Contenidos 2º parcial

CONTENIDOS PARA EL SEGUNDO PARCIAL
TEMA 3
TEMA 4
TEMA 5
INGLÉS MÓDULO IV – E.S.P.A.D.
Pasado simple
Pasado continuo
Cuándo utilizar pasado simple y pasado continuo
Pasado perfecto
Primer condicional
Pronombres personales objeto
TEMA 3
PASADO SIMPLE
El pasado simple se utiliza para acciones o hechos concretos ocurridos en el pasado.
El verbo TO BE en pasado tiene dos formas, was y were. Igual que en presente, no toma el auxiliar do:
afirmativa
I was
you were
he/she/it was
we were
you were
they were
TO BE – pasado simple
negativa
negativa contraída
I was not
I wasn’t
you were not
you weren’t
he/she/it was not he/she/it wasn’t
we were not
we weren’t
you were not
you weren’t
they were not
they weren’t
interrogativa
Was I…?
Were you…?
Was he/she/it…?
Were we…?
Were you…?
Were they…?
El pasado del verbo CAN es could, y tampoco toma auxiliar. Para el resto de los verbos se conjuga el pasado
simple con la misma forma para todas las personas, poniendo en afirmativa el verbo en pasado (ver hojas que
se dieron en clase, verbos regulares y lista de verbos irregulares), y en negativa e interrogativa usando el
auxiliad DID y poniendo el verbo en forma base (infinitivo sin to):
afirmativa
I drove
you drove
he/she/it drove
we drove
you drove
they drove
TO DRIVE → pasado simple
negativa
negativa contraída
I did not drive
I didn’t drive
you did not drive
you didn’t drive
he/she/it did not drive
he/she/it didn’t drive
we did not drive
we didn’t drive
you did not drive
you didn’t drive
they did not drive
they didn’t drive
interrogativa
Did I drive?
Did you drive?
Did he/she/it drive?
Did we drive?
Did you drive?
Did they drive?
EL PASADO CONTINUO
Se utiliza para describir una acción o estado del pasado, y suele referirse a hechos que se alargan más en el
tiempo y que pueden ser interrumpidos por otra acción.
El pasado continuo de un verbo se forma con el verbo TO BE en pasado simple en la forma que corresponda y
el gerundio (-ing) del verbo. A la hora de añadir –ing al verbo puede haber cambios en la grafía:
afirmativa
I was driving
TO DRIVE → pasado continuo
negativa
negativa contraída
I was not driving
I wasn’t driving
interrogativa
Was I driving?
you were driving
he/she/it was driving
we were driving
you were driving
they were driving
you were not driving
he/she/it was not driving
we were not driving
you were not driving
they were not driving
you weren’t driving
he/she/it wasn’t driving
we weren’t driving
you weren’t driving
they weren’t driving
Were you driving?
Was he/she/it driving?
Were we driving?
Were you driving?
Were they driving?
CUÁNDO UTILIZAR PASADO SIMPLE Y PASADO CONTINUO
El pasado simple habla de hechos concretos o puntuales ocurridos en el pasado, mientras que las acciones
expresadas en pasado continuo son percibidas como inacabadas o más dilatadas en el tiempo. Por tanto, si en
una misma oración coinciden ambos tiempos, el verbo en PASADO CONTINUO se referirá a una acción que se
alarga más en el tiempo (puede ir precedido de WHILE), mientras que el verbo en PASADO SIMPLE expresará
una acción que la interrumpe (y puede ir precedido de WHEN).
PASADO PERFECTO
El pasado perfecto es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para hablar de lo que sucedió en el pasado, antes de otra
acción pasada. Se forma con HAD (el pasado del verbo HAVE) y el participio del verbo principal.
Participio: en los verbos regulares, el participio es igual que el pasado simple del verbo; en los verbos
irregulares, el participio es el que aparece en la tercera columna en la lista de verbos irregulares.
He had cleaned the house → Él había limpiado la casa
She had finished the exam → Ella había terminado el examen
We had seen the film → Nosotras habíamos visto la película
I had broken the glass → Yo había roto el vaso
afirmativa
I had driven
you had driven
he/she/it had driven
we had driven
you had driven
they had driven
TO DRIVE → pasado perfecto
negativa
negativa contraída
I had not driven
I hadn’t driven
you had not driven
you hadn’t driven
he/she/it had not driven he/she/it hadn’t driven
we had not driven
we hadn’t driven
you had not driven
you hadn’t driven
they had not driven
they hadn’t driven
interrogativa
Had I driven?
Had you driven?
Had he/she/it driven?
Had we driven?
Had you driven?
Had they driven?
TEMA 4
PRIMER CONDICIONAL
Las oraciones condicionales son oraciones compuestas, con una subordinada (la condición) y una principal (la
consecuencia). La condición va precedida de IF (=SI).
En el primer condicional la condición va en presente simple y la consecuencia en futuro:
IF we have money we will buy a car → SI tenemos dinero compraremos un coche
She’ll pass the exam IF she studies → Ella aprobará el examen SI estudia.
TEMA 5
PRONOMBRES PERSONALES OBJETO
Los pronombre personales objeto cumplen la función de objeto dentro de la oración, y en inglés se sitúan
después del verbo. Son: ME, YOU, HIM/HER/IT, US, YOU, THEM
Mark loves me → Mark me quiere
This is for you → Esto es para ti
Go with him → Ve con él
Tom gave them a present → Tom les dio un regalo