¿La respuesta está en las plantas? Por Florencia

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Independientemente de lo señalado precedentemente cabe destacar que los
costos de estas energías alternativas son variables y elevados respectos a las
fuentes convencionales tal como se muestra a continuación:
Energía:
Solar Eólica
Geotermal
Costo (u$s/Kw/h)
0.20
0.04/0.06 0.05/0.08
Fuente: Departamento de energía de los EE UU de NA
Biomasa
0.06/0.20
Hidroléctrica
0.02/0.06
!
Este punto es también señalado por Bender (1999) quien expresa que 12
recientes análisis de factibilidad económica de biodiesel muestran que sus costos
L+1/;,070#60!)#2!*0!,21!724+301!/#=036/*)7;301!*0!,+1!-)6)3+1!)1)23/+1!30150=6+!2,!
de producción, tanto en los EE UU de NA como en los países de la Unión
;/+*/010,!
01!son
1/! 2=6)2,70#60!
7+6+301! antes
=252=01!
-)#=/+#23!
2! 0160!
Europea,
superiores al0Y/160#!
precio corriente
de *0!
impuestos
del G32=/21!
diesel oil.
=+7;)16/;,0!4!1/!1)!30#*/7/0#6+!01!/G)2,!2,!8)0!53010#62#!,+1!7+6+301!*0!*/010,!-C1/,@!
También señala que la incorporación de recuperos provenientes de los
coproductos
obtenidos, tal
la glicerina,
incorporan
un grado
adicional
de *0,!
"Y60#121!
/#9016/G2=/+#01!
10!como
N2#! ,,092*+!
2! =2;+!
2,! 30150=6+!
0#! 6+*21!
523601!
inestabilidad
al
proyecto
ya
que
sus
precios
son
altamente
volátiles,
en
el
caso
de
7)#*+@!!E!7+*+!*0!0K075,+!0#!,2!-/G)32!$!10!7)01632#!,+1!301),62*+1!*0!)#!0#124+!
la
glicerina
su
precio
pasó
de
u$s
3,52/kg
en
1990
cuando
se
planeó
la *0!
302,/>2*+! 5+3! 6O=#/=+1! *0! ,2! \E."! 0#! =+,2;+32=/C#! =+#! 0,! .05236270#6+!
construcción de la fábrica a u$s 1,76 /kg. en 1991 y alcanzó los 0,66 u$s / kg. en
f#G0#/03T2! ()32,! *0,! fFeE! 1+;30! )#! 632=6+3! d+N#! .0030! =+#! ;/+*/010,! 2,! $PP[!
1999.
Ig$PPJ@!!
Su resumen se detalla en el cuadro siguiente:
!
John Deere 5410
Deere 5410
Capacidad deJohnPotencia
Consumo Horario
18
2.0
2.0
2.017
2.0
7.5
12.0
115.0
Planta
16
15
(Ml/año)
14
Proceso
13
Continuo Continuo Continuo
Continuo Bach Continuo Continuo
12
Producto
11
Soja
Colza
Girasol
Grasa
Nabo
Grasa
Grasa
10
9
Factor de
8
conversión
gasoil
Con medidor
8.7
3.7
3.0 7
1.0 Con medidor2.4
0.9biodiesel
0.9
6
(kg/l)
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
2700
Regimen Motor (v/min)
Precio
0.20
0.17
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.29
0.29
(u$s/kg)
John Deere 5410
John Deere 5410
Par motor
específico
Costo
M.P.
35
1.74
0.63
0.721.000
0.26 Consumo
0.70
0.26
0.26
900
30
Costos del
25
0.19
0.15
0.15 800
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.03
700
Capital
600
20
500
Costos
15
0.28
0.16
0.16 400
0.09
0.19
0.09
0.07
Operativos
10
300
200
Biodiesel
Gasoil
5
Insumos
100
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.02
0
0
químicos
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
39
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
2700
Regimen Motor (v/min)
Regimen Motor (v/min)
Costo
elaboración.
2.23
0.96
1.05
0.50
1.06
0.43
0.38
89:)%#$7;!h)0#60U!!f#-+370!1+;30!g/+*/010,<!`++3*/#2=/C#!i0#032,U!
f#G@!")G0#/+!h@!
biodiesel
VALTRA BH 180
180
Potencia
Ingresos por
`+332*/#/@!
160
subproductos
140
120
"160!016)*/+<!2,!/G)2,!+63+1<!7)01632!8)0!,21!*/-030#=/21!0#630!)#!6/5+!*0!=+7;)16/;,0!
Glicerina
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.06
0.06
80
70
50
Consumo l/h
Potencia (CV)
60
40
30
Biodiesel
Gasoil
20
10
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
Regimen Motor (v/min)
2100
2300
2500
Consumo g/CVh
Par motor kgm
0
700
Potencia (CV)
38
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51
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100
80
GASOIL
60
BIODIESEL
40
20
0
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
Regimen Motor (v/min)
2300
2500
40
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