El mercado de residencias médicas en México

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PERSPECTIVAS Revista de Análisis de Economía, Comercio y Negocios Internacionales
Volumen 8 / No. 1 / enero - junio 2014 / 85 - 102
ISSN 2007-2104
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PERSPECTIVAS. Revista de Análisis de Economía, Comercio y Negocios Internacionales / Volumen 8 / No. 1 / enero-junio 2014
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92
PERSPECTIVAS. Revista de Análisis de Economía, Comercio y Negocios Internacionales / Volumen 8 / No. 1 / enero-junio 2014
34 4=2>=CA0A;> H 34 => 4=2>=CA0A ;D60A 4= =8=6D=0 34 ;0B 3>B >?28>=4B ;4
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?>A D= 7>B?8C0; B 3428A 0; >1C4=4A D= ?D=C094 B0C8B502C>A8> 4= 4; 4G0
<4= B4 C84=4 4; 2>AA4B?>=384=C4 24AC8J203> @D4 7018;8C0 0; <Q382> 0 A40;8I0A
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3414 2>=C02C0AB4 2>= ;>B 7>B?8C0;4B ?0A0 >1C4=4A 4; ;D60A 3>=34 A40;8I0AO BD
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El mercado de residencias médicas en México
93
0 @D4 B4 0?AD414 4; $(# ;6D=>B 34 ;>B 7>B?8C0;4B <OB A4@D4A83>B
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?A4B4=C0AB4 0 D=> 34 4;;>B D0=3> 4B ?>B81;4 ;>B <Q382>B B4 ?A4B4=C0= 0
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4BCA82C0B D0=3> D= A4B834=C4 4BCO 34109> 34 4= B86=8J20 @D4 ?A4J4A4 3490A ;0 ?;0I0 E02R0 0 0B86=0A;0 0 &>A V;C8<> 2030 7>B?8C0; )>1A4 4; ?A>1;4<0 4BCA0CQ682> 34 ;0 J9028T= 34 ;0 54270 34 ;>B 4GO<4=4B ?D434 2>=
BD;C0AB4 74= H !0> = 64=4A0; ;0B ?A454A4=280B 34 ;>B 7>B?8C0;4B B4 34J=4= B>1A4 BD12>9D=C>B 34 <Q382>B
H B4 DC8;8I0 4; BD?D4BC> 34 @D4 ;0B ?A454A4=280B B>= 6)74327-:) ?0A0 34J=8A ;0B ?A454A4=280B
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H )>C><0H>A 94
PERSPECTIVAS. Revista de Análisis de Economía, Comercio y Negocios Internacionales / Volumen 8 / No. 1 / enero-junio 2014
C84=4 D=0 2D>C0 <OG8<0 34 A4B834=C4B @D4 ?D434 03<8C8A 34=>C030 ?>A !3)%%8) #2% %7-+2%'-B2 )7 92% *92'-B2 8%0 59) 7 )2832')7 = 4%6% '%(% "0 =>C028T= B86=8J20 @D4 4; A4B834=C4 => 4B 0B86=03> 0 D=
7>B?8C0;
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!3)%%8) #2% %7-+2%'-B2 )7 )78%&0) 7-
)7 -2(-:-(9%01)28) 6%'-32%0
0 4%6% 83(3 =
1 4%6% 83(3 8%0 59) 23 8-)2) 4%6 &0359)%(36 23 )<-78) 92 4%6 8%0 59)
= 4%6% %0+D2 8%0 59) =
7- 92 6)7-()28) )7 8%0 59) 4%6% %0+D2 ,374-8%0 = )2832')7 ; >CA> 0G8><0 @D4 B4 4BCD380AO 4B 4; 34 4J284=280 34 &0A4C>
!3)%%8) #2% %7-+2%'-B2 )7 %6)83 )?'-)28) ()7() )0 49283 () :-78%
() 037 6)7-()28)7 7- 23 )<-78) 386% %7-+2%'-B2 8%0 59) 83(37 037 6)7-()28)7
46)?)6)2 % '32 46)*)6)2'-% )786-'8% 436 03 1)237 4%6% 923 () )0037
)4 ?A4B4=C0= 07>A0 3>B <420=8B<>B @D4 ?4A<8C4= 8<?;4<4=C0A 0B86=028T=
4BC01;4 H D=0 &0A4C> 4J284=C4 A4B?42C8E0<4=C4
; ?A8<4A 0;6>A8C<> 0?0A424 4= 0;4 H )70?;4H 4=>C0<>B 2><> 0; 20A38=0; 34; 2>=9D=C> El mercado de residencias médicas en México
95
' '#*,%.(* ! !+.%*) %"!,% ">B ?A8=28?8>B 34; <420=8B<> B>= ;>B B86D84=C4B = ?A8<4A ;D60A B4
4B2>64 D= ;03> 34; <4A203> 3860<>B ;>B A4B834=C4B ?0A0 7024A ;0B >54AC0B
> ?A>?D4BC0B ; >CA> 4= 4BC4 20B> ;>B 7>B?8C0;4B 024?C0= > A4270I0= ;0B
>54AC0B @D4 A42814= = ?0AC82D;0A 4; 0;6>A8C<> C84=4 ;>B B86D84=C4B ?0B>B
%73 030 A4B834=C4 B4 ?A>?>=4 0 BD 7>B?8C0; <OB ?A454A83> D0=3>
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E8B>A80<4=C4L ;>B <OB ?A454A83>B "0B >CA0B ?A>?D4BC0B B>= A4270I030B
= 64=4A0;
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;0 0B86=028T= J=0; ;0B ?A>?D4BC0B @D4 2030 7>B?8C0; <0=C84=4 B4 ED4;E4=
34J=8C8E0B
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;>B 7>B?8C0;4B
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; ;03> 34; <4A203> @D4 7024 ;0B >54AC0 ;;4E0 D=0 6A0= E4=C090 4BCA0CQ
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7-()28)7 = 92@2-1)1)28) 1)237 46)*)6-(% 436 037 ,374-8%0)7
96
PERSPECTIVAS. Revista de Análisis de Economía, Comercio y Negocios Internacionales / Volumen 8 / No. 1 / enero-junio 2014
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2>=BC8CD8AR0= D= ?0A 1;>@D403>A
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)0 ,374-8%0 7) 46)?)6)2 1989%1)28) % '9%059-)6 3863 %+)28) )78@2 )1
4%6).%(37 )2 '9%059-)6 1%8',-2+ )78%&0)
2>=C8=D028T= B4 2>=B834A0 4; ?A>1;4<0 34 A4E4;028T= 34 ?A454A4=280B
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El mercado de residencias médicas en México
97
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)8 4= 0;6V= ?0B> D= A4B834=C4 ?A4J4A4 => B4A 0B86=03> 0 B4A 0B86=03> 0 0;6D=> 34
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D= 282;> 34 ;>=68CD3 98
PERSPECTIVAS. Revista de Análisis de Economía, Comercio y Negocios Internacionales / Volumen 8 / No. 1 / enero-junio 2014
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