Precios, inversión y economía política de la energía eléctrica

122
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Juan Benavides
Ph. D. Economía de Recursos Energéticos. Profesor Asociado, Facultad de Administración, Universidad de los
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[email protected]
RESUMEN Este artículo aborda diversos asuntos centra-
ran algunas de las restricciones que el proceso político
les al diseño de arquitecturas de mercados eléctricos.
impone al proceso de reforma de sectores eléctricos de
Primero, se enuncian las características económicas de
propiedad pública, concluyendo con la necesidad de
la electricidad cuyos mercados son inherentemente in-
usar un enfoque de costos de transacción en el proceso
completos e imperfectamente competitivos. Se discuten
de reforma.
además el papel y el alcance de la adaptación frecuente de precios como instrumento de maximización del
PALABRAS CLAVE
bienestar, así como la complementariedad entre adap-
Mercados
tación de precios y adición de capacidad, que se puede
generación eléctrica, reformas del sector eléctrico,
formular de manera compacta usando el lenguaje de
economía política, costos de transacción.
de
energía,
precios
spot,
inversión
en
las desigualdades variacionales. Finalmente, se enume-
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ABSTRACT This piece puts together several strands of
inequalities. Finally, it points out some of the real-politik
conceptual themes that are central to the design of
constraints that emerge in the process of reforming
electricity market architectures. It starts by delineating
publicly-owned electricity systems and concludes with
the economic characteristics of electricity (whose
the need of using a transaction-cost approach in the
wholesale markets are inherently incomplete and
reform design process.
imperfectly competitive). The role and scope of
frequent price adaptation as a welfare maximizing tool
KEYWORDS
is also discussed, as well as the complementary nature
Energy markets, spot pricing, power generation
of price adaptation and capacity expansion, which can
investment, energy sector reforms, political economy,
be compactly expressed with the help of variational
transaction costs.
#25 revista de ingeniería. Universidad de los Andes. rev.ing.ISSN 0121-4993. Mayo 2007
dossier
# 25 revista de ingeniería
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# 25 revista de ingeniería
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REFERENCIAS
[1] J. A. Robinson y R. Torvik.
´:KLWHHOHSKDQWVµ Journal of Public Economics,
[2] A. Chong y J. Benavides.
´3ULYDWL]DWLRQDQG5HJXODWLRQLQ/DWLQ$PHULFDµ(Q
(GXDUGR/RUD(GThe Reform of the State in Latin America.
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[3] R. Wilson.
´$UFKLWHFWXUHRISRZHUPDUNHWVµEconometrica
[4] W. Vickrey.
´5HVSRQVLYH3ULFLQJRI3XEOLF8WLOLW\6HUYLFHVµBell
Journal of Economics
[5] J. Benavides.
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*HQHUDWLRQLQWKH&RQWH[WRI8QFHUWDLQW\µ3K'7KHVLV
7KH3HQQV\OYDQLD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\6WDWH&ROOHJH3$
[6] J. Benavides.
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&RQVLGHUDWLRQVIRUWKH(OHFWULFLW\6HFWRUµ6'67HFKQLFDO
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[7] O. E. Williamson.
The Mechanisms of Governance1HZ<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\
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