El desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico a través de diferentes
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ASIGNATURA: ENFERMERÍA CLÍNICA 1
CODIGO DE LA ASIGNATURA:
ESTUDIOS:
CÓDIGO TITULACIÓN
TIPO
CURSO
Grau en Infermeria Obligatoria Segundo
SEMESTRE
1º
CRÉDITOS ECTS: 6.00
DOCENTE:
IDIOMA EN QUE SE IMPARTE: Catalán
PRERREQUISITOS
[-]
CONOCIMIENTOS PREVIOS
[-]
ASIGNATURAS QUE SE HAN DE CURSAR SIMULTÁNEAMENTE
[-]
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ASIGNATURA
La Enfermería Clínica I se orienta hacia las curas enfermeras en personas con
problemas de salud en el ámbito hospitalario (se excluye los servicios especiales),
fundamentalmente en situaciones de procesos agudos.
OBJETIVOS DE LA ASIGNATURA
Los objetivos planteados en la asignatura de Enfermería Clínica 1 se indican a
continuación:
1. Utilizar el PAE como método sistemático para ofrecer unos cuidados de enfermería
centrados en el paciente, de una forma individualiza y holística.
2. Incrementar el conocimiento de la teoría enfermera como elemento imprescindible
per explicar y comprender la práctica de enfermería
3. Profundizar en la metodología enfermera utilizando la taxonomía NANDA, NIC y
NOC en el abordaje de los procesos de enfermedad, de recuperación, de prevención y
promoción de la salud.
4. Reconocer e interpretar la función normal y anormal, desde una perspectiva
integral (bio-psicosocial-cultural-espiritual) de la persona en las diferentes situaciones
de salud planteadas.
5. Formular los diagnósticos de enfermería y problemas de colaboración en relación a
las necesidades detectadas del paciente teniendo en cuenta el contexto en el cual se
encuentra, fomentando el proceso de razonamiento diagnóstico.
6. Planificar les intervenciones/actividades al paciente y/o familia en función de la
situación y de los resultados esperados.
7. Utilizar el proceso de evaluación dentro del marco del PAE como estrategia que
posibilita el crecimiento personal y profesional.
8. Identificar, desarrollar y mantener los conocimientos, las habilidades y las
actitudes que favorecen el pensamiento crítico, base para la resolución de problemas,
la toma de decisiones y elaboración de juicio clínico.
Con estos objetivos la asignatura de Enfermería Clínica contribuye a conseguir las
siguientes:
Competencias genéricas:
.Capacitad de crítica y autocrítica, capacitad de análisis y síntesis, capacitad para la
resolución de problemas, capacitad para tomar decisiones, desarrollo de habilidades
interpersonales, capacitad de actuar con comprimís ético.
Competencias especifiques:
.Conocer las alteraciones de salud del adulto, identificando las manifestaciones en
cada una de les fases.
. Identificar las necesidades de cuidados derivados de los problemas de salud.
. Analizar los datos recogidos en la valoración, priorizar los problemas del paciente
adulto, establecer y ejecutar el plan de cuidados y realizar su evaluación.
.Seleccionar las intervenciones para tratar o prevenir los problemas derivados de las
desviaciones de salud.
.Aplicar el proceso de enfermería para proporcionar y garantizar el bienestar, la
calidad y seguridad de las persones
.Conocer y aplicar los principios que sustentan los cuidados integrales
.Administrar los cuidados, garantizando el derecho a la dignidad, privacidad,
intimidad, confidencialidad y capacitad de decisión del paciente y familia.
CONTENIDOS
1. Cuidados de enfermería al enfermo quirúrgico
Identificar los diferentes tipos de cirugía.
Planificar los cuidados en el proceso quirúrgico.
2 . Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con problemas de salud digestivos.
Identificar los aspectos básicos de los tipos de alimentación enteral y parenteral, así
como su administración y cuidados relacionados
Calcular correctamente un balance hídrico.
Reconocer las diferentes pruebas diagnosticas digestivas: preparación, cuidados
durante y después de su realización.
Elaboración Proceso de curas de Enfermería en relación a situaciones clínicas de:
Patología gástrica
Alteraciones del intestino delgado y grueso
Enfermedades hepáticas
Enfermedades pancreáticas
3. Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con problemas de salud oncológicos:
Reconocer las diferentes pruebas diagnosticas oncológicas: preparación, cuidados
durante y después de su realización
Diferenciar tumoraciones benignas de malignas
Identificar aspectos de prevención a nivel primario, secundario y terciario.
Elaboración de los cuidafos de enfermería en situaciones derivadas de tratamientos:
QMT, RDT, TMO, inmunoterapia.
Identificación del riesgo y actuación correcta frente un paciente en relación a la
administración de transfusiones sanguíneas.
4. Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con problemas de salud de patología
cardiocirculatoria:
Reconocer las diferentes pruebas diagnosticas cardiocirculatorias: preparación,
cuidados durante y después de su realización.
Elaboración cuidados de enfermería en relación a situaciones clínicas de:
Insuficiencia cardiaca
Cardiopatía isquémica
Procedimientos cardíacos especiales
Patología arterial
Patología venosa
5. Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con problemas de salud respiratorios.
Reconocer las diferentes pruebas diagnosticas respiratorias: preparación, cuidados
durante y después de su realización.
Valorar los niveles de oxigenación en sangre en el paciente a través del examen físico
y los valores analíticos.
Elaboración cuidados de enfermería en relación a situaciones clínicas de:
Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y crónica
TEP
METODOLOGÍA
· Actividad lectiva presencial: expositiva y participativa.
· Actividad dirigida tutorizada: grupo reducido
· Aprendizaje autónomo
EVALUACIÓN
El proceso de evaluación constará de dos partes:
Evaluación de proceso (50%):
Evaluación final (50%):
Evaluación de las actividades realizadas Dos test para valoración de conocimientos
en grupo reducido
teóricos
Examen de situaciones clínicas
Se debe superar las dos partes con una nota mínima de 5 para aprobar la asignatura.
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN DE RESULTADOS
Objetivo 1, 3
El estudiante demuestra que sabe utilizar y desarrollar el PAE a partir de la
metodología enfermera propuesta en el marco de la asignatura.
(A, J, D)
Objetivo 2
El estudiante demuestra la incorporación de la teoría enfermera en el saber hacer y
saber estar como profesional enfermera.
(J, M)
Objetivo 4
El estudiante reconoce la multidimensionalidad de la persona siendo sensible al
contexto.
(A, J, I)
Objetivo 5
El estudiante demuestra capacitad de razonamiento diagnóstico.
(A, J, I)
Objetivo 6
El estudiante demuestra un saber disciplinar basado en criterios científicos.
El estudiante demuestra que sabe planificar los cuidados de forma óptima, siendo
capaz de transferir conocimientos de la teoría a la práctica, y de la práctica a la teoría.
(A, C, J)
Objetivo 7,8
El estudiante demuestra aprovechar la evaluación como proceso de auto- mejora
continua de su aprendizaje.
El estudiante demuestra capacitad de comprensión y reflexión en relación a la
complexidad de las situaciones planteadas.
(A, J, D, F)
BIBLIOGRAFÍA BÁSICA
SMELTZER S. et al. Enfermería Médico-quirúrgica: de Brunner y Suddarth.
México: McGraw-Hill-Interamericana ;2007
BIBLIOGRAFÍA COMPLEMENTARIA
BALDA R,FERRER M.Manual de instrumentación en cirurgia laparoscópica.
Madrid: Aran ED; 2011.
BARDAJI T et al. Enfermería médico-quirúrgica: necesidad de movimiento.
Barcelona: Masson ;2000.
CARPENITO LJ. Planes de cuidados y documentación clínica en enfermería.
Madrid: McGraw-Hill ;2005.
DIRKSEN S. et al. Clinical companion to medical-surgicak nursing. Assessment anb
management of clinic problems. St Louis: Mosby; 2011.
FULLER J. Surgical technology. Philadelphia: Saunders: 2010.
LEWIS SM. et al(ed). Enfermería medicoquirúrgica: valoración y cuidados clínicos.
Madrid: Elsevier; 2004.
LEMONE K, BURKE K. Enfermería medicoquirúrgica: pensamiento crítico en la
asistencia del paciente. Madrid: Pearson educación; 2009.
MANTIK S. Enfermería medicoquirúrgica: valoración y cuidados de problemas
clínicos. Madrid: Elsevier;2004.
NAVARRO V. et al. Enfermería médico-quirúrgica: necesidad de comunicación y
seguridad. Barcelona: Masson; 2003.
OTO I. et al. Enfermería médico-quirúrgica: necesidad de nutrición y eliminación.
Barcelona: Masson; 2003.
OTO I. et al. Enfermería médico-quirúrgica: necesidad de oxigenación. Barcelona:
Masson; 2003.
RAYON E. et al. Manual enfermería médico-quirúrgica. Madrid: Síntesis; 2003.
ROCA J,RUIZ F. El paciente oncológico: atenció integral a la persona. Alcalá el
Real: Formación Alcalá; 2009.
SWEARINGEN P, DENNIS G. Manual de enfermería médico-quirúrgica:
intervenciones enfermeras y tratamientos interdisciplinarios. Madrid: Harcourt; 2008.
PREPARADO POR:
FECHA DE LA ÚLTIMA REVISIÓN: 05/09/2011
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