Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas
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Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas Modernos Fonética y Fonología II Inglés Semestre A-2008 Prof. Ingrid Goilo de Tyrode English phonemes Venezuelan Spanish phonemes Phoneme Manner of articulation \p\ plosive \p\ \b\ Place of articulation Voicing Force of air Spellings Word/syllable initial Examples Intervocalic Examples Syllable final followed syllable starting in C Word final examples bilabial - fortis p, pp, gh - -------- p pen, appear, impatient [“pÓ2] gospel [p 2] pan, pero, aspiro [p 2] + lenis big, beauty, husband [b ] bello, vello bote, ven [B ] captain, topmost, upward, pepsi [_pc] Pepsi [k, g, V, „, i] aptitud [k, g, V, „, p] hypnosis [k, g, V, „] obtain, object, observe [ bc] obtener, objeto, observar [k, g, V, „, B] top, pop, cheap [_p¯] top pop [/, „, ◊] b, bb capable upper paper [vpv] mapa, topo [vpv] papel baby, rubber above, ribbon [ vbv ] bebé bonito cava [B] plosive bilabial plosive bilabial tall, tea, tone, obtain [tÓ] important [t] ten, tomate, apto [t] letter, better, phonetic [vtv] lata, lote, pelota [vtv] outpost, football, outward [ tc] day, deal, ladder [d ] sudden [vd v] dama, dónde [d, D] hada, lado [vDv] admit, sadness [ dc] admitir, adquirir [k, g, V, „, D, t] set, sit, ticket, debt [ t¯] carnet, ticket [/, „, ◊] dead, [ d¯] \b\ plosive bilabial + ------ b, v \t\ plosive alveolar - fortis t, tt, th, -ed \t\ plosive dental - === t \d\ plosive alveolar + lenis d, dd, -ed \d\ plosive dental + ==== d étnico, atmósfera [k, g, V, „, D, t] robe, rub Bob, rib [_b¯] club [/, „, ◊] ciudad, verdad [/, „, ◊] Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas Modernos Fonética y Fonología II Inglés Semestre A-2006 Prof. Ingrid Goilo de Tyrode English phonemes Phoneme Manner of articulation Place of articulation Venezuelan Spanish phonemes +_ Voicing Force of air Spellings k, c, cc, q, qu, cqu, ch, ck Word/syllable initial Examples Intervocalic Examples Syllable final followed syllable starting in C Word final examples king, can, acquire [kÓ] Account, occur [vkv] blackboard, background [ kc] back, look [ k¯] casa, queso, kilo [k ] acá, acuso [vkv] técnico, activo [k, g, V, „] game, girl, ghost [g ] bigger, again [vgv] ignore, eggcup [ gc] tic-tac, frac [/, „, ◊] big, mug [ g¯] gato, gota [g, V] mago [V] ignorante. agnóstico [k, g, V, „] watchfull, churchbell [ tSc] \k\ plosive velar - fortis \k\ plosive velar - ------- c, k, qu \g\ plosive velar + lenis g, gg, gh, gu, gue \g\ plosive velar + -------- g \tS\ affricate palatoalveolar - fortis ch, tch, ti, tu chair, century [tS ] feature, butcher [ tS ] pachanga, hacha [tS, S] Margin, urgent, fragile [ dZ ] \tS\ affricate palatal - --------- ch Chamo, choza [tS, S] \dZ\ affricate palatoalveolar + --------- j, g, dg, dj jaw, adjective [dZ ] Big [/, „, ◊] watch, H [ tS¯] Ouch! judgement [ dZc] age, huge [ dZ¯] Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas Modernos Fonética y Fonología II Inglés Semestre A-2006 Prof. Ingrid Goilo de Tyrode English phonemes Phoneme Manner of articulation Place of articulation Venezuelan Spanish phonemes Voicing Force of air Spellings Word/syllable initial Examples Intervocalic Examples Syllable final followed syllable starting in C afternoon, offset \f\ fricative labio-dental - Fortis \f\ fricative labio-dental - -------- \v\ fricative labio-dental + lenis v, ve fricative dental - fortis th fricative dental + lenis th f, ff, ph, gh lively, evening \ \ breathless \T\ \ \ withdraw \D\ \ \ Word final examples Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas Modernos Fonética y Fonología II Inglés Semestre A-2006 Prof. Ingrid Goilo de Tyrode English phonemes Phoneme Manner of articulation Place of articulation Venezuelan Spanish phonemes Voicing Force of air Spellings s, se, ss, c, ce, sc, x \s\ fricative alveolar - fortis \s\ fricative alveolar - -------- \z\ fricative alveolar + lenis fricative palatal + --------- fricative palatoalveolar fricative palatoalveolar s, se, ss, z, zz, x Word/syllable initial Examples Intervocalic Examples Syllable final followed syllable starting in C Word final examples so, science receive decide escape pass, tense six zoo, zip scissors dizzy husband dogs, rose exam shoe, sure, mansion machine assure, nation ashtray genre Vision,casual, azure, issue ------------------------- \\ \J\ \S\ - fortis sh, ch, chs, s+u, ss +u, -ti-, -si-, -sci-, -ci, -ce- \ \ \Z\ g, si, s, z, ss+u, ge + lenis garage, massage Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas Modernos Fonética y Fonología II Inglés Semestre A-2006 Prof. Ingrid Goilo de Tyrode English phonemes Phoneme Manner of articulation Place of articulation Venezuelan Spanish phonemes Voicing Force of air \h\ fricative glottal - --------- \h\ fricative glottal - ---------- \m\ nasal bilabial + ----------- \m\ nasal bilabial + ----------- \n\ nasal alveolar + ---------- \n\ nasal alveolar + ----------- \≠\ nasal palatal + ---------- \N\ nasal velar + --------- Spellings Word/syllable initial Examples Intervocalic Examples Syllable final followed syllable starting in C Word final examples heat, he ahead ----------------------- ------------ h, wh m, mm, mb n, nn, gn, kn, pn ng, n+/k,g/ longhand, longstanding Universidad de Los Andes Escuela de Idiomas Modernos Fonética y Fonología II Inglés Semestre A-2006 Prof. Ingrid Goilo de Tyrode English phonemes Phoneme Manner of articulation Place of articulation Venezuelan Spanish phonemes Voicing Force of air Spellings Word/syllable initial Examples l, ll \l\ Lateral alveolar + --------- (Approximant) \l\ lateral alveolar + ---------- \r\ Frictionless Continuant (approximant) alveolar + ---------- r, rr, wr, rh \|\ Tap or flap alveolar + ---------- \r\ trill alveolar + ---------- \j\ Glide Semivowel \w\ (approximant) Glide Semivowel (approximant) palatal + ---------- Labio-velar + ---------- y, i, u, ue, ew, eu w, wh, u (after q, g, s) Intervocalic Examples Syllable final followed syllable starting in C ill-mannered Word final examples
