Teoría 4_Present Perfect

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
El Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
FORM
(HAVE / HAS + Past Participle)
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I have worked
You have worked
He has worked
She has worked
It has worked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
I haven´t worked
You haven´t worked
He hasn´t worked
She hasn´t worked
It hasn´t worked
We haven´t worked
You haven´t worked
They haven´t worked
Have I worked ?
Have you worked ?
Has he worked ?
Has she worked ?
Has it worked ?
Have we worked ?
Have you worked ?
Have they worked ?
USES
EXAMPLES
TIME EXPRESSSIONS
An action that happened in the
past but affects the present time.
An action that began in the past
and continues until the present.
Kevin is happy because he has just
passed his driving test.
I´m hungry. I haven´t eaten yet.
ever, never, just, recently,
already, yet
He has played tennis for ten years.
For
They have known her since 1997.
Since
How long have you studied English?
How long?
FORMA:
Afirmativa: se forma con el presente de to have y el participio del verbo principal.
Negativa: colocamos not entre have/has y el participio.
Interrogativa: ponemos primero have/has, luego el sujeto y, detrás de éste, el participio.
USOS:
a) Para hablar de acciones pasadas que afectan al presente.
b) Con acciones que empiezan en el pasado pero todavía tienen continuidad en el presente.
c) Para referirnos a una acción acabada sin especificar el momento exacto en que ocurrió,
porque no se sabe o porque esta información no es importante:
The plane has already landed (El avión ya ha aterrizado).
d) Para expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces se utiliza just entre have y el
participio.
They have just arrived. (Acaban de llegar).
NOTA: Mira en la tabla de más arriba las expresiones temporales más comunes con el
Present Perfect.
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ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO
CONTRASTE ENTRE EL “PAST SIMPLE” Y EL “PRESENT PERFECT”.
Ambos tiempos se refieren a acciones pasadas. La diferencia entre ambos está en que con el
“Past Simple” se indica claramente que fue un hecho concreto que ocurrió en un momento
determinado del pasado, mientras que con el “Present Perfect” la acción expresadano está
delimitada en el tiempo.
Ejemplos:
I received an anonymous phone call two weeks ago but I haven´t told anybody.
(Recibí una llamada anónima hace dos semanas, pero no se lo he dicho a nadie)
Since the group broke up in 1996, this singer has tried to avoid public attention.
(Desde que el grupo se separó en 1996, el cantante ha tratado de evitar la atención del público)
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