- INGLES_UNI_11_CAS

Educación secundaria
Dirección Xeral de Educación, Formación
para personas adultas
Profesional e Innovación Educativa
Ámbito de la comunicación
Lengua inglesa
Educación a distancia semipresencial
Módulo 3
Anexo gramatical 11
Páxina 1 de 19
Índice
1.
Introducción...............................................................................................................3
1.1
2.
Descripción del anexo gramatical ................................................................................. 3
Secuencia de contenidos y actividades ..................................................................4
2.1
2.2
2.3
Pasado del verbo To be (ser/estar)............................................................................... 4
Verbo haber impersonal................................................................................................ 6
El pasado simple .......................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
Forma afirmativa ................................................................................................................................................8
Forma negativa del pasado simple ..................................................................................................................10
Forma interrogativa del pasado simple ............................................................................................................12
3.
Vocabulario básico de la unidad............................................................................13
4.
Comprensión escrita...............................................................................................14
5.
Autoevaluación........................................................................................................15
6.
Soluciones ...............................................................................................................17
6.1
6.2
Soluciones a las actividades propuestas .................................................................... 17
Soluciones al test de autoevaluación .......................................................................... 19
Páxina 2 de 19
1.
Introducción
1.1
Descripción del anexo gramatical
En este anexo gramatical vamos a abordar los siguientes contenidos:
El pasado del verbo to be.
Verbo haber impersonal: there is/are; there was/were.
El pasado simple de los verbos regulares.
Vocabulario.
Páxina 3 de 19
2.
Secuencia de contenidos y actividades
2.1
Pasado del verbo to be (ser/estar)
Afirmativo
I
was
Yo fui, yo era
You
were
Tú fuiste, tú eras
He
El fue, el era
was
She
Ella fue, ella era
It
Fue, era
We
Nosotros fuimos, nosotros éramos
were
You
they
Vosotros fuisteis, vosotros erais
Ellos/ ellas fueron, ellos/ ellas eran
I was very happy when I lived in A Peroxa.
Yo fui muy feliz cuando vivía en A Peroxa.
They were friends in the past.
Ellos fueron amigos en el pasado.
She was a teacher when she was younger.
Ella fue maestra cuando era más joven.
Negativo
I
wasn’t (was not)
Yo no fui, yo no era
You
weren’t (were not)
Tú no fuiste, tú no eras
He
El no fue, el no era
She
wasn’t
Ella no fue, ella no era
It
No fue, no era
We
Nosotros no fuimos, nosotros no éramos
weren’t
You
They
Vosotros no fuisteis, vosotros no erais
Ellos/as no fueron, ellos/as no eran
I wasn’t very happy when I lived in A Peroxa.
Yo no fui muy feliz cuando vivía en A Peroxa.
They weren’t friends in the past.
Ellos no fueron amigos en el pasado.
Páxina 4 de 19
She wasn’t a teacher when she was younger.
Ella no era maestra cuando era más joven.
Interrogativo
Was
I
¿Fui yo? ¿Era yo?
Were
you
¿Fuiste tú? ¿Eras tú?
He
¿Fue él? ¿Era él?
She
¿Fue ella? ¿Era ella?
It
¿Fue? ¿Era?
We
¿Fuimos nosotros? ¿Éramos nosotros?
You
¿Fuisteis vosotros? ¿Erais vosotros?
they
¿Fueron ellos?
Was
Were
Were they friends in the past?
¿Fueron ellos amigos en el pasado?
Was she a teacher when she was younger?
¿Fue ella maestra cuando era más joven?
Páxina 5 de 19
2.2
Verbo haber impersonal
Las formas del verbo to be se usan en inglés también para expresar la idea de que hay o
había algo (ver anexo gramatical 3). Para eso usamos las siguientes formas:
Presente
is
singular
There is a book on the table.
Hay un libro en la mesa.
plural
There are two books on the table.
Hay dos libros en la mesa.
isn’t
There
are
aren’t
Pasado
was
singular
There was a book on the table.
Había un libro en la mesa.
plural
There were two books on the table.
Había dos libros en la mesa.
wasn’t
There
were
weren’t
There is a big car in front of the phone box.
Hay un coche grande delante de la cabina de teléfono.
There are several people waiting for you.
Hay varias personas esperándote.
There was a big car in fron of the phone box last night.
Había un coche grande delante de la cabina de teléfono ayer por la noche.
There were some people on the beach yesterday.
Había alguna gente en la playa ayer.
Actividades propuestas
S1.
Lea el siguiente texto y escriba was o were.
Last Saturday there (1) [_____] a fair in my town. My friend Karen and I (2)
[_____] there, but Chris and Ben (3) [_____] not. There (4) [_____] lots of people
there and they (5) [_____] very happy. There (6) [_____] not a ghost train, but
there (7) [_____] a big wheel. At night, there (8) [_____] lots of lights. It (9)
[_____] great!.
Páxina 6 de 19
S2.
Subraye la forma correcta del verbo.
In 2000, the Olympics was / were in Sydney.
It was / were a fantastic competition.
There was / were thousands of people.
There wasn’t / weren’t any empty seats.
The Opening Ceremmony was / were great!
There was / were a brilliant fireworks display.
The marathon wasn’t / weren’t the first race.
S3.
Elija la forma más adecuada del verbo to be en presente o en pasado.
I [_______] tired today
[_______] you happy when you received a present yesterday?
My mother [______] very hungry yesterday morning.
They [______] very happy last week.
John [______] thirsty, he needs to drink some water.
Peter [______] at home last Friday
S4.
Escriba las siguientes frases en pasado.
I am hungry ____________________________________________________
They aren’t sad __________________________________________________
Is your sister at home? ____________________________________________
Is your friend in the school? ________________________________________
We are very good friends __________________________________________
Páxina 7 de 19
2.3
El pasado simple
2.3.1 Forma afirmativa
I watch a film every night (presente simple).
Yo veo una película cada noche.
I watched a film yesterday (pasado simple).
Vi una película ayer.
Watched es el pasado simple del verbo to watch.
I / you / he /she / it
We / you / they
watched
El pasado simple se forma añadiendo –ed a los verbos conocidos como regulares, por
ejemplo:
– Clean cleaned (limpiar).
– Wash washed (lavar).
– Walk walked (caminar).
– Arrive arrived (llegar).
– Work worked (trabajar).
– Dance danced (bailar).
I wash my hair every morning, this morning I washed my hair.
My mother worked in a bank for many years.
My friends arrived yesterday evening.
Los verbos que acaban en y, cambian esta letra por una i y después añaden –ed
– Study studied.
– Marry married.
– Copy copied.
Pero la y no se cambia por una i si el verbo acaba en –ay; -ey; -oy; -uy.
– Enjoy enjoyed
– Stay stayed
A veces uno de estos verbos acaba en vocal + consonante, por ejemplo stop. En este caso, antes de añadir –ed, la última consonante se dobla: stopped. Pero esto no ocurre:
– Si la palabra acaba en dos consonantes:
help helped; work worked.
– Si la palabra acaba en dos vocales y una consonante:
need needed.
– En palabras largas de dos o más sílabas, si la última no está acentuada:
happen happened; visit visited.
Páxina 8 de 19
Actividades propuestas
S5.
S6.
Escriba las formas que faltan para completar la siguiente tabla.
presente
pasado
presente
pasado
stay
(1) [_______________]
(2) [_______________]
danced
(3) [_______________]
worked
arrive
(4) .......................
(5) [_______________]
needed
(6) [_______________]
happened
(7) [_______________]
enjoyed
visit
(8) [_______________]
Escriba el pasado simple de los siguientes verbos. Tenga cuidado con la ortografía. La terminación, ¿es –ed, -d, o –ied? ¿Se dobla la consonante + -ed?
1. enjoy
_________________
2. hate
_________________
3. climb
_________________
4. stay
_________________
5. listen
_________________
6. cry
_________________
7. plan
_________________
8. decide
_________________
9. talk
_________________
10. stop
_________________
11. study
_________________
Páxina 9 de 19
2.3.2 Forma negativa del pasado simple
Forma negativa
I
You
He
She
didn't
work / wash / dance
It
We
You
They
Para expresar el pasado simple de los verbos en forma negativa, usamos el auxiliar didn’t:
Pronombre sujeto + didn’t + verbo
I didn’t work yesterday morning.
No trabajé ayer por la mañana.
She didn’t dance at the wedding.
Ella no bailó en la boda.
They didn’t wash the car last month.
Ellos no lavaron el coche el mes pasado.
Actividades propuestas
S7.
Complete las frases empleando las formas negativas de los siguientes verbos:
study, visit, answer.
Kevin [_______] his grandmother yesterday, but he phoned her at the hospital.
I asked him a question, but he [_______] me.
Lisa and Sam [_______] yesterday because their exams finished last week.
S8.
Complete el texto con la forma en pasado de los verbos indicados.
My aunt and uncle were in our town for a visit last weekend. They (1) [_______]
(not stay) at our flat – they (2) [_______] (stay) in a hotel in the centre of town.
Their room was nice, but my aunt (3) [_______] (not like) the food. She (4)
[_______] (visit) us on Saturday, and she and mum (5) [_______] (talk) for the
whole afternoon. My uncle (6) [_______] (not want) to sit inside, so he and I (7)
[_______] (walk) to the stadium to watch the football. But we (8) [_______] (not
have) a very good time because our team (9) [_______] (not play) well and at
3.30 it (10) [_______] (start) to rain.
Páxina 10 de 19
S9.
Complete el siguiente texto con los verbos del recuadro en forma afirmativa o
negativa.
Live
Not love
live
marry
not live
want
love
want
love
not want
Three friends and a wedding
Two years before the wedding, Simon, Dave and Megan were good friends. But
they ___didn’t live___ in the same city. Simon and Dave (1) [_______] in London
and Megan (2) [_______] in Manchester. After a year, Simon (3) [_______] Megan very much and he (4) [_______] Megan to be his wife. But Megan (5)
[_______] Simon, she (6) [_______] Dave. Last weekend, Dave (7) [_______]
Megan in a big church in Manchester. They (8) [_______] Simon to come to the
wedding. But Simon said he (9) [_______] to see Dave or Megan ever again.
Páxina 11 de 19
2.3.3 Forma interrogativa del pasado simple
Forma interrogativa
I
You
He
She
Did
work / wash / dance?
It
We
You
They
Para expresar el pasado simple de los verbos en forma interrogativa, utilizamos siempre el
auxiliar did:
Did + pronombre sujeto + verbo + ?
Did you work yesterday morning?
¿Trabajaste ayer por la mañana?
Did she dance at the wedding?
¿Bailó ella en la boda?
Did they wash the car last month?
¿Lavaron ellos/as el coche el mes pasado?
Actividades propuestas
S10.
Relacione las dos mitades, uniendo las preguntas y sus respuestas.
1. Did you travel by bus?
A. In 1999.
2. Did you like school?
B. Maths and Music.
3. Did you play in the school orchestra?
C. Yes, I did–but I didn´t like sport.
4. When did you pass your exams?
D. No, I travelled by train.
5. What were your favourite subjects?
E. Yes, I did. I played the drums.
Páxina 12 de 19
3.
Vocabulario básico de la unidad
Verbos regulares
watch
ver
work
trabajar
clean
limpiar
walk
caminar
wash
lavar
dance
bailar
arrive
llegar
study
estudiar
copy
copiar
marry
casarse
enjoy
divertirse
stay
alojarse
help
ayudar
need
necesitar
happen
suceder
visit
visitar
answer
contestar
like
gustar
play
jugar
start
comenzar
love
amar
live
vivir
want
querer
hate
odiar
climb
escalar
listen
escuchar
talk
hablar
cry
llorar
decide
decidir
plan
planear
The weather (el tiempo atmosférico)
What’s the weather like?
¿Qué tiempo hace?
It’s sunny
hace sol
It’s hot
hace calor
It’s cold
hace frío
It’s raining
está lloviendo
It’s snowing
está nevando
Wind
viento
It’s windy
hay viento
Storm
tormenta
Lightning
relámpago
It’s thundering
está tronando
It’s freezing
está helando
Páxina 13 de 19
4.
Comprensión escrita
Mario is a student from Italy. He was last summer in the USA. He enjoyed the holiday very much. When he was there, he
studied the history of the country and he stayed with an American family. He didn’t stay in a hotel because he wanted to
practice English. He liked very much the parties and he enjoyed meeting a lot of people but he didn’t like the food. He played baseball but he didn’t play football, his favourite sport.
Actividad propuesta
S11.
Conteste a las preguntas sobre el texto.
1. Where is Mario from?
__________________________________
2. Did he enjoy his holiday?
__________________________________
3. Where did he stay?
__________________________________
4. What did he study in the USA?
__________________________________
5. Did he like the food?
__________________________________
6. What sport did he play?
__________________________________
Páxina 14 de 19
5.
Autoevaluación
1.
When I [______] a child I had a red bike.
2.
was
was
are
were
wasn’t
don’t
didn’t
enjoy
enjoyed
enjoys
[______] there a bathroom in your flat?
7.
were
My sister didn’t [______] her birthday party.
6.
wasn’t
Did you cook lunch yesterday? No, I [______]
5.
was
Yesterday there [______] a lot of people in the street.
4.
were
John and Thomas [______] friends in the school.
3.
am
were
is
are
There [______] a lot of papers on the table.
isn’t
aren’t
wasn’t
Páxina 15 de 19
8.
Did he [______] the film last week?
9.
liked
likes
like
My family [______] in a hotel last summer.
stay
staied
stayed
10. [______] there any fruit in the shop?
are
is
were
Páxina 16 de 19
6.
Soluciones
6.1
Soluciones a las actividades propuestas
S1.
1. was
2. were
3. were
4. were
5.were
6. was
7. was
8. were
9. was
S2.
1. was
2. were
3. weren’t
4. was
5. was
6. wasn’t
S3.
1. was.
2. Were.
3. was.
4. were.
5. is.
6. was.
S4.
1. I was hungry.
2. They weren’t sad
3. Was your sister at home?
4. Was your friend in the school?
5. We were very good friends.
Páxina 17 de 19
S5.
stayed
dance
work
arrived
need
happen
enjoy
visited
S6.
enjoyed
hated
climbed
stayed
listened
cried
planned
decided
talked
stopped
studied
S7.
1. didn’t visit.
2. didn’t answer
3. didn’t study
S8.
1. didn’t stay
2. stayed
3. didn’t like
4. visited
5. talked
6. didn’t walk
7. walked
Páxina 18 de 19
8. didn’t have
9. didn’t play
10. started
S9.
lived
lived
loved
wanted
didn’t love
loved
married
wanted
didn’t want
S10.
1D
2C
3E
4A
5B
S11.
From Italy.
He enjoyed the holiday very much.
He stayed with an American family.
He studied the history of the country.
No, he didn’t.
He played baseball.
6.2
Soluciones al test de autoevaluación
1c. 2b. 3c. 4c. 5a. 6b. 7b. 8c. 9c. 10b.
Páxina 19 de 19