Descargar 84,8 kb - U

',1$0,&$'(0(&$1,6026'(81*5$'2'(/,%(57$'
/DHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDGHFXHUSRUtJLGRSXHGHVHSDUDUVHHQGRVWpUPLQRVXQRTXH
GHSHQGHGHODYHORFLGDGGHOFHQWURGHPDVD\HORWURTXHGHSHQGHGHODYHORFLGDGDQJXODU
GHOFXHUSR3DUDXQPHFDQLVPRFRQYDULRV FXHUSRVODHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDWRWDOVHUiODVXPDGH
ODVHQHUJtDVLQGLYLGXDOHV$VtODHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDVHSXHGHHVFULELUFRPR
(& ¦ PL ^9L ` ^9L ` ^Z L ` >, L @^Z L `
Q
7
7
'RQGH ^9L ` UHSUHVHQWDODYHORFLGDGGHOFHQWURGHPDVDGHOFXHUSRL\ ^Z L ` UHSUHVHQWDOD
YHORFLGDGDQJXODUGHOFXHUSRLDPEDVPHGLGDVHQFRRUGHQDGDVGHXQVLVWHPDLQHUFLDO
6LVHGHILQHQORVVLJXLHQWHVYHFWRUHVFROXPQDVFRPR
L ^9* `
^Z `
&RO 9* [ 9* \ 9*] 9* [ 9* \ 9* ] 9*Q] &RO Z [ Z \ Z ] Z [ Z Q] HQWRQFHVGHILQLHQGRDSURSLDGDPHQWHXQDPDWUL]PDVD >0 @ \XQDPDWUL]GHLQHUFLD >, * @ OD
HQHUJtDFLQpWLFDWRWDOGHOVLVWHPDSXHGHH[SUHVDUVHFRPR
(& ^9* ` >0 @^9* ` ^Z ` >, * @^Z `
3DUDXQVLVWHPDGHXQVRORJUDGRGHOLEHUWDGORVYHFWRUHV ^9* ` \ ^Z ` SXHGHQHVFULELUVHHQ
WpUPLQRVGHODYHORFLGDGJHQHUDOL]DGD T \GHXQYHFWRUGHFRHILFLHQWHVGHYHORFLGDGHV
7
7
^9* `
^Z ` T^. Z `
T^. * `
&RQHVWDVGHILQLFLRQHVODHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDWRWDOSXHGHHVFULELUVHHQWpUPLQRVGH T (& T ^. * ` >0 @^. * ` ^. Z ` >, * @^. Z `
7
7
3RUDQDORJtDFRQODH[SUHVLyQSDUDODHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDGHXQDSDUWtFXODODH[SUHVLyQDQWHULRU
VHSXHGHSRQHUFRPR
(& ‚T T GRQGH
‚T ^. * `7 >0 @^. * ` ^. Z `7 >, * @^. Z `
VHGHQRPLQDLQHUFLDJHQHUDOL]DGDODTXHHVXQDIXQFLyQGHT
0(&$1,60263/$126
(QHOFDVRGHPHFDQLVPRVSODQRV
(& ¦ 0 L9*L ¦ , *LZ L
Q
Q
L L GRQGHVHSXHGHSRQHUTXH
9*L 9*L[
9*L\
SRUORTXH
Z L
. ZL T (& T ¦ 0 L . *L[
¦ , *L . ZL . *L\
TXHVHSXHGHSRQHUFRPR
GRQGH
. *L[
T . *L\
Q
Q
L L (& ‚T T ‚T ¦0
Q
L L . *L[ . *L\ ¦ , *L . ZL Q
L )8(5=$6*(1(5$/,=$'$6
7RGDVODVIXHU]DV\WRUTXHVTXHWUDEDMDQVREUHHOVLVWHPDLQIOX\HQHQVXUHVSXHVWD
GLQiPLFD$KRUDVHGHWHUPLQDUiXQDIXHU]DJHQHUDOL]DGDTXHFXDQGRDFW~HDWUDYpVGHXQ
FDPELRYLUWXDOGHFRRUGHQDGDGTUHDOLFHXQWUDEDMRYLUWXDO4GTLJXDODODVXPDGHOWUDEDMR
YLUWXDOGHODVIXHU]DV\WRUTXHVUHDOHVPRYLpQGRVHDWUDYpVGHVXVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVYLUWXDOHV
DVRFLDGRV
6HDQ)L ODVIXHU]DVH[WHUQDVDSOLFDGDVHQXELFDFLRQHVGHILQLGDVSRUORVYHFWRUHV
SRVLFLyQUL$QiORJDPHQWHVHDQ&M ORVWRUTXHVH[WHUQRVDFWXDQGRHQiQJXORVTM(OWUDEDMR
YLUWXDOVHUi
G: ¦ )L ˜ GUL ¦ & M ˜ GT M
L
M
GDGRTXHWRGDVODVSRVLFLRQHVVRQIXQFLRQHVGHODFRRUGHQDGDJHQHUDOL]DGDTORV
GHVSOD]DPLHQWRVYLUWXDOHVSXHGHQVHUHVFULWRVFRPR
SRUORTXH
GUL
GUL
GT
GT
G:
¦ )L ˜ L ¦ & M ˜
GT
GU
L
M
GRQGH4HVODIXHU]DJHQHUDOL]DGD
4 GT M
GT M
¦ ) ˜ GT ¦ &
L
L
GUL
M
\ODSRWHQFLDGHHQWUDGDVHUiLJXDOD
3RWHQFLD G:
GW
4T
M
˜
GT
GT M
GT
GT
GT M
GT
GT
4G T
(&8$&,21'((.6(5*,$1
(VVDELGRTXHHOWUDEDMRUHDOL]DGRVREUHXQVLVWHPDPHFiQLFRHVLJXDODOFDPELRGH
HQHUJtDFLQpWLFDGHOVLVWHPD(VWRVHSXHGHHVFULELUFRPR
3RWHQFLDHQWUDGD G (QHUJtD&LQpWLFD GW
&RPR
(& ‚T T (QWRQFHV
3RUORTXH
G‚ TT ‚TT 4T
GT
G‚ T
4
GT
TXHHVOD(FXDFLyQGH(NVHUJLDQSDUDHOPRYLPLHQWRGHXQVLVWHPDGHXQVRORJUDGRGH
OLEHUWDG
G‚
6LVHGHILQH 9 T ODHFXDFLyQDQWHULRUVHSXHGHSRQHUFRPR
GT
‚T T 9 T T 4
GRQGH 9 T VHFRQRFHFRPRHOFRHILFLHQWHFHQWUtIXJR
‚T (1(5*,$327(1&,$/5(35(6(17$&,21'()8(5=$6&216(59$7,9$6
6XSRQJDPRVTXHODIXHU]D)L TXHDFW~DHQHOSXQWRUL HVWpFRQVWLWXLGDSRUGRVSDUWHV
XQDSDUWHFRQVHUYDWLYD\ODRWUDQRFRQVHUYDWLYD/DIXHU]DFRQVHUYDWLYDSXHGHHVFULELUVH
FRPRHOQHJDWLYRGHO JUDGLHQWHGHODIXQFLyQSRWHQFLDODVRFLDGD
)L )FF )L QF ’9L )L QF
$VtODIXHU]DJHQHUDOL]DGD4UHVXOWDQWHWDPELpQVHSXHGHH[SUHVDUHQGRVSDUWHV
4
¦ ) ˜ GT ¦ ’9
L
L
GUL
L
L
GU
GT
)L QF ˜
L
¦
L
G9L
GU
¦ )L QF ˜ L
GT
GT
L
G9
4 QF
GT
GRQGH9UHSUHVHQWDODHQHUJtDSRWHQFLDOWRWDOGHOVLVWHPDHQWDQWRTXH 4 QF HVODIXHU]D
JHQHUDOL]DGDQRFRQVHUYDWLYD$VtODHFXDFLyQGH(NVHUJLDQDGTXLHUHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD
4
G9
4 QF
GT
(VWDHFXDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDOTXHGHVFULEHHOPRYLPLHQWRGHXQPHFDQLVPRGHXQJUDGR
GHOLEHUWDGHVJHQHUDOPHQWHGHXQDJUDQFRPSOHMLGDGVLHQGRHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVQR
OLQHDOFRQFRHILFLHQWHVYDULDEOHV(VWHWLSRGHHFXDFLRQHVQRUPDOPHQWHVRQUHVXHOWDV
QXPpULFDPHQWH(OPpWRGRGH5XQJH.XWWDHVXQDWpFQLFDGHVROXFLyQQXPpULFDTXH
JHQHUDOPHQWHGDEXHQRVUHVXOWDGRVHQSUREOHPDVGHPHFDQLVPRV
‚T T 9 T T $OJRULWPRGH5XQJH.XWWDSDUD(FXDFLRQHV'LIHUHQFLDOHVGHž2UGHQ
6HDODHFXDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDO
T
I W T T (ODOJRULWPRGH5XQJH.XWWDSURYHHXQPpWRGRSDUDGHWHUPLQDUQXHYRVSXQWRVGHODFXUYD
VROXFLyQFDGDXQREDVDGRHQXQSXQWRDQWHULRU\HQFXDWURHYDOXDFLRQHVGHODIXQFLyQGH
VHJXQGDGHULYDGD I W T T 3DUDXQLQFUHPHQWRGHWLHPSRKORVQXHYRVYDORUHVVRQ
GRQGH
T Q T Q K>T Q P P P @
T Q T Q WQ P
P
P
P
P P P P WQ K
KI W Q T Q T Q KI W Q K T Q KT Q P K T Q P KI W Q K T Q KT Q P K T Q P KI W Q K T Q KT Q P K T Q P (-(03/2$OPHFDQLVPRGHFXDWUREDUUDVGHODILJXUDVHDSOLFDXQWRUTXHLPSXOVLYR
7W 1ÂPGXUDQWHV(VWHPHFDQLVPRWLHQHDFRSODGRXQDPRUWLJXDGRUGHFRHILFLHQWH
% 1ÂVPWDOFRPRVHPXHVWUD6LHOPHFDQLVPRHVWiHQUHSRVRSDUDODSRVLFLyQT UDGLDQHV\VLVHGHVSUHFLDHOHIHFWRGHODJUDYHGDGGHWHUPLQHFXDOHVODYHORFLGDGDQJXODU
Pi[LPDTXHDOFDQ]DHOFXHUSR
'DWRVF PF PF PF P
, NJÂP,* NJÂP, NJÂP
0 NJ
;E P<E P
8* P9* P
/DHFXDFLyQGHEXFOHGHOPHFDQLVPRSHUPLWHSODQWHDU
F& T F &I F &I F GHGRQGH
FRQ
F 6 T F 6 I F 6 I I
I
$
FF 6 T
. I
.I /I /I ª $ r $ % & WJ «
&%
«¬
ª F 6 T F 6 I º
VHQ «
»
F
¬
¼
%
º
»
»¼
F F& T F &
F 6 T I F 6 I I F 6 I T
F 6 I I F& T . I F &I . I F &I &I F 6 T . IF 6 I . I F 6 I 6 I F 6 I I F& T . IF &I . I F &I &I F 6 T . I F 6 I . I F 6 I 6 I /DSRVLFLyQGH* HVWiGDGDSRU
F 6 I I ;* F& T 8 * &I 9* 6 I <* F 6 T 8 * 6 I 9* &I 3RUORTXH
F F F F FF & T
9* .*[L.*\M T
.*[ F 6 T ± 8*.I 6 I ± 9*.I &I .*\ F & T 8*.I &I ± 9*.I 6 I 'RQGH
\SRUORWDQWR
/* [
F& T 8 * /I 6 I 8 * . I&I 9* /I &I 9* . I 6 I /* \
F 6 T 8 * /I &I 8 * . I 6 I 9* /I 6 I 9* . I&I /DHQHUJtDFLQpWLFDGHOVLVWHPDHV
(& 0 9* , * T 0 9* , * I 0 9* , * I
(& T > 0 . * [ . * \ , * 0 . * [ . * \ , * . I 0 . * [ . * \ , * . I @
TXHVHSXHGHSRQHUFRPR
(& T > , 2 , 2 . I 0 . * [ . * \ , * . I @
3RUORTXH
\
‚T 9 T
, 2 , 2 . I 0 . * [ . * \ , * . I
G‚
GT
, 2 . I /I , * . I /I 0 . * [ /* [ . * \ /* \ (OWUDEDMRYLUWXDOGHOWRUTXHDSOLFDGR\GHODIXHU]DGHODPRUWLJXDGRUSHUPLWHGHILQLUOD
IXHU]DJHQHUDOL]DGDGHOVLVWHPD
G:
7 W GT %' G'
GRQGH'HVODORQJLWXGGHODPRUWLJXDGRU(VWDORQJLWXGHVWiGDGDSRU
GHGRQGH
G'
.'
GT
'
; E F& T F & I F 6 T F 6 I < E ; E F& T F &I F 6 T F 6 I . I F 6 T F 6 I <E F& T F &I . I ; E F& T F &I F 6 T F 6 I <E 6LVHSRQH
'
(QWRQFHV
G:
. ' T
\ G'
. ' GT
>7 W %T. @GT
'
3RUORTXH
4 7 W %T. '
$VtODHFXDFLyQDUHVROYHUHV
T
>
4 W 9 T T ‚T @