! " # $ & ' % # $ # ( ) *+, ($-..*/+ 0 # 1 2 3 , #4 56 3 8 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 ! 7 % 2 3 0 % 2 2 9 2 , • . , • • • 4 ! 9 < # $ ; % 2 3 * : 4 ! ) : 4 4 ; ; = % 2 % 6 % # 3 0 θ = θ . θ = % 3 3 ; $* + % $ 3 = π # = π # # !>!= 9( 6 = 3 = ! 6 1 θ 3 4 6 ! + 0 0 2 θ ? @A '' ? A@& ? ? 'B@ ? ' ?@A ? & '? ? ' ? B?A ? ' @? ? A & ? ?@A A ? ?& ' ?? B ?? ' @ ?? @ ? ? B' ?? A & ? ??@A &? & & ?& $ 3 C # 1 θ &? & ? & ? & ? & ? & 3 θ 2 % 2# 3 % π 6 + !" θ ? A''? ? A?A ? ' AB ? &A &@ ? &???? ? ' ? ? ? &@@ ? A '& ? ?@A & ? ?& ?? B ?? ' @ ?? @ ? ? B' ?? A & ? ??@A 0 1 1 θ 0 1 3 θ θ % C θ = θ θ→ 9 #"$%&" !" # 6 = $ = +∆ = ∆ = +∆ +∆ − ! − < = ( ) + ( ) − = +∆ # = ∆ = ∆ = ∆ = $ ( +∆ + ) ( +∆ (∆ ) + ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ = ∆ + ∆ ∆ ∆ +∆ − ) ∆ = ∆ ∆ = ∆ + ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ + ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ 3 ∆ = ∆ ∆ + ∆ ! θ ∆ 2 $ + ∆ % ∆ → ∆ = ∆ % = !) 6 θ # ) = D& = = ∆ ∆ % 2 ∆ 0 $ $ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ # 3 ∆ !) $ = 6 D = = = #"$%&" $' # 6 = $ = $ 4 3 = = # π − π − π − = $ π − = = . π − π − π − π − = π − = − =− 6 # 2 π − − = = < π − # ) =− . #D 2 =− !) = $ 6 D =− =− =− !) $ 6 & = − D E =− =− = − − − − − − #"$%&" ( " # 6 = $ = $ 4 3 = + = = # = $ 2 − = . # − = < # 1 = < + 4 = − = . #D 2 = !) ' = $ − 6 D E = − = − = !) $ − − A = − 6 2 # = − = = − − #"$%&" $'( # 6 = $ = $ 4 3 = + = = # = $ 2 − = . # − − = < # 1 = − < + 4 =− =− . #D 2 =− !) $ @ = 6 2 # = = − =− =− #"$%&" !$ # 6 = $ = $ 4 3 = − = = # − = $ = − − =− ! − = − − = = $ 2 4 = = . #D 2 = !) $ B = = = = = # 1 !) ? $ = = = = = #"$%&" $ $ # 6 = $ = $ 4 3 = − = = # − = $ = =− ! − − − = − = − = $ 2 4 = − =− . #D 2 =− !) $ = = = − = − =− !) # 1 = $ ! 3 2 3 2# = 3 D − 2 = − = !) = $ ! " = + 8 = 6 # 3 =− = = 6 + − + =− + 2 = 6 ) # !) = $ 6 = 6 = D 6 ( ) = ( )− ( ) = ( )− ( ( ) = ( ) = # $ ; = ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ; = ; ; = = &; = '; = = + A; @; = B; ρ = θ ?; = ; = ; = ; = ; = − − = &; + + − #"$%'"! $% $#) ! %"*! - 3 4 9 # 0 1 = = 3 8 5 8 *+F! 6 = $ 2 ⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ! : " 3 = 8 ! 5 3 # − " ! #"$%&" 6% ) ;2 3 − = = 1 3 1 = = 0 $ !" # = = #2 " = = = 3 = $ 4 3 = 3 + = = − = = = − 2 = . − #D − 2 = !) & $ = 6 − D& = = = #"$%&" $ $' # −( − − ( ) ) ( ) = 6% = #2 =− " =− =− 3 =− $ 4 3 + = = − = =− = #D − 2 =− . − 2 − = =− !) ' $ = 6 − = = = − − = − = − = − = #"$%&" $( "# − = 6% = #2 = " = = 3 = $ 4 3 = + = = 2 = . + #D + 2 = !) A + = = $ 6 D = = = #"$%&" 6% +( ) ( ) ( ) + + $ $'( # = = #2 =− " =− = 3 =− $ 4 3 = + =− + = = 2 =− . #D + 2 =− !) @ $ = 6 + = =− =− =− =− =− =− #"$%&" 6% $ !$ # = + + + + + + = #2 = " = = 3 = $ 4 3 − = = − =− = 2 = . − #D − 2 = !) B $ = + − = 6 = #"$%&" 6% + + = + = + = + + + + + ( − + + + − ) () + $$ $# = = #2 =− " =− =− 3 =− $ 4 3 − = = − = =− = 2 =− . − #D − 2 =− !) ? $ = 6 − = =− =− =− =− $ '; = A; @; B; = ?; ; − ( = = =( = + + − − ) ) ( ) − − − − () ; = ; = ; = &; = '; = A; = @; = B; = ?; = + − − + − − + + − + ',%! ! − + − ! )' )'- %(.' 0 2 3 " " ! 2 ! % = 2# 2 / "0 # = 3 5 / 5 "7 / "7 !) = 2 = 3 !) =− 2 # 3 − = 9 = 3 1# ! 2 9 ? 2 # % 9 ? !) = 2 = = 3 3 # 1 ! 9 !) = ! 2 = 3 3 ; ! = + ; ! = ; ! " − " 4 = ; ! % %1 %1 = !2 ! 3 2 ;! = ;! = + ) "2.! ' $'.' )%.%(! 3 )'- %(.' " (# )! % % 0 = + 2 → 9 0 = + → % ) 1 !) 6 & 1 = + 2# 2 9 3 2 3 / ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? B @ A ' & = 3 ?& ? & ? & ? ?& ?? & ?? & ? ??& ? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ? ???? ? ????? 13 / E? ????? E? ???? E? ??? E? ?? E? ?? E? ??& E? ? & E? ? & E? ?& E? & E? & E? & 0 3 ???? ??? ???B ??'B ? A A?B@ B && '?A &B? @ ?B ?BA B& & &@A ? A ?& ????? &??? &'&A@ '& ? '&&?' A? @ A & A A 'B A @ & A @ A A @ @ 3 A @ @ A @ ? A @ A B' A A A & A & A A& ?' A@B& B ? B '? B ∞ E $ = 3 ∞ 0 % 2#4 0 1 = + = !0 % + ! %* 0 13 # A @ @2 → % 13 2 G ! % →− →∞ → → . . . . A @ @ A @ @ . + " 2+ + < ! 4#"$%'"! )'- 5(.%$ #"$%&" )'- # 6 = # = +∆ = ∆ = +∆ +∆ − 2 = < = +∆ # = ∆ = − +∆ 2 # 0 ∆ + ∆ = ∆ ∆ + ∆ ∆ = ∆ ∆ = ∆ ∆ ∆ + # ∆ = ∆ ∆ + ∆ = ∆ = ∆ 0 ∆ ∆ + ∆ % # = ∆ ∆ + ∆ → ∆ = % → = + = 3 # /0 = → ∆ ∆ + = 8 #D 2 = !) ' $ = − = − = 6 = (− = = ( − − − ) ) − =− =− #"$%&" )'-! # 6 = $ 2 = # = % = D! < = ! )'-! " = 2 = 8 #D D = = !) A $ = 6 + = + + = = + + !2 !) @ $ = = 6 ! 2 5 2 7 = = = = !) B + − = 6 6 3 % # 2 2 2 = = [ + − + − − ] 1 2 = + − − 6 = & − − #"$%&" !/,'"!"$% ) 3 # ! %* 6 = = $ 9 = ! 2 2 1 !) $ 3 3 3 B = + − = 6 + − + − = = + + − + − − ( ( + + ) − ) + − =( ) + − + = " 2# = 6 2 3 3 % 2 = = = !) $ 6 ? = + = + + + + = = =( + + ( ( ) + ) + ) !) = $ = 6 ( )= ( ) ( )= ( ) ( ) − !) $ ; = = = ; = &; '; = = A; = @; = B; = ?; = ; = ; = ; = ; = &; = ; ; + − + ( ( − − + − ) − − + + 6 ! %* , ',%! ! ) ! 4#"$%'"! )-!7 %$ ! )' )'- %(.' 3 $% $#) ! ,)%$ " ' ) + 2 # 3 3 3