anales real academia de ciencias veterinarias
Anuncio
ANALES
de la
REAL ACADEMIA
DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS
2000
VOLUMEN VII
Número 7
REAL ACADEMIA DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS
Dirección: c/ Maestro Ripoll, 8
Teléfono: 915 611 799
28006 MADRID.
ANALES
DE LA
REAL ACADEMIA
DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS
VOL VII
2000
Núm. 7
ISSN - 1135-2795
SUMARIO
Conferencias:
«El sueño en los animales de compañía y en el hombre: «pros»
y «contras» en la fisiología y terapia humano y animal». Dr.
D. Eladio Casares Marcos .......................................................
1
«Tratamiento analgésico de las neoplasias hemiabdomen superior». Dr. D. Salvador Vicente de la Torre Gutiérrez ..........
19
«Los caprichos de Goya: las estampas de asnerías». Dr. D.
Julio Ponce Vázquez .................................................................
43
«Del veterinario al albéitar: algunas contribuciones del mundo
clásico a la medicina ueterinaria». Dr. D. Juan Lorenzo Lorenzo .......................................................................................
61
«Los productos alimenticios y la información al consumidor,
en nuestros días». Dr. D. Carlos Barros Santos ......................
81
«Llegada del vacuno español a Suramérica». Ldo. D. Manuel
Beteta Ortiz ................................................................................
99
«Una veterinaria española en programas internacionales de
Sanidad y Cooperación». Lda. Dª Marta Valenciano Martínez-Orozco .................................................................................
117
«El caballo en el arte». Dr. D. Francisco Portela Sandoval.
131
«El suero lácteo de quesería: el ayer y el presente». Dr. D.
Enrique Ronda Laín ................................................................
147
«El entrenamiento de los caballos de carreras». Dr. D. Carlos
M. Corvalán Romero ................................................................
171
«Aplicaciones de los isótopos radiactivos en la producción y
conservación de alimentos». Dra. Dª. M. Magdalena Gálvez
Morros ........................................................................................
191
«Los médicos valencianos en las visuras de las carnes durante
la época preveterinaria (1707-1859)». Dr. D. Vicente Dualde
Pérez ...........................................................................................
217
«Alimentos transgénicos». Dr. D. Jaime Díaz Estruch ...........
235
«La carne de pollo en España: idea y realidad». Ldo D. Ángel
Martín Ruiz ................................................................................
249
«La acuicultura continental en España: propuesta para contribuir a su desarrollo». Ldo. D. Raúl Rodríguez Sainz-Rozas.
261
ACTIVIDAD ACADÉMICA .........................................................
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PROPÓSITO
DOSIS
kGy
PRODUCTOS
1-En dosis reducidas hasta 1 kGy
a) Para inhibir la germinación
0,05-0.01
Patatas, cebollas, ajos.
b) Eliminar insectos y parásitos
0,15-0,5
Cereales, harinas.
c) Retrasar los procesos de maduración
0,5-1,0
Frutas y verduras.
Eliminar microorganismos alterativos
Prolongar el tiempo de conservación
1,5-3,0
Fresas, setas, pan de
molde.
Eliminar microorganismos patógenos
Salmonella
Listeria
Vivrio
Toxoplama
2,0-7,0
Especias, tisanas.
Carnes, huevos.
Aves, leche, lácteos.
Pescados y mariscos.
Carnes crudas y
verduras.
Reducir el tiempo de
cocinado etc.
2-En dosis medias de 1-10 kGy
Mejorar las propiedades tecnológicas
2,0-3,0
2,0-7,0
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La tabla anterior, recoge las aplicaciones fundamentales de esta técnica,
los tipos de alimentos a los que se aplica y las dosis permitidas.
1.- Irradiación en dosis reducidas
a) Inhibición de brotes: Este tratamiento impide que aparezcan brotes en
patatas, cebollas, ajos, etc. Las patatas pueden conservarse perfectamente en
periodos superiores a 6 meses, las cebollas (2-3 meses) y los ajos (3-4 meses) sin
que aparezcan raíces . Tiene también gran importancia económica en el control
de la germinación de cebada para la preparación de la malta para las industrias
cerveceras.
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&
x
x
x
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Sala de incubación.
Granja de engorde.
Matadero - sala de despiece
Hay otro modelo horizontal, tanto en la producción como en el
sacrificio y que responde a:
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x
x
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x Matadero
Granja
Hoy nuestro sector tiene su propia tecnología, que se inicia con un
parque de reproductoras-abuelas y reproductoras-madres, con un volumen de
éstas últimas que oscila entre 5.700.000 a 6.400.000 reproductoras (Cuadro 2).
Con unas medias semanales, en los últimos tres años, que se mueven entre
110.499 (1997) a 120.389 (1998) (Cuadro 1).
Parque de reproductoras
Incremento del parque
?
Incremento de huevos
f
Incremento de pollitos
Disminución del parque
f
Menos puesta
f
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*Parque de 1 día y carne - Cuadro 3
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ENTRADAS 1999
1998
1997
6(0$1$0(6
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(QHUR
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Media anual
115.875 120.390 -3,75% 110.499 4,87%
Cuadro 2.- ENTRADAS DE REPRODUCTORAS EN TODO EL PAÍS EN EL MERCADO INTERIOR
Sem.
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
4
67.700
94.225
121.560
134.150
133.300
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MEDIA SEMANAL
x
x
x
x
x
96.363
111.655
110.494
120.389
115.875
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
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1997
1998
49.815.000
49.725.000
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Comunidad autónoma
ANDALUCÍA
ARAGÓN
ASTURIAS
BALEARES
CANARIAS
CANTABRIA
CASTILLA-LA MANCHA
CASTILLA-LEÓN
CATALUÑA
EXTREMADURA
GALICIA
MADRID
MURCIA
NAVARRA
PAÍS VASCO
LA RIOJA
VALENCIA
TOTAL
Mataderos
23
6
2
1
3
2
5
15
57
7
15
5
5
6
6
2
21
181
Salas despiece
62
13
10
6
2
5
24
26
103
12
19
46
19
6
18
0
46
417
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35(&,260(',2632//29,92
x
x
x
x
139,10 pts./kg
131,51 pts./kg
124,64 pts./kg
91,50 pts./kg
1996
1997
1998
1999
35(&,269(17$$/3Ò%/,&2
AÑO
P.V.P.
pts./kg
pts.. constantes
de 1999
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
263,82
266,70
283,18
292,41
307,16
278,70
311,53
299,14
291,71
269,10
374,70
357,40
356,90
353,90
353,23
306,60
330,22
311,11
297,54
269,10
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La carne de pollo es uno de los raros ejemplos en el sector de la
alimentación que, sin perder calidad y ganando en presentación, han abaratado
sus costes y su precio final.
El consumo fue creciendo en la década de los sesenta y setenta para
permanecer estable en los ochenta y noventa.
CONSUMO PER CÁPITA (kg)
HONG KONG
43,7
ESTADOS UNIDOS
39,6
ARABIA SAUDÍ
32,3
SINGAPUR
31,5
ISRAEL
30,9
CANADÁ
28,4
AUSTRALIA
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