(GLWRULDO The Future of Economics Economics as it is today, has certainly achieved a high level of technical sophistication and methodological rigor due to a consistent application of heuristic assumptions, such as t he maximizing rationality t hesis or methodological individualism, and a generalized and accurate mathematical HQTOCNK\CVKQP*QYGXGTVJGTGKUCPKPETGCUKPICEMPQYNGFIGOGPVQHVJG excessive cost this methodological coherence might involve for science and for reality itself. The loss of perspective, an excessive unilateralism and the lack of flexibility before a complex and changeable reality, evidenced by many of the CEVQTUKPXQNXGFKPVJGHCEVUVJCVRTGEGFGFVJGINQDCNHKPCPEKCNETKUKUQHJCF KVUQTKIKPCEEQTFKPIVQVJGUGETKVKEUKPCVTWGOGVJQFQNQIKECNKUQNCVKQP#UC EQPUGSWGPEGVJGYCTPKPIEQOKPIHTQOKPUKFGCPFQWVUKFGGEQPQOKEUYCUPQV considered. *QYGXGTKPVJGOKFUVQHITGCVWPEGTVCKPV[CDQWVVJGHWVWTGDTQWIJVD[VJG crisis, over the last years some signs that seem to lead to a broader reflection, JCXGUVCTVGFVQGOGTIG6JGEQPHGTGPEGJGNFCVVJG7PKXGTUKV[QH%QNWODKCKP 5GRVGODGTGPVKVNGF³2JKNQUQRJKECN(QWPFCVKQPQH'EQPQOKEUCPFVJG)QQF Economy: individual values, human pursuits, self-realization and becoming”, in YJKEJGEQPQOKUVUUWEJCU'FOWPF52JGNRU4QDGTV,5JKNNGT,QUGRJ5VKINKV\ #OCTV[C5GPCPF,QJP-C[NGEVWTGFECPDGEKVGFCUCPGZCORNG6JGPQXGNV[QH VJKUOGGVKPIYCUGURGEKCNN[VJGHCEVVJCVCITQWRQHUQRTQOKOGPVGEQPQOKUVU took the initiative of stepping aside for a moment from the urgency of the crisis to think about the problem that affects economics in its fundamental principles and in its mode of approach to reality. It is also noticeable that these economists did not isolate themselves, but risked to engage in an open dialogue YKVJTGOCTMCDNGRJKNQUQRJGTUCPFUQEKCNUEKGPVKUVUUWEJCU6JQOCU0CIGN5CUMKC 5CUUGPCPF4KEJCTF5GPPGVKPQTFGTVQUVCTVVJKPMKPIVQIGVJGTCDQWVVJGPGY scope economic thinking might achieve in the future. #PQVJGTUKIPQHCRQUUKDNGEJCPIGEQOGUHTQOThe Institute for New Economic ThinkingQTICPK\GFINQDCNN[D[FKUVKPIWKUJGFGEQPQOKUVUYJKEJCKOUVQQRGP GEQPQOKEUVQYCTFUCPKPVGTFKUEKRNKPCT[JKUVQTKECNCPFDQWPFVQTGCNRTQDNGOU RGTURGEVKXG#OQPIVJGNKPGUQHTGUGCTEJFGXGNQRGFCVVJKUPGYKPUVKVWVGUVCPF out the Center for the History of Political EconomyNGFD[$TWEG%CNFYGNNCVVJG Duke University and the Research Program in Economic History, directed by Barry 'KEJGPITGGPCVVJG$GTMGNG[7PKXGTUKV[QH%CNKHQTPKC6JG[CTGHQEWUGFQPVJG GFWECVKQPQHGEQPQOKUVUVTCKPGFKP*KUVQT[YKVJCDKNKV[VQKPHNWGPEGGHHGEVKXGN[ QPVJGFGDCVGCPFFGUKIPQHRWDNKERQNKEKGU#FFKVKQPCNN[VJG+PUVKVWVGETGCVGF the Economics Curriculum CommitteeFKTGEVGFD[.QTF4QDGTV5MKFGNUM[CPF2GTT[ /GJTNKPIVQOCMGEQPETGVGTGEQOOGPFCVKQPUHQTEJCPIGUKPVJGQDLGEVKXGUCPF EQPVGPVUQH'EQPQOKEUUVWFKGUKP7PKXGTUKVKGUYQTNFYKFG In this spirit, the papers in this issue of Cultura Económica go further in the TGHNGEVKQPQHVJGHWVWTGQHGEQPQOKEVJQWIJVYJKEJUGGOUVQJCXGVCMGPOQTG #wQ:::+0,WPKQ KORWNUGKPTGEGPV[GCTU6JGHKTUVRCRGTVJCV4QDGTV,5JKNNGTMKPFN[UGPVWUUQQP DGHQTGDGKPICYCTFGFYKVJVJG0QDGN2TK\GKP'EQPQOKEUYCUEQYTKVVGP YKVJ8KTIKPKC5JKNNGT+PEQPVTCUVVQVJGRWTGN[URGEKCNK\GFCPFVGEJPKECNKFGCQH VJGGEQPQOKERTQHGUUKQPCPFWUKPI4QDGTV*GKNDTQPGT¶UKOCIGQHVJG³YQTFN[ RJKNQUQRJGT´VJGCWVJQTRTQRQUGUVQTGVJKPMGEQPQOKEUCUC³RJKNQUQRJKECN´ RTQHGUUKQP#UCEQPUGSWGPEGVJQUGGFWECVGFKPGEQPQOKEUEKGPEGYQWNFCVVCKP the capacity to raise questions not only about the most efficient means to achieve CRTGGZKUVGPVGPFDWVCNUQCDQWVVJGHCKTPGUUQHVJGIQCNUEQPUWOGTUYQTMGTU entrepreneurs and all the other economic agents aim for. This exigency – that YQWNFDTGCMVJGVCDQQQHVJGUQECNNGFUEKGPEG¶UGXCNWCVKXGPGWVTCNKV[±YQWNF VCMGGEQPQOKUVUVQCFQRVOGVJQFQNQIKECNRGTURGEVKXGUVJCVYQWNFDGH NGZKDNG enough to insert their vision, analyses and recommendations into the broader EQPVGZVQHUQEKCNCPFJWOCPGPFUVCMGPCUCYJQNG 6JGUGEQPFRCRGTD[2TQHGUUQT,CEQD&CJN4GPFVQTHHHTQOVJG7PKXGTUKV[QH 4QUMKNFG&GPOCTMUGVUQWVVJGFGDCVGQPVJGEQPPGEVKQPDGVYGGPGEQPQOKEU CPFGVJKEUTGXKUKVGFCHVGTVJGINQDCNHKPCPEKCNETKUKU#EEQTFKPIVQ4GPFVQTHHYJKNG ENCUUKECNRQNKVKECNGEQPQO[CPFYGNHCTGGEQPQOKEUCEMPQYNGFIGFVJGNKPMDGVYGGP both disciplines, neoclassical economics, preeminent in the decades before the ETKUKUEQPEGKXGFKVUGNHCUCUEKGPEGHTGGHTQOGVJKECNDQWPFCTKGU*QYGXGTC HWTVJGTCPCN[UKUQHVJGPGQENCUUKECNOQFGNUYQWNFTGXGCNVJCVDGUKFGVJGKTCDUQNWVG OGVJQFQNQIKECNCWVQPQO[¶UKPVGPVKQPVJQUGOQFGNU±GURGEKCNN[VJQUGEQOKPI from utilitarian ethical thinking – have multiple normative assumptions. In this sense, the Danish Professor suggests to make explicit the normative ethical FKOGPUKQPYJKEJKUKPGXKVCDNGKPCP[GEQPQOKECPCN[UKU6JWUDCUKEGEQPQOKE concepts, such as utility, preferences or competition, can be related to ethical and social concepts as necessity, freedom and cooperation, in order to achieve CPCTIWOGPVCVKXGN[LWUVKHKGFEQPEGRVKQP±CPFPQVOGTGN[HCEVWCNQHRWDNKE policy proposals. 6JKTFN[YGRTGUGPVVJGYQTMD[2TQHGUUQT%CTNQU%CTXCNNQ5RCNFKPIQH VJG%CVJQNKE7PKXGTUKV[QH7TWIWC[YJQCTIWGUVJCVVJGEQPEGRVWCNDCUGUQH neoclassical paradigm, edified on an attractive mathematical formalism, have TGXGCNGFVJGKTYGCMPGUUGUCHVGTVJGINQDCNHKPCPEKCNETKUKU+PVJKUEQPVGZVVJKU RCRGTQWVNKPGUVJGPGGFHQTTGXKUKPIKVUHWPFCOGPVCNUGURGEKCNN[VJGOQFGN¶U underlying anthropological concepts and its method. In the end, it is necessary VQEJCPIGVJGEQWTUGQHGEQPQOKEUVQYCTFUCRGTUQPCNKUVRCVJCPFJQNFCFKCNQIWG YKVJVJGQVJGTUQEKCNUEKGPEGU +PVJGHQWTVJRNCEGYGRTGUGPVVJGTGUWNVUQHCTGUGCTEJCTVKENGD[&KGIQ(CXCTQ 8KNNGICU2TQHGUUQTCVVJG%CVJQNKE7PKXGTUKV[QH7TWIWC[6JGCWVJQTRTGUGPVUVJG evolution of the concept of the firm from the static and exogenous perspective QHVJGPGQENCUUKECNVJGQT[VQCPGXQNWVKQPCT[CPFGPFQIGPQWUXKGY related to the evolucionist theory of Joseph Schumpeter. #EEQTFKPIVQ(CXCTQ8KNNGICUVJKU RQKPVQHXKGYOKIJVDTQCFGPVJGEQPEGRVKQPQHVJGHKTOKPGEQPQOKEVJGQT[ KPKVKCVGFGURGEKCNN[YKVJ4QPCNF%QCUG¶UKFGCU +PVJGGPFVJG.GVVGTD[*QN[(CVJGT(TCPEKUVQ7-2TKOG/KPKUVGT&CXKF %COGTQPENQUGUVJKUKUUWG+PVJKUOKUUKXGYTKVVGPYKVJVJGQEECUKQPQH)OGGVKPI KP,WPGCPFCFFTGUUGFVQVJGOCKPYQTNFNGCFGTUHCEKPIVJGGEQPQOKE ETKUKUKVECPDGUGGPVJGEQOOQPEQPEGTPQHVJGNCUVVJTGG2QRGU¶CDQWVVJG PGGFVQIWKFGVJGRTQEGUUQHINQDCNK\CVKQPVQYCTFUVJGFGXGNQROGPVQHCPGY EWNVWTGYJGTGVJGGVJKECNCPFJWOCPFKOGPUKQPUJCXGCEGPVTCNCPFXKVCNTQNG In this sense, this issue of Cultura Económica intends to make a contribution HTQOCECFGOKEVJKPMKPIVQVJGCEJKGXGOGPVQHVJKUJCTFDWVPGEGUUCT[QDLGEVKXG %* Revista Cultura Económica 9