μ μ μ μ μ n0 sin i n1 sin r E B t H J D t D f B 0 D 0 E P B 0 H M ε μ ρ 2 E n2 ( ) 2 c2 E0 V μ c a n12 n22 μ ( ) n( ) c 1 1 0 1 ( 0 ) 2 ( 0 ) 2 3 ( 0 )3 ... 2 6 B nx ny LB B n n n2 E 2 2 2 A 3 3 A A i | A |2 Ai 2 i A A | A |2 A TR A 2 3 z 2 2 T 6 T 0 T T n20 cA eff π π π π V (t ) Vbias Vmod (t ) V Vpol m cos LOt E (t ) 2 P t ff cos Vpol m cos LOt cos 0 2 E (t ) J 0 m cos V pol cos 0t J1 m sin V pol cos (0 LO )t 2 2 2 2 J1 m sin V pol cos (0 LO )t J 2 m cos V pol cos (0 2LO )t 2 2 2 2 J 2 m cos V pol cos (0 2LO )t J 3 m sin V pol cos (0 3LO )t 2 2 2 2 J 3 m sin V pol cos (0 3LO )t ... 2 2 μ μ f2 N j 2 f ( k 1) H RF ( f ) cos Pk e 2 k 1 β c 1 4 μ 4 1 2 3 L D Bragg 2neff B n L D i 1 i i 0 n Lie ngi i 1 c n L fs c L n i 1 i r i g c μ μ “ ” – μ μ μ μ μμ μ μμ μ μ ‐ ‐ “ – μ μ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ υ Pump Pump Idler ν3 Idler ν1 ν2 ν4 Frequency DFB High power EDFA 900m HNLF PMF ECL SSMF QB DD-MZM BPF 0º 90º Vector network analyser 5 0 Relative optical power (dB) -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 1552 1554 1556 1558 1560 1562 1564 Wavelength (nm) 1566 1568 1570 18 20 0 Normalized amplitude (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 2 4 6 8 10 12 Frequency (GHz) 14 16 -5 0 -10 -10 Normalized amplitude (dB) Optical power (dB) -15 -20 -25 -30 -20 -30 -40 -35 -50 -40 -45 1554 1556 1558 1560 1562 Wavelength (nm) 1564 1566 1568 -60 2 4 6 8 10 12 Frequency (GHz) 14 16 18 20 -5 -10 -15 Optical power (dB) -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 1554 1556 1558 1560 1562 1564 Wavelength (nm) 0 0 -10 -10 Normalized amplitude (dB) Normalized amplitude (dB) -55 1552 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 1566 1568 8 10 12 Frequency (GHz) 14 1570 -20 -30 -40 -50 2 4 6 8 10 12 Frequency (GHz) 14 16 18 20 -60 2 4 6 16 18 20 0 Normalized amplitude (dB) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 2 4 6 8 10 12 Frequency (GHz) 14 16 18 20 ( z ) max sin l 4 max z l 0 2 max 0 π π π EPM (t ) E0 J 0 (mPM )e j0t E0 J1 (mPM )e j (0 RF )t E0 J1 (mPM )e j (0 RF )t μ ( ) n( ) 1 1 0 1 ( 0 ) 2 ( 0 ) 2 3 ( 0 )3 ... c 2 6 2 c 2 2 2 2 c S 2 3 D 2 2 A 3 3 A A i | A |2 Ai 2 i A A | A |2 A TR A 2 3 z 2 2 T 6 T 0 T T n20 cAeff LD L 'D LNL T0 2 | 2 | T03 | 3 | 1 P0 μ μ out ESOA (t ) I SOA1 (1 XGM ·exp(t / rec )) exp j SOA1 XPM ·exp(t / rec ) 1 out SOA2 E (t ) I SOA2 exp jSOA2 exp j π μ τ f rep ODL DT υ system DT TBP DT system τ τ τ τ τ τ μ μ DCF 2 3 DCF 3 DCF S DCF ( ) S fs FL ( ) exp j 2 L 6 2 ω ω j Sout ( ) S fs FL ( LO ) exp 3 2 DCF 3 DCF LO LDCF LO 2 6 1 exp j 2 DCF 3 DCF LO LDCF LO 2 j exp 2 DCF LDCF 2 SSMF LSSMF 3 DCF LDCF LO 2 2 j exp 3 DCF LDCF 3 SSMF LSSMF 3 6 ω ω 1 2 DCF 2 DCF LO 3 DCF LO L 2 π β β