tailed into hearting.
Thickness: Front wall 1.41 m thick at doorjambs.
Stonework:
moderately
well
and
rear
with medium-sized blocks, similar to those
seen
Decoration: None;
lower
walls
are
plain,
both
front
sections.
DOORWAYS
Shape: Rectangular.
Jambs: Faced
in
walls.
Lintels:
Wood
bntels; these
diameter, 6 total
over
each
are
round
in
section,
0.15
m
in
doorway.
1L
MEDIAL
MOLDING
No
.20
real
molding; entire
medial
wall
upper
about
out
projects
wall below.
face of
beyond
m
UPPER WALL ZONE
high overall.
Height: About 2.44
m
Stonework:
plain,
Where
similar to those
Decoration:
Panels
of
of
Traces
wall
faced
in lower
seen
mask
hieroglyphic
and south facades (see details).
wall shows
rectangular blocks,
to
doorway
over
incised
Other: Upper
with
walls.
inscriptions
central
room.
east,
north
on
sUght inward slope.
very
CORNICE
No
real
cornice
molding.
wall
Upper
at
from
flush
is
rear
top to bottom.
ROOF
STRUCTURE
Description:
vaulted
face steps
plain
back
from
m
in front
rear
base
upper
stucco
with
in
two
roughly
interior.
(three steps total) but
portion of building, but
12.0
Outer
wall is
rear
wall at
back
sets
about
rear.
high overall, and about 5.25
m
of
roofcomb
of
central
west
on
thick
m
portion of mask still in place
side.
in
it
glyph blocks each
ARCHITECTURAL
carried
Panel
north and
on
in
elaborate
of
96
glyph
Panels
(rear) face of roofcomb.
east
stones
Projecting
portion of roofcomb indicate that
sculptures of unknown design.
blocks incised
12
other
base.
Decoration: Remains
at
the
from outer face of upper
Dimenions.* About
at
roofcomb
high
above
one
bottom to top.
Location: Over
.75
thick,
Very
chambers,
with
south sides of roofcomb.
STYLE
style.
Central Peten
COMMENTS
Temple
made
VI
was
his
companions.
published
a
monuments.
consobdated
reported by Antonio
first
way
that
Later
Temple
some
and
years
Pennsylvania Project
at
same
of
description
year,
the
Heinrich
temple
substructure
later
as
Ortiz
Tikal
to
Uaxactun
from
part
and
were
of
in
1951,
with
Berlin
its
who
several
(1951)
associated
cleared
University
and
of
Tikal.
11
from
As
noted
above, Temple
VI
differs in
the
other
major
temples
at
Tikal
doorways
the
Lintels
rather
some
in
over
than
of
its
the
doorways
its
vertical
setbacks
recesses
major temples.
on
which
to
have
plain
in
human
are
seen
it
in
but
all
are
rear
also
unique,
on
as
and
logs,
Temple
the
the
lacks
three
one,
I-V,
and
figures
while
differentiated from
Finally, the inscriptions
roofcomb of Temple VI
appear
found
respects
has
round
with
addition,
both ends,
it
usual
the
of
with
In
inscriptions.
portion of the temple is
by simple
beams
carved
are
several
that
formed
are
rectangular
which
hieroglyphic
facade instead
main
in
the
rear
more
front
portion
complex
Temple V of the
the
rear
the other
of
the
temples
walls.
"14
SITE:
3/18/1978
DATE:
TIKAL
(STRUCTURE 6F-27)
INSCRIPTIONS
TEMPLE OF THE
(Outer room)
1
Room
INTERIOR DETAILS:
DIMENSIONS
15.10
Length:
1.83
Width:
m.
m.
WALLS
springline.
m; floor to
Height: 2.60
wall 1.39
Thickness: Front
thick at doorjambs.
m
with
Stonework: Walls faced
1.50
Doorways: Lateral doorways,
1.99
Seven
diameter.
to
total
m
with
formed
Lintels
wide.
m
beams, 0.15
doorway, 0.51
each
over
doorway
Central
wide.
round
in
m
springline
m
top of lintels.
Rod
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders: Pairs of
all
of
sides
destroyed and pins
are
low, both
cordholders high and
round
These
doorways.
exterior
three
partly
are
missing.
in wail
Wall Openings: Small holes (floor drains) at floor line
These are flush with
to central doorway.
sections adjacent
top of base
on
exterior.
Platforms: None.
l)Three
Other:
to
doorway
graffiti
red
rear
walls
on
handprints
about
room,
but
on
1.65
east
wall, north of doorway.
wall,
both
floor.
above
modern
of
sides
2)
Many
scribbles
details of
See
originals.
difficult to identify
m
with
overlaid
so
it is
back
that
graffiti
on
VAULTS
Springline Offset:
m, springUne
Height: 1.32
to
bottom
Form: Vault faces have straight
Stonework: Vault faced with
of capstones.
sides.
about 0.20 m.
Capstones: Capstone span
crossbeams;
of
rows
Two
Crossbeams:
other
row
0.35
m
to
center
below
one
springline,
at
capstones.
OBSERVATIONS
Outer
five
room
major
with
three
temples
single doorway.
at
doorways is unusual
Tikal
(Temples
I-IV)
since
all
the
have
other
only
a
SITE:
3/18/1978
DATE:
TIKAL
INSCRIPTIONS (STRUCTURE 6F-27)
TEMPLE OF THE
INTERIOR DETAILS:
(Rear room)
2
Room
DIMENSIONS
Length:
4.03
Width:
1.24
in.
m.
WALLS
m; floor
Height: 2.32
to
.17
Lintels
Rod
m
are
thick.
m
.33
room
1.95
bottom
m
m
of
lintels
Wood
wide.
lintels
springbne.
to
sections of logs, 11 in all.
Sockets: No data.
Cordholders:
sides of
to
thick,
round
front
to
Doorways: Doorway
1.90
room
with
Stonework: Walls faced
above
springline.
wall to front
Thickness: Dividing
center
Wail
of
Remains
doorway, 0.38
above floor,
Openings:
Small
centered
hole
in
m
below
m
springbne.
wall
rear
both
low,
holders 0.43
Lower
jambs.
holder 0.63
upper
and
high
cordholders,
from
m
just
below
springline.
Platforms: None.
Other:
Floor
of this
raised
room
.40
m
above
floor
of
front
room.
VAULTS
No offsets
Springbne Offset: 0.075 m long walls.
walls at springbne.
Height: 1.52 m, springbne to bottom of capstones.
Form: Vault faces have straight sides.
Stonework:
Vault faced
near
row
of
end
with
Capstones: Capstone span 0.20
Crossbeams: One
in
m.
crossbeams
at
springbne, 2nd
row
midpoint (verticaby) of vault.
Other:
OBSERVATIONS
Room
2
very
small,
originally longer
as
compared
both
ends
to
outer
were
rooms,
partly
filled
but
in
was
with
secondary construction.
11*
METERS
TIKAL, Guatemala
Temple
of the
Inscriptions
G.F. Andrews, 1974
11
TIKAL. Guatemala
Temple of the Inscriptions
C.F. Andrews, 1974
H
TIKAL, Temple of the Inscriptions.
View of
rear
showing inscriptions
on
roofcomb.
-n