verb tenses - IES Castilblanco de los Arroyos
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PRINCIPALES TIEMPOS VERBALES DEL INGLÉS PARA ALUMNOS DE 3º Y 4º DE ESO LUIS ODRIOZOLA IES CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS PRESENTE SIMPLE AFIRMATIVA I PLAY (Yo juego) You He PLAY PLAYS We PLAY You PLAY They PLAY NEGATIVA I DO NOT (DON’T) You DO NOT He DOES NOT (DOESN’T) We DO NOT You DO NOT They DO NOT INTERROGATIVA PLAY DO I PLAY ? PLAY PLAY DO you PLAY ? DOES he PLAY ? PLAY PLAY PLAY DO DO DO we PLAY ? you PLAY ? they PLAY ? El Presente Simple se utiliza para expresar acciones habituales, costumbres, etc., con expresiones como sometimes, always, never, every day, twice a week, etc. Ej: They don’t like sports, but he plays tennis every week. PRESENTE CONTINUO AFIRMATIVA I (‘M) AM PLAYING (estoy jugando/ voy a jugar) You ARE PLAYING She IS We You They PLAYING ARE PLAYING ARE PLAYING ARE PLAYING NEGATIVA I AM NOT You ARE NOT (AREN’T) She IS NOT (ISN’T) We ARE NOT You ARE NOT They ARE NOT INTERROGATIVA PLAYING AM I PLAYING ? PLAYING ARE you PLAYING ? PLAYING IS PLAYING PLAYING PLAYING ARE we PLAYING ? ARE you PLAYING ? ARE they PLAYING ? she PLAYING ? El Presente Continuo tiene dos usos distintos: 1. Para expresar acciones que están sucediendo en el momento en que se habla, con expresiones como now, at the moment, etc. Ej. She is reading a book in English at the moment. 2. Para expresar planes o intenciones de futuro, con expresiones como tomorrow, next week, within two months, etc. Ej. We aren’t flying to London next month. PASADO SIMPLE (v. Regular: Play – Played - Played) AFIRMATIVA I PLAYED (yo jugué) You He We You They PLAYED PLAYED PLAYED PLAYED PLAYED NEGATIVA I DID NOT (DIDN’T) You DID NOT He DID NOT We DID NOT You DID NOT They DID NOT PASADO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVA INTERROGATIVA PLAY DID I PLAY ? PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY DID DID DID DID DID you he we you they PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY (v. Irregular: Go – Went - Gone) NEGATIVA I WENT (yo fui) I You She We You They WENT WENT WENT WENT WENT You She We You They ? ? ? ? ? DID NOT (DIDN’T) DID NOT DID NOT DID NOT DID NOT DID NOT INTERROGATIVA GO DID I GO ? GO GO GO GO GO DID DID DID DID DID you she we you they GO ? GO ? GO ? GO ? GO ? El Pasado Simple se utiliza para expresar acciones completadas, normalmente de corta duración, en pasado, con expresiones de tiempo pasado ya cerrado y acabado, como yesterday, last week, two months ago, in 1997, etc. Ej: They made a cake last weekend, but we didn’t eat it. PASADO CONTINUO AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA I WAS PLAYING (yo estaba/estuve jugando) You WERE PLAYING He WAS PLAYING I WAS NOT PLAYING (WASN’T) You WERE NOT PLAYING He WAS NOT PLAYING WAS I PLAYING ? We WERE PLAYING You WERE PLAYING They WERE PLAYING We WERE NOT PLAYING You WERE NOT PLAYING They WERE NOT PLAYING WERE we PLAYING ? WERE you PLAYING ? WERE they PLAYING ? WERE you PLAYING ? WAS he PLAYING ? El Pasado Continuo se emplea para expresar acciones, más largas que las del Pasado Simple, que ocurrían en el momento del cual se está hablando. Van acompañadas de las mismas expresiones de tiempo que el Pasado Simple. Ej: When she phoned me yesterday, I was watching TV. PRESENTE PERFECTO (v. Regular: Play – Played – Played) AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA I HAVE PLAYED I HAVE NOT PLAYED (yo he jugado) (HAVEN’T) You HAVE PLAYED You HAVE NOT PLAYED She HAS PLAYED She HAS NOT PLAYED (HASN’T) We HAVE PLAYED We HAVE NOT PLAYED You HAVE PLAYED You HAVE NOT PLAYED They HAVE PLAYED They HAVE NOT PLAYED HAVE I HAVE you HAS she PLAYED ? PLAYED ? PLAYED ? HAVE we PLAYED ? HAVE you PLAYED ? HAVE they PLAYED ? PRESENTE PERFECTO (v. Irregular: Go – Went – Gone) AFIRMATIVA I (‘VE) HAVE GONE (yo he ido) You HAVE GONE He HAS GONE We You They HAVE GONE HAVE GONE HAVE GONE NEGATIVA I HAVE NOT GONE (HAVEN’T) You HAVE NOT GONE He HAS NOT GONE (HASN’T) We HAVE NOT GONE You HAVE NOT GONE They HAVE NOT GONE INTERROGATIVA HAVE I GONE ? HAVE HAS you GONE ? he GONE ? HAVE HAVE HAVE we GONE ? you GONE ? they GONE ? El Presente Perfecto tiene dos valores: 1. Para expresar acciones finalizadas en el pasado, con expresiones de tiempo aún abiertas o sin acabar, como today, this morning, this week, this year, etc. Ej: They haven’t failed any exams this month. 2. Con expresiones con for, since, o how long …? , para indicar acciones que se iniciaron en el pasado pero que aún continúan vigentes en el presente. En este caso, se traducen con un Presente Simple o con la expresión “llevar + gerundio”. Ej: She has written newspaper articles since 1992. FUTURO SIMPLE AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA I(‘LL) WILL PLAY (yo jugaré) You WILL PLAY She WILL PLAY We WILL PLAY You WILL PLAY They WILL PLAY I WILL NOT PLAY (WON’T) You WILL NOT PLAY She WILL NOT PLAY We WILL NOT PLAY You WILL NOT PLAY They WILL NOT PLAY INTERROGATIVA WILL I PLAY ? WILL you PLAY ? WILL she PLAY ? WILL we PLAY ? WILL you PLAY ? WILL they PLAY ? El Futuro Simple se utiliza para expresar acciones no planeadas en futuro, o para predicciones de futuro, con expresiones como tomorrow, next week, etc… Ej. I think I will go to England next year. Be Going To AFIRMATIVA I AM GOING TO (voy a jugar) You ARE GOING TO He IS GOING TO We ARE GOING TO You ARE GOING TO They ARE GOING TO NEGATIVA PLAY I AM NOT GOING TO PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY You ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY He IS NOT GOING TO PLAY We ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY You ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY They ARE NOT GOING TO PLAY INTERROGATIVA AM ARE IS ARE ARE ARE I GOING TO PLAY ? you GOING TO PLAY ? he GOING TO PLAY ? we GOING TO PLAY ? you GOING TO PLAY ? they GOING TO PLAY ? El uso de la expresión Be going to equivale al uso nº 2 del Presente Continuo. Ej. We aren’t going to fly to London next month CONDICIONAL SIMPLE AFIRMATIVA I (‘D) WOULD PLAY (yo jugaría) You WOULD PLAY She WOULD PLAY We WOULD PLAY You WOULD PLAY They WOULD PLAY NEGATIVA I WOULD NOT PLAY (WOULDN’T) You WOULD NOT PLAY She WOULD NOT PLAY We WOULD NOT PLAY You WOULD NOT PLAY They WOULD NOT PLAY INTERROGATIVA WOULD I WOULD WOULD WOULD WOULD WOULD you she we you they PLAY ? PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY PLAY El Condicional Simple se utiliza para expresar un deseo, o una situación hipotética. Ej. I would like to travel to Japan. ? ? ? ? ?
