prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915

LA PRENSA CARRANCISTA EN VERACRUZ. 1915 *
"#$%&'())(*+,-.(/%0)$--%,*%1$)(+)234%5!56
Celia del Palacio Montiel
78+.8)(% $*% 9,-.8),(% :8)% ;(% <=>?@% ?AB,+8@% 5!!C4% D*E$-.,F(G8)(% G$%
tiempo completo y coordinadora del Centro de Estudios de la Cultura y la
'8H2*,+(+,I*%G$%;(%<*,E$)-,G(G%1$)(+)23(*(4
[email protected]
'8))$-:8*G$*+,(J% K2L)$3% 5MC@% '$*.)84% N(;(:(@% 1$)(+)234% ?AB,+84@% '04%
!55!O
*% P;%:)$-$*.$%.)(Q(R8%$-%2*8%G$%;8-%)$-2;.(G8-%G$;%:)8S$+.8%G$%,*E$-.,F(+,I*J%Prensa, revolución y vida
cotidiana en Veracruz, iniciado en 2010, en el Centro de Estudios de la Cultura y la Comunicación
G$%;(%<*,E$)-,G(G%1$)(+)23(*(4%T(%(2.8)(%(F)(G$+$%;(%+8;(Q8)(+,I*%,*E(;2(Q;$%G$%?(),-8;%>;()+I*%
$*%$;%U+#(G8%S%QV-W2$G(%G$%H(.$),(;%$*%;8-%:$),IG,+8-%G$%1$)(+)23@%(-X%+8H8%(%;8-%+8H:(Y$)8-%
del Seminario Prensa, revolución y vida cotidiana en Veracruz: Elissa Rashkin, Alfredo Delgado
y Miguel López Domínguez4%Z2-%+8H$*.(),8-%$*),W2$+,$)8*%G$%H(*$)(%,H:8).(*.$%$-.$%.)(Q(R84
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
!
RESUMEN
La autora muestra en este artículo cómo funcionó la prensa adicta a
1$*2-.,(*8%'())(*3(%$*%$;%:2$).8%G$%1$)(+)23@%$*%5!56@%(Y8%$*%W2$%$-.$%
lugar fungió como capital constitucionalista del país. El trabajo muestra,
(%.)(EA-%G$%2*(%),F2)8-(%G8+2H$*.(+,I*%#$H$)8F)LU+(@%+IH8%;(%:)$*-(%
\2$%2*%()H(%\2*G(H$*.(;%G$%:)8-$;,.,-H8%:()(%;8-%+())(*+,-.(-%W2,$*$-%
*8%G2G()8*%$*%U*(*+,()%:$),IG,+8-%$*%1$)(+)23@%G$;%H,-H8%H8G8%$*%
W2$%;8%#(QX(*%#$+#8%$*%.8G8-%;8-%;2F()$-%G8*G$%$-.2E,$)8*4%P;%.)(Q(R8%
analiza cómo la prensa carrancista -en cierto modo externa a los usos
y costumbres del periodismo en Veracruz- logró adueñarse del espacio
público local. Así mismo se documenta cómo la prensa da cuenta de
;(-% .)(*-\8)H(+,8*$-% G$% ;(% E,G(% +8.,G,(*(% $*% H$G,8% G$% ;(% E,8;$*+,(%
producida por el enfrentamiento armado.
Palabras clave:%:)$*-(@%)$E8;2+,I*%H$B,+(*(@%?AB,+8@%E,G(%+8.,G,(*(4%
ABSTRACT
"#$% :)$-$*.% ().,+;$% -#8]-% #8]% .#$% :)$--% \(E8)(Q;$% .8% .#$% U)-.% +#,$\%
8\% .#$% ?$B,+(*% ^$E8;2.,8*%1$*2-.,(*8% '())(*3(% ]8)_$G% ,*%1$)(+)23%
,*%5!56@%.#$%S$()%.#(.%.#$%:8).%8\%1$)(+)23%](-%:)8+;(,H$G%+(:,.(;%8\%
.#$%+82*.)S%QS%.#$%+8*-.,.2.,8*(;%\8)+$-4%"#,-%:(:$)%:)8E$-@%.#)82F#%(%
.#8)82F#%,*E$-.,F(.,8*%Q(-$G%,*%#$H$)8F)(:#,+%-82)+$-@%#8]%.#$%:)$--%
was a fundamental weapon for political proselytism of the Carrancista
H8E$H$*.%]#,+#%G,G*`.%#$-,.(.$%,*%U*(*+,*F%:$),8G,+(;-%,*%1$)(+)23@%
the same way he had done throughout the country. Finally, the authoress
analyzes how the Carrancista press –somewhat a stranger to the customs
of the local press- successfully took possession of the local public sphere.
The article also shows how the press documents the transformations of
$E$)SG(S%;,\$%,*%.#$%H,G-.%8\%.#$%E,8;$*.%?$B,+(*%)$E8;2.,8*4
Key words:%0)$--@%?$B,+(*%^$E8;2.,8*@%?$B,+8@%PE$)SG(S%;,\$4
Recibido: 10 de agosto 2011
Aprobado: 15 de septiembre de 2011
[O
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
P;%8QR$.,E8%G$;%:)$-$*.$%.)(Q(R8%$-%(*(;,3()%;(-%)$;(+,8*$-%$B,-.$*.$-%$*.)$%;8-%
:$),IG,+8-%%:2Q;,+(G8-%$*%1$)(+)23@%$;%F8Q,$)*8%+())(*+,-.(%S%;(%E,G(%+8.,G,(*(%
G$%;(%:8Q;(+,I*4%>;F2*(-%G$%;(-%:)$F2*.(-%W2$%*8-%:;(*.$(H8-%)$-:8*G$)%-8*%
;(-% -,F2,$*.$-J% a'2L*.8-% S% +2L;$-% I)F(*8-% G$% :)$*-(% :)$$B,-.$*.$-% -,F2,$)8*%
+,)+2;(*G8% $*% ;(% +,2G(G% S% +2L*.8-% S% +2L;$-% \2$)8*% :)8G2+.8% G$;% H8E,H,$*.8%
+())(*+,-.(% S% .)(XG8-% G$% \2$)(b% a'IH8% -$% )$c$R(% -2% 8),F$*% S% .$*G$*+,(-% $*% $;%
.)(.(H,$*.8%G$%;(%,*\8)H(+,I*b%aP;%#$+#8%G$%W2$%1$)(+)23%-$%#2Q,$)(%+8*E$).,G8%
$*% +(:,.(;% G$% ;(% )$:VQ;,+(% ;8F)I% .)(*-\8)H()% ;(-% :)L+.,+(-% :$),8GX-.,+(-@% ;(-%
+8-.2HQ)$-@%;(%E,G(%+8.,G,(*(%G$%;(%:8Q;(+,I*b%aZ$%)$c$R(*%$-.8-%+(HQ,8-%$*%;8-%
periódicos publicados en el puerto?
0()(%;;$E()%(%+(Q8%$-.$%(*L;,-,-@%\2$%:)$+,-8%(+2G,)%(%;(-%\2$*.$-%#$H$)8F)LU+(-%
G,-:8*,Q;$-@%(-X%+8H8%(%;(%Q,Q;,8F)(\X(%$B,-.$*.$%-8Q)$%$;%:$),8G84%>%.)(EA-%G$%2*%
H,*2+,8-8%(*L;,-,-%G$%+8*.$*,G8@%-$%;8F)I%)$+8:,;()%;(%,*\8)H(+,I*%-2U+,$*.$@%
utilizando a los propios periódicos como objetos y sujetos del estudio.
0()(% +2(;W2,$)% $-.2G,8% -8Q)$% #,-.8),(% G$% ;(% :)$*-(@% $-% ,H:)$-+,*G,Q;$% .$*$)%
:)$-$*.$% $*% .8G8% H8H$*.8% W2$% ;8-% :$),IG,+8-% -8*% 2*(% )$:)$-$*.(+,I*% G$% ;(%
)$(;,G(G@%H$G,(G(%:8)%2*(%-$),$%G$%\(+.8)$-%W2$%E(*%G$-G$%;8-%$+8*IH,+8-%G$%
;(%$H:)$-(%:$),8GX-.,+(@%;8-%Q,8F)LU+8-%G$%-2-%G,)$+.8)$-%S%+8;(Q8)(G8)$-@%;(%
A.,+(%S%E(;8)$-%:$),8GX-.,+8-%G$%-2-%$-+),.8)$-%#(-.(%$;%H8H$*.8%#,-.I),+8%$*%
W2$%-$%G(*%(%;(%;23%$-.(-%:2Q;,+(+,8*$-%S%-2%)$;(+,I*%+8*%;8-%:8G$)$-%\L+.,+8-%
d'8E8@% 5!! % S% ^8--@% 5!C6e4% Z$% .8H(*% $*% +2$*.(% $*% $;% :)$-$*.$% ().X+2;8%
(;F2*(-%G$%$-(-%+()(+.$)X-.,+(-@%S(%W2$%+8*-,G$)I%(%;(-%H$G,(+,8*$-%#,-.I),+8f
$-.)2+.2)(;$-%dZL*+#$3%^2X3@%5!!Me%W2$%G$R(*%-2%#2$;;(%S%(%;(%E$3%+8*G,+,8*(*%
(%;(%:)8G2++,I*%#$H$)8F)LU+(%G$%E,.(;%,H:8).(*+,(%:()(%+2(;W2,$)%(*L;,-,-%G$%
prensa.
7$-G$% #(+$% S(% +(-,% E$,*.$% (Y8-@% .8G(% 2*(% F$*$)(+,I*% G$% #,-.8),(G8)$-% S% G$%
comunicólogos se ha abocado al estudio de la historia de la prensa mexicana,
tomando a los órganos periodísticos como objeto de estudio, ya no como fuente
para la historia, como se había hecho hasta entonces. La prensa periódica es una
\2$*.$%G$%,*(:)$+,(Q;$%E(;8)%:()(%$;%$-.2G,8%G$%-2%:)8:,8%G$-())8;;8%$%#,-.8),(@%(%
.)(EA-%G$%(*L;,-,-%:2*.2(;$-%G$%\8)H(.8-@%+8*.$*,G8-%S%:)L+.,+(-%:$),8GX-.,+(-%S%
;(%H(*$)(%$*%W2$%$-.8-%\2$)8*%.)(*-\8)HL*G8-$%(%.)(EA-%G$;%.,$H:84
08)% 8.)8% ;(G8@% ;(% E,G(% +8.,G,(*(% (:()$+$% G$% H(*$)(% :),E,;$F,(G(% )$:)$-$*.(G(%
$*% $-.8-% I)F(*8-4% P*% $;;8-% -$% )$F,-.)(*% #$+#8-% S% (+8*.$+,H,$*.8-% W2$% *8% -$%
$*+8*.)()L*% $*% 8.)8% .,:8% G$% \2$*.$-4% P;% :$),IG,+8@% (% .)(EA-% G$% ;8-% (*2*+,8-%
publicitarios, de las secciones de chismes sociales, de las columnas de modas,
:2$G$%+8*.),Q2,)%(%:,*.()%$;%+2(G)8%G$%;(%E,G(%G,(),(%W2$%*8%-$%$*+2$*.)(%$*%8.)(%
parte.1
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
[5
PB,-.$*%E(),8-%.)(Q(R8-%$*%.8)*8%(%;(%:)$*-(%G$%;(%)$E8;2+,I*%d^2X3%'(-.(Y$G(@%
5!!gh%^(HX)$3%92).(G8@%MO5Oe@%:$)8%*8%-$%#(*%(Q8+(G8%(;%$-.2G,8%G$%;(%:)$*-(%$*%
1$)(+)23%$*%$;%(Y8%-,F*,U+(.,E8%G$%5!56@%$*%W2$%$;%:2$).8%\2$%'(:,.(;%G$%;(%*(+,I*4%%
08)%8.)(%:().$@%$B,-.$*%(;F2*8-%.)(Q(R8-%-8Q)$%;(%E,G(%+8.,G,(*(%$*%$;%:2$).8%G$%
1$)(+)23@%di88G@%MOOCh%j()+X(%G$%T$I*@%5!kgh%j()+X(%?8)(;$-@%5!kgh%^8*3I*@%
MOOCh%0A)$3%?8*.\8).@%MOOke%:$)8%*,*F2*8%-$%#(%8+2:(G8%G$;%(Y8%5!56@%G2)(*.$%
la ocupación carrancista2%S%:8+8-%-$%#(*%-$)E,G8%G$%;(-%\2$*.$-%#$H$)8F)LU+(-%
disponibles para analizar la cotidianidad del puerto.
>%+8*.,*2(+,I*%-$%#()L%2*%)$+8)),G8%Q)$E$%:8)%$;%+8*.$B.8%#,-.I),+8%G$%;(%A:8+(%W2$%
nos ocupa, para pasar a continuación a una descripción del panorama periodístico
W2$% :$)H,.(% $*.$*G$)% ;(% -,.2(+,I*% G$% ;8-% :$),IG,+8-% $*% $;% :2$).8% G$% 1$)(+)23%
G2)(*.$%$;%F8Q,$)*8%+())(*+,-.(%S%$;%8QR$.,E8%G$%H2+#8-%G$%$-.8-%:$),IG,+8-4
EL CONTEXTO REVOLUCIONARIO
P;%56%G$%R2;,8%G$%5!5[@%$;%F$*$)(;%1,+.8),(*8%92$).(%)$*2*+,I%(%;(%0)$-,G$*+,(%
G$% ;(% ^$:VQ;,+(@% G$R(*G8% 2*% :(X-% $*% :)8\2*G(% +),-,-% $+8*IH,+(4% <*% H$-% HL-%
.()G$@%$;%5 %G$%(F8-.8@%-$%U)H()8*%;8-%.)(.(G8-%G$%"$;$8S2+(*@%G(*G8%$;%.),2*\8%(;%
?8E,H,$*.8%'8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(4%P;%F8Q,$)*8%\2$%(-2H,G8%G$%H(*$)(%:)8E,-,8*(;%
:8)%$;%0),H$)%K$\$%G$;%PRA)+,.8%'8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(@%1$*2-.,(*8%'())(*3(@%W2,$*%G$%
,*H$G,(.8%$B:,G,I%;(%+8*E8+(.8),(%:()(%,*-.(;()%;8-%.A)H,*8-%$*%W2$%-$%(+8)G()X(%
$;%:)8+$-8%$;$+.8)(;%S%$;%:)8F)(H(%G$%F8Q,$)*8%:)8E,-,8*(;4%
<*(% +8*E$*+,I*% \8)H(G(% +8*% ;8-% )$:)$-$*.(*.$-% H,;,.()$-% -$% )$2*,I% :),H$)8%
en la ciudad de México y posteriormente en Aguascalientes para tomar las
H$G,G(-%G$%F8Q,$)*8%*$+$-(),(-4%7,+#(%'8*E$*+,I*%)$H8E,I%(%1,;;(%+8H8%K$\$%
G$%;(%7,E,-,I*%G$;%=8).$%S%(%'())(*3(%+8H8%K$\$%G$;%PRA)+,.8%'8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(%%
S%G$-,F*I%+8H8%:)$-,G$*.$%:)8E,-,8*(;%(%P2;(;,8%j2.,A))$3%%d1,;;$F(-@%5!!5@%:4%
5[e4
P;%M %G$%*8E,$HQ)$@%;(-%\2$)3(-%*8).$(H$),+(*(-%W2$%$-.(Q(*%$*%:8-$-,I*%G$;%
:2$).8%G$%1$)(+)23%G$-G$%$;%M5%G$%(Q),;%G$%5!5[@%;8%$*.)$F()8*%(;%F8Q$)*(G8)%
G$;% $-.(G8@% 'L*G,G8% >F2,;()@% W2,$*% ;8% )$+,Q,I% (% *8HQ)$% G$;% F8Q,$)*8%
Constitucionalista34%<*8-%GX(-%HL-%.()G$@%$;%MC%G$%*8E,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[@%.)(-%;(%
)2:.2)(%$*.)$%;8-%+8*E$*+,8*,-.(-%S%1$*2-.,(*8%'())(*3(@%(;%G$.$)H,*()%(W2$;;(%
$;%+$-$%G$%'())(*3(%+8H8%0),H$)%K$\$@%A-.$%;;$FI%(%1$)(+)23%(%U*%G$%$-.(Q;$+$)%
el Gobierno de la República en el puerto, donde fue bien recibido (Villegas,
5!!5@%:4% 56e4
T(%:)$*-(%G$;%:$),8G8%R2-.,U+(%$;%.)(-;(G8%G$%;(%+(:,.(;%G$%;(%)$:VQ;,+(%(%1$)(+)23%
en estos términos:
[M
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
T8-%(*+,(*8-%#(*%8;E,G(G8%W2$%G2)(*.$%;(%8G,-$(%G$%K2L)$3@%;(%+(:,.(;%G$%;(%)$:VQ;,+(%E,(R(Q(%
+8*%A;@%;8-%RIE$*$-%W2$%+,)+2;(*%;(-%,G$(-%W2$%8.)8-%(+2Y(*%S%+2S8%I)F(*8%G$%:$*-(H,$*.8%
$-%$;%-8HQ)$)8@%,F*8)(*%W2$%;(%+(:,.(;%*8%G$Q$%-$)%\8)38-(H$*.$%$;%:8Q;(G8%W2$%.$*F(%HL-%
.$(.)8-@%HL-%+(*.,*(-@%HL-%H2R$)$-%G$%:;(+$)4%l%;8-%$H:;$(G8-@%;8-%+$*.$*()$-%G$%:()L-,.8-%
W2$%,*\2*GX(*%;L*F2,G(%$B,-.$*+,(%(%;(%:8G),G(%HLW2,*(%F2Q$)*(H$*.(;@%.(H:8+8%(+$:.(*%
-,*%:)8.$-.(%*,%G8;8)%;(%G$-(:(),+,I*%.)LF,+(%G$%;(-%G$+$*(-4%l%*8%-$%$B:;,+(*%W2$%;(%+(:,.(;%
W2$G$%$*%1$)(+)234%T(%E$)G(G%G$;%+(-8%$-%W2$%:()(%,)%G$-.)2S$*G8%;8-%,*.$)$-$-%+)$(G8-@%:()(%
W2$%;(%(GH,*,-.)(+,I*%-$%)$*2$E$%S%G$-())8;;$%I)F(*8-%W2$%G$-$H:$Y$*%\2*+,8*$-%$*%E$3%
de la simple sustitución de personas dentro del apolillado organismo son precisas medidas
+8H8%A-.(%dT,*.$)*(@%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%C@%:4%ge
72)(*.$% -2% $-.(*+,(% $*% 1$)(+)23@% '())(*3(% ;;$EI% (% +(Q8% 2*(% -$),$% G$%
+8*H$H8)(+,8*$-@% H()+#(-% S% G$-U;$-% )$;(+,8*(G8-% +8*% \$+#(-% #,-.I),+(-%
d5 % G$% G,+,$HQ)$@% ;(% #$)8,+(% G$\$*-(% G$% 1$)(+)23% +8*.)(% ;(% -$F2*G(% ,*E(-,I*%
*8).$(H$),+(*(e@%8%Q,$*%HX.,*$-%8Q)$)8-%d+8H8%$;%8)F(*,3(G8%:8)%;(%'8*\$G$)(+,I*%
^$E8;2+,8*(),(%$*%$;%"$(.)8%0),*+,:(;%(%U*%G$%&8),$*.()%(%;8-%.)(Q(R(G8)$-/e@%(-X%
como “conferencias” dirigidas al pueblo y pronunciadas por los principales
,*.$;$+.2(;$-%+())(*+,-.(-%d0(-W2$;@%5!gM@%:4%5!Ce4
>%:().,)%G$;%!%G$%G,+,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[@%'())(*3(%:2Q;,+I%E(),(-%;$S$-@%(;F2*(-%G$%
$;;(-%,**8E(G8)(-@%-,$*G8%;(-%HL-%,H:8).(*.$-%;(-%.)$-%-,F2,$*.$-J%;(%)$\8)H(%(;%
().X+2;8% 5O!@% -8Q)$% ;(% (2.8*8HX(% H2*,+,:(;% G$;% M6% G$% G,+,$HQ)$@% $;% G$+)$.8% G$%
G,E8)+,8%$;%M!%G$;%H,-H8%H$-%W2$%$*.)I%$*%E,F8)%#(-.(%H()38%G$%5!56%S%;(%;$S%
(F)(),(%G$;%C%G$%$*$)8%W2$%)$FX(%;(%G8.(+,I*%S%)$-.,.2+,I*%G$%$R,G8-%S%H$G,(*.$%;(%
expropiación de las haciendas colindantes.
P;% :$),8G8% G$% $-.2G,8% -$% +()(+.$),3I% :8)% ;(% ,*c(+,I*% S% ;(% +()$-.X(4%>% :$-()% G$%
los continuos aumentos de salario a los trabajadores, no lograba compensarse la
,*c(+,I*J%$;%H(X3%-2Q,I%M4[OOmh%$;%\)XR8;%M4MOOmh%S%$;%())83%54[MOmh%$;%(3V+()%
![Omh%S%;(%#(),*(%!OOm%d<;;8(@%5!kk@%:4%55[5e4
>%:),*+,:,8-%G$%R2;,8%G$%5!56@%;(-%.)8:(-%E,;;,-.(-%S%3(:(.,-.(-%$E(+2()8*%;(%+,2G(G%
G$%?AB,+8%G$Q,G8%(%;(%:)$-,I*%W2$%$R$)+X(*%;8-%+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(-%W2$%(E(*3(Q(*%
sobre ella. El 11 de ese mes, las fuerzas constitucionalistas recuperaron la ciudad
de México y el 10 de octubre, amagados por las tropas constitucionalistas en
"8;2+(@%;(%+8*E$*+,I*%-$%G,-8;E,I4%>%:().,)%G$%$*.8*+$-@%H2+#8-%G$%;8-%:$),8G,-.(-%
+())(*+,-.(-%E8;E,$)8*%(%;(%+,2G(G%G$%?AB,+8%S%;8-%:$),IG,+8-%\(E8)(Q;$-%(;%0),H$)%
Jefe dejaron de publicarse en Veracruz.
>;%+8*+;2,)-$%;(-%HL-%,H:8).(*.$-%8:$)(+,8*$-%$*%+8*.)(%G$;%E,;;,-H8@%'())(*3(%
pensó en abandonar Veracruz para ir a los lugares donde se habían librado las
:$8)$-%Q(.(;;(-4%>-X@%$;%55%G$%8+.2Q)$%G$%5!56@%1$*2-.,(*8%'())(*3(%(Q(*G8*I%$;%
:2$).8%d1,;;$F(-@%5!!5@%:4% 5!e4%%7$%$-.(%H(*$)(@%.$)H,*()X(%$;%Q)$E$%:$),8G8%$*%
W2$%1$)(+)23%\2$%+(:,.(;%+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(%G$%;(%)$:VQ;,+(4
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
[
ESCENARIO PERIODÍSTICO
'())(*3(%+8*-,G$)(Q(%(%;(%:)$*-(%+8H8%2*%()H(%G$%,*(:)$+,(Q;$%E(;8)4%>%G,\$)$*+,(%
G$%?(G$)8@%W2$%-$%W2$GI%-,*%:)$*-(%(H,F(@%$;%0),H$)%K$\$%'8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(%-$%
:)8:2-8%.$*$)%-,$H:)$%I)F(*8-%:$),8GX-.,+8-%\(E8)(Q;$-%(%-2%+(2-(4%7$-G$%5!5 @%
ordenó la fundación de El Constitucionalista% $*% 9$)H8-,;;8@% Z8*8)(@% (;% W2$%
-$%+8*-,G$)I%$;%I)F(*8%8U+,(;%G$;%F8Q,$)*84%'2(*G8%8+2:I%;(%+(:,.(;%G$;%:(X-@%
Carranza nombró un Director General de prensa Constitucionalista –Alfredo
n)$+$G(f%(%U*%G$%
o2*,U+()%S%8),$*.()%;(%:8;X.,+(%G$%;(%:)$*-(%)$E8;2+,8*(),(%G$*.)8%G$%;8-%,G$(;$-%-2-.$*.(G8-%
:8)%$;%+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-H8@%S(%W2$%A-.$@%:8)%*$+$-,G(G$-%G$;%H8H$*.8%S%:8)%+,)+2*-.(*+,(-%
$-:$+,(;$-% G$% ;(% -,.2(+,I*@% .,$*$% W2$% +8*.)8;()% S% G$% #$+#8% +8*.)8;(@% (% ;8-% G,(),8-% G$%
,*\8)H(+,I*% )$+,$*.$H$*.$% \2*G(G8-% $*% $-.(% +(:,.(;% d^2X3% '(-.(Y$G(@% 5!!g% +,.(G(% :8)%
'(H(),;;8@%5!!k@%:45!ke4
T(%:)$*-(%\2$%2*%()H(%\2*G(H$*.(;%G$%:)8-$;,.,-H8%:()(%;8-%+())(*+,-.(-%W2,$*$-%
*8%G2G()8*%$*%U*(*+,()%:$),IG,+8-%$*%.8G8-%;8-%;2F()$-%G8*G$%$-.2E,$)8*4%02$G$%
-,*.$.,3()-$%$-.(%,H:8).(*+,(%$*%;(%\)(-$%G$%^(\($;%?().X*$3J%&o;8-%,*-.)2H$*.8-%
G$%;(%;2+#(%-8*%()H(-%S%:$),IG,+8-/%d^2X3%'(-.(Y$G(@%5!!g@%:4%Mg!e4%P-.$%.,:8%
G$% :)$*-(% $)(% \2*G(H$*.(;H$*.$% G,GL+.,+(4% T8-% :$),IG,+8-% $-.(Q(*% G,),F,G8-%
a las clases trabajadoras y pretendían “formar la lógica y la conciencia de
;(% )$E8;2+,I*/% d^2X3% '(-.(Y$G(@% 5!!g@% :4% Mg!e4% <*8% G$% ;8-% :$),IG,+8-% HL-%
originales de los constitucionalistas fue La Vanguardia, publicado en Orizaba,
W2$%H$)$+$%2*%$-.2G,8%(:().$@%G(G(-%;(-%+8*.),Q2+,8*$-%G$;%7)4%>.;@%2*8%G$%;8-%
principales intelectuales carrancistas del periodo, así como las ilustraciones
G$%K8-A%';$H$*.$%p)83+8%d^(-#_,*@%MO55e4%"(HQ,A*%-$%:2Q;,+()8*%$*%(W2$;;(%
+,2G(G%8.)8-%:$),IG,+8-%+8H8%$;% Of O@%d7$;%0(;(+,8@%MOO6(e%:$)8%$*%$-.$%.)(Q(R8%
sólo nos ocupamos de los periódicos del puerto de Veracruz.
P;%;,*8.,:8%;;$FI%(;%:2$).8%G$%1$)(+)23%$*%5!O!@%(+8H:(Y(G8%:8)%8.)8-%(G$;(*.8-%
.A+*,+8-% S% H$+L*,+8-% $*% ;(% +8H:8-,+,I*@% $*% ;(-% :)$*-(-% S% $*% $;% \8.8F)(Q(G8@%
siendo el periódico El Dictamen% $;% W2$% :),H$)8% -$% -$)E,)X(% G$% $;;8-% dTI:$3%
78HX*F2$3@%MOOke4
T(%)$E8;2+,I*%.)(R8%+(HQ,8-%$*%;(%:)$*-(%S%8.)8%.,:8%G$%+8*H8+,8*$-%+8H8%$;%
G$-+$*-8% $*% ;(% (+.,E,G(G% $G,.8),(;J% &G$Q,G8% $*% :().$% (% ;(% +8*+2))$*+,(% G$% ;8-%
$G,.8),(;$-% H$.)8:8;,.(*8-% S% G$% ;8-% $-.(G8-% \)8*.$),38-/% dT(H(@% 5![ @% :4 5e4%
Estos acontecimientos redundarían en la producción de periódicos en Veracruz.
7$-:2A-%G$%5!5[@%-$%:2Q;,+I%$*%$;%:2$).8%2*%*VH$)8%+8*-,G$)(Q;$%G$%G,(),8-%
S%-$H(*(),8-%$*%(:8S8%(%;(%)$E2$;.(4%Z,$*G8%$;%:2$).8%;(%+(:,.(;%G$;%:(X-%$*%$;%
:$),8G8% +())(*+,-.(@% (;F2*(-% G$% ;(-% :2Q;,+(+,8*$-% *(+,8*(;$-% E,$)8*% ;(% ;23% $*%
Veracruz.
[[
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
P*% (W2$;% H8H$*.8@% $;% :$),8G,-H8% -$% #(QX(% G$-())8;;(G8% #(-.(% +8*E$).,)-$% $*%
E$)G(G$)8% :)8G2+.8% ,*G2-.),(;4%>V*% *8% $B,-.X(*% $*% 1$)(+)23% ;(-% +(G$*(-@% S% ;8-%
I)F(*8-% G$% :)$*-(% HL-% ,H:8).(*.$-% :$).$*$+X(*% (% $H:)$-(),8-% ;8+(;$-@% W2,$*$-%
.$*X(*%(%-2%(;+(*+$%;(-%)$G$-%S%$;%+(:,.(;%:()(%:)8+;(H()%W2$%-2-%:$),IG,+8-%+8*.(Q(*%
con la información de las agencias noticiosas internacionales. Sin embargo,
$-.8-%F)(*G$-%I)F(*8-%G$%:)$*-(%+8*E,EX(*%+8*%:$),8G,W2,.8-%().$-(*(;$-[. Como
:$),IG,+8-% S% )$E,-.(-% :)8:,(H$*.$% +())(*+,-.(-@% (:()$+,$)8*% ;8-% -,F2,$*.$-J% El
Constitucionalista.%0$),IG,+8%8U+,(;%G$%;(%\$G$)(+,I*@%+8H$*3I%(%:2Q;,+()-$%$*%
1$)(+)23%$;%5M%G$%G,+,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[@%Q(R8%;(-%G,)$++,8*$-%-2+$-,E(-%G$%K8(W2X*%
p)8:$3(%d5M%G$%G,+,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[%(%5C%G$%$*$)8%G$%5!56eh%P*),W2$%p`q()),;;%d6%
G$%\$Q)$)8%G$%5!56%(%M %G$%R2*,8%G$%5!56e%S%q)(*+,-+8%0(G,;;(%j8*3L;$3%dG$;%M!%G$%
R2*,8%(;%5%G$%8+.2Q)$%G$%5!56e4%P;%:$),IG,+8%+8-.(Q(%+,*+8%+$*.(E8-%S%-$%+8*E$).X(%
en semanario o bisemanario según las circunstancias lo ameritaran y los anuncios
-I;8%-$%:2Q;,+(Q(*%&:)$E,8%(+2$)G8%G$%;(%Z$+)$.()X(%G$%j8Q$)*(+,I*/%d'(H(),;;8@%
5!!k@%:4%MOge4%T(H$*.(Q;$H$*.$@%*8%;8%#$H8-%.$*,G8%(%*2$-.)8%(;+(*+$4
>2*W2$% -$% H$*+,8*(% W2$% 8.)8-% :$),IG,+8-% +())(*+,-.(-% :2Q;,+(G8-% $*%1$)(+)23%
$*.)$% \$Q)$)8% S% (F8-.8% G$% 5!56% \2$)8*% La Prensa% d'(H(),;;8@% 5!!k@% :4% MOge% S%%
El Demócrata dG,),F,G8%:8)%$;%+8*8+,G8%:$),8G,-.(%^(\($;%?().X*$3%&^,:f^,:/e@%
(Pueblo,% 5!56@% (F8-.8% C@% :4% 5e% (;% :()$+$)@% A-.8-% -$% :2Q;,+()8*% $*% ;(% +,2G(G% G$%
?AB,+8@%G2)(*.$%;(%8+2:(+,I*%8Q)$F8*,-.(%d^(HX)$3%92).(G8@%MO5O@%:4%MOOfMO5e4%
Algo parecido ocurre con El liberal y La Opinión d^2X3%'(-.(Y$G(@%5!!g@%:4%Mk5e4%
Z$%-(Q$%W2$%El liberal dejó de publicarse en la ciudad de México antes de la salida
del primer Jefe hacia Veracruz6. El Dictamen%W2$%#(QX(%+8H$*3(G8%(%:2Q;,+()-$%
G$-G$%5k!k@%-X%(:8SI%(;%+())(*+,-H8@%:$)8%.2E8%W2$%-2-:$*G$)%-2-%;(Q8)$-%(%U*(;$-%
G$%(F8-.8%G$%5!56%:8)%&$B,F$*+,(-%W2$%;$%,H:2-,$)8*%(;F2*8-%G$%-2-%8Q)$)8-/%dEl
Pueblo@%5!56@%(F8-.8%M @%:4%[e6.
'8H8%)$E,-.(%G$%E(),$G(G$-@%(:()$+,I%$*%(Q),;%G$%5!56%;(%Revista Nacionalg. Se
:)$-$*.(Q(%+8H8%-$H(*(),8%,;2-.)(G8@%W2$%;2+X(%F)(*G$-%\8.8F)(\X(-%S%F)(Q(G8-4%
Z2-% -$++,8*$-% -8*% H2S% G,E$)-(-@% $G,.8),(;$-@% +)I*,+(% G$% ;(% -$H(*(@% ().X+2;8-% S%
*8.,+,(-%G$%;(%)$E8;2+,I*@%2*(%-$++,I*%&G$%Z:8)./@%:8$H(-%(*.,F28-%S%H8G$)*8-@%
fotografías de los autores, artículos de cultura, crónicas teatrales y sobre la
E,G(%8Q)$)(@%+(),+(.2)(-%S%#2H8),-H8@%(-X%+8H8%*8.(-%G$%:8;,+X(%+8*%G$.(;;(G(-%
\8.8F)(\X(-%G$%;8-%;(G)8*$-%S%;(-%H$)+(*+X(-%)8Q(G(-%d7$;%0(;(+,8@%MOOC@%:4%kge4%Z$%
presentó como una publicación defensora del Constitucionalismo y en contra del
&+,$*.,U+,-H8@%$;%+;$)8%S%;(%)$(++,I*/%S%(%\(E8)%G$%;8-%8Q)$)8-%S%;(%)$+8*W2,-.(%G$%
;8-%G$)$+#8-%G$;%:2$Q;8@%(2*W2$%$-.L%+;()(H$*.$%G,),F,G(%(%;(-%H2R$)$-%dRevista,
5!56@%(Q),;%[@%:4%5e4%P*.)$%-2-%+8;(Q8)(G8)$-%$-.2E,$)8*%^(\($;%Z8;(*(@%%>)+#,E(;G8%
P;8S%0$G)83(@%PGH2*G8%q$)*L*G$3@%PG2()G8%?$;;(G8@%q$)*(*G8%pF()),8@%S%;8-%
$*+()F(G8-%G$%;(-%8U+,*(-%\2$)8*J%q)8S;L*%?(*R())$3@%j$)()G8%0(;(+,8-@%>F2-.X*%
j8*3L;$3% S% >G8;\8% j2(G(;(R()(k4% P-.(% )$E,-.(% .(HQ,A*% )$F)$-I% (% ;(% +,2G(G% G$%
?AB,+8%$*%(F8-.8%G$%5!56%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%(F8-.8%C@%:4%ke4%"(HQ,A*%$*%5!56@
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
[6
(:()$+,I%;(%)$E,-.(%Marte,%G,),F,G(%:8)%$;%j$*$)(;%q)(*+,-+8%T4%<)W2,38@%;(%+2(;%
:2Q;,+(Q(%+8*.$*,G8-%H,;,.()$-%S%*(E(;$-4%DH:)$-(%$*%:(:$;%+2+#A@%\2$%)$G(+.(G(%
$*.$)(H$*.$%:8)%H,;,.()$-@%+8*%$;%8QR$.,E8%G$%:)$:()()%(;%$RA)+,.8%H$B,+(*8%G$;%
\2.2)8%d7$;%0(;(+,8@%MOOC@%:4%kke4
La linterna% $-% 8.)(% :2Q;,+(+,I*% W2$% +,)+2;I% $-$% (Y8% $*% $;% :2$).84% '8H$*3I% (%
(:()$+$)%$*%;(%+,2G(G%G$%?AB,+8%$;%C%G$%\$Q)$)8%G$%5!56%S%-,F2,I%:2Q;,+L*G8-$%
$*%1$)(+)23%G$-G$%$;%5C%G$%R2*,8%#(-.(%$;%5[%G$%R2;,84%P;%G,)$+.8)%$-%$;%,*F$*,$)8%
p4%K4%j23HL*%S%$;%F$)$*.$%>Q)(#(H%?$RX(4%P-.$%V;.,H8%-$%$*+()F(Q(%.(HQ,A*%G$%
;(-%+(),+(.2)(-%W2$%(Q2*G(*%$*%.8G8-%;8-%*VH$)8-4%Z2%+8-.8%$-%G$%MO%+$*.(E8-4%
Z$% (2.8:)8+;(HI% &-$H(*(),8% -8+,(;,-.(/% S% $*.)$% -2-% +8*.$*,G8-% (G$HL-% G$% ;(-%
+(),+(.2)(-@% -8Q)$-(;X(% ;(% +)X.,+(% G$% $-:$+.L+2;8-4% >:8SI% (;% +())(*+,-H8% S% :8)%
tanto las caricaturas se utilizaron para denostar a Zapata y a Villa!. Su precio en
2*%:),*+,:,8%$)(%G$%56%+$*.(E8-%$*%$;%E(;;$%G$%?AB,+8%S%G$-:2A-@%S(%$*%1$)(+)23@%
(*2*+,(Q(%W2$%+8-.(Q(%MO%+$*.(E8-%$*%.8G8%$;%:(X-4%&'8*-.,.2S$%$-.$%-$H(*(),8%
2*%,*G,E,G28%-8+,(;@%2*%I)F(*8%G$;%+),.$),8%:VQ;,+8%W2$%E,$*$%(%;;$*()%2*(%\2*+,I*J%
;(%G$%$B(H,*()%$;%(HQ,$*.$%S%.8H()%2*%:().,G8o/%dLinterna@%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%C@%:4%
5e4%T8-%)$G(+.8)$-%-$%:)8:8*X(*%&(-8H()-$%(%.8G8-%;8-%H$*.,G$)8-@%(%;(-%+(*.,*(-@%
(%;8-%Q2;$E()$-@%(%;8-%.$(.)8-%S%8,)$H8-%S%E$)$H8-@%S%;8%W2$%8,F(H8-%S%E$(H8-@%
lo haremos público semanariamente en este periódico cuyo nombre por cierto
*(G(% G,+$% (;% E2;F8@% :$)8% $-% 2*(% )A:;,+(% G$;% \(H8-8% :(-W2X*% &La lanterne” de
^8+#$\8)./4%=8%$-%W2$%^8+#$\8).%-$(%-2%,G$(;%:$),8GX-.,+8@%(+;()(*@%:$)8%G2)(*.$%;(%
)$E8;2+,I*%\)(*+$-(@%-$%;;$E(Q(*%(%;(%(),-.8+)(+,(%S%(;%+;$)8%(%+8;F()%G$%;( lanterne
HL-%:)IB,H(@%;8%+2(;%:()$+$%-$)%$;%G$-$8%8+2;.8%G$%;8-%$G,.8)$-4%P-.L*%$*%+8*.)(%
G$% E(),8-% R$\$-% 3(:(.,-.(-% S% (-$F2)(*% W2$% $*% $;% -$H(*(),8% $*+8*.)()L*% &,G$(-%
claras, lenguaje claro, muñecos claros, a la Luz de la Linterna” (Linterna,%5!56@%
\$Q)$)8%C@%:4%5e4%T(%)$E,-.(%-$%:)8*2*+,(%+8*.)(%;(%)$;,F,I*%+(.I;,+(%S%(%\(E8)%G$%;(%
>;$H(*,(@%S(%W2$%-$FV*%;(%8:,*,I*%G$%0X8%n()8R(@%A-.$%$-%$;%V*,+8%:(X-%W2$%:2$G$%
derrotar a la iglesia (Linterna@%5!56@%R2*,8%M[@%:4%55 e4%T(%*AH$-,-%G$%$-.(%)$E,-.(@%
fue Noticias Sensacionales, cuyo subtítulo es “Periódico político defensor de los
G$)$+#8-%G$;%:2$Q;8/@%G$%;(%+2(;%*(G(%HL-%-$%-(Q$%dLinterna@%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%C@%:45e4%
P*% R2*,8% G$% 5!56@% +8H$*3I% (% (:()$+$)% $;% -$H(*(),8% :8;X.,+8% La cucaracha,
&-$H(*(),8%:8;X.,+8@%\$-.,E8%S%G$%+(),+(.2)(-/%$G,.(G8%:8)%T2,-%>*G)(G$%dPueblo,
5!56@%R2*,8%5@%:4%ke4%"(HQ,A*%+8*%+(),+(.2)(-@%;(%)$E,-.(% Anáhuac tenía el plan
G$%:2Q;,+()-$%$*%1$)(+)23@%-,*%$HQ()F8%:()(%(F8-.8%G$%5!56@%(V*%*8%(:()$+X(%-2%
primer número (El Pueblo,%5!56@%(F8-.8%C@%:4%ke4
'8*+;2S$*G8%$-.(%;,-.(%G$%:2Q;,+(+,8*$-%$*%1$)(+)23@%$-.L%El Pueblo, diario de
la mañana, “considerado por los estudiosos del periodismo mexicano como el
I)F(*8%8U+,(;%G$%;(%:),H$)(%R$\(.2)(/%d'(H(),;;8@%5!!k@%:4%MOge%S%-8-.$*,G8%:8)%
Carranza. Su primer número se publicó en la ciudad de México el 1 de octubre de
[C
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
5!5[@%Q(R8%;(%G,)$++,I*%G$%>*.8*,8%^$E,;;(%S%:8-.$),8)H$*.$%:8)%K8-A%?4%'8$;;()%
d^(HX)$3% 92).(G8@% MO5O@% :4% 5!Me% S% -,F2,I% :2Q;,+L*G8-$% $*% G,+#(% +,2G(G% #(-.(%
5!5!4%P*%1$)(+)23@%+,)+2;I%G$-G$%*8E,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[%#(-.(%$;%Mk%G$%8+.2Q)$%G$%
5!564% P*% ;8-% H$-$-% $*% W2$% -$% :2Q;,+I% $*% ;(% +(:,.(;% +())(*+,-.(% G$% ;(% =(+,I*@%
$-.2E8%G,),F,G8%:8)%qA;,B%0(;(E,+,*,@%+8;(Q8)(*G8%.(HQ,A*%K8-A%<F().$@%>).2)8%j4%
?VF,+(@%^8G),F8%'L)G$*(-@%K8-A%D*A-%=8E$;8@%>*.8*,8%?(*$)8%S%7,$F8%>)$*(-%
j23HL*@% d'(H(),;;8@% 5!!k@% :4% MOgh% ^2X3% '(-.(Y$G(@% 5!!g@% :4Mk5e@% .8G8-% $;;8-%
:$),8G,-.(-%(G,+.8-%(;%+())(*+,-H84%>)$*(-%j23HL*%)$;(.(%W2$%(;%;;$F()%'())(*3(%
a Veracruz y poner la dirección política de la prensa en la persona del encargado
G$%;(%Z$+)$.()X(%G$%D*-.)2++,I*%0VQ;,+(@%qA;,B%q4%0(;(E,+,*,@%A;%-$%F(*I%;(%+8*U(*3(%
G$% ;8-% $-+),.8)$-% )$+,A*% ;;$F(G8-% G$% ?AB,+8@% W2$% $-.(Q(*% H2S% ,*.$)$-(G8-% $*%
$-.2G,()% ;(-% +(2-(-% -8+,8$+8*IH,+(-% G$% ;(% )$E8;2+,I*@% :8)% $;;8@% +8;(Q8)()8*%
en El Pueblo los escritores Gonzalo de la Parra y en el suplemento dominical,
T(2)(%?A*G$3%G$%'2$*+(@%?,F2$;%p.#I*%^8Q;$G8@%?()+$;,*8%7LE(;8-@%K2-.,*8%
=4%0(;8H()$-%S%>*.8*,8%9()8%S%"(H(),3@%^2X3%'(-.(Y$G(@%5!!g@%:4%MkMe4%Z$%-(Q$%
.(HQ,A*%W2$%9$)H,;(%j(;,*G8%:2Q;,+I%$*%$-.$%:$),IG,+8%E(),8-%().X+2;8-%(%\(E8)%
G$%;(%:().,+,:(+,I*%\$H$*,*(%$*%;(%)$E8;2+,I*%d1(;;$-@%MO5Oe4
Cuando el periódico comenzó a publicarse en Veracruz, tenía limitaciones técnicas
W2$%\2$)8*%-2Q-(*(G(-%(%:().,)%G$%H()38@%+2(*G8%;(%H(W2,*(),(%G$;%W2$%#(QX(%-,G8%
El Imparcial y posteriormente El Liberal%$*%;(%+,2G(G%G$%?AB,+8@%\2$%-(W2$(G(%S%
G$-H(*.$;(G(%d(%:2*.(%G$%H().,;;(38-@%:,*3(-%S%;;(E$-%G$%.8G8%.,:8e%:8)%;(-%.)8:(-%
G$%r;E()8%pQ)$FI*@%(%U*%G$%(+(Q()%+8*%;8-%H$G,8-%W2$%-$)EX(*%(%-2-%$*$H,F8-%
:()(%:2Q;,+,.()-$4%P-.(%H,-H(%H(W2,*(),(%-,)E,I%:()(%:2Q;,+()%La Vanguardia en
Orizaba y El Pueblo@%$*%1$)(+)23%d^(HX)$3%92).(G8@%MO5O@%:45C6e4
P-.$% V;.,H8% +8*.(Q(% S(% +8*% 2*% -$)E,+,8% .$;$F)LU+8% G,)$+.8% :()(% +8*-$F2,)% ;(-%
*8.,+,(-%G$%;(%)$E8;2+,I*4%Z2-%G,\$)$*.$-%G$:().(H$*.8-%+8H8%$H:)$-(%:$),8GX-.,+(%
estaban ya perfectamente diferenciados (se mencionaba incluso un departamento
G$%:2Q;,+,G(Ge@%.$*X(%-$++,8*$-%G$U*,G(-@%+8;2H*(-%$-:$+XU+(-@%F)(Q(G8-%S%\8.8-@%
lo cual constituyó un adelanto considerable respecto a los periódicos anteriores.
Z2% .,)(R$% H(*,U$-.8% $-% G$% 5!4OOO% $R$H:;()$-@%G$% ;8-% +2(;$-% G$-.,*(*% (% ;(% E$*.(%
;8+(;%+,*+8@%[OO@%(%;8-%(F$*.$-%\8)L*$8-%554kg6%S%(;%$B.)(*R$)8%S%E(),8-%dG8*(+,I*%
(%Q,Q;,8.$+(-@%:8)%$R$H:;8e%54gM64%Z2%:)$+,8%$)(%G$%+,*+8%+$*.(E8-4%Z2%$-.)2+.2)(%
G$% G,-.),Q2+,I*% :$)H,.X(% W2$% $;% :$),IG,+8% ;;$F()(% (% .)(EA-% G$% (F$*.$-% (% .8G8% $;%
$-.(G8%G$%1$)(+)23@%"(Q(-+8@%'(H:$+#$%S%l2+(.L*@%&38*(-%(,-;(G(-%G$;%*8)$-.$%
d:().$-%G$%"(H(2;,:(-%S%=2$E8%T$I*e%S%8++,G$*.$%G$;%:(X-%d.8G8%'8;,H(%S%:().$-%
G$%?,+#8(+L*%S%K(;,-+8e/@%.(HQ,A*%(;%$B.)(*R$)8J%P-.(G8-%<*,G8-%S%(;F2*8-%:2*.8-%
G$%Z2G(HA),+(%d^(HX)$3%92).(G8@%MO5O@%:4%5! e4%>*2*+,(Q(*@%(G$HL-@%W2$%$)(*%
&$;% V*,+8% :$),IG,+8% G$% ;(% ;8+(;,G(G% W2$% .,$*$% *8.,+,(-% G,)$+.(-% G$;% $B.)(*R$)8/%
d7$;% 0(;(+,8@% 5!!g@% :4% 5Mkf5M!e4% >G,+,8*(;H$*.$@% $*% H()38% G$% 5!56@% \2$% El
Pueblo W2,$*%)$2*,I%(%.8G8-%;8-%:$),8G,-.(-%G$%;(%;8+(;,G(G%$*%$;%'$*.)8%G$%;8-%
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
[g
Dependientes del Estado de Veracruz, para formar el Sindicato de Periodistas
^$E8;2+,8*(),8-%dEl Pueblo, 5!56@%H()38%MM@%:4%5e4%02$G$%G$+,)-$%W2$%+8*%A;@%
llegó a Veracruz a la modernidad periodística en toda forma.
De los periódicos antes mencionados, sólo pudimos consultar El Pueblo,
Revista Nacional, La Linterna y Marte@% -,$*G8% ;8-% .)$-% :),H$)8-% ;8-% W2$%
:2Q;,+(*% ,*\8)H(+,I*% )$;(+,8*(G(% +8*% ;(% E,G(% +8.,G,(*(% $*% $;% :2$).8% G$%
Veracruz, así como algunas notas sobre la importancia de la prensa, por lo
W2$% $-.$% ().X+2;8% $-.()L% Q(-(G8% $*% ;(% ,*\8)H(+,I*% :)8:8)+,8*(G(% :8)% $-.8-%
órganos.
=8%:2G,H8-%$*+8*.)()%*,*FV*%I)F(*8%G$%:)$*-(%W2$%*8%\2$)(%(G,+.8%(;%)AF,H$*@%
:8)% ;8% W2$% ;(% ,*\8)H(+,I*% 8Q.$*,G(% G$% ;(-% .)$-% :2Q;,+(+,8*$-% H$*+,8*(G(-@%
.$*G)L% :8)% \2$)3(% ;(% H()+(% G$;% 8U+,(;,-H84% P-.8% V;.,H8% *8% +8*-.,.2S$% :8)%
-X% H,-H8% 2*% 8Q-.L+2;8% :()(% .8H()% +8H8% \2$*.$% (% $-.8-% ,H:)$-8-J% G$% $;;8-%
:8G$H8-%*2.),)*8-%:()(%+8*8+$)%+2L;%\2$%$;%:2*.8%G$%E,-.(%G$%;8-%:$),8G,-.(-%
(G,+.8-% (% '())(*3(% -8Q)$% ;8% W2$% 8+2))X(% $*% ;(% +,2G(G% :8).$Y(% $*% ;8-% H$-$-%
$*%W2$%\2$%+(:,.(;%*(+,8*(;%S%-8Q)$%.8G8@%;8%W2$%:$*-(Q(*%W2$%G$Q$)X(%-$)%;(%
prensa carrancista.
LA PRENSA CARRANCISTA EN VERACRUZ
'8H8% S(% G,R,H8-% HL-% ()),Q(@% '())(*3(% G(Q(% 2*(% $*8)H$% ,H:8).(*+,(% (% ;(%
:)8:(F(*G(%G$%-2%)AF,H$*@%:().,+2;()H$*.$%$*%H8H$*.8-%$*%W2$@%$B,;,(G8%G$%
;(%+,2G(G%G$%?AB,+8@%-$%G$Q(.X(%$*%+8*.)(%G$%;8-%E,;;,-.(-%S%3(:(.,-.(-@%)$2*,G8-%
$*%;(%'8*E$*+,I*4%72)(*.$%;8-%H$-$-%W2$%:(-I%$*%1$)(+)23@%$*E,I%(%G,E$)-8-%
:$)-8*(R$-%+$)+(*8-%(%G,E2;F()%;(-%H()(E,;;(-%G$%-2%)AF,H$*%(;%$B.)(*R$)810.
0().$%\2*G(H$*.(;%G$%$-(%:)8:(F(*G(%$)(*%;8-%:$),IG,+8-4%=8%$-%+(-2(;,G(G%W2$%
*8%#2Q,$)(*%$B,-.,G8%:$),IG,+8-%8:8-,.8)$-%(;%)AF,H$*%$*%1$)(+)23@%S(%W2$%$;%
F8Q,$)*8%+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(%$R$)+,I%(H:;,(H$*.$%;(%+$*-2)(%d^(HX)$3%92).(G8@%
MO5Oe4%P*%;8-%I)F(*8-%G$%:)$*-(%+8*-2;.(G8-@%-$%$B:;,+(%+8*-.(*.$H$*.$%+2L;%
debe ser la labor de los periódicos, y en todos los artículos relacionados con
;(% E,G(% +8.,G,(*(@% -8Q)$-(;$% ;(% ,*.$*+,I*% G$% :2Q;,+,.()% ;(% H8G$)*,G(G% W2$% $;%
)AF,H$*%G$%'())(*3(%;;$EI%(;%:2$).8%HL-%,H:8).(*.$%G$;%:(X-4%
El periódico El Pueblo,%\2$%$;%W2$%HL-%-$%8+2:I%G$%)$-(;.()%;(%\2*+,I*%G$%;8-%:(:$;$-%
:VQ;,+8-J%&H(*.$*$)%;(%2*,G(G%)$E8;2+,8*(),(%S%;(%\2$)3(%H8)(;%G$;%F8Q,$)*8/%dEl
Pueblo,%5!56@%R2*,8%56@%:4%Me@%(-X%+8H8%G$%)$,.$)()%W2$%&*,*FV*%)$G(+.8)%G$%$-.$%
:$),IG,+8%)$+,Q$%2*%:$-8%$*%;(%*IH,*(%8U+,(;/%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%R2*,8%56@%:4%Me4%
P;% 8QR$.,E8% G$;% :$),IG,+8% $-% &$B:8*$)% ;(% .$-,-% )$E8;2+,8*(),(@% :8:2;(),3L*G8;(@%
#(+,A*G8;(%+8*8+$)%S%$-.,H()%G$%;(-%H2;.,.2G$-/@%:),E,;$F,(*G8%-,$H:)$%&;(%2*,G(G%
)$E8;2+,8*(),(/%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%R2*,8%56@%:4%Me4
[k
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
En otro número, El Pueblo copia los argumentos del New York Evening Post sobre
'())(*3(%S%;(-%)(38*$-%:8)%;(-%+2(;$-%A;%)$:)$-$*.(%;(%H$R8)%8:+,I*%:()(%)$-8;E$)%$;%
problema del país: Carranza demostró capacidad como Jefe, trayendo a su causa
H,;,.()$-%+8H:$.$*.$-%+8H8%pQ)$FI*%S%j8*3L;$3@%-,*%;8-%+2(;$-@%;(-%E,+.8),(-%G$%
1,;;(%$*%$;%*8).$%-8Q)$%92$).(%*8%#2Q,$)(*%-,G8%:8-,Q;$-4%Z2-%.X.2;8-%;$F(;$-@%:8)%8.)(%
:().$@%-8*%H$R8)$-%W2$%;8-%G$%+2(;W2,$)%8.)8@%G$-G$%$;%H8H$*.8%W2$%\2$%$;%:),H$)8%
$*% ;$E(*.()% ;(% Q(*G$)(% G$% ;(% )$E8;2+,I*% +8*.)(% $;% :8G$)% G$;% 2-2):(G8)% 92$).(4%
q,*(;H$*.$@%$;%#$+#8%G$%W2$%:$).$*$+,$)(%(%2*(%+;(-$%-8+,(;%HL-%$;$E(G(%W2$%;(%G$%
+2(;W2,$)(%G$%;8-%8.)8-%leaders%;8%+(;,U+(Q(%+8H8%$;%#8HQ)$%HL-%(%:)8:I-,.8%:()(%
;;$F()%(%2*(%)$+8*+,;,(+,I*%+8*%;8-%-8-.$*$G8)$-%G$%2*(%G$H8+)(+,(%W2$%-8-.2E8%(%
?(G$)8%S%;(-%(*.,F2(-%+;(-$-%G,)$+.8)(-@%W2$%G$QX(*%-$)%.8H(G(-%$*%+8*-,G$)(+,I*%
:()(%+2(;W2,$)%())$F;8%G$U*,.,E8%G$;%:)8Q;$H(%H$B,+(*8%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%R2*,8%
5k@%:4%5e4
P;%)AF,H$*%G$%'())(*3(%\2$%-,$H:)$%:)$-$*.(G8%:8)%;(%:)$*-(%+8H8%$;%V*,+8%E,(Q;$@%
S% 2-(Q(*% ;(% G$-+(;,U+(+,I*% +8*-.(*.$% G$% s(:(.(% S% 1,;;(@% (% .)(EA-% G$% +(),+(.2)(-%
,*\(H(*.$-% W2$% ;8-% :)$-$*.(Q(*% +8H8% -(;E(R$-@% G$% :8+(% +2;.2)(% S% *,*F2*(%
preparación. También defendieron la decisión de Carranza de trasladar la capital
de la república a Veracruz y atacaron tanto al clero como a los españoles, grupos
)$:)$-$*.(*.$-%G$%;(%)$(++,I*4%18;E$)$H8-%HL-%(Q(R8%-8Q)$%$-.(-%,G$(-4
El Pueblo fue sin duda el periódico de mayor importancia para el régimen en
1$)(+)234%Z2%:8G$)%$)(%.(*%F)(*G$@%W2$%G$Q,G8%(%-2%,*c2$*+,(%E(),8-%-$+)$.(),8-%
G$%$-.(G8%+())(*+,-.(-%)$*2*+,()8*%(%-2-%+()F8-%$*%R2*,8%G$%5!564%"8G8%-$%G$Q,I%
(% 2*% ().X+2;8% :2Q;,+(G8% (% H$G,(G8-% G$% $-$% H$-% :8)% 2*% )$:8).$)8% W2$% $*.)$E,-.I%
al sub-secretario de justicia, don Manuel Escudero. Este personaje informó al
)$:8).$)8%W2$%*8%#(Q)X(%(+.,E,G(G%$*%G,+#(%-$+)$.()X(%#(-.(%$;%)$F)$-8%G$;%F(Q,*$.$%(%
la excapital, la ciudad de México. Cuando apareció la noticia en el periódico al día
siguiente, el señor Escudero redactó una fuerte defensa de su gestión con un
o;$*F2(R$%E,8;$*.8%S%$-+),.8%+8*%E$#$H$*+,(%S%(:(-,8*(H,$*.8@%$*%$;%+2(;@%+8*%:)$.$B.8%G$%
(.(+()%(%$-.$%:$),IG,+8@%#(+X(%(;2-,8*$-%(%E(),8-%+8;(Q8)(G8)$-%G$;%j8Q,$)*8@%+(;,U+L*G8;8-%
+8*% G2)8-% $:X.$.8-@% G$% .(;% H(*$)(% W2$% -2% ;,.$)(.2)(% $)(% ,*+8H:(.,Q;$% +8*% ;(% -$),$G(G% W2$%
)$W2$)X(%-2%(;.8%$H:;$8%S%;(%+8*U(*3(%W2$%$;%:),H$)%K$\$%;$%#(QX(%G,-:$*-(G8%dEl Pueblo,
5!56@%R2*,8%MO@%:4%5e4%
=,*FV*% :$),IG,+8% $*%1$)(+)23% W2,-8% :2Q;,+()% $;% $-+),.8@% :8)% ;8% W2$% $;% (F)(E,(G8%
;8%H(*GI%(%p),3(Q(@%(:()$+,$*G8%U*(;H$*.$%$*%La Vanguardia. El Pueblo%)$E,)I%
$*%.A)H,*8-%E$#$H$*.$-%(2*W2$%+8H$G,G8-%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%R2*,8%56@%:4%Me%-,*%
embargo, estando esa misma noche en producción el periódico, todos los empleados
\2$)8*%$*+$))(G8-%S%:8)%H$G,8%G$%(H$*(3(-@%;8-%:8;,+X(-%S%G$.$+.,E$-%#,+,$)8*%W2$%
o;8-%:)$*-,-.(-%-(+()(*%G$%;(%:)$*-(%;(-%\8)H(-%G$%;(%:),H$)(%S%G$%;(%.$)+$)(%:;(*(@%;;$EL*G8-$%
.(HQ,A*% ;(-% H(.),+$-% G$% ;(% $-.$)$8.,:,(@% (-X% +8H8% $;% .$B.8% G$% ;,*8.,:8% G$;% ().X+2;8% W2$%
apareció en el mencionado número en lugar preferente de la primera plana titulada “Manuel
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
[!
Escudero y Verdugo”, Subsecretario de Justicia, ataca al Gobierno Constitucionalista (El
Pueblo,%5!56@%R2*,8%56@%:4%Me4
T(-%:;(+(-%G$%;,*8.,:,(%W2$%+8*.$*X(*%G,+#8%().X+2;8%\2$)8*%G$-.)2,G(-%(%H().,;;(38-4%
T(%:8;,+X(%-$%;;$EI%.(HQ,A*%M4kOO%*VH$)8-%W2$%S(%$-.(Q(*%,H:)$-8-4%>%;(-%*2$E$%
G$%;(%H(Y(*(%G$;%56%G$%R2*,8@%:2$-.8%$*%+8*8+,H,$*.8%$;%:),H$)%K$\$@%8)G$*I%W2$%
-$%;,Q$)()(%(%;8-%$H:;$(G8-%S%W2$%$;%:$),IG,+8%+,)+2;()(%*8)H(;H$*.$%dEl Pueblo,
5!56@%R2*,8%MO@%:4%5e@%;8%+2(;%;;$*I%G$%+I;$)(%(%P-+2G$)8%S%(%;8-%H,$HQ)8-%G$%-2%
\(++,I*%:8;X.,+(4%T2,-%'(Q)$)(@%-$+)$.(),8%G$%9(+,$*G(%S%')AG,.8%0VQ;,+8@%^(\($;%
s2Q()L*@% -$+)$.(),8% G$% j8Q$)*(+,I*@% K$-V-% <)$.(@% -2Q-$+)$.(),8% G$% ^$;(+,8*$-%
Exteriores y Manuel Escudero y Verdugo, subsecretario de Justicia, presentaron
sus renuncias, las cuales fueron aceptadas por Carranza.
Se trata de una riña entre dos facciones carrancistas, sin embargo este hecho
:)2$Q(%$;%:8G$)%W2$%.2E8%$;%:$),IG,+8@%S%;8%W2$%A-.$%-,F*,U+(Q(%:()(%$;%0),H$)%
K$\$@%W2$G(*G8%G$))8.(G8-%E(),8-%\2*+,8*(),8-%G$%(;.8%*,E$;4
IMÁGENES DE LA VIDA COTIDIANA EN LOS PERIÓDICOS
CARRANCISTAS
T(%$-.(*+,(%G$%'())(*3(%$*%1$)(+)23%H8G,U+I%;(%E,G(%G$%;8-%#(Q,.(*.$-%G$;%:2$).8%
W2,$*$-% E,$)8*% W2$% G$% :)8*.8% -2% +,2G(G% -$% +8*E$).X(% $*% ;(% +(:,.(;% G$% =(+,I*4%
=8%$)(%W2$%;(%E,G(%#2Q,$)(%-,G8%H2S%:(+XU+(%(*.$-%G$%;(%;;$F(G(%G$%;(-%.)8:(-%
+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(-@% S(% W2$% $;% :2$).8% (+(Q(Q(% G$% -$)% G$-8+2:(G8% :8)% ;(-% .)8:(-%
,*E(-8)(-%*8).$(H$),+(*(-4
'8*.,*2(H$*.$%;;$F(Q(*%(%1$)(+)23%(%U*%G$%,*\8)H()%(%'())(*3(%;8-%(;.8-%R$\$-%
G$;%$RA)+,.8%+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(%+8*%W2,$*$-%+8*\$)$*+,(Q(%$*%$;%$G,U+,8%G$%q()8-@%
W2$% #(QX(% .8H(G8% +8H8% -2% )$-,G$*+,(% :$)-8*(;4% >#X% '())(*3(% ;8-% ,*E,.(Q(% (%
+8H$)%+8*%H,$HQ)8-%G$;%F(Q,*$.$%2%8.)8-%-,H:(.,3(*.$-4%P-.(-%E,-,.(-@%R2*.8%(%;(%
;;$F(G(%+8*-.(*.$%G$%8.)8-%)$E8;2+,8*(),8-%H$*8-%,;2-.)$-@%#,+,$)8*%G$;%:2$).8%G$%
1$)(+)23%2*%;2F()%+8*+2)),G8%+2S(%8\$).(%G$%-$)E,+,8-%S%G,E$)-,8*$-%G$QX(%$-.()%
(%;(%(;.2)(%G$%;8-%E,-,.(*.$-%S%G$%;8-%)$-,G$*.$-%.$H:8)(;$-@%-,*%$HQ()F8@%.)($)X(%
8.)8-%:)8Q;$H(-%+8H8%;(%$-+(-$3%G$%E,E,$*G(%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%Mk@%:4%Me4
>% +8*.,*2(+,I*@% .)(.()$H8-% (;F2*8-% G$% ;8-% (-:$+.8-% )$;(+,8*(G8-% +8*% ;(% E,G(%
cotidiana en el puerto, los cuales fueron abordados de manera reiterada en los
:$),IG,+8-%+8*-2;.(G8-4%ZI;8%.8+(H8-%(W2X%G$%W2A%H(*$)(%-$%2.,;,3I%;(%,*\8)H(+,I*%
como propaganda para el régimen carrancista.
T(%H8G$)*,G(G%2)Q(*(%\2$%2*%8QR$.,E8%(%(;+(*3()%$*%$;%:2$).8%G$%1$)(+)23%G$-G$%
U*(;$-%G$;%-,F;8%NDN4% P;%:8)U),(.8%H()+I%;(%*$+$-,G(G%G$%:;(*.$()-$%2*%\2.2)8%
6O
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
“moderno” sobre las bases de la transformación urbana y el mejoramiento
material. Las obras de saneamiento y modernización del puerto, iniciadas en
5kkM%$%,*(2F2)(G(-%$*%5!OM@%\2$)8*%$;%:2*.8%+2;H,*(*.$%G$%$-.(%,G$(%G$%:)8F)$-84%
Veracruz se presentaba como “puerto moderno, higiénico, confortable y funcional
doe%,F2(;%(%+2(;W2,$)(%G$;%H2*G8%S%G8.(G8%G$%.8G(-%;(-%\(+,;,G(G$-%H8G$)*(-/%
d^8*3I*@%MOOC@%:4%[ Oe4%72)(*.$%$;%V;.,H8%.$)+,8%G$;%-,F;8%NDN%S%#(-.(%U*(;$-%G$;%
:8)U),(.8@%$;%02$).8%-$%#(QX(%:)$-$*.(G8%+8H8%2*(%+,2G(G%+8-H8:8;,.(%$*%G8*G$%
+8*E,EX(*% $B.)(*R$)8-% G$% G,E$)-(-% *(+,8*(;,G(G$-@% (-X% +8H8% 2*% ;2F()% \(E8)(Q;$%
:()(%;8-%*$F8+,8-%(%;(%(;.2)(%G$%+2(;W2,$)%8.)8@%di88G@%MOOC@%:4%[[5f[k5e%G$Q,G8%
(% -2-% +(-(-% +8H$)+,(;$-% G$G,+(G(-% (% ;(% ,H:8).(+,I*% S% ;(% $B:8).(+,I*4% "8G(EX(%
G2)(*.$%$;%F8Q,$)*8%G$%7X(3@%-$%+8*-.)2S$)8*%#$)H8-8-%$G,U+,8-%G$G,+(G8-%(%;8-%
-$)E,+,8-%:VQ;,+8-J%$;%G$%;(%>G2(*(@%$;%G$%'8))$8-%S%$;%PG,U+,8%G$%q()8-%dj()+X(@%
5!kg@%:4%5O!e4
Z,*% $HQ()F8@% +8*% $;% $-.(;;,G8% G$% ;(% )$E8;2+,I*% S% $*% :().,+2;()@% (% :().,)% G$% ;(%
,*E(-,I*%*8).$(H$),+(*(%&;(%,*c(+,I*@%;8-%(;.8-%:)$+,8-%G$%;8-%().X+2;8-%QL-,+8-%S%;(%
,*-2U+,$*+,(%#(Q,.(+,8*(;%+8*-.,.2X(*%;8-%H(;$-%U*(*+,$)8-%;8+(;$-%:)8E8+(G8-%:8)%
la destrucción causada por la guerra en las tierras agrícolas aledañas y en las redes
G$%.)(*-:8).$/%di88G@%MOOC@%:4%[66e4%&>%U*(;$-%G$%5!5[@%;(%H(S8)X(%G$%;(-%+(;;$-%
del puerto eran de arena. Casi todas las casas eran de material y constaban de un
:,-8@%(2*W2$%.(HQ,A*%#(QX(%G$%G8-@%-,*%\(;.()%:8)%-2:2$-.8%;(-%E,E,$*G(-%#2H,;G$-%
G$% H(G$)(/% dj()+X(@% 5!kg@% :4% 5O!e4% >% -2% ;;$F(G(@% ;(-% (2.8),G(G$-% +())(*+,-.(-%
tomaron como prioritario el embellecimiento del puerto. Desde principios de
5!56@% ;(% K2*.(% G$%>GH,*,-.)(+,I*% ',E,;% G$% 1$)(+)23% $H:$3I% (% )$(;,3()% 8Q)(-% G$%
urbanismo y embellecimiento de la ciudad “tales como ampliación, prolongación
S%$H:$G)(G8%G$%+(;;$-@%$HQ(*W2$.(G8@%;23%$;A+.),+(/%d0(-W2$;@%5!gM@%:4%5!!e4%P*%
$*$)8@% -$% (*2*+,(% ;(% +8*E$)-,I*% G$;% ?(;$+I*% G$% Z(*,G(G% $*% :(-$8% dEl Pueblo,
5!56@%$*$)8%M[@%:4%Meh%.(HQ,A*%UF2)(%$;%:)8S$+.8%G$%+8*-.)2++,I*%G$;%*2$E8%0(;(+,8%
Municipal y la demolición del anterior para ensanchar la plaza de la Constitución.
"(HQ,A*%-$%:)$E$X(%;(%)$+8*-.)2++,I*%G$%;(%>;(H$G(@%;(%:(E,H$*.(+,I*%G$%+(;;$-@%
;(%+8*-.)2++,I*%G$%2*%*2$E8%)(-.)8@%S%2*%F)(*%:)8S$+.8%:()(%;(%+8*-.)2++,I*%G$%2*%
hospital general (El Pueblo@%5!56@%$*$)8%M[@%:4% e4%T(%)$8)F(*,3(+,I*%G$;%-$)E,+,8%G$%
q()8-%\2$%:)$-$*.(G(%(;%:VQ;,+8%E$)(+)23(*8%$*%2*(%+$)$H8*,(%(%G8*G$%-$%,*E,.I%&(%
las principales familias de esta ciudad” (El Pueblo@%5!56@%H()38%6@%:4% e11.
Estas y otras medidas de embellecimiento y sanitarias (como la presencia del
Q(+.$)$8;8F,-.(%)$+,A*%;;$F(G8%G$%P2)8:(%:()(%+8-$+#()%E(+2*(-%+8*.)(%;(%E,)2$;(%
(Pueblo@%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%Mk@%:4%Me@%\2$)8*%:2Q;,+,.(G(-%(H:;,(H$*.$@%(%U*%G$%W2$%
se considerara al gobierno de Carranza como “progresista y modernizador”. Para
R2*,8@% ;8-% :$),IG,+8-% )$:8).(Q(*% W2$% F)(+,(-% (;% F8Q,$)*8% +())(*+,-.(@% ;8-% +(\A-%
S% \8*G(-% G$% ;(% +,2G(G@% (2*W2$% #(QX(*% (2H$*.(G8% ;8-% :)$+,8-@% +2,G(Q(*% G$% W2$%
;8-%(;,H$*.8-%.2E,$)(*%&+8*G,+,8*$-%G$%:2)$3(%S%G$%Q2$*%F2-.8%G$%+8*-$)E(+,I*@%
bastantes a garantizar al público” (El Pueblo@%5!56@%R2*,8%5C@%:4% e4%El Pueblo
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
65
.(HQ,A*%+8*U(Q(%$*%W2$%;(-%(2.8),G(G$-%.8H()X(*%+().(-%$*%+2(*.8%(%;(%&:;(F(/%
como se consideraba entonces a los limosneros, representantes del atraso12.
>2*W2$% '())(*3(% +8*.I% +8*% :)$*-(% \(E8)(Q;$@% #2Q8% (;F2*8-% )$+;(H8-% G$% ;8-%
:$),8G,-.(-@% $*% .8)*8% (% ;(% G$-$-:$)(G(% -,.2(+,I*% :)$E(;$+,$*.$% $*% 1$)(+)234% T(%
$-+(-$3% G$% .8G8-% ;8-% :)8G2+.8-@% $*% :().,+2;()% $;% (F2(@% \2$% ;(% +8*-.(*.$4% &9(S%
H2*,+,:,8%;,Q)$@%#(S%K2*.(%G$%>GH,*,-.)(+,I*@%;8%W2$%*8%#(S%$-%(F2(@%;8%W2$%*8%
#(S%$-%R2-.,+,(4%T8%W2$%*8%#(S%$-%,*.$;,F$*+,(%$*%$;%-$)E,+,8%:VQ;,+8@%;8%W2$%*8%#(S%
es agua” (La Linterna@%5!56@%R2*,8%M[@%:4%55Ce134%t-.(%S%8.)(-%+()$-.X(-@%-$)X(*%2*8%
G$%;8-%.$H(-%HL-%L;F,G8-%G$;%:$),8G8%S%'())(*3(%*8%:2G8%(+(;;();(-4
T(%,*c(+,I*%\2$%2*%(-2*.8%:().,+2;()H$*.$%(*F2-.,8-8%S%;8-%:$),IG,+8-%*8%G2G()8*%
en abordarlo. Para informar al público lector sobre el particular, un redactor de
El Pueblo, recorrió algunos puestos del mercado interrogando a los comerciantes
-8Q)$% $;% :)$+,8% G$% -2-% ().X+2;8-% S% $;% H8.,E8% G$% ;8-% (2H$*.8-4% Z,*% $HQ()F8@% $*%
E$3%G$%+2;:()%(;%F8Q,$)*8@%(%;(%$-+(-$3%G$%H(*8%G$%8Q)(%8%(%;(%F2$))(@%+2;:(%(%
&+8H$)+,(*.$-%$-:(Y8;$-%-,*%$-+)V:2;8-@%W2$%(+(:()(*%;8-%+$)$(;$-%S%;8-%E$*G$*%(%
;8-%:)$+,8-%W2$%W2,$)$*/%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%5k@%:4%5e4%
P;%#$+#8%W2$%-$%G$-+),Q$%$*%;8-%,H:)$-8-@%$-%W2$%;8-%#(Q,.(*.$-%G$;%:2$).8%$-.(Q(*%%
alarmados ante la carestía de los artículos de primera necesidad, cuyos precios
aumentaban en el transcurso de horas. Particularmente cuando las autoridades
se ausentaban, los comerciantes hacían su agosto, sufriendo las consecuencias la
+;(-$%HL-%G$-:)8.$F,G(%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%M5@%:4%5e4
p.)(% W2$R(% +8*-.(*.$% +8*.)(% ;8-% +8H$)+,(*.$-@% :().,+2;()H$*.$% ;8-% $-:(Y8;$-@%
\2$% $;% (+(:()(H,$*.8% G$;% &+(HQ,8/% dH8*$G(% \)(++,8*(),(e@% :)8G2+,$*G8% &2*(%
+()$-.X(% ().,U+,(;% G$% E(;8)$-% UG2+,(),8-@% S% $H:,$3(*% (% E$*G$)@% +8*% :)$H,8@% $;%
+(2G(;%W2$%-2-.)(R$)8*%G$%;(%+,)+2;(+,I*/%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%R2*,8%5C@%:4%5e4%T8%
W2$% .(H:8+8% -$% H$*+,8*(% $*% $-.8-% :(:$;$-% :VQ;,+8-@% $-% $;% :)8Q;$H(% G$% \8*G8%
G$.)L-%G$%$-.8-%+8H:8).(H,$*.8-J%$;%G$+)$.8%G$%'())(*3(%$;%5%G$%(Q),;%G$%5!56@%
W2$% 8)G$*(Q(% W2$% ;8-% Q,;;$.$-% (*.$),8)$-% W2$G(Q(*% -,*% E(;8)@% :$)8% *8% -$% :)$E,I%
-2-.,.2,);8-%:8)%;8-%*2$E8-4%T(%$-+(-$3%G$%Q,;;$.$-@%(-X%+8H8%;(%+,)+2;(+,I*%G$%;8-%
8G,(G8-%&Q,;,HQ,W2$-/%+())(*+,-.(-@%G,$)8*%:,$%(%;8-%(Q2-8-%G$%;8-%+8H$)+,(*.$-%
W2$%+8Q)(Q(*%+8H,-,I*%:8)%+(HQ,();8-%:8)%H8*$G(-%G$%8)8%S%:;(.(%8%:8)%*2$E8-%
Q,;;$.$-%&,*\(;-,U+(Q;$-/4%',)+2;()8*%(;F2*8-%E$)-8-%:8:2;()$-%-8Q)$%;(%+2$-.,I*J
P;%LF2,;(%+())(*+,-.(
es un animal muy cruel,
se come toda la plata
S%+(F(%:2)8%:(:$;%d7$;F(G8@%MO5O@%:4%[5 f[5Ce4
<*%(-2*.8%)$;(+,8*(G8%+8*%;(%H8G$)*,G(G@%\2$%$;%+)$+,$*.$%+8*-2H8%G$%+$)E$3(%
G$Q,G8%(%;(%;$S%G$%:)8#,Q,+,I*%(;%:2;W2$%$*%1$)(+)23%W2$%+8*%$;%:)$.$B.8%G$%)$-.),*F,)%
6M
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
$;% +8*-2H8% G$% Q$Q,G(-% $HQ),(F(*.$-@% $*% )$(;,G(G% .$*X(% :8)% 8QR$.,E8% &)8H:$)% $;%
H8*8:8;,8% G$% ;(% '8H:(YX(% 02;W2$)(/% dEl Pueblo@% 5!56@% R2*,8% 56@% :4% Me4%>% $-$%
)$-:$+.8@%E(),8-%().X+2;8-%$*%;(%:)$*-(%+8H$*3()8*%(%8+2:()-$%G$%;(%Q8*G(G%G$%G,+#(%
:)8#,Q,+,I*@%)$+8F,$*G8%;(-%G$+;()(+,8*$-%G$%'L*G,G8%>F2,;()@%W2$%;;(HI%(;%:2;W2$%
&\2$*.$%G$%),W2$3(%G$;%+,$*.,U+,-H8/4%P*%;8-%:$),IG,+8-%:2$G$*%E$)-$%+;()(H$*.$%
;8-%()F2H$*.8-%G$;%F8Q,$)*8%)$E8;2+,8*(),8%:()(%:)8#,Q,)%G,+#(%Q$Q,G(@%(G8:.(*G8%
:()(%-X%$;%:(:$;%G$%(G(;,G%G$%;(%H8G$)*,G(G%W2$%G$QX(%&$B.,):()%G$%)(X3%;8-%H(;$-%
:8:2;()$-%W2$%#(*%E$*,G8%+8*-.,.2S$*G8%$;%-8-.A*%G$%;(-%.,)(*X(-%S%$;%)$.)8+$-8%S%
;(%G$F)(G(+,I*/%G$%;(-%*2$E(-%F$*$)(+,8*$-@%:().,+2;()H$*.$%G$%;(%&+;(-$%,*GXF$*(%
+()$*.$%G$%;8-%Q$*$U+,8-%G$%;(%$G2+(+,I*%S@%:8)%.(*.8@%H$*8-%+(:(+,.(G(%:()(%-2%
defensa por sí misma” (El Pueblo,%5!56@%R2*,8%MO@%:4%5e4
T(-%G,E$)-,8*$-%S%8.)(-%(+.,E,G(G$-%G$;%.,$H:8%;,Q)$%-$%:)$-.(*%$-:$+,(;H$*.$%
:()(%G$H8-.)()%$;%F)(*%(G$;(*.8@%;(%F)(*%H8G$)*,G(G%G$;%)AF,H$*4%T(-%(+.,E,G(G$-%
de recreación preferidas por los habitantes del puerto eran la música, el cine y el
.$(.)84%>%R23F()%:8)%;(%$*8)H$%+(*.,G(G%G$%8Q)(-%S%:$;X+2;(-%W2$%-$%H$*+,8*(*%
en los periódicos de la época5[@%-$%E,-;2HQ)(%2*(%$*8)H$%(+.,E,G(G%$*),W2$+,G(%
G$%-VQ,.8%:8)%;8-%().,-.(-%)$+,A*%;;$F(G8-%+8H8%'();8-%'#LE$3@%0)2G$*+,(%j),\$;;%
S%1,)F,*,(%qLQ)$F(-%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%H()38%5!@%:4% e4%
08+8-%-8*%;8-%-(;8*$-%G$%$-:$+.L+2;8-%W2$%$-.L*%$*%\2*+,8*$-@%:$)8%+(G(%2*8%G$%$;;8-%)$V*$%
(%-2%:VQ;,+8@%W2$%-,$H:)$%-(;$%-(.,-\$+#8%+8*%;8%W2$%-$%;$%8\)$+$@%(-X%-$(%2*(%U*(%+8H$G,(%
$*%$;%0),*+,:(;@%8%2*(%&U;H%Gu%()./%$*%$;%+,*$%\(E8),.84%P;%+8;,-$8%G$%;(%+(;;$%G$%PH:()(*%E(%(%
;(%+(Q$3(%G$%;8-%$-:$+.L+2;8-%d-$%)$U$)$%(;%"$(.)8%0),*+,:(;@%(*.$-%7$#$-(e4%>%-2%.(Q;(G8%#(*%
-2Q,G8%$*%;(%-$H(*(@%$*.)$%8.)(-@%;(-%8Q)(-%&>H8)$-%S%>H8)X8-/@%&?L-%\2$).$-%W2$%$;%(H8)/@%
&")(,G8)@%,*+8*\$-8%S%HL).,)/@%&78*%K2(*%"$*8),8/o%$;%")LF,+8%&78*%K2(*/444%Z2-%.$-8)8-%
G$Q$*%-$)%,*(F8.(Q;$-4%7$%8.)(%H(*$)(@%*8%-$%$B:;,+(%$-$%;2R8%+8*%W2$%:)$-$*.(*%(%*2$-.)(%
E,-.(@%:()(%G$-;2HQ)()*8-@%$*%2*(%A:8+(%$*%W2$%;(-%.$;(-%)$+(H(G(-%G$%8)8%*8%-$%+8*8+$*%
HL-%W2$%$*%;8-%+2$*.8-%G$%#(G(-%dRevista@%5!56@%(Q),;%[@%:4%[e4%
p.)8-% $E$*.8-% W2$% -$% )$-$Y()8*% $*% ;8-% :$),IG,+8-@% \2$)8*% ;8-% E,-.8-8-% G$-U;$-%
+8*%;8-%W2$%-$%+$;$Q)(Q(%$;%G$+)$.8%G$%(;F2*(-%;$S$-@%+8H8%\2$%$;%G$%;(%;$S%G$%
7,E8)+,8%$;%C%G$%H()38%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%H()38%g@%:4%5e4%T(%_$)HA-%+$;$Q)(G(%
+8*%U*$-%+(),.(.,E8-%(%Q$*$U+,8%G$%;8-%-8;G(G8-%+(XG8-%S%-2-%\(H,;,(-@%#,38%\2)8)%
$*.)$% ;(% :8Q;(+,I*@% W2$% -$% :)$:()I% +8*% -$H(*(-% G$% (*.,+,:(+,I*% :()(% (+2G,)% (;%
:()W2$%',),(+8%1L3W2$3%W2$%$*%*8HQ)$%G$%;(%&0(.),(%S%+(),G(G/@%-$%.)(*-\8)HI%
“con feerica iluminación durante la noche” (El Pueblo@%5!56@%H()38%5 @%:4%5e4%P*%
este despliegue de modernidad y fantasía, “sin precedente en Veracruz” destacó
la mezcla entre la tradición y la modernidad tanto en la decoración de los puestos
como en las músicas (El Pueblo,%5!56@%H()38%Mk%S%M!@%:4%5e4%p.)8%$E$*.8%W2$%
.2E8%$*8)H$%E,-,Q,;,G(G@%$\$+.2(G8%$*%$-(-%H,-H(-%\$+#(-%\2$%$;%Q(,;$%$*%$;%';2Q%
1$)(+)23(*8% G$% ^$F(.(-@% W2$% ,*,+,I% (% :),H$)(-% #8)(-% G$% ;(% .()G$% S% .$)H,*I% $*%
;(-%V;.,H(-%#8)(-%G$%;(%*8+#$@%,;2H,*(*G8%(%;8-%Q(,;(),*$-% ;(%*2$E(%,*-.(;(+,I*%
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
6
$;A+.),+(% +8*-,-.$*.$% $*% &+$*.$*()$-% G$% H,*V-+2;8-% \8W2,;;8-@% .(*.8% $;% :2$*.$%
+8H8%$;%())(*W2$%G$%;(%-(;(%G$%Q(,;$/%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%(F8-.8%5@%:4%5e4
7$%8.)8%+()L+.$)@%\2$)8*%;(-%+8*\$)$*+,(-%+XE,+(-%8\)$+,G(-%:8)%;(%'8*\$G$)(+,I*%
^$E8;2+,8*(),(% (;% :VQ;,+8% $*% F$*$)(;4% P-.(% (F)2:(+,I*% .$*X(% +8H8% 8QR$.,E8%
“procurar el establecimiento de reuniones periódicas entre los elementos
:$*-(*.$-%G$%;(%)$E8;2+,I*%S%;(%2*,U+(+,I*%G$%+),.$),8-%G$%;8-%G,+#8-%$;$H$*.8-%S%
G$%;(%:)8:(F(*G(%G$%;8-%:),*+,:,8-%2*(%E$3%W2$%-$%#(S(%;8F)(G8%$-(%2*,U+(+,I*/%
(El Pueblo,% 5!5[@% G,+,$HQ)$% 6@% :4% 5e4% T(-% +8*\$)$*+,(-% .2E,$)8*% ;2F()% $*% $;%
"$(.)8% 7$#$-(% W2$% :8-.$),8)H$*.$% )$.8H()X(% -2% *8HQ)$% 8),F,*(;% G$% "$(.)8%
0),*+,:(;4%7,-$).()8*%-8Q)$%G,E$)-8-%.$H(-%;8-%,G$I;8F8-%G$;%+())(*+,-H856.
P-.(-%+8*\$)$*+,(-@%+8H8%-$%(*8.I%HL-%()),Q(@%$-.(Q(*%G$-.,*(G(-%(%&2*,U+()/%
;(-%+8*E,++,8*$-%G$%+,E,;$-%S%H,;,.()$-%$*%.8)*8%(;%:)8S$+.8%:8;X.,+8%+())(*+,-.(%S%
el periódico El Pueblo les dio amplia difusión. Todos los días se anunciaron las
-,F2,$*.$-%S%-$%)$-$YI%;(%W2$%S(%#(QX(%:(-(G8@%G$-+),Q,$*G8%H,*2+,8-(H$*.$%;8-%
argumentos de los conferencistas. Al principio los asistentes fueron claramente
;8-%\(E8)$+$G8)$-%G$;%)AF,H$*J%;(-%&G,-.,*F2,G(-%:$)-8*(;,G(G$-%G$%;(%:8;X.,+(%
y del comercio” ocupaban los lugares preferentes del teatro y ahí se dieron cita
;8-% :$)-8*(R$-% HL-% :)8H,*$*.$-% G$;% +())(*+,-H8@% :$)8% $*% ;8-% GX(-% -,F2,$*.$-@%
-$% (*8.(% W2$% $;% .$(.)8% -$% (Q())8.(Q(% G$% &.8G(-% ;(-% +;(-$-% -8+,(;$-/@% ;;$*(G8%
,*+;2-8%;(-%F(;$)X(-@%F)(+,(-%(%;8-%Q),;;(*.$-%8)(G8)$-%W2,$*$-%;8F)()8*%&-(+2G,)%
;(%:)8E$)Q,(;%(:(.X(%+8*%W2$%:()$+$*%-$)%H,)(G(-%.8G(-%;(-%+2$-.,8*$-%W2$%(.(Y$*%
G$%2*(%H(*$)(%G,)$+.(%(;%:8)E$*,)%G$%;(%:(.),(%$*%)$;(+,I*%+8*%$;%H8E,H,$*.8%
)$E8;2+,8*(),8/%d5!5[@%G,+,$HQ)$%!4%&'8*\$)$*+,(-%+XE,+(-/%El Pueblo@%5e4%Z,*%
embargo, cuando el ciclo de conferencias se reanudó el 22 de diciembre, no
.2E8% $;% H,-H8% AB,.84% P-(% *8+#$@% .8+(Q(% $;% .2)*8% (;% ,*F$*,$)8% ^8;;(*G% -8Q)$%
“La cuestión agraria y su solución en México”, pero la conferencia hubo de
-$)%+(*+$;(G(%S(%W2$%&*8%#(QX(%$*%$;%.$(.)8%HL-%G$%2*%+$*.$*()%G$%:$)-8*(-/@%
S%+8H8%$-.(Q(%G,),F,G(%&(;%:2$Q;8/@%+8*-,G$)I%$;%+8*\$)$*+,-.(%W2$%$)(%H$R8)%
+,.()%G$%*2$E8%(;%GX(%-,F2,$*.$%(%;(%H,-H(%#8)(%dEl Pueblo,%5!5[@%G,+,$HQ)$%MM@%
:4%Me4%=8%-$%+8*-,F*(%;8%8+2)),G8%(W2$;%GX(%S%G$-G$%$*.8*+$-@%;(-%+8*\$)$*+,(-%
se suspendieron.
7,),F,G(-%(%2*%:VQ;,+8%HL-%:8:2;()@%S%+8*%;8-%H,-H8-%:)8:I-,.8-@%\2$)8*%;(-%
&;$+.2)(-% +XE,+(-/% 8)F(*,3(G(-% :8)% ;8-% 8Q)$)8-% G$% ;(% 'LH()(% G$% ")(Q(R8% ;8-%
G8H,*F8-%(%;(-%G,$3%G$%;(%H(Y(*(%$*%;(%>;(H$G(%S%$;%0()W2$%',),(+8%1L3W2$3%%
(Pueblo@%5!56@%$*$)8%MM@%:4%5e4
Parte fundamental del entretenimiento en el Puerto, era acudir a los restaurantes,
+(*.,*(-%S%+(\A-4%P*%$;%:$),8G8%W2$%*8-%8+2:(@%E(),8-%*2$E8-%$-.(Q;$+,H,$*.8-%
abrieron sus puertas, destacando sobre todo la modernidad de sus instalaciones:
6[
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
“El gran café-concierto, restaurant y cantina Salón Rojo”% W2$% G$+X(% -$)% &$;%
;2F()%HL-%E$*.,;(G8%$%#,F,A*,+8%G$%;(%:8Q;(+,I*/%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%R2*,8%6@%:4%[e4%
Otros, como el Salón Bach Restaurante y Café, o el Buena Vista, destacaban la
E(),$G(G%G$%-2-%:;(.,;;8-@%$-:$+,(;,G(G$-%$*%;(-%+8+,*(-%\)(*+$-(%S%H$B,+(*(%dEl
Pueblo,%5!56@%$*$)8%MO@%:4% e4
P;%F8Q$)*(G8)%'L*G,G8%>F2,;()%:)8#,Q,I%G$-G$%*8E,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[%;8-%R2$F8-%G$%
(3()%S%;(-%+8)),G(-%G$%.8)8-@%S%:8)%$;;8@%E(),8-%G$%$-.8-%$-.(Q;$+,H,$*.8-%\2$)8*%
clausurados (El Pueblo@%5!56@%H()38%5g@%:4%Me4
Z$% G,8% .(HQ,A*% $;% )$-2)F,H,$*.8% G$% ;8-% ().X+2;8-% G$% H8G(% $*% +,$).(-% )$E,-.(-%
,;2-.)(G(-% S% :$),IG,+8-4% j)(+,(-% (% $;;8-% *8-% G(H8-% +2$*.(% G$% ;8% W2$% -$% ;;$E(Q(%
$*%(W2$;;8-%H$-$-%$*%1$)(+)23J%2*(%.$*G$*+,(%H()+(G(%G$%;(%H8G(%G$%(W2$;;8-%
GX(-@%\2$%$;%H,;,.(),-H8@%W2$%:()$+$%#(Q$)%+(2-(G8%\2)8)%$*%P2)8:(4%P*%T8*G)$-J%
&;(-% E8;2H,*8-(-% +(:(-% #(*% -,G8% -2-.,.2,G(-% :8)% :$;;,3(-% G$% #V-()$-@% +(:8.$-%
G$% ().,;;$)X(@% F2$))$)(-% S% G8)H(*$-@% W2$% G(*% +,$).8% (-:$+.8% G$% H(-+()(G(% (% ;8-%
:(-$8-o/%d>)H8*E,;;$@%5!56@%R2*,8%C@%:4%5ke4%0()(%>HA),+(@%;(%H8G(%:8G)X(%,)%G$%
(+2$)G8%+8*%;(%-,H:(.X(%:8)%2*8%2%8.)8%$RA)+,.8%$2)8:$8J%F$)H(*IU;8-%8%(;,(G8-4%
Sin embargo, esta moda no parece ser muy apropiada para la condición del país
$*% (W2$;;8-% GX(-@% G8*G$% *8% -$% :8GX(% $-+8F$)% 2*% 2*,\8)H$% -,*% )$+8)G()% (% .8G8-%
;8-% -8;G(G8-% +(XG8-% d>)H8*E,;;$@% 5!56@% R2*,8% C@% :4% 5ke4% T8-% $B:$).8-% $*% H8G(%
G$%;8-%:$),IG,+8-%)$+8H$*G(Q(*%:)$*G(-%W2$%$*%$;%+(;8)%G$%R2*,8%$*%$;%:2$).8%G$%
Veracruz, resultaban ridículas: abrigos de pieles, capas de armiño y manguitos de
*2.),(@%G$%'#,*+#,;;(%8%G$%()H,Y8%:()(%;(-%H(*8-4%d>)H8*E,;;$@%5!56@%R2*,8%C@%:4%
5ke4%
CONCLUSIONES
La prensa carrancista cumplió su función de legitimadora del régimen,
&2*,U+(*G8/% ;(-% 8:,*,8*$-% S% H8-.)(*G8% 2*(% ,H(F$*% G$% H8G$)*,G(G% S% G$%
:)8F)$-8@% (% U*% G$% +8*.)(:8*$);(% (;% :),H,.,E,-H8% G$% 0(*+#8% 1,;;(% 8% ;(-% #8)G(-%
G$% s(:(.(4% P*% ;(-% )$:)$-$*.(+,8*$-% G$% ;(% E,G(% +8.,G,(*(% G$% ;(% +(:,.(;% .$H:8)(;%
G$%;(%^$:VQ;,+(%$*%5!56@%-$%H2$-.)(*@%-,*%$HQ()F8@%:)8\2*G(-%+8*.)(G,++,8*$-%
(%.)(EA-%G$%;(-%:LF,*(-%G$%;8-%:$),IG,+8-4%08)%2*(%:().$@%;(-%G,E$)-,8*$-%:VQ;,+(-%
S% ;8-% )$-.(2)(*.$-% :()$+$*% H8-.)()% 2*(% +,2G(G% +#,-:$(*.$@% E,E(@% +8-H8:8;,.(%
cuyos habitantes –tanto los permanentes como los temporales- son exigentes
consumidores de productos materiales y culturales. Todos los días encontrarían
G,E$)-(-%8:+,8*$-%G$%$*.)$.$*,H,$*.8%S@%G$-:2A-%G$%G,-\)2.()%;(%\2*+,I*%G$%+,*$%
o de teatro, podrían encontrarse con amigos en los bares y restaurantes donde
G$F2-.()% ;(-% HL-% U*(-% Q$Q,G(-% S% ;8-% (;,H$*.8-% :)$:()(G8-% (;% F2-.8% G$% P2)8:(h%
(.(E,(G8-%(%;(%V;.,H(%H8G(4
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
66
Pero por otro lado, se asoma la fea cara de la carestía de los alimentos de primera
necesidad, la insalubridad de las calles y de los productos, el hambre, las epidemias
S% 2*(% +2;.2)(% W2$% -$% *,$F(% (% G$-(:()$+$)J% ;8-% ,*G,8-% Q$Q$G8)$-% G$% :2;W2$% W2$%
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W2$%$;%:VQ;,+8%(-,-.$*.$%(%$-.(-%G,E$)-,8*$-%\8)H(Q(%:().$%G$%;(%A;,.$%+())(*+,-.(4%
Resulta muy difícil saber cómo se conformaban los públicos, sin embargo, resulta
,*.$)$-(*.$%E$)%W2$%;(-%+8*\$)$*+,(-%:8;X.,+(-%F)(.2,.(-%(Q())8.()8*%$;%.$(.)8@%+8*%
;(%(-,-.$*+,(%&G$%.8G(-%;(-%+;(-$-%-8+,(;$-/%S%W2$%2*%:$W2$Y8%F)2:8%(R$*8%(%;(%A;,.$@%
iba a la sección de galería de los cines.
>2*W2$%G$-G$%U*$-%G$;%:8)U),(.8%$;%02$).8%G$%1$)(+)23%)$-(;.(Q(%:8)%-2-%(\(*$-%
G$%H8G$)*,G(G%2)Q(*(%S%G$Q,G8%(%-2%:8-,+,I*%:),E,;$F,(G(%G$%+()(%(;%H2*G8%\2$%
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)$E8;2+,I*%S% -8Q)$% .8G8% ;(% ,*E(-,I*% *8).$(H$),+(*(%H()+()8*%2*% :()A*.$-,-% $*%
este camino hacia el progreso. Con la llegada de Carranza al puerto de Veracruz,
A-.$% -2\),I% .)(*-\8)H(+,8*$-% ,H:8).(*.$-% $*% $-8-% H$-$-% $*% ;8-% W2$% \2$% +(:,.(;4%
ZVQ,.(H$*.$%-2-%+(;;$-%S%-2-%+(\A-%\2$)8*%)$+8)),G8-%:8)%;8-%)$E8;2+,8*(),8-%G$%
primera línea: Carranza y su gabinete, las familias de los altos mandos, artistas
S% $H:)$-(),8-% G$% .8G(% ;(S(% W2$% ;;$F()8*% (% Q2-+()% \8).2*(4%"8G8-% $;;8-% +)$()8*%
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la misma celeridad y fuerza. Los cafés y los hoteles se multiplicaron, otros
*$F8+,8-%c8)$+,$)8*@%;8-%H$*V-%S%;(-%H8G(-%-$%)$U*()8*h%-,*%$HQ()F8%.8G8%$-8%
-$)X(%.$H:8)(;J%+2(*G8%;(-%.)8:(-%+())(*+,-.(-%(Q(*G8*()8*%$;%:2$).8@%2*%*2$E8%
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#(-.(%;(%GA+(G(%G$%5!MO@%+2(*G8%8.)8-%H8.8)$-%)$(+.,E()X(*%;(%E,G(%+8.,G,(*(4
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folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
;(-%E$)G(G$)(-%+(2-(-%G$%\8*G84%<*(%)$E,-.(%G$%8QR$.,E8-%HL-%$*+(H,*(G8-%(%;(%
política, como La Linterna, atacaba a la iglesia, pero nunca habló de las clausuras
de los templos o los despojos a los mismos por parte de las tropas carrancistas
S% :8)% $;% +8*.)(),8% (:)8E$+#I% +(G(% ().X+2;8% :()(% G,\(H()% (% ;8-% $-:(Y8;$-@% #(-.(%
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consultados, producto del carrancismo, desaparecieron cuando el Primer Jefe
G$RI%;(%+,2G(G@%2*(%E$3%W2$%-$%#2Q,$)8*%:8-$-,8*(G8%G$;%$-:(+,8%:VQ;,+8%:8).$Y8@%
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fue capital.
NOTAS
54% >%$-.$%)$-:$+.8@%$-%,H:8).(*.$%+8*-2;.()%$;%Q,$*%G8+2H$*.(G8%().X+2;8%G$%'8;;(G8@%5!!M@%
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E,G(%+8.,G,(*(%(%.)(EA-%G$%;(%:)$*-(4
M4% P;%,H:8).(*.$%.$B.8%G$%n$).#(%<;;8(%5!kC@%#(+$%A*\(-,-%$*%;(%E,G(%:8;X.,+(%S%-8+,(;4%P*%
+2(*.8%(;%;,Q)8%G$%'8)38@%j8*3L;$3%Z,$))(%S%Z_$)),..@%MOO!@%:)$-$*.(%;8-%:)8;$FIH$*8-%
G$%;(%-,.2(+,I*%W2$%,Q(%(%G$-())8;;()-$%:8-.$),8)H$*.$4%
4% <*%(F)(G(Q;$%)$;(.8%G$%;8%W2$%8+2)),I%$*%;8-%GX(-%G$%;(%G$-8+2:(+,I*%$-%(W2$;%W2$%#,38%
>*-$;H8%?(*+,-,G8)%S%W2$%-$%$*+2$*.)(%$*%0(-W2$;@%5!gM@%::4%5k f5kk4
[4% =8-% )$\$),H8-% (W2X% (% ;8-% :$),IG,+8-% W2$% .,$*$*% +,$).(-% +()(+.$)X-.,+(-% G$% $-$% H8G8% G$%
producción: atomización de la producción, no especialización de los trabajadores, no hay
G,E,-,I*%G$;%.)(Q(R8@%.,)(R$-%Q(R8-@%+8*.$*,G8-%:8+8%(.)(+.,E8-%E,-2(;H$*.$%S%:8+8%,*.$)A-%
$*%;(%+8H$)+,(;,3(+,I*%G$;%:)8G2+.84%'\)4%"82--(,*.@%5!k!%S%7$;%0(;(+,8@%5!![%S%MOO6Q4%%%
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desapareció de todos los repositorios del país.
g4% P;% *VH$)8% 5% G$% ^$E,-.(% =(+,8*(;@% (:()$+,I% $;% [% G$% (Q),;% G$% 5!564% P)(% -2% G,)$+.8)%
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El -$H(*(),8%+8*.,*2I%-,*%$;;8-%G8-%H$-$-%HL-4
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
6g
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personajes. Cfr. Valles, 2010.
11. Para contribuir al embellecimiento y salubridad, se pidió a los dueños de las
+(-(-%G$%.8;$)(*+,(%W2$%;(-%:,*.()(*%G$%(32;%dEl Pueblo, 5!56@%$*$)8%MC@%:4%Meh%W2$%
desaparecieran los cables sueltos (Pueblo,%5!56@%\$Q)$)8%6@%:4%Meh%W2$%-$%Q;(*W2$()(*%
las casas y comercios (El Pueblo,% 5!56@% \$Q)$)8% g@% :4% Me% S% W2$% -$% *,E$;()(*% ;(-%
Q(*W2$.(-%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%H()38%55@%:4%Me4
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$*\$)H8-/4%P-%;(H$*.(Q;$%W2$%*8%-$(*%)$+8F,G8-%$-8-%*,Y8-@%:()(%W2$%,*G,W2$*%-2-%
)$-:$+.,E8-%G8H,+,;,8-@%(%U*%G$%W2$%;(-%(2.8),G(G$-%-$%+$)+,8)$*%%G$%;(%*$+$-,G(G%G$%
sus familias, para remediarla en cuanto a sus facultades, pues para ello tenemos un
#8-:,.(;%S%$B,-.$%.(HQ,A*%$*%;(%+,2G(G%2*%(-,;8%:()(%;8-%:8Q)$-4%?L-%-,%$;%,H:$G,H$*.8%
de esa limosna en los labios de las inocentes criaturas fuere un timo, podría entonces
+(-.,F()%-$E$)(H$*.$%(%;8-%:(G)$-%8%\(H,;,()$-%W2$%,*G2+$*%(%;8-%*,Y8-%(%:$)G$)%.8G(%
G$;,+(G$3(%S%.8G8%(H8)%(;%.)(Q(R8@%8Q;,FL*G8;8-%(%,H:;8)()%;(%+(),G(G%:VQ;,+(@%.(;%E$3%
:()(%:)8.$F$)%-2-%:)8:,8-%E,+,8-%dEl Pueblo,%5!56@%$*$)8% 5@%:4% e4
5 4%T(%+()$-.X(%G$%(F2(%-$%G$QX(%(%W2$%:()(%H8E$)%;(-%Q8HQ(-%W2$%-2).X(*%(%;(%:8Q;(+,I*@%
-$%2-(Q(%:$.)I;$8@%W2$%#(QX(%W2$%:(F()%$*%8)84%T(%K2*.(%G$%>GH,*,-.)(+,I*%-8;,+,.I%
H(W2,*(),(%(;%$B.)(*R$)8%:()(%:8G$)%-2).,)%G$%(F2(%(%.8G(%;(%+,2G(G%S%W2$%*8%#2Q,$)(%
*$+$-,G(G%G$%(Q),)%;(-%;;(E$-%G$%;(-%Q8HQ(-%2*(-%+2(*.(-%#8)(-%$*%$;%GX(@%-,*8%W2$%
*2*+(%\(;.()X(%$;%:)$+,8-8%;XW2,G8%dEl Pueblo@%5!56@%H()38%M5@%:4Me4
5[4%Z$%$*+8*.)()8*% M!%\2*+,8*$-%G$%+,*$@%.$(.)8@%HV-,+(%S%+8*\$)$*+,(-%$*%;8-%+2(.)8%.$(.)8-%
G$%;(%+,2G(G@%(-X%+8H8%$*%$;%?(;$+I*%S%(;%(,)$%;,Q)$@%$*.)$%$*$)8%S%(F8-.8%G$%5!564
564%T(%+8*\$)$*+,(%,*(2F2)(;@%$;%GX(%[%G$%G,+,$HQ)$%G$%5!5[@%$-.2E8%(%+()F8%G$;%7)4%>.;%
-8Q)$%&P;%:(X-%S%;8-%:().,G8-@%$;%H8H$*.8%G$+,-,E8%G$%;(%(++,I*/@%;(%G$;%GX(%-,F2,$*.$@%
$-.2E8% (% +()F8% G$;% ;,+$*+,(G8% K$-V-% <)$.(@% W2,$*% G,-$).I% -8Q)$% &T(% (++,I*% -8+,(;,-.(%
)$E8;2+,8*(),(/h%$;%k%G$%$-$%H,-H8%H$-@%D-,G)8%q(Q$;(%#(Q;I%G$%&T(%G,:;8H(+,(%G$%;(%
)$E8;2+,I*/h%$;%!@%T2,-%'(Q)$)(%#(Q;I%G$%&P;%9$))(G$)8%G$%>F2(-+(;,$*.$-/%w)$U),A*G8-$%
(%;(%'8*E$*+,I*fh%$;%GX(%5O@%^8W2$%P-.)(G(%$-+8F,I%+8H8%.$H(%G$%-2%+8*\$)$*+,(@%$;%G$%
&^$E8;2+,I*/h%$;%GX(%55@%:()(%G()%2*%G$-+(*-8%(%;8-%(-,-.$*.$-@%;(%+8*\$)$*+,(%:8;X.,+(%
-$% -2:;,I% :8)% 2*(% E$;(G(% ;,.$)(),8fH2-,+(;% +8*% ;(% :().,+,:(+,I*% G$;% :)8:,8% :VQ;,+8%
E$)(+)23(*8h%U*(;H$*.$@%$;%GX(%5M@%+8*+;2SI%;(%:),H$)(%:().$%G$;%+,+;8@%+8*%;(%H,-H(%
:$)-8*(% W2$% ;8% #(QX(% ,*,+,(G8J% $;% 7)4% >.;% G,-$).I% $*% .8)*8% (;% .$H(% &T(% ^$E8;2+,I*%
H$B,+(*(% $-% ;(% H(*,\$-.(+,I*% HL-% .)(*-+$*G$*.(;% G$;% +8*c,+.8% H2*G,(;/% d?2),;;8@%
j$)()G84%f7)4%>.;f@%5!5[@%G,+,$HQ)$%[@%6@%C@%g@%k@%!@%5O@%55%S%5M4%&T(%)$E8;2+,I*o/%El
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folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
REFERENCIAS
>)H8*E,;;$@%'8*G$-(%G$4d5!56@%R2*,8%Ce4%&0()(%;(-%G(H(-/@%Revista Nacional4%:4%5k4
'(H(),;;8@%?()X(%"$)$-(4%d5!!ke4%&T(%:)$*-(%)$E8;2+,8*(),(%G2)(*.$%;(%$.(:(%+8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(/%
$*%T(2)(%=(E())$.$%?(S(%S%n;(*+(%>F2,;()%0;(.(%d'88)G,*(G8)(-e4%La Prensa en México,
5k5Of5!564%0:4%5!6fMOk4%?AB,+84%>GG,-8*@%i$-;$S@%T8*FH(*4%
'8;;(G8@%?()X(%G$;%'()H$*4%d5!!Me4%&1,G(%S%.,$H:8%;,Q)$%G$%;(%+;(-$%(;.(%+(:,.(;,*(%$*%;8-%.$H:)(*8-%
(Y8-%E$,*.$/%$*%Revista Historias. ?AB,+84%=4fMk4%Z$:.,$HQ)$fG,+,$HQ)$%5!!M@%::4%5O5f5MC4
'8)38% ^(HX)$3@% ^,+()G84% K8-A% j8*3L;$3% Z,$))(% S% 7(E,G% Z_$)),..% j()G*$)4% dMOO!e4% &Z(;$*% ;8-%
F),*F8-@% $*.)(*% ;8-% +8*-.,.2+,8*(;,-.(-4% ?(S8% (% *8E,$HQ)$% G$% 5!5[/% $*% n$)*()G8% j()+X(%
7X(3%S%7(E,G%Z_$)),..4%La revolución Mexicana en Veracruz.%0:4%M !fMkk4%N(;(:(@%1$)(+)234%
j8Q,$)*8%G$;%P-.(G8%G$%1$)(+)234%<*,E$)-,G(G%1$)(+)23(*(4%
'8E8@%K(+W2$;,*$4%d5!! e4%&T(%:)$*-(%$*%;(%#,-.8),8F)(\X(%H$B,+(*(/4%Historia Mexicana,%NTDD@%
d e4%d$*$)8fH()38@%5Cge%P;%'8;$F,8%G$%?AB,+84%?AB,+8@%5!! @%::4%Ck!fg5O
7$;F(G8@%>;\)$G84%dMO5Oe4%1ientos sobre el potrero, revolución y agrarismo en el sur de Veracruz.
Tesis de doctorado en historia. México. CINVESTAV.
7$;%0(;(+,8@%'$;,(4%d5!![e4%La Gaceta de Guadalajara, de Taller artesanal a periódico industrial.
j2(G(;(R()(4%<*,E$)-,G(G%G$%j2(G(;(R()(4
7$;% 0(;(+,8@% '$;,(4% d5!!ge4% &P;% *(+,H,$*.8% G$;% :$),8G,-H8% H8G$)*8% $*% 1$)(+)23/4% Revista
Sotavento.%<*,E$)-,G(G%1$)(+)23(*(@%=4fM4%1$)(*84%5!!g%N(;(:(@%1$)(+)234
7$;% 0(;(+,8@% '$;,(4% dMOO6(e4 !"#$%&'& ()*)+&'+$,-& .) /)+"-+012 Guadalajara, México.
<*,E$)-,G(G%G$%j2(G(;(R()(f?,F2$;%r*F$;%08))V(f%'p=>'l"4
7$;%0(;(+,8@%'$;,(4%dMOO6Qe4%&T8-%,*,+,8-%G$;%:$),8G,-H8%,*G2-.),(;%$*%.)$-%)$F,8*$-%G$%?AB,+8/@%
G,+,$HQ)$%G$%MOO64%9,-.8),(%+8;$+.,E(%G$%?AB,+84%]]]4#fH$B,+842*(H4HB%d+8*-2;.(G8%$;%
5O%G$%(Q),;%MO55e4
7$;%0(;(+,8@%'$;,(4%dMOOCe4%&7,-:$)-,I*%F$8F)LU+(%S%H8G$)*,G(G%:)$+83@%;(%:)$*-(%$*%1$)(+)23@%
5g!Mf5!6O/4%P*%'$;,(%G$;%0(;(+,8%d'88)G,*(G8)(e%Siete regiones de la prensa en México. Pp.
M!f!k4%j2(G(;(R()(@%?AB,+84%<*,E$)-,G(G%G$%j2(G(;(R()(f?,F2$;%r*F$;%08))V(f%'p=>'l"4
j()+X(% G$% T$I*@% >*.8*,84% d5!kge4% &'8*% ;(% E,G(% $*% 2*% G(*3I*J% *8.(-% -8Q)$% $;% H8E,H,$*.8%
,*W2,;,*(),8%G$%1$)(+)23%$*%5!MM/%$*%?(*2$;%^$S*(%?2Y83%d'88)Ge%Actores sociales en
un proceso de transformación: Veracruz en los años veinte.%::4% gf6 4%N(;(:(@%1$)(+)234%
<*,E$)-,G(G%1$)(+)23(*(4
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
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j()+X(%?8)(;$-@%Z8;$G(G4%d5!kge4%&'8.,G,(*,G(G@%+2;.2)(%S%G,E$)-,I*%G2)(*.$%;(%8+2:(+,I*%
G$;(#2$).,-.(% G$;% :2$).8% G$% 1$)(+)23/% $*% ?(*2$;% ^$S*(% ?2Y83% d'88)Ge% Actores
sociales en un proceso de transformación: Veracruz en los años veinte.%0:4%5O6f5Mk4%
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T(H(@%K8-A4%d5![ e4 La imprenta y el periodismo en el estado de Veracruz. Jalapa. Talleres
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0(-W2$;@%T$8*()G84%d5!gMe4%La Revolución en el estado de Veracruz. Tomo II, México.
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imaginarios y contextos: ensayos de historia y cultura en México, 1850-1950.%0:4%5k!fMM[%
México, CIESAS. Publicaciones de la Casa Chata.
^(HX)$3% 92).(G8@% T2+,(*84% dMO5Oe4% Imágenes del olvido. 1914-1994. Discurso visual,
manipulación y conmemoraciones de la Convención Revolucionaria de Aguascalientes.
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>;\)$G8%7$;F(G8%S%?,F2$;%TI:$3%78HX*F2$34%0)$*-(@%)$E8;2+,I*%S%E,G(%+8.,G,(*(%$*%
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Luis Reed y María del Carmen Ruíz Castañeda. El Periodismo en México, 500 años
de historia. ::4MC fMkC4%%?AB,+8J%PG(H$B4
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ataca al Gobierno Constitucionalista”, p. 1.
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del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
61
El Pueblo4%d5!56@%\$Q)$)8%5ke4%&D*c(+,I*/@%:4%54
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62
folios 26, 2011, Facultad de Comunicaciones, Universidad de Antioquia
Revista Nacional4%d5!56@%(Q),;%[e4%&08)%;8-%.$(.)8-/@%:4%[4
Revista Nacional4%d5!56@%(Q),;%[e4%&0)$-$*.(+,I*/@%:4%54
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DD4%0:4%5Og f55kM4%?AB,+84%P;%'8;$F,8%G$%?AB,+84
<;;8(@%n$).#(4%d5!kCe4%Veracruz, capital de la nación.%5!5[f5!564%?AB,+84%P;%'8;$F,8%G$%
México. Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz.
1(;;$-@%^8-(%?()X(4%dMO5Oe4%Hermila Galindo, un sol de libertad. Durango. Gobierno del
Estado de Durango, ICED.
1,;;$F(-@%j;8),(4%d5!!5e4%&Z,F;8%NN/%$*%0(.),+,(%j(;$(*(%d'88)Ge4%Los siglos de México.
0:4%M!6f[5k4%?AB,+84%PG4%=2$E(%DH(F$*4
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1$)(+)23@% 5kkOf5! O/4% P*% K8#(**(% E8*% j)(\$*-.$,*4% El golfo Caribe y sus puertos
Tomo II: 1850-19304%::4%[[5f[kM4%?AB,+84%D*-.,.2.8%?8)(4
del Palacio - La prensa carrancista en Veracruz. 1915
(pp.39-63)
63