El diseño de producto en el siglo XX Un experimento narrativo occidental Isabel Campi i Valls Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència ReconeixementSenseObraDerivada 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons. NoComercial – Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – SinObraDerivada 3.0. España de Creative Commons. This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs 3.0. Spain License. Un experimento narrativo occidental Investigación para obtener el grado de doctor presentada por: Isabel Campi Valls. Directora: Dra. Anna Calvera Sagué. Tutor: Dr. Carles Ametller Ferretjans. Programa EES H0907 Estudios Avanzados en Producciones Artísticas. Departament de Disseny i Imatge. Facultat de Belles Arts Sant Jordi. Universitat de Barcelona. Noviembre de 2015. Imágenes y derechos de reproducción: Las imágenes que se muestran en este trabajo de investigación se utilizan como fuentes básicas referenciales, a título estrictamente informativo y en un entorno académico restringido, sin ningún ánimo de lucro. Las imágenes son propiedad de sus legítimos dueños y, en la versión digital de este trabajo, aparecen enmascaradas para preservarlas de usos indebidos. 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Edificio de la Escuela Granducal Sajona en Weimar, proyectada por Henry Van de Velde. 4. Cubierta del manifiesto fundacional de la Bauhaus, diseñado por Lyonel Feininger. :A)C%B@:>@17,@:A%9:A+,6%,A)C,6%,ABCF1,@:87%@)%+:A>:@B@,7,8+%A+1.1)C6B%+,A0Cb 7%8%AI,):8<71)%AI%?C,A,0,@,+<>%@B,+,6%8B1/C:>@:.,A:@%+:Y?C,8:A,A,8B2%1+,8B1b .1)%+:):8,68C,F:>@:I,)B:YIC8>%@+,,+1.1)1:A,A):6%@,AA186CJ%@B1.1)1%6I):86:AB%66,@,A rp ,@!%6B,@@:>1CA[_@:/@%7%+,6%%C0%CAAB%B%6+,!,17%@` ,8!Y%8A\[2E%6\Y>&/\so\ rq Y1):6,[_%.16:A:.2%+,6%%C0%CA[@2B1)%%6%)C6BC@%ICB:>2%A:)1%6`Y ,8 Y,%8818,I Y,B,@[7$75C+\=8,7%8Y:6:81%YqoooY>&/\qq\ cpsoc $# +,A7%8B,6%+:A>C,AB:?C,0%(2%8A1+:CB161J%+:A):7:%67%)-8I0:A>1B%67161B%@+C@%8B,6% /C,@@%\+,7&AY6:A/%AB:A+,7%8B,8171,8B:I)%6,.%))1<8,@%818A:AB,81(6,AI%?C,+,(2%8 AC.@%/%@A,,8,6):8B,HB:+,C8%B@,7,8+%18.6%)1<8?C,,7>:(@,)2%%6%18AB1BC)1<8I%6:A %6C78:A+,B%6.:@7%?C,18)6CA:0C(:?C,.%)161B%@6,A@:>%I%617,8B%)1<8\ 6 >@18)1>1:Y ,6 >6%8 +, ,ABC+1:A ,@% 7CI ,H>,@17,8B%61AB% I 8: +1.,@2% +,7%A1%+: +,6 >6%8b B,%+:,8:B@%A,A)C,6%A@,.:@7%+%A\18,7(%@/:YC8%+,6%A%>:@B%)1:8,A7&A:@1/18%6,A.C, ,6 C@A: @,61718%@ +,A%@@:66%+: >:@ :0%88,A BB,8Y ,6 )C%6 >@,B,8+2% 61(,@%@ 6:A 17>C6A:A )@,%B1F:A+,618+1F1+C:7,+1%8B,C8%>,+%/:/2%7CI188:F%+:@%?C,A,(%A%(%,8,6%8&61A1A c8:6%):>1%c+,6%A/@%8+,A:(@%A+,6>%A%+:%A2):7:,8,6,ABC+1:+,6%AB,HBC@%AY6:A7%b B,@1%6,AI6%A6,I,A+,6):6:@I6%.:@7%\+,7&A+,C8,H),6,8B,>,+%/:/:YBB,8,@%C8>,@b A:8%4,(%AB%8B,,H)-8B@1):?C,A,0%66%(%7CIF18)C6%+:%6%A,)B%7%J+,1AB%\7>@172%%ACA 6,))1:8,AC8)%@&)B,@.C,@B,7,8B,,A>1@1BC%61AB%,18B,8B%(%0%),@%+,>B:A7,+1%8B,C8@-b /17,8+,F1+%7CI%A)-B1):\ , %)C,@+: ):8 6% .16:A:.2% %@B,A%8%Y ,8 6% %C0%CA A, >@:/@,A%@2% ,8 6:A ,ABC+1:A A,/D8 ,6 7:+,6:/@,71%6[%6>@17,@81F,6+,_%>@,8+1J`6,AC),+,@2%,6+,_:.1)1%6`>%@%:(B,8,@.18%6b 7,8B,,6B2BC6:+,_7%,AB@:`A1A,AC>,@%(%,6,H%7,8,86%):@@,A>:8+1,8B,&7%@%+,@b B,A%8:A\%)%>%)1+%++,188:F%)1<8+,6%%C0%CA+,!,17%@YC8%F,JAC>,@%+:A6:A>@17,b @:A%9:A+,>,8C@1%Y.C,.%F:@,)1+%>:@C8A1AB,7%+,%>@,8+1J%4,,86:AB%66,@,A+:8+,6:A %6C78:AB@%(%4%(%8BCB:@1J%+:A>:@C8_7%,AB@:+,6%.:@7%`gC8%@B1AB%hIC8_7%,AB@:+, B%66,@`g%@B,A%8:h\AB,A1AB,7%A17C6B&8,:+,B%66,@b+:),8)1%,@%6:?C,+1AB18/C2%6%%C0%CA +,:B@%A,A)C,6%A@,.:@7%+%A\,A>C-A+,B@,A%9:A+,7C)0:AB1BC(,:AY0%)1%pxqq,6A1AB,b 7%(1>:6%@,7>,J<%):8A:61+%@A,I6:A@,AC6B%+:A>%@,)2%8,A>,@%8J%+:@,A\ 8 >@:(6,7% 18A:6C(6, .C, 6% 18AB%6%)1<8 +,6 B%66,@ +, ),@&71)% ?C, A, C(1)< .18%67,8B, ,8 :@8(C@/Y%C8:Aro7\+,!,17%@I?C,:(61/%(%%B@%(%4%@%6:A%6C78:A,8):8+1)1:8,A 7CI>@,)%@1%A\%A+1.1)C6B%+,A7%B,@1%6,A8:A1/81.1)%@:8C8:(AB&)C6:>%@%?C,,6B%66,@+, ),@&71)%%A2):7:,6+,B,41+:A.C,@%86:A>@17,@:A,8A,@@,8B%(6,AI,8@,)1(1@,8)%@/:A+, 6%18+CAB@1%\6B%66,@B,HB16.C,:)C>%+:)%A128B,/@%7,8B,>:@7C4,@,AI%?C,6%%+7181AB@%b )1<8+,6%,A)C,6%):8A1+,@%(%?C,-Ab B%,@%AC%)B1F1+%+_8%BC@%6`,18B,8B%b (% >,@AC%+1@6%A >%@% ?C, 8: ,8B@%@%8 ,8:B@:AB%66,@,A_17>@:>1:A`+,ACA,b H:Y B%6,A ):7: )%@>18B,@2% : 7,B%6,A\ @<81)%7,8B, ,6 B%66,@ B,HB16 66,/< % A,@ C8:+,6:A7&A@,8B%(6,A+,6%,A)C,6%\ %@% @:>1CAY ,6 B,%B@: ,@% C8 7,+1: 1+,%6 +, 18B,/@%)1<8 +, 6:A >@:(6,7%A +,6,A>%)1:Y,6)C,@>:Y,67:F171,8B:Y6% .:@7%Y6%6CJY,6):6:@I,6A:81+:+,7:b +: ?C,Y (%4: AC +1@,))1<8Y ,6 B%66,@ +, B,%B@: BCF: C8 17>:@B%8B2A17: >%>,6 5. Reconstrucción de los figurines del Ballet Triádico >,+%/</1):\,A+,pxqr0%AB%pxqx.C, de Oscar Schlemer. +1@1/1+: >:@ ,6 ,H),6,8B, %@B1AB% A)%@ )06,77,@?C1,8Y>%@B1,8+:+,6,H>@,A1:81A7:Y.C,,F:6C)1:8%8+:0%)1%C8):8),>B:7&AA,)Cb 6%@1J%+: I ,H>,@17,8B%6 +, 6% %))1<8 +@%7&B1)%\ %@% )06,77,@Y ,6 )C,@>: 0C7%8: ,@% ,6 ,6,b 7,8B:),8B@%6+,C8%A>%8B:717%AI+%8J%A,86%A?C,-AB,%+?C1@2%):8)1,8)1%+,A271A7:,8 @,6%)1<8):8,6,A>%)1:,8,6?C,A,7:F2%\C/@%8188:F%)1<8):8A1AB2%,86%):8,H1<8?C, cpspc $# ,AB%(6,)2% ,8B@, ,6 )C,@>: ,8 7:F171,8B: I 6% %@?C1B,)BC@% ):7: .,8<7,8: ,A>%)1%6\ CA :(@%A7&A6:/@%+%A.C,@:8,6%66,B@1&+1):I,6%66,B,)&81):Y(%A%+:,8,6):8),>B:+,6% _/,:7,B@2% +, 6% ,A),8%`Y A,/D8 ,6 )C%6 6%A .1/C@%A /,:7-B@1)%A ?C, 6:A (%16%@18,A @,):@@2%8 ,@%81+-8B1)%A%6%A.:@7%A+,6%A.1/C@%A+,6:A>,@A:8%4,A\ >,A%@+,?C,,67%81.1,AB:.C8+%)1:8%6%6C+2%18A1AB,8B,7,8B,%6%%@?C1B,)BC@%Y-AB%8:A, >:+2%B:+%F2%,8A,9%@>:@.%6B%+,7,+1:A,):8<71):AY+,7:+:?C,@:>1CA+1:.%)161+%+,A %6:A,ABC+1%8B,A>%@%?C,):6%(:@%@%8,8ACA>@:>1:A>@:I,)B:A\8pxqoY,6,ABC+1:+,@:b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b +CAB@1%\ :A ,8)%@/:A ,HB,@1:@,A I 6%A %)B1BC+,A ,H)-8B@1)%A ,8.@,8B%@:8 % @:>1CA I % BB,8 ?C1,8Y%+,7&A+,+1@1/1@,6C@A:@,61718%@Y,@%7%,AB@:+,.:@7%+,F%@1:AB%66,@,A\1,8b B@%A,6>@17,@::>18%(%?C,6:A,8)%@/:A,@%88,),A%@1:A>%@%,F1B%@,6%1A6%71,8B:+,6%,Ab )C,6%Y,6A,/C8+::>18%(%?C,-AB:A+,AF1@BC%(%86%6%(:@>,+%/</1)%\%7,8B%(6,7,8B,Bb B,8%(%8+:8<6%,A)C,6%,8%(@16+,pxqr>,@:,66:B,82%6%F1@BC++,+,4%@%@:>1CA6%F2%61b (@,0%)1%C8%.:@7%)1<8+,):@B,7&AB-)81):I@%)1:8%6\ 6. Primer sello de la Bauhaus, Karl Peter Röhl, 1919. 7. Segundo sello de la Bauhaus, Oscar Schlemer, 1921-1922. 8:+,6:AA1/8:A>@,)C@A:@,A+,,AB,)%7(1:0%(2%A1+:6%%+:>)1<8+,C88C,F:A,66:+1A,b 9%+:>:@A)%@)06,77,@,8pxqpY?C,ACAB1BC2%6:A%8B1/C:A,7(6,7%A7,+1,F%6,AY>:@C8 /,:7,B@1J%+:IA,F,@:>,@.160C7%8:18A)@1B:,8C8)2@)C6:\&AJ6<:0:6I%/IYC8F,@A&B16 .:B</@%.:YB1></@%.:I+1A,9%+:@0D8/%@:>%@B1+%@1:+,6%AB,A1A+,6):8AB@C)B1F1A7:@CA:YA,b @2%,6>@18)1>%6%61%+:+,@:>1CA,86%@,.:@7%?C,A,%8C8)1%(%\C18.6C,8)1%A,+,4<A,8B1@ B%8B:,8,6C@A:@,61718%@):7:,86:AB%66,@,A+:8+,>:@>@17,@%F,JA,%(:@+<,6+1A,9: +,A+,C8>,@A>,)B1F%:(4,B1F%I.C8)1:8%6,8:>:A1)1<8+1@,)B%):8%?C,66:A>@:.,A:@,A?C, +,.,8+2%86%%)B1F1+%+%@B2AB1)%):7:C8%@,F,6%)1<8,A>1@1BC%6\ cpsqc $# , B:+:A 7:+:AY ,6 )%7(1: +, :@1,8B%)1<8 +, 6% ,A)C,6% A, 0%66%(% @,.:@J%+: >:@ +1F,@A:A .%)B:@,A,HB,@8:A,8B@,6:A)C%6,AA,):8B%(%6%18.6C,8)1%+,6/@C>:I+,6%@,F1AB%0:6%8+,A% 6%(*\,A+,pxqpAC62+,@,1+,<6:/:0,:F%8:,A(C@/A,0%(2%18AB%6%+:,8!,17%@,Ab >,@%8+:):8,66::(B,8,@C8%>6%J%+,>@:.,A:@,86%,A)C,6%+,@:>1CA\1,8B@%AB%8B:17b 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Construcción niquelada, curso preliminar de László Moholy Nagy, 1921. 10. 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Peter Keler: cuna, 1922. 15. Marcel Breuer: mesitas nido/taburetes para la Bauhaus, 1925-1926. 18,7(%@/:Y+C@%8B,6%+1@,))1<8+,,I,@A,)@1B1)<%?C,6_,A8:(1A7:7:+,@8:`+,67:b (161%@1:YA,.:7,8B<C8%7,B1)C6:A%18F,AB1/%)1<8+,6:A>@:(6,7%A.C8)1:8%6,AIA,>@:)Cb @<0%),@C8+1A,9::@1,8B%+:0%)1%:(4,B1F:A+,,):8:72%ICB161+%+A:)1%6\8pxqxY%ACb 71<6%+1@,))1<8+,6B%66,@6.@,+@8+BIA,.C8+1,@:86:AB%66,@,A+,)%@>18B,@2%Y7,B%6I >18BC@%7C@%6,8C8:A:6:+,AB18%+:%6,?C1>%71,8B:+,6%F1F1,8+%:(@,@%IA,%817<% 6:A%6C78:A%)@,%@/@C>:A%CB<8:7:A?C,+,A%@@:66%(%8>@:I,)B:A):7>6,B:A+,18B,@1:b @1A7:)CI:A0:8:@%@1:A6,AA,@F2%8>%@%)C(@1@6:A/%AB:A+,,A):6%@1+%+\ :A 7C,(6,A +1A,9%+:A ,8 ,AB% ->:)% ,@%8 (&A1)%7,8B, >,?C,9:AY 61/,@:A I >6,/%(6,A I >@,A,8B%(%8B1>:6:/2%A7CI188:F%+:@%A?C,.C,@:8+,/@%8CB161+%+>%@%,6,?C1>%71,8b B:+,,A)C,6%AIF1F1,8+%AA:)1%6,A\tp PDQDQD+5++!3 !,!5+!4 AB,B%66,@A,@2%C8:+,6:A?C,Y):8,6B1,7>:Y+%@2%7,4:@,AI7&A,A>,)B%)C6%@,A@,AC6b B%+:A\C+,A%@@:66:,8!,17%@A,+,(1<%6%,8,@/2%I,H),6,8B,A):8:)171,8B:A+,6+1b @,)B:@B-)81):0@1AB1%8,66\%AB%pxqrYBCF:%:0%88,ABB,8):7:7%,AB@:+,6%.:@7% I+,A+,,AB,%9:0%AB%pxqwY%&AJ6<:0:6Ib%/I\ C@%8B,6:A>@17,@:A%9:AY6%>@:+C))1<8A,:@1,8B<0%)1%6%18F,AB1/%)1<8+,>@:(6,7%A .:@7%6,A,8:(4,B:A+,CA:):B1+1%8:B%6,A):7:A%7:F%@,AY)%8+,6%(@:AY),81),@:AY4C,b /:A +, B- I )%.-\ 6 @,>,@B:@1: +, .:@7%A /,:7-B@1)%A I AC>,@.1)1,A >C61+%A 6,A +%(% C8% /@%8>,@A:8%61+%+I%C8?C,>:@@,/6%/,8,@%6A,,4,)CB%(%8>1,J%AD81)%AY-AB%A0C(1,@%8 >:+1+:>@:+C)1@A,18+CAB@1%67,8B,+,0%(-@A,6:>@:>C,AB:\tq tp ,@ YF%F:8[_6B%66,@+,)%@>18B,@2%,18B,@1:@1A7:` ,8 Y,%8818,Z Y,B,@[2E%6\Y>&/A\soqbspq\ tq 6/C8:A7:+,6:A+,,AB%->:)%A,,+1B%8%)BC%67,8B,):7:>1,J%A+,>@,AB1/1: >:@6%,7>@,A%1B%61%8%6,AA1\ cptvc $# 16. Marianne Brandt: tetera, 1924. 17. Wilhelm Wagenfeld: lámpara de sobremesa MT9-ME, 1924. >%@B1@+,6%A):8A1/8%AA:(@,%@B,IB-)81)%I):86%+1@,))1<8+,:0:6Ib%/IY,6B%66,@ A, :@1,8B%@2% )6%@%7,8B, 0%)1% ,6 +1A,9: +, :(4,B:A +, >@:+C))1<8 A,@1%+%\ :A %6C78:A 7&A(@166%8B,A+,,AB%A,))1<8.C,@:8%@1%88,@%8+BI!160,67!%/,8.,6+tr)CI:A+1b A,9:A+,6&7>%@%AA,0%8):8F,@B1+:,8%CB-8B1):A)6&A1):A+,6%7:+,@81+%+\@%8+B+1b A,9<C8%/@%8F%@1,+%++,6&7>%@%A+,>1-Y+,A:(@,7,A%Y+,>%@,+I+,7,A1B%+,8:)0, %>%@B1@+,)@1B,@1:A@%+1)%67,8B,.C8)1:8%6,AIA180%),@):8),A1:8,A%6%7&A72817%:@b 8%7,8B%)1<8 : @,.,@,8)1% % 6% B@%+1)1<8\ :A 7%B,@1%6,A ,7>6,%+:A ,@%8 B2>1)%7,8B, 18b +CAB@1%6,A g%6C7181:Y %),@: )@:7%+:Y )@1AB%6h I 7C)0%A +, ,66%A ):8B%(%8 ):8 ,6,7,8B:A %@B1)C6%+:A?C,>,@71B2%8C8>,@.,)B:%4CAB,+,6%A):8+1)1:8,A6C7281)%A%7(1,8B%6,A\ %A6&7>%@%A+,6B%66,@+,7,B%6,A.C,@:8>@:+C)1+%A):8/@%8-H1B:>:@6%A,7>@,A%AAb @%7+,,@628I=@B18/l%B01,A,8+,,1>J1/\,A>C-A+,6%+171A1<8+,:0:6Ib%/IYI ):18)1+1,8+:):86%A8C,F%A+1@,)B@1),A>@:+C)B1F1AB%A+,,I,@Y,6B%66,@+,7,B%6,A+,4< +,A,@C8B%66,@):8>@:/@%7%18+,>,8+1,8B,>%@%18B,/@%@A,,8,6B%66,@+,7:(161%@1:I% ?C,-AB,A,+,+1)%(%7&A%6%18F,AB1/%)1<8I,6+,A%@@:66:+,8C,F%AB1>:6:/2%AI%6%%>61b )%)1<8+,8C,F:A7%B,@1%6,A>%@%6%>@:+C))1<8,8A,@1,?C,%6%,8A,9%8J%+,C8:.1)1:\ts PDQDRD/45++!3!4 !&,13!-5; 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Joost Schmidt: cartel para la exposición de la Bauhaus de 1923 en Weimar. 19. Herbert Bayer: alfabeto Universal, 1925. C%8+:1,AF%8+,@:0,66,/<%6%+1@,))1<8,7>,J%@:86:A>@:(6,7%A>:@?C,-AB,8: ,AB%(%+,%)C,@+:):86:A7-B:+:A+,)071+B\,A>C-A+,+1F,@A%A>C/8%A18B,@8%AY,6 B%66,@ ,7>,J< % 6%8/C1+,),@ )1@)C8A)@1(1-8+:A, % 6% ,8A,9%8J% +, >@:I,)B:A q I %@B,A /@&.1)%A\,A%>%@,)1<,8pxrr%8B,A+,6%)6%CAC@%+,.181B1F%+,6%,A)C,6%\tv PDQDSD+5++!3 !326&5!563 :7:A,+14:%6>@18)1>1:Y,6B%66,@+,%@?C1B,)BC@%8:>C+:>:8,@A,,87%@)0%,8!,17%@\ ,AC6B% A:@>@,8+,8B, ?C, 71,8B@%A ,6 7%81.1,AB: .C8+%)1:8%6 18F:)%(% 6% %@?C1B,)BC@% ):7:%)B1F1+%+18B,/@%+:@%+,B:+%A6%A%@B,AY-AB%8:,7>,J%@%%17>%@B1@A,0%AB%pxqv I%,8,AA%C\,/D8>%@,),Y,H1AB,>:)%+:)C7,8B%)1<8A:(@,,AB,B%66,@,8,6?C,A,7%b B@1)C6%@:87CI>:):A%6C78:AcC8:A+1,J>:@A,7,AB@,cY%6/C8:A+,6:A)C%6,AB@%(%4%(%8 ,8,6,ABC+1:+,@:>1CAY6:)C%6A1/81.1)%?C,7C)0:A>@:I,)B:A>C(61)%+:A,86%@,F1AB% +,6%%C0%CA8:.C,@:8,8@,%61+%+,4,)CB%+:A,86%,A)C,6%A18:,8AC,ABC+1:\ 20. Georg Muche, taller de Walter Gropius y talleres de la Bauhaus: “Haus am Horn”, Weimar, 1923. :A1(6,7,8B,0%AB%6%66,/%+%+,%88,A,I,@6%%@?C1B,)BC@%A,0%(2%):8A1+,@%+:):7: C8%%)B1F1+%+%@B2AB1)%7&AI>@C,(%+,,66:,A?C,6:AB@%(%4:A@,%61J%+:A>%@%6%)%A%:7b 7,@.,6+A,):8B,7>6%(%8):7:C8,4,@)1)1:+,,H>@,A1:81A7:71,8B@%A?C,6:A+,6%_%CA %7:@8`Y@,%61J%+:A,8pxqrYA,):8B,7>6%(%8):7:C8,4,@)1)1:+,8,:>6%AB1)1A7:\ tv ,@YB,[_%17>@,8B%+,!,17%@\%A:(@%A+,6B%66,@/@&.1):`Y _%17>@,8B%I,6B%66,@+,>C(61)1+%+`,8 Y,%8818,Z ,B,@[2E%6\Y>&/A\swobsxv\ cpuoc $# ,I,@)@,2%?C,6%,8A,9%8J%+,6%%@?C1B,)BC@%+,(2%):7(18%@6%)@,%)1<8):86%):8Ab B@C))1<8I?C,-AB%+,(2%,8.:)%@A,+,A+,C8>C8B:+,F1AB%,AB@1)B%7,8B,.C8)1:8%6\% >%A1<8+,,I,@>:@6%A.:@7C6%)1:8,A7%B,7&B1)%A):8.,@1@2%%6:AB@%(%4:A+,6:A%6C7b 8:AC8)%@&)B,@)1,8B1.1AB%?C,>@,B,8+2%6,/1B171J%@)C%6?C1,@+,)1A1<8+,B1>:>@:I,)BC%6 A:(@,6%(%A,+,6%,H)6CA1<8+,6,6,7,8B:1@@%)1:8%6:,7:)1:8%6\ 21. Hannes Meyer, Hannes Wittwer y taller de arquitectura de la Bauhaus: pabellones de la Escuela de la Confederación de Sindicatos Alemanes, 1928-1930. :@7:B1F:A:@/%81J%B1F:AI,):8<71):A6:A)C@A:A8:,7>,J%@:8%17>%@B1@A,):8@,/C6%b @1+%+0%AB%pxqw):18)1+1,8+:):86%B:7%+,>:A,A1<8+,,I,@+,6)%@/:+,+1@,)B:@+, 6%%C0%CA\:8B%8+:):86%):6%(:@%)1<8+,ACA:)1:%8A!1BBG,@Y,I,@,AB@C)BC@<C8 >6%8 +, ,ABC+1:A +, )%@&)B,@ >@:.,A1:8%6 ,8 ,6 ?C, A, ):8B,7>6%(% ,6 >%A: >:@ ,6 C@A: @,61718%@7&A+:A)C@A:A+,B%66,@,86:A?C,Y%>%@B1@+,6)C%@B:A,7,AB@,YA,):7(18%(% 6% @,%61J%)1<8 +, >@:I,)B:A ):8 6%A )6%A,A +, B,:@2% I B,)8:6:/2% 0%AB% 6% /@%+C%)1<8\ % A,))1<8+,%@?C1B,)BC@%A,+1F1+2%,8+:A[:8AB@C))1<8g+1(C4:+,>6%8:AIB-)81)%h,8b B,@1:@1A7:g)%@>18B,@2%YB%66,@7,B%6D@/1):Y>18BC@%7C@%6IB,41+:Ah\ ,I,@):8B@%B<%F%@1:A>@:.,A:@,A8C,F:A,8B@,6:A?C,)%(,+,AB%)%@%6(@166%8B,C@(%b 81AB% C+G1/ 16(,@A,17,@ ?C, .C, ,8)%@/%+: +, 6%A )6%A,A +, ):8AB@C))1<8Y +, +1A,9: ):8AB@C)B1F:I+,C@(%81A7:\ 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Escuela de Arte de Frankfurt. 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Anuncio de la clase de diseño de carteles dirigida por Julius Klinger en la Reimann Schule, 1911. 24. 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Alumnos de los VKhUTEMAS con sus modelos. 86%A.%)C6B%+,A:@1,8B%+%A7&A,A>,)2.1)%7,8B,%6%>@:+C))1<8cB,HB16,AY),@&71)%Y7%+,@%I 7,B%6cB%7>:):,6):7>@:71A:):8,6:8AB@C)B1F1A7:.C,%(A:6CB:\8,6)%A:+,6%.%)C6B%++, +1A,9:B,HB16Y,66:8:A1/81.1)<C8%@,/@,A1<80%)1%6:A,AB%7>%+:AB@%+1)1:8%6,AA18:7&A(1,8C8 %(%8+:8:+,6:A7:B1F:A%(AB@%)B:A:/,:7-B@1):A0%)1%7:B1F:A_B,7&B1):A`:+,_>@:>%/%8+%` ,86:A?C,A,CB161J%(%8,6,7,8B:A+,6%B-)81)%c(:7(166%AY,8/@%8%4,AYB@%)B:@,AYB@,8,AY,B)\c: +,6%@,F:6C)1<8c,AB@,66%A@:4%AY0:),AI7%@B166:Ac>%@%18AB@C1@%6>C,(6:7,+1%8B,17&/,8,A\ % %)C6B%++,@?C1B,)BC@%Y%C8?C,7%8B,82%C8%>%@B,+,>@:.,A:@%+:%+A)@1B:%6%B,8+,8)1% %)%+-71)%Y+%+%6%8%BC@%6,J%+,ACA:(4,B1F:A):8AB@C)B1F:AIA:)1%6,A.C,,8)%7(1:C8%+,6%A 7&A>@:+C)B1F%A,8@,6%)1<8%61+,%@1:@%)1:8%61AB%I):8AB@C)B1F1AB%\C@%8B,6:A%9:AF,18B,Y.C, 6%,A)C,6%+,%@?C1B,)BC@%7&A17>:@B%8B,+,6%81<8:F1-B1)%Y6%)C%6,@%):8B,7>6%+%%AC F,J):7:.:@:+,+,(%B,>@:.,A1:8%6I),8B@:+,18F,AB1/%)1<8):8AB%8B,+,6:A):8),>B:A@,6%b B1F:A%6%(%A,B,<@1)%+,6%8C,F%%@?C1B,)BC@%\,B:+:A7:+:AY6:A,ABC+1%8B,A+,6% %)C6B%++, @?C1B,)BC@%8:):6%(:@%(%8Y):7:A,@2%+,,A>,@%@Y):86%A.%)C6B%+,A+,7%+,@%81):86%+, 7,B%6?C,,AB%(%818F,AB1/%8+:,8,6B,@@,8:+,6+1A,9:+,18B,@1:@,AI+,7:(161%@1:\AB%.%6B% +,)::@+18%)1<8,8B@,.%)C6B%+,A.C,C8>@:(6,7%)@<81):%6?C,A,%9%+2%6%+1F1A1<8+,6>@:.,b A:@%+:,8B@,A.%))1:8,A?C,6C)0%(%8>:@6%0,/,7:82%+,AC:>)1<8%@B2AB1)%[6%274%56g>18B:b @,A+,)%(%66,B,h6%46 52*%5I6%.,56476%:%56G24.76%:%56EAB%D6B17%:>)1<8A<6:,@% +:718%8B,,8,6C@A:@,61718%@I,86% 4+ 6"):.%)C6B%+C81.1)%+%+,7%+,@%I7,B%6\ 61/C%6?C,AC),+1<,86%%C0%CAY,6C@A:@,61718%@.C,C8%+,6%A%>:@B%)1:8,A>,+%/</1)%A 7&A17>:@B%8B,A+,6:A 0I7C)0%A+,ACAB,:@2%A%@B2AB1)%A,@%8,6.@CB:+,6%A18F,Ab B1/%)1:8,A I +,(%B,A ?C, BCF1,@:8 6C/%@ ,8 ,6 8AB1BCB: >%@% C6BC@% @B2AB1)% : 0Y %6 )C%6 >,@B,8,)2%86%7%I:@2%+,6:A>@:.,A:@,A\vu6:(4,B1F:+,6C@A:@,61718%@Y):8C8%9:+,+C@%b )1<8Y,@%+%@%6:A%6C78:AC8%.:@7%)1<8/,8,@%6%@B2AB1)%I>@&)B1)%Y)1,8B2.1)%YB,<@1)%YA:)1%6I >:62B1)%Y>%@%>@:>:@)1:8%@6,AC8)C,@>:+,):8:)171,8B:A(&A1):A>@,F1:%618/@,A:,86%A.%)C6b B%+,A,A>,)1%61J%+%A\vv vu %8+1A85I.C,C8:+,6:A.C8+%+:@,AY,8pxqoY+,68AB1BCB:%@%6%C6BC@%@B2AB1)%g0h pero6:%(%8+:8<%)%CA%+,6%A>@:.C8+%A+1A)@,>%8)1%A):8,6A,)B:@7&A@%+1)%67,8B,):8AB@C)B1F1AB% ?C,%B%)%(%AC):8),>B:+,%@B,)1,8B2.1):\8pxqp%8+18A5I.C,66%7%+:>:@@:>1CA>%@%,8A,9%@ ,86%%C0%CA\ vv &EY>&/\pqt\ cpvoc $# 67%I:@18B,@-A+,6C@A:@,61718%@@,A1+,,8AC 18B,8B:+,,8):8B@%@C87-B:+:A1AB,7&B1):I:(b 4,B1F: +, %>@,8+1J%4, +, 6:A ,6,7,8B:A %@B2AB1):A ,A,8)1%6,A g.:@7%Y ):6:@ I B,HBC@%hY B%8B: ,8 B-@b 718:A +, %8&61A1A ):7: +, A28B,A1AY ?C, >:AB,b @1:@7,8B,A,@2%8%>61)%+%A,86:A>@:I,)B:A+,6% ,A>,)1%61+%+\%)1%pxqr6%,8A,9%8J%+,6:A,6,b 7,8B:A %@B2AB1):A ,A,8)1%6,A A, :@/%81J< ,8 B@,A /@C>:AY:).,5 ,64[,6_).,5 ,64+,>6%8:I):6:@`Y +,+1)%+:%6,ABC+1:+,6):6:@I6%628,%%81F,6(1b +17,8A1:8%6Z ,6 _).,5 ,64 +, F:6C7,8` +,+1)%+: %6,ABC+1:+,6%.:@7%B@1+17,8A1:8%6ZIY.18%67,8b B,Y,6_).,5 ,64+,,A>%)1:`?C,A,:)C>%(%+,6%A +1A)1>618%A%@?C1B,)B<81)%A\vw%+,(161+%++,6%):b 6%(:@%)1<8 ,8B@, .%)C6B%+,ABCF:C8,.,)B:8,/%b B1F:A:(@,,6C@A:@,61718%@I%?C,,@%,6D81): )C@A: ):7D8 ?C, 0%)2% +, 8,H: +, C81<8 ,8B@, ,66%AZ)C%8+:Y,8pxqxY6%A.%)C6B%+,AA,F:6F1,@:8 18+,>,8+1,8B,AY-AB,Y18,F1B%(6,7,8B,Y+,A%>%@,b )1<\8pxquA,.CA1:8%@:86%.%)C6B%++,7%+,@% 27. 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Interior de la HfG de Ulm. %18F:)%)1<8+,6%%C0%CAA,0%)2%18,F1B%(6,Y+,7:+:?C,Y,87%I:+,pxtoY,6/@C>:+, 67A,>CA:,8):8B%)B:):8!%6B,@@:>1CAY?C1,8@,A1+2%,86:AAB%+:A81+:AY):8,6.18 +,A:61)1B%@%>:I:I>,@71A:>%@%CB161J%@,68:7(@,+,6%%8B1/C%,A)C,6%\,@:A,66,/<%6% ):8)6CA1<8+,,@%7,4:@8:0%),@6:YI%?C,8:A,B@%B%(%+,@,AC)1B%@,6>%A%+:\C8?C,,6 >6%8 +, ,ABC+1:A 181)1%6 B,82% 7C)0:A ,6,7,8B:A 18A>1@%+:A ,8 6% %C0%CAY 6% . +,A,%(% >@,A,8B%@A,):7:%6/:8C,F:I+1.,@,8B,\8AB1BC)1:8%67,8B,6:,@%>:@?C,Y71,8B@%A?C,6% >@17,@%.C,A1,7>@,C8%,A)C,6%>D(61)%Y6%A,/C8+%.C,C8%,A)C,6%>@1F%+%)CI%@%J<8+, A,@A,(%A%(%,86%7%B,@1%61J%)1<8+,C81+,%6+,7:)@&B1):I,86%18+,>,8+,8)1%>,+%/</1b )%\,B:+:A7:+:AY@:>1CA7%81.,AB<ACA@,A,@F%A0%)1%C8%,A)C,6%+,+1A,9:?C,%8B,b >:82%6:A%A>,)B:A>:62B1):A%6:A)@,%B1F:A\,@:,AB:,@%>@,)1A%7,8B,6:?C,+,A,%(%8:2@ 6:A71,7(@:A+,6\ 8,6>@,AC>C,AB:>@,A,8B%+:,6pq+,4C61:+,pxtoA,A:61)1B%(%8p\xwu\ooo7%@):A%.:8+: >,@+1+:>%@%6%.C8+%)1<8I):8AB@C))1<8+,6),8B@:\,@:,68:?C,@2%7%6/%AB%@,6+1b 8,@:+,6:A):8B@1(CI,8B,A8:@B,%7,@1)%8:A,8C8>@:I,)B:)CI%):8B18C1+%+8:,AB%(%%A,b /C@%+%\@%,F1+,8B,?C,,6),8B@:B%@+%@2%C8:A%9:A,8%6)%8J%@6:Apto%6C78:A8,),A%@1:A >%@%AC%CB:.18%8)1%)1<8d+,0,)0:8:6:ABCF:0%AB%pxutd>:@6:?C,,H1/1<):7>@:71A:A %6%%+7181AB@%)1<8%6,7%8%\ ,A>C-A+,C818B,@718%(6,)%6F%@1:%+7181AB@%B1F:Y+,A,@%)CA%+:A+,>@:bA:F1-B1):AY+,18b ):8B%(6,AF1A1B%A%>%@6%7,8B%@1:AI7181AB@:AI+,A:7,B,@A,%C86%@/:18B,@@:/%B:@1:>:@>%@b B,+,6?C,?C,@2%%A,/C@%@A,6%B@%8A>%@,8)1%IA:61+,J+,6>@:I,)B:Y,8:B:9:+,pxtp )0:66I1)0,@6:/@%@:8),@@%@C8%)C,@+:,):8<71):>%@%6%.C8+%)1<8\6(%6%8),?C,A,0%b (2%%>@:(%+:AC(2%%q\ppo\ooo7%@):A%6,7%8,A6:)C%6,@%C8%)1.@%%AB@:8<71)%>%@%6%->:b )%\xp%@%/%@%8B1J%@6:A>@17,@:A%9:A+,.C8)1:8%71,8B:Y):8+1)1<818+1A>,8A%(6,>%@%@,)1(1@ xp %AC7%+,%>:@B%)1:8,A.C,6%A1/C1,8B,[p\ooo\ooo7%@):A%>:@B%+:>:@,6Zroo\ooo7%@):A ):7:F%6:@,AB17%+:+,6B,@@,8:),+1+:>%@%6%):8AB@C))1<8Zqoo\ooo7%@):A%>:@B%+:A>:@,6181AB,@1: cpvvc $# 6% AC(F,8)1<8 +,6 Y ,6 >%@6%7,8B: +,6 *, +, %+,8b!E@BB,7(,@/ A, ):7>@:7,B2% % %>:@B%@pxo\ooo7%@):A%8C%6,AI6%)1C+%++,67:B@:Aso\ooo\8,AB%,AB@C)BC@%I%A,>@,b A,8B2%?C,6%_18+,>,8+,8)1%`+,6%,A)C,6%?C,+%(%A,@1%7,8B,01>:B,)%+%>C,A+1.2)167,8B, >:+@2%AC(A1AB1@A18%>:@B%)1:8,A+,+18,@:>D(61):\,0,)0:6%A%>:@B%)1:8,A+,6%18+CAB@1%I 6:A18/@,A:A,8):8),>B:+,7%B@2)C6%AA1,7>@,,ABCF1,@:87CI>:@+,(%4:+,6:>@,F1AB:\ 30. Esquema del plan de estudios, 1951; 31. Reunión de profesores en la biblioteca. %):8AB@C))1<8+,6),8B@:A,>CA:187,+1%B%7,8B,,87%@)0%+, %)C,@+:):8,6>@:I,)B: ?C,A,0%(2%,8)%@/%+:%%H166\,B@%B%(%+,C8)%7>CA):7>6,B:18B,/@%+:>:@%C6%AY B%66,@,AY@,A1+,8)1%Y)%8B18%Y+,A>%)0:AY,B)\A1BC%+:,86%):618%+,C0(,@/\C)0:A6:)%61b .1)%@2%8+,_7:8%AB,@1:`+,6+1A,9:>C,A%AC@,6%B1F:%1A6%71,8B:A,AC7%(%C8%%@?C1B,)BCb @%+,C8%%CAB,@1+%+,A>%@B%8%.@CB:+,6.C8)1:8%61A7:@%+1)%6+,166I+,6%17>,@1:A%8,),b A1+%++,,):8:71J%@7%B,@1%6,A\ ,/D8,@(,@B18+18/,@Y6%01AB:@1%+,6%,A)C,6%A,+1F1+,,86%AA,1A,B%>%A?C,%):8B18C%b )1<8A,+,B%66%8\%I?C,B,8,@,8)C,8B%?C,8:B:+%A):18)1+,8):86:A7:+,6:A+,+1@,)b )1<8I):86:A8:7(@,A+,6:A+1@,)B:@,A\ TDMD-6!96%64;+ &3!&0- !:&++BLTPNGLTPQ 6p+,%(@16+,pxtr%H166.C,.18%67,8B,8:7(@%+:4,.,+,6,>%@B%7,8B:+,:8AB@C))1<8 8+CAB@1%61J%+%I+1@,)B:@+,6%,A)C,6%Y)%@/:?C,@,)6%7%(%>%@%A2+,A+,0%)2%B1,7>:\6BCF: C8>%>,67CI17>:@B%8B,,86%,6%(:@%)1<8+,6>@17,@>6%8+,,ABC+1:AI,86%A,6,))1<8+,C8 >@:.,A:@%+:7CI18B,@8%)1:8%6\%,A)C,6%1(%%B,8,@)C%B@:+,>%@B%7,8B:A[1A,9:+,@:b +C)B:Y:7C81)%)1<8 1AC%6Y1,8)1%A+,6%8.:@7%)1<8I:8AB@C))1<88+CAB@1%61J%+%\ @%)1%A%C8>@:/@%7%+,18B,@)%7(1:)C6BC@%6):86:AAB%+:A81+:AY%)C+1,@:8%67%8B1b /C:A71,7(@:A+,6%%C0%CA):7::A,.6(,@AY:0%88,ABB,8Y!%6B,@,B,@0%8AI,6,8, :88-b)071+B?C,17>%@B1@2%87%B,@1%A,8,6C@A:&A1):\ ,+,@%6+,):8:72%Zpoo\ooo7%@):A%>:@B%+:A>:@,66%8 ,+,@%6+,6%CF,8BC+Zqst\ooo7%@):A ,8,A>,)1%A%>:@B%+:A>:@6%)1C+%++,67Zqst\ooo7%@):A+,.C,8B,A>@1F%+%A8:,A>,)1.1)%+%AZ qo\ooo7%@):A+,6% C8+%)1<8:@C,/%+,IC+%>%@%C@:>%\$Y,8-[2E%6EC>&/Epou\ cpvwc $# %A )6%A,A A, 181)1%@:8 ,6 r +, %/:AB: +, pxtr ,8 ,6 %8B1/C: ,+1.1)1: +, 6% :65Ab 0:)0A0E6,Y +,(1+: % ?C, 6% ):8AB@C))1<8 +,6 )%7>CA 8: ,AB%(% B:+%F2% B,@718%+%\ %A:(@%A%F%8J%(%86,8B%7,8B,I,6t+, 4C61:+,pxtsA,@,%61J<6%),@,7:81%+,6% ):(,@BC@% +, %/C%A +,6 ,+1.1)1: ,A):6%@Y %C8?C, .%6B%(%8 B:+%F2% B@,A +D>6,H >%@% >@:.,A:@,AY 6% @,A1+,8)1% +, ,ABC+1%8B,A I 6%F1F1,8+%+,6):8A,@4,\,+,)1+1<,8B:8b ),A?C,,6>@:I,)B:+,6:A18B,@1:@,A+,(,b @2% A,@ ,4,7>6%@ I >@:/@%7&B1):\ %H 166 01J: ,6 ,8)%@/: %6 %@?C1B,)B: I +1A,9%+:@ 0:6%8+-A+,7C,(6,A%8AC/,6:BY?C1,8 >@:8B: >%A%@2% % +1@1/1@ ,6 ,>%@B%7,8B: +,1A,9:+,@:+C)B:I,6):@@,A>:8+1,8b B,18AB1BCB:+,18F,AB1/%)1<8\ 8 :)BC(@, +, pxtrY ,6 :8A,4: +, +71b 81AB@%)1<8+,6% C8+%)1<8,7>,J<%@,/Cb 32. Sistema de módulos encajables. Profesor Walter 6%@ 6%A ):8B@%>@,AB%)1:8,A ,):8<71)%A +, Zeischeg, alumno Herbert Frank, curso 1959- 1960. 6:A>@:I,)B:A?C,1(%8%@,%61J%@,8,6.CBCb @:6:A18AB1BCB:A+,18F,AB1/%)1<8\:A18AB1BCB:A1(%8%A,@,6B,6<8+,?C16,A+,6%.>C,A ):86:A,8)%@/:A>@:.,A1:8%6,AA,>@,B,8+2%,AB17C6%@6%)@,%B1F1+%+Y,8@1?C,),@):8),>BC%6b 7,8B, 6% +:),8)1% I @,)%(%@ .:8+:A\ 8 ,.,)B:Y /@%)1%A % ,66:A 6% .C8+%)1<8 :(B,8+@2% C8% .C,8B,,HB@%+,18/@,A:AIA,7,4:@%@2%86%+,6:A>@:.,A:@,AY)CI:AA%6%@1:A,@%87CI(%4:A ,8):7>%@%)1<8):86:A+,6%AC81F,@A1+%+,A>D(61)%A\ 18%67,8B,A,%):@+<?C,,6st{+,6% .%)BC@%)1<8 A,@2% >%@% 6% .C8+%)1<8Y ,6 so{ >%@% ,6 >@:.,A:@ @,A>:8A%(6, +,6 >@:I,)B: I ,6 po{>%@%C8.:8+:+,(,)%A\%.C8+%)1<8A,@,A,@F%(%,6+,@,)0:+,A:61)1B%@I,H>6:B%@>%b B,8B,A 18B,@8%)1:8%6,A\ 18 ,7(%@/: -AB, A,@2% C8 >6%8B,%71,8B: ?C, ,8F,8,8%@2% 6%A @,6%b )1:8,A>,@A:8%6,A+,6%.%6:6%@/:+,B:+%AC,H1AB,8)1%>C,A)@,%@2%A1BC%)1:8,A+,%/@%b F1:):7>%@%B1F:I%?C,81B:+:A6:A>@:.,A:@,AB,82%8>:A1(161+%+,A+,%)),+,@%6:A18AB1BCb 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)6%@%7,8B,+,6:A):8),>B:A(%C0%Cb A1%8:AZ 6:A ):8:)171,8B:A 17>%@B1+:A A,:@1,8B%@:8Y,8B:8),AY0%)1%6%B,:@2% +,6%>,@),>)1<8F1AC%6I6%A,71<B1)%\ ,A>C-A+,6%)@1A1A):8%H166Y8/, )0:66 A, +,A>6%J< % 6:A AB%+:A 81b +:A,8(CA)%+,.:8+:A>%@%):8AB@C1@ C8% >%@B, +, 6% @,A1+,8)1% ?C, 0%(2% ?C,+%+:,8>@:I,)B:\662A,>CA:,8 ):8B%)B: ):8 6% .C8+%)1<8 :@+ c?C, +1@1/2%>:@,8B:8),A0,>%@+B:8,cI B%7(1-8):86% C8+%)1<8:)5,.,66,@\ %A 18AB1BC)1:8,A 8:@B,%7,@1)%8%A 8: ,AB%(%818B,@,A%+%A,8.18%8)1%@,+1.1b 33. Tomás Maldonado con sus alumnos del Curso Básico, 1955. )1:A>,@:A2),8B@:A+,18F,AB1/%)1<8I )0:66 0%(2% ?C,+%+: 7CI 17>@,A1:b 8%+%>:@,6B@%(%4:?C,@,%61J%(%,6>A1)<6:/:+,6%>,@),>)1<8%+6,I,8B@16,8AC,@),>B1:8 ,7:8AB@%B1:8,8B,@+,6%81F,@A1+%++,@18),B:8\A2?C,Y%ACFC,6B%Y>@:>CA:%6:8A,4: +,+7181AB@%)1<8+,6%.C8+%)1<86%)@,%)1<8+,C88AB1BCB:+,:7C81)%)1<8,8.:@7%)1<8\ %AB%,8B:8),A6:A,8)%@/:A,@%8@,)1(1+:A>:@6% C8+%)1<8I6C,/:B@%8A.,@1+:A%6%,Ab )C,6%+:8+,6%+1@,))1<86:A)%8%61J%(%0%)1%,6+,>%@B%7,8B:7&A%+,)C%+:\:A,8)%@/:A A,):8F,@B2%8,87%B,@1%%)%+-71)%%>%@B1@+,6A,/C8+:)C@A:Y )C%8+:6:A%6C78:AI%0%b (2%8AC>,@%+:,6C@A:&A1):\,@:,AB,>@:),+171,8B:B,82%,618):8F,81,8B,+,A:(@,)%@b /%@6:A):8,H),A1F%A@,A>:8A%(161+%+,A>:@6:?C,Y,84C61:+,pxtvY,6:8A,4:+,+7181Ab B@%)1<8+,6% C8+%)1<8,7>,J<%B@%(%4%@,86%):8AB1BC)1<86,/%6+,6:A18AB1BCB:A+,18b F,AB1/%)1<8)CI%D81)%B%@,%A,@2%6%+,0%),@>@:I,)B:A>:@,8)%@/:\:A18AB1BCB:A1(%8%A,@[ f68AB1BCB:+,1A,9:+,@:+C)B:Y?C,,7>,J%@2%I%,8:)BC(@,):86:A>@:.,A:@,A %8AC/,6:BI!%6B,@$,1A)0,//\ f68AB1BCB:+,:7C81)%)1<8)CI%%>,@BC@%,AB%(%>@,F1AB%>%@%7&AB%@+,\ f68AB1BCB:+,:8AB@C))1<88+CAB@1%61J%+%)CI%:@/%81J%)1<8Y%@%2J+,6%7%@)0%+,166Y 8:,AB%(%)6%@%\1,8B@%AYA,7%8B,82%,6+,>%@B%7,8B:+,_+,A%@@:66:+,6%):8AB@C))1<8`\ %>C,AB%,87%@)0%+,6:A18AB1BCB:AY?C,I%,AB%(%>@,A,8B,,86:A:(4,B1F:A.C8+%)1:8%6,A +,6),8B@:Y,7>,J%(%%0%),@A,@,%61+%+\,,AB,7:+:Y6%.A,):8F,@B2%,8C8):8/6:7,b @%+:+,18AB1BC)1:8,AY+,8B@:+,6)C%66%,A)C,6%Y):8ACA)C%B@:+,>%@B%7,8B:AA,):8F,@B2% ,8C8),8B@:)CI:B,7%+,18F,AB1/%)1<8I,8A,9%8J%,@%,6>@:),A:+,>@:+C))1<818+CAB@1%6 ,8ACB:B%61+%+\ 8.,(@,@:+,pxtvC8%+,6,/%)1<8+,>:62B1):A+,6AB%+:.,+,@%6F1A1B<F%@1%A,A)C,6%AY,8B@, ,66%A6%+,67Y):8,6.180%),@C8%>@:A>,))1<8A:(@,,6+1A,9:I6%.:@7%)1<8+,6:A+1A,9%b +:@,A\C):8)6CA1<8.C,?C,,8%+,8b!E@B,7(,@/0%(2%?C,%>:I%@,):8<71)%7,8B,%6% .+,67Y%6%)%+,71%+,,66%A@B,A+,BCBB/%@BI%6%A,A)C,6%AB-)81)%A+,.:@J0,17 I +, )0G'(1A0 7E8+\ 6 B,7% +,6 +1A,9: ?C, ,7,@/2% ,8 6%A 18AB1BC)1:8,A ,):8<71)%A I )C6BC@%6,A,7>,J%(%%):8F,@B1@A,,8C8%AC8B:+,/:(1,@8:I0%I?C,@,):8:),@?C,6%. 0%(2%):8B@1(C1+:%,66:,8/@%87%8,@%\,):8:)1,8+:?C,6%,A)C,6%66,8%(%C8F%)2:17b cpwqc $# >:@B%8B,,8,6>%8:@%7%,+C)%B1F:Y%>%@B1@+,pxtvI0%AB%pxuvY6%,A)C,6%BCF:%A,/C@%+% C8%AC(F,8)1<8%8C%6+,6:(1,@8:.,+,@%6I:B@%+,6:(1,@8:+,6*,\ AB:A%9:A):18)1+1,@:8):86:A7&A>@:+C)B1F:A+,6),8B@:?C,,7>,J<%):A,)0%@>@,71:A 18B,@8%)1:8%6,A\8pxtvY6%,7>@,A%@%C8/%8<,6@%8@,71:+,6%4% ,,* +,16&8):8 6:A%>%@%B:A+1A,9%+:A,8,6+,>%@B%7,8B:+,>@:+C)B:+,6%.\ TDOD/4!4&0-1/3 +,!5/ /+/$'BLTPSGLTQM 8 %?C,6 >,@2:+: A, >@:+C4: C8% %Cb B-8B1)% :(A,A1<8 >:@ 18B,/@%@ 6%A )1,8b )1%A A:)1%6,AY 6% ,@/:8:72%Y 6% 18F,AB1b /%)1<8 :>,@%B1F%Y 6% 7,B:+:6:/2% +, >@:I,)B: I 6% B,)8:6:/2% ,8 ,6 >6%8 +, ,ABC+1:A\ AB% B,8+,8)1% A, F,2% @,.:@b J%+%>:@,60,)0:+,?C,Y,8,6,?C1>: +,6%,A)C,6%Y0%(2%7&A>@:.,A:@,A+, )1,8)1%A?C,+,+1A,9:IY>:@6:B%8B:Y 6:A >@17,@:A B,82%8 7%I:@ >:+,@ ,8 6:A<@/%8:A+,+,)1A1<8\8B@,6:A)1,8b B2.1):A,AB%(%8,67%B,7&B1):IB,<@1): +, 6% >6%81.1)%)1<8 :@AB 1BB,6 I ,6 A:b 34. Exposición de trabajos en 1958. )1<6:/:18+CAB@1%6%88:,AB18/\C18b B,8)1<8,@%66,F%@0%AB%,6,HB@,7:6%:@1,8B%)1<87,B:+:6</1)%+,%6+:8%+:Y>%@%.:@7%@ 8:B%8B:+1A,9%+:@,AY):7:>6%81.1)%+:@,A?C,.C,@%8)%>%),A+,B:7%@+,)1A1:8,A+,+1A,b 9:%>%@B1@+,C8%(%A,@%)1:8%6\6@,AC6B%+:+,ACAB@%(%4:A.C,?C,,6>@:),A:+,+1A,9:A, 01J:7&A@1/C@:A:\:@%?C,66%->:)%Y,6):8:)1+:>@:.,A:@(@1B&81):@C),@)0,@,7>,J<% .:@7C6%@,867ACAB,:@2%AA:(@,7,B:+:6:/2%+,6+1A,9:\ 6,8BCA1%A7:>:@6%7,B:+:6:/2%)1,8B2.1)%,8%?C,66:A%9:A.C,,8:@7,I%?C,A,)@,2%?C, /@%)1%A % ,66% ,6 +1A,9:Y .18%67,8B,Y A, 61(,@%@2% +, ACA _.%AB1+1:A:A` ,6,7,8B:A 1@@%)1:8%6,A\ %A:>B171AB%A):8A1/8%A+,166):7:_,6+1A,9:+,6%)C)0%@%%6%)1C+%+`xt:_):8AB@CI,8+: C8%8C,F%)C6BC@%`Y+1,@:8>%A:%C8%4,@/%)1,8B2.1)%,86%?C,A,.:@7C6%(%8_01><B,A1A+, B@%(%4:`\%@%6:A,ABC+1%8B,AY6%7,B:+:6:/2%%+?C1@1<6%)%B,/:@2%+,C8%@,61/1<8I6:A,ABCb +1:A)1,8B2.1):A>@,61718%@,A%6:A>@:I,)B:AYC8%,A>,)1,+,+:)B@18%?C,B,82%6%F1@BC++, %6,4%@6:A+,6%187:@%61+%+%A:)1%+%%6):8AC7:\ 8,6%9:%)%+-71):pxtxbpxuoY,6C@A:&A1):A,@,+C4:%6%71B%+Y:A,%%C8A,7,AB@,Y >%A%+:,6)C%66:A%6C78:A18/@,A%(%8,8C8%+,6%A,A>,)1%61+%+,A\:A,?C1>:A+,18F,AB1b /%)1<8+,+1A,9:,8%?C,67:7,8B:,@%86:AA1/C1,8B,A[ ,q[%8AC/,6:Bg+1A,9:+,>@:+C)B:h\ ,r[!%6B,@$,1A)0,//g+1A,9:+,>@:+C)B:h\ ,t[B61)0,@g):7C81)%)1<8F1AC%6h\ ,u[:7&A%6+:8%+:g):7C81)%)1<8F1AC%6h\ xt AB%.@%A,?C,A,%B@1(CI,%@8,AB::/,@AY+1@,)B:@+,6%@,F1AB%1B%61%8%.+75+C@%8B,6:A%9:A +,6%_@1):8AB@CJ1:8,`Y,A%B@1(C1+%,8F%@1%A:)%A1:8,A%%H166,8,661(@:+,,@(,@B18+18/,@\ cpwrc $# H1AB2%%+,7&AC8/@C>:?C,B@%(%4%(%):8,@(,@06,8B,7%A+,):8AB@C))1<818+CAB@1%61b J%+%>,@:Y,86%>@&)B1)%Y:>,@%(%+,8B@:+,68AB1BCB:+,1A,9:+,@:+C)B:\ %@% >@:),+,@ % 6% >C,AB% ,8 7%@)0% +, 6:A 18AB1BCB:AY ,6 /,@,8B, +, 6% C8+%)1<8 Y 0:@G%6+ 1A6,@Y )@,I< :>:@BC8: A:b 61)1B%@ B%8B: %6 :(1,@8: .,+,@%6 ):7: %6 :(1,@8:+,6*,C8ACAB%8)1:A:%C7,8b B: +, 6%A AC(F,8)1:8,A\ , %@/C7,8B%(% ?C,6:A18AB1BCB:A.%F:@,),@2%8,6+,A%@@:b 66:+,6%18+CAB@1%I+,6%,):8:72%+,6% @,/1<8 +, %+,8b!E@BB,7(,@/\ 18 ,7b (%@/:Y):8,AB:A,>6%8B,%(%,6>@:(6,7% +,6%):7>,B,8)1%+,A6,%6\X<7:A,4CAb B1.1)%(%6%.18%8)1%)1<8>D(61)%+,C818AB1b 35.Tomás Maldonado con un grupo BCB:?C,1(%%0%),@>@:I,)B:A>%@%,6A,)b de diseñadores italianos, 1959. 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,8 6% ?C, A, ,8):8B@%(% >:@ ,8B:8),A 6% .\ 8 +1)1,7(@,+,pxuwY+,A>C-A+,C8>%B-B1):18B,8b 36. Operación espacial en un plano. B: +, 181)1: +, )C@A: ):8 A:6: rt %6C78:AY 6% ,Ab Profesor Herbert Kapitzki, )C,6%+,4<+,,H1AB1@):7:18AB1BC)1<8,+C)%B1F%\poq alumno Andrés Dimitri, curso 1967-1968. C8?C,6:A>@:(6,7%A,):8<71):A.C,@:8)@C)1%6,A,8,6.@%)%A:+,6%.+,67YB%7>:): +,(,8+,A)%@B%@A,6:A7:B1F:A>:62B1):A>C,AA,B@%B%(%+,C8),8B@:_18)<7:+:`\8@,%61b +%+6%,A)C,6%+,+1A,9:+,678:@,>@,A,8B%(%818/D8>,61/@:>%@%,6A1AB,7%C81F,@A1B%b @1:Y>,@:6:)1,@B:,A?C,ACA1+,%AY,6/@%+:+,>%@B1)1>%)1<8+,6:A,ABC+1%8B,A,86%/,AB1<8 %)%+-71)%I,86%,6,))1<8+,6:A)%@/:A1(%7CI>:@+,6%8B,+,6:0%(1BC%6,86%AC81F,@A1+%b +,A>D(61)%A+,6%->:)%\#%C8?C,6%8%)1:8%61J%)1<80C(1,@%AC>C,AB:C8%A%61+%+1/8%Y6:A %6C78:A+,6%.c):,B&8,:A+,6%@,F:6C)1<8+,%I:+,%@2A+,pxuwcF,2%8,8)%+%18b B,8B:+,%(A:@)1<8,AB%B%6,6.%8B%A7%+,C8)@,)1,8B,%CB:@1B%@1A7:?C,>:82%6%+,7:)@%b )1%+,AC),8B@:IY>:@,HB,8A1<8Y+,6,7%81%,8>,61/@:\AB%>,@),>)1<8Y)%A101AB-@1)%Y+, ?C,,H1AB2%C8%):8.%(C6%)1<8+,,8,71/:A?C,?C,@2%8),@@%@6%,A)C,6%17>1+1<%>@:F,)0%@ 6%A:>:@BC81+%+,AI6:A+1F,@A:A>6%8,A+,A%6F%)1<8?C,,6:(1,@8:+,6*,0%(2%>@:>C,Ab B:\,0%(,@6:0,)0:6%,A)C,6%0C(1,@%A:(@,F1F1+:Y,A:A2YA%)@1.1)%8+:AC18+,>,8+,8)1%\ :@6%,A)C,6%.+,670%(2%8>%A%+:usoY%6C78:A+,6:A)C%6,AYqqoA,0%(2%8/@%+C%+: ,8+1A,9:+,>@:+C)B:Yprt,8):7C81)%)1<8F1AC%6Ypqv,8):8AB@C))1<8Yqr,8)18,Ips,8 )1,8)1%A+,6%18.:@7%)1<8\:6%7,8B,,6pt{+,6%>:(6%)1<8,ABC+1%8B16,@%87C4,@,A\ TDRD /!-&;+&-9!45&$&0-!-!+ !135,!-5/ !13/ 65/ ,6:A)C%B@:+,>%@B%7,8B:A>@:>1:A+,6%.+,67Y,6+,+1A,9:+,>@:+C)B:.C,,6?C, BCF: 7&A %6C78:A I ,6 ?C, +1: 7%I:@ >@,AB1/1: % 6% 18AB1BC)1<8\ CA >@:.,A:@,A .14:A .C,@:8 %H166YC1:8A1,>,Y%8AC/,6:BY,:@/,:G%6+Y,@(,@B18+18/,@Y:7&A%6+:8%+:I !%6B,@$,1A)0,//\por pop 8AB1BC)1:8%67,8B,Y,6:(1,@8:+,6*,8:>:+2%),@@%@6%,A)C,6%>:@?C,,@%C8 ),8B@:>@1F%+:\%+,)1A1<8+,6)1,@@,+,6%,A)C,6%A<6:>:+2%B:7%@6%6% C8+%)1<8\ poq :7:,6)C@A:%)%+-71):8:BCF:6C/%@Y>%@%+<41)%7,8B,,6(%6%8),,):8<71): %6)1,@@,+,pxuw.C,>:A1B1F:\ por :@7:B1F:A+,,HB,8A1<8I,A>,)1.1)1+%+8:+,A%@@:66%@-6%+:),8)1% ,8,6@,AB:+,+,>%@B%7,8B:A\AB%,AB&(%AB%8B,(1,8+,A)@1B%,8,661(@:+,18+18/,@\ cpxoc $# :A ,ABC+1%8B,A %>@,8+2%8 % +1A,9%@ :(b 4,B:A >%@% ,6 0:/%@ I 6% :.1)18% %A2 ):7: (1,8,A +, ,?C1>: g7%?C18%@1%h , 18AB@Cb 7,8B:A )1,8B2.1):A\ ,@: 6% B,7&B1)% +, 6:A >@:I,)B:A 8: %(%@)%(% A:6%7,8B, %6 >@:+C)B: 18+1F1+C%6 : %1A6%+: A18: B%7b (1-8 % /@C>:A +, >@:+C)B:A IY A:(@, B:b +:Y%6:AA1AB,7%A7:+C6%@,A\%6</1)%+, 6% @%)1:8%61+%+ 17>61)%(% ?C,Y >:@ C8 6%b +:Y A, 18)C6)%@% % 6:A %6C78:A 6% 8,),A1b +%+ +, 18B,/@%@ 6:A .%)B:@,A .C8)1:8%6,AY )C6BC@%6,AYB,)8:6</1):AI,):8<71):A,8 ,6+1A,9:>,@:Y>:@:B@:YB%7(1-8A,>@,b B,8+2%?C,-AB:A18/,81%@%8I+,B,@718%b @%8)1,@B:A>%B@:8,A+,CA:I+,):8AC7: 37. Radiotocadiscos SK4 Braun, ?C,.C,@%8A:)1%67,8B,@,A>:8A%(6,A\ diseño de Hans Gugelot y Dieter Rams, 1954. &A%66&+,6C@A:&A1):Y?C,.C,:(61/%B:@1:>%@%B:+:A6:A,ABC+1%8B,A+,A+,pxtr0%AB% pxupI)CI%01AB:@1%0,7:A8%@@%+:,86:A%>%@B%+:A%8B,@1:@,AY,86:A61AB%+:A+,%A1/8%BCb @%A?C,%>%@,),8,86%A>C(61)%)1:8,A+,6%.A,%+F1,@B,,6B:8:)1,8B1.1AB%?C,17>@,/8%b (%6%+:),8)1%\posC@%8B,,6)C@A:pxtwbtxY(%4:,6+:7181:+,6:A>@:.,A:@,A)1,8B2.1):AY6:A ,ABC+1%8B,AB,82%86%AA1/C1,8B,A%A1/8%BC@%A):7C8,A[-B:+:A+,@,>@,A,8B%)1<8Y1AB:@1% )C6BC@%6 +,6 A1/6: ""Y %B,7&B1)%Ab.2A1)%b?C271)%Y 8&61A1A :>,@%B1F: 7%B,7&B1):Y ,B:+:6:b /2%Y:)1:6:/2%Y,@,)0:+,>%B,8B,AI,:@2%+,6%)1,8)1%Y4,@)1)1:A+,7,B:+:6:/2%F1AC%6I B%66,@,@%86%A7%B,@1%A?C,B,82%87%I:@)%@/%6,)B1F%\ C@%8B, %?C,6 71A7: )C@A: 6%A %A1/8%BC@%A ,A>,)2.1)%A >%@% 6:A %6C78:A +, 1A,9: +, @:b +C)B:.C,@:8@:I,)B:AgA1/8hY 1A1:6:/2%%>61)%+%Y,718%@1:+,01AB:@1%Y,:@2%+,6%>@:b +C))1<8Y ,)&81)%Y :)1:6:/2%Y %B,@1%6,A I B-)81)%A (&A1)%A\ F1+,8B,7,8B, 6% %A1/8%BC@% ):8 7%I:@ )%@/% 6,)B1F% ,@% 6% +, @:I,)B:A\ )0: %9:A +,A>C-AY ,8 ,6 )C@A: pxuubuvY 6%A %A1/8%BC@%A B,<@1)%A A, 18)618%(%8 7&A 0%)1% 6%A )1,8)1%A A:)1%6,A >,@: 8: 0%(2%8 +,4%+: +, B,8,@17>:@B%8)1%\ %A%A1/8%BC@%A,A>,)2.1)%A>%@%1A,9:+,@:+C)B:,@%8[,:@2%+,6+1A,9:Y@/:8:72%Y:b )1:6:/2%Y 2A1)%B-)81)%Y1A,9:B-)81):g1,8)1%+,6:A7%B,@1%6,AIB,:@2%+,6%):8AB@C))1<8h\ ?C,66%A ?C, B,82%8 C8% 7%I:@ )%@/% 6,)B1F% ,@%8 6%A >@&)B1)%A : 18AB@C7,8B%6,A[ @:I,)B:A +,+1A,9:Y%?C,B%AI@,>@,A,8B%)1<8YI,:7,B@2%):8AB@C)B1F%\ %)%8B1+%+I)%61+%++,6:A>@:I,)B:A@,%61J%+:A>%@%,7>@,A%A>:@6:A/@C>:A+,18F,AB1/%b )1<8 +1@1/1+:A >:@ %8A C/,6:B g,qh I !%6B,@ $,1A)0,// g,rh ,A @,%67,8B, 17>@,A1:8%8B, I 7CI>@,):JA:(@,B:+:A1B,8,7:A,8)C,8B%?C,,8pxttY)C%8+:6%A)6%A,A,7>,J%@:8,8 ,68C,F:)%7>CAYI%66,/%@:86:A>@17,@:A,8)%@/:A\8%?C,671A7:%9:Y@%C8A,+1@1/1< %6%.+,67):8,6:(4,B1F:+,@,>6%8B,%@):7>6,B%7,8B,6%17%/,8+,AC,7>@,A%\8 6:A/@C>:A+,18F,AB1/%)1<8+,1A,9:+,@:+C)B:A,+1A,9%@:86:A%>%@%B:A+,A:81+:71,8b B@%A?C,,86:A/@C>:A+,:7C81)%)1<8 1AC%6A,+1A,9%@:86%17%/,8):@>:@%B1F%Y6%>C(61)1b +%+I6:A.:66,B:AY6:AAB%8+AI6:A,A)%>%@%B,A\ pos Y,@(,@Bg+\h[_B%B1AB1)A:.B,%)018/0:C@Apxtwbtx` I_B%B1AB1)A:.B,%)018/0:C@AYpxuubuv`,82E%6\Y>&/A\qwobqwr\ cpxpc $# 38. Vajilla apilable TC-100. Proyecto de final de carrera del alumno Hans Roerich, 1959. 39. Máquina de coser Pfa FF. 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Vista aérea del complejo de Cranbrook en 1938. 8,618.:@7,+,1)0%@+AYA,,H%718%(%86:A>@:/@%7%A+,tt,A)C,6%A+,%@B,A%>61)%+%A,8B@, 6%A?C,A,,8):8B@%(%8,6%@I6%8+8AB1BCB,g.C8+%+:,8pwsvhY6%::>,@81:8g.C8+%+%,8 pwtxhY6%0:+,A6%8+)0::6:.,A1/8gpwvvhY,6@%BB8AB1BCB,gpwwvhI6%%61.:@81%)0::6:. @BAl@%.BA\A18B,@,A%8B,+,AB%)%@?C,,AB,+:)C7,8B:+,+1)%(%C8)%>2BC6:,8B,@:%6%,8b A,9%8J% +, 6%A %@B,A 18+CAB@1%6,A ,8 6,7%81% ,8 ,6 )C%6 A, 7,8)1:8%(% ?C,Y %6 66,/%@ 6:A %9:A F,18B,Y6%18AB@C))1<8,8,6,A>2@1BC+,6%A465K4"658:A,+,B,82%,86:A%@B1AB%A81,86%A%Cb 6%AA18:?C,18.6C2%+,7:+:7CI,.,)B1F:,86%>@:+C))1<8+,6%A.&(@1)%AI6:AB%66,@,A\pqr,/Cb @%7,8B,,6,ABC+1:+,1)0%@+A8:>%A<+,A%>,@)1(1+:,8,B@:1BI%?C,,8,6>6%J:+,+:A%9:A ::B0I%0%(2%181)1%+:AC%7(1)1:A:>@:I,)B:,+C)%B1F:\ 18 ,7(%@/:Y -AB, 8: A,@2% ,8 %(A:6CB: C8% ):>1% +, 6%A F%8/C%@+1AB%A ,H>,@1,8)1%A %6,7%8%A A18:7&A(1,8C8%AC(617%)1<8+,6,A>[email protected]+%)1:8%6+,6%A465K4"65(@1B&81)%AI,A)%8+1b 8%F%A\:7:,@%6%B<81)%,8,AB,B1>:+,>@:I,)B:AY6%@,.:@7%%@B2AB1)%8:A,6171B%(%%6%7,b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b )1<8\ % 18AB1BC)1<8 ?C, ):@:8%@2% ,6 ):7>6,4: A,@2% 6% )%+,7I :. @B\ %@% ::B0Y ,6 7:+,6: >,+%/</1):%A,/C1@A,@2%,6+,6%)%+,71%7,@1)%8%+,:7%g.C8+%+%,8pwxsh?C,BCF:6% :>:@BC81+%++,F1A1B%@+C@%8B,C8F1%4,%B%61%@,%61J%+:,8pxqq\?C,6),8B@:(@18+%(%%)@,%b +:@,A8:@B,%7,@1)%8:A%F%8J%+:A6%>:A1(161+%++,):8:),@:7%IC@:>%\,@:8:,@%C8%,Ab )C,6%,8,6A,8B1+:):8F,8)1:8%6+,6%>%6%(@%I%?C,Y):7::)C@@2%):86%%)%+,71%+,:7%I 6%%)%+,71%+,A>%9%Y,86C/%@+,A,/C1@C8>6%8+,,ABC+1:A,AB@1)B:YA,18F1B%(%%%@B1AB%A, 18B,6,)BC%6,A+,B%6,8B:%B@%(%4%@):86:A18AB@C)B:@,A+,C8%7%8,@%18.:@7%6I)@,%B1F%\ pqr Y:(,@BC+A:8[_@%8(@::5%8+B0,,%@)0.:@B0,G,8B1,B0,8BC@I :@7_ ,8 \\[ 5%#,%,+ 4%E$ 4,4..)%5%.,CMUNQGMUQLY>&/\qu\ cpxxc $# 41. Jardines de la Cranbrook Academy of Art. 42. 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Ray y Charles Eames; 45. 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8@%8(@::5>,8A%@:8?C,%+,7&A+,):7>@,8+,@%+,)C%+%7,8B,,6.C8)1:8%71,8B:+,6% >%@%.,@8%61% ,6,)B@<81)% c):8B,AB%+:@,A %CB:7&B1):AY .%HY :@+,8%+:@,AY B,6,F1A:@,AY 71)@:b :8+%Ac,6CAC%@1:+,(,@2%+,A%@@:66%@C8A,8B171,8B:>:A1B1F:0%)1%,66%7,+1%8B,,6@,)C@A: +,6:A17(<61):\%A%61+%+,,AB,6%(,@18B:>:+2%,8):8B@%@A,,ABC+1%8+:6%A>:A1(161+%+,A+, 6%_A,7&8B1)%+,6>@:+C)B:`\,B@%B%(%+,(CA)%@6%A,A,8)1%AI6%A)C%61+%+,A%@?C,B2>1)%A +,6>@:+C)B:18F,AB1/%8+:6%,A,8)1%+,6%@B,.%)B:\8%>@17,@%,AB@%B,/1%>:+2%):8A1AB1@,8 6%18F,AB1/%)1<8+,AC1):8:/@%.2%\ %8:8/A%1+1A,9<,8pxwuC8%B:AB%+:@%)CI%)%@)%A% B,82%6%.:@7%+,+:A@,(%8%+%A+,>%8):8C8/@%(%+:,8@,61,F,?C,@,>@,A,8B%(%+,7:b +: 1):8:/@&.1): 6%A :8+%A ,6-)B@1)%A\ % .:@7% @,AC6B%8B, ,H>61)%(% A18 ,?C2F:):A ?C, >:@ 7,+1:+,6)%6:@,6>%8A,):8F,@B2%,8B:AB%+%\ 47. Lisa Krohn: prototipo de contestador automático, 1987. 48. Paul Montgomery: prototipo de deshumidificador, 1987. %_A,7&8B1)%+,6>@:+C)B:`8:,AC8*..):C8,AB16:YA18:C8%.16:A:.2%+,6+1A,9:?C,+,b .1,8+,?C,6:A>@:+C)B:AcA:(@,B:+:6:A,6,)B@<81):Ac+,(,8>%@,),@6:?C,0%),8\A+,)1@Y AC .:@7% +,(, A1/81.1)%@ : AC/,@1@ +, 7%8,@% 7&A : 7,8:A .1/C@%B1F% )C&6 ,A AC CA:\ AB% %>@:H17%)1<87,B%.<@1)%.C,@&>1+%7,8B,%+:>B%+%,8,67:(161%@1:>:@?C,.:@7%(%>%@B, +,AC01AB:@1%\8)%7(1:,@%7&A>@:(6,7&B1)%,86:A## 65,6,)B@<81):A>:@?C,)%@,)2%8 +,)C%6?C1,@B@%+1)1<8I>:@?C,Y,86:A%9:AA,B,8B%A,,7>,9%(%8,8%+:>B%@6%.:@7%+,6% 71AB,@1:A%_)%4%B,)8:6</1)%`\1A%@:08IC)5,@ 1,7,1AB,@+,7%@B,A1/8Y+1A,9%@:8,8 pxwvC8):8B,AB%+:@%CB:7&B1):?C,YB:7%8+:):7:@,.,@,8)1%6%1+,%+,6:A7,8A%4,A,Ab )@1B:AY%+:>B%(%6%.:@7%+,C8%%/,8+%+,A:(@,7,A%,86%?C,%6>%A%@)%+%>&/18%A,%)b B1F%(%IA,,H>61)%(%C8%.C8)1<8+,B,@718%+%\,,AB,7:+:,6CAC%@1:A,%0:@@%(%6%,8/:b @@:A%6,)BC@%+,67%8C%6+,18AB@C))1:8,A\ % A,7&8B1)% +,6 >@:+C)B: : +1A,9: 7,B%.<@1):Y .C, %):/1+% ):8 /@%8 ,8BCA1%A7: >:@ 6% ):7C81+%+18B,@8%)1:8%6+,6+1A,9:?C,F1:,8,66%C8%,A)%>%B:@1%%6:A,AB@,)0:A6271B,A cqppc $# ?C,0%(2%17>C,AB:6%+:)B@18%+,6.C8)1:8%61A7:\+,7&A+,6,6,7,8B:A17(<61):,8,6B,b @@,8: ,AB@1)B%7,8B,Y .:@7%6 %>%@,)1,@:8 628,%A A,+C)B:@%A %662 +:8+, %8B,A 0%(2% 628,%A I &8/C6:A@,)B:A:)C@F%A+,):7>&AZ6:A):6:@,A8,CB@:A+,4%(%8>%A:%6:A):6:@,A(@166%8b B,AI6%AAC>,@.1)1,A61A%A+%(%8>%A:%6%AAC>,@.1)1,AB,HBC@%+%A\ 18,7(%@/:Y):7::)C@@2%,8,6)%A:+,6+1A,9: /@&.1):Y0%(2%,6>,61/@:+,?C,6%A,7&8B1)%+,6 >@:+C)B: .C,@% +1FC6/%+% ):7: C8 ,AB16: )C%8b +:,8@,%61+%+8:6:,@%I%?C,A,B@%B%(%+,C8 +1A>:A1B1F: B,<@1): >%@% 18F,AB1/%@ 6% ):8AB@C)b )1<8+,6A1/81.1)%+:\prwA2?C,Y,8@%8(@::5YA, >@:>CA1,@:8 66,F%@ ,6 +,(%B, C8 >:): 7&A %66& >@:>:81,8+: )C,AB1:8,A +, 7%I:@ )%6%+:\ % A,7&8B1)%+,6>@:+C)B:B:7<C8%8C,F%+1@,)b )1<8 %617,8B%+% >:@ 6% .16:A:.2% .@%8),A% >:ABb ,AB@C)BC@%61AB% 8: >@:>C,AB% ,8 B-@718:A +, B,:@2%61B,@%@1%A18:,86:AB-@718:A?C,,8B1,8b +,8 6:A +1A,9%+:@,AY ,A: ,AY A, B@%B%(% +, ,Hb B,8+,@ 6:A 66%7%+:A _.%)B:@,A 0C7%8:A` c,6 >@:/@%7%.C8)1:8%6cY+,6:.2A1):I6:.1A1:6</1): % 6: )C6BC@%6\prx % 1+,% ,@% ?C, 6% .:@7% >:+2% B:+%F2%A,/C1@%6%.C8)1<8\%+1.,@,8)1%,@%?C, ,8@%8(@::56%>A1):6:/2%I6%)C6BC@%B%7(1-8 A,):8A1+,@%(%8.C8)1:8,A\ ,6 .16<A:.: .@%8)-A ,%8 %C+@166%@+Y A, B:7%b @:8 6%A 1+,%A +, _6% )C6BC@% +,6 :(4,B:` I _6% 49. Alen Hori: cartel para una exposición .C8)1<8 +,6 A1/8:` ,8 @,6%)1<8 ):8 6:A :(4,B:A sobre la tipografía como discurso, 1989. ,8C818B,8B:>:@,H>61)%@)<7:6:A+1A,9:AA:8 )<7>61),A+,6%)@,%)1<8+,6:A71B:A+:7-AB1):A>:@>%@B,+,ACA>@:>1,B%@1:A\pso18,7b (%@/:6%AB,:@2%A+,%C+@166%@+B,82%8C8.C8+%7,8B:7%@H1AB%6:?C,8:,@%7CI(1,8F,b 81+:,8C8),8B@:?C,8:)C,AB1:8%(%6%AF1@BC+,A+,6%,):8:72%+,7,@)%+:\ % %+1)1<8 +, A1/81.1)%+: ,8 6:A >@:+C)B:A +, 6% B,)8:6:/2% ,6,)B@<81)% A, 01J: ):8A)1,8B,b 7,8B,>,@:>%@%4CJ/%@,6/@%+:,8?C,,6A1/81.1)%+:>:+2%:+,(,@2%A,@18B@:+C)1+:):7: %)B:+,61(,@%+:+,+1A,9:A,(CA)<18A>1@%)1<8,86%.16:A:.2%):8:)1+%):7:.,8:7,8:6:/2%\ %C@1), ,@6,%Cb:8BI A:AB1,8, ?C, )C%6?C1,@ 18B,8B: +, 18F,AB1/%@ 6% ):8)1,8)1% c,8 ,AB, )%A:6%+17,8A1<8@%)1:8%6+,6+1A,9:c.@%)%A%@&A1+,A%B1,8+,6%):8B@1(C)1<8+,C8:71A7: c6%+17,8A1<818BC1B1F%+,6+1A,9:\psp:@6:B%8B:Y6%18B,8)1<8+,6+1A,9%+:@+,)@,%@C8>@:b +C)B:Y>:@,67,@:0,)0:+,AC)@,%)1<8YI%17>61)%C8%,H>@,A1<8+,A271A7:\:A.,8:7,b 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