Inland water bodies. Surface water bodies and protected areas

Inland water bodies.
Surface water bodies and
protected areas
1
I.
Legal framework.
SUMMARY
II. The context: the WFD integrated approach.
III. Definitions. Inland waters. Surface water bodies and Protected areas in the WFD
o
Inland waters. Surface water bodies
o
Definitions, types, criteria for identifyng surface water bodies
o
Protected areas: definition, types
o
Conceptual relation between surface water bodies and Protected areas
IV. Main provisions for (surface water bodies and) Protected areas in the WFD

Art. 4. Environmental Objectives. Exemptions. Art. 11 Programmes of measures 
Art. 6. Register of Protected areas. Anex IV

Art. 7 Drinking water abstractions

Art. 8 Monitoring. Anex V.1.3 2
I. LEGAL FRAMEWORK (I)
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES
 Directive 2000/60/CE establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (WFD)
 Drinking water directive, Directive 98/83/ EC and 80/68/EEC
 Directive 75/440/EEC, surface water intended form the abstraction of drinking water (* repealed)
 Directive 78/659/EC, waters supporting fish life (* to be repealed in 2013)
 Directive 79/923/EEC, shellfish life (* to be repealed in 2013)
 Directive 76/160/EEC, bathing water (Directive 2006/7/ EC)
 Directive 91/676/EEC, nitrates
 Directive 91/271/EEC, urban waste water
 Directive 79/409/EEC, Birds directive (Directive 2009/147/EC)
 Directive 92/43/EEC, Habitats directive
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I. LEGAL FRAMEWORK (II)
 Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD
 WFD CIS Guidance Doc. num. 2 Identification of water bodies
 WFD CIS Guidance Doc. num. 3. Analysis of pressures and 




impacts
WFD CIS Guidance Doc. num. 7 Monitoring
WFD CIS Guidance Doc. num. 10 Rivers and Lakes
WFD CIS Guidance Doc No. 12 on the role of wetlands
WFD CIS Guidance Doc. num. 16 Groundwater Drinking water protected areas
WFD CIS Guidance Doc. No. 20 on Exemptions
SPANISH LAW
 National Water Law (TRLA)
 Hidrological Planning Act, Real Decreto 907/2007 (Reglamento de Planificación Hidrológica, RPH 2007)
 Specification on the Hidrological Planning Act, OM ARM 2656/2008 (Instrucción de Planificación Hidrológica, IPH 2008)
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II. The WFD integrated approach. (1)
(9) It is necessary to develop an integrated Community policy
on water.
(18) “Community water policy requires a transparent, effective and
coherent legislative framework. The Community should provide
common principles and the overall framework for action. This
Directive should provide for such a framework and coordinate and
integrate, and, in a longer perspective, further develop the overall
principles and structures for protection and sustainable use of
water in the Community in accordance with the principles of
subsidiarity”.
(23) Common principles are needed in order to coordinate
Member States' efforts to improve the protection of Community
waters in terms of quantity and quality, to promote sustainable
water use, to contribute to the control of transboundary water
problems, to protect aquatic ecosystems, and terrestrial
ecosystems and wetlands directly depending on them, and to
safeguard and develop the potential uses of Community
waters.
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II. The WFD integrated approach. (2)
Purpose of WFD: protection of all inland waters….resources and ecosystems
Article 1 WFD
Purpose
The purpose of this Directive is to establish a
framework for the protection of inland surface
waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and
groundwater which:
(a) prevents further deterioration and protects and
enhances the status of aquatic ecosystems and,
with regard to their water needs, terrestrial
ecosystems and wetlands directly depending on
the aquatic ecosystems;
(b) promotes sustainable water use based on a
long-term protection of available water resources;
(…)
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II. The WFD integrated approach. (3)
The WFD: a major text for water policy
More than 30 European directives
concerning water
Before
With the
WFD
A sectorial approach
fight against some substances
(Dangerous substances directives, Nitrate
directive, …)
 standards and regulation by use
(drinking water, bathing, …)
Upcoming abrogation of several
directives
A main objective: protection of
aquatic bodies and of water
ressources Integrated approach
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II. The WFD integrated approach. (4)
Panorama of European Environmental Directives related to water, 2000
From a sectorial to an integrated approach
98/83/EU and 80/68/EEC
« drinking water »
Daughter Directives
79/923/EEC
of 76/464/EEC
« shellfish waters » *
80/68/EEC
78/659/EEC « waters
supporting fish life » *
« groundwater » *
76/160/EEC « bathing water »
76/464/EEC
« dangerous
75/440/EEC « surface water
intended for the
substances » *
abstraction of
drinking water » *
Quality of
Aquatic body
Birds’
directive
79/409/EEC
96/61/EEC « IPPC »
91/676/EEC « nitrates »
91/271/EEC « Urban
Waste Water »
WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE
2000/60/EC
Directive on
major
accidents
(Seveso)
96/82/EC
Directive
concerning the
evaluation of the
environmental
impacts
85/337/EEC
* Directives to be repealed by the Water Framework Directive
Discharges
Directive
concerning the
use of plant
protection
products
91/414/EEC
Habitats’
directive
92/43/EEC
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II. The WFD integrated approach. (5)
WFD: Whereas…repeal earlier acts…and coordinate policies… (51) The implementation of this Directive is to achieve
a level of protection of waters at least equivalent to that
provided in certain earlier acts, which should therefore
be repealed once the relevant provisions of this
Directive have been fully implemented…
(16) Further integration of protection and sustainable
management of water into other Community policy
areas such as energy, transport, agriculture, fisheries,
regional policy and tourism is necessary. This Directive
should provide a basis for a continued dialogue and for
the development of strategies towards a further
integration of policy areas. This Directive can also
make an important contribution to other areas of
cooperation between Member States, inter alia, the
European spatial development perspective (ESDP).
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III. Definitions and types. Inland water bodies. Surface water bodies and
protected areas (1)
INLAND SURFACE WATER BODIES….
Art.2. 1. WFD "Surface water" means inland waters, except
groundwater; transitional waters and coastal waters, except in
respect of chemical status for which it shall also include
territorial waters.
Art. 2.3 WFD “Inland water” means all standing or flowing
water on the surface of the land, and all groundwater on the
landward side of the baseline from which the breadth of
territorial waters are measured
10. "Body of surface water" means a discrete and
significant element of surface water
such as a lake, a
reservoir, a stream, river or canal, part of a stream, river or
canal, a transitional water or a stretch of coastal water.
Characterization of surface water bodies, Anex II
10
Annex II  The district´s surface water bodies are classified in one of the following categories of surface water:
 Rivers,  Lakes,  Transitional waters,  Coastal water
 Artificial surface water body
 Heavily modified water body.
 For each surface water category, the relevant surface water bodies shall be differentiated according to type, using “system A” or “system B”.
11
 Art. 2 WFD 4. "River" means a body of inland water flowing for the most part on the surface of the land but which may flow underground for part of its course.
 5. "Lake" means a body of standing inland surface water.
 6. "Transitional waters" are bodies of surface water in the vicinity of river mouths…
 7. "Coastal water" means surface water on the landward side of a line…,  8. "Artificial water body" means a body of surface water created by human activity.
 9. "Heavily modified water body“ means a body of surface water which as a result of physical alterations by human activity is substantially changed in character, as designated by the Member State in accordance with the provisions of Annex II.
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SYSTEM A (Rivers)
Fixed Typology
Descriptors
Ecoregion
Ecoregion shown on map A in annex XI
Type
Altitude typology
‐ high: > 800 m ‐ mid‐altitude: 200 to 800 m ‐ lowland: < 200 m Size typology based on catchment area
‐ small: 10 to 100 km² ‐medium: > 100 to 1000 km² ‐large: > 1000 to 10000 km² ‐Very large: > 10000 km²
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SYSTEM B (River)
Alternative characterisation
Obligatory factors
Optional factors
Physical and chemical factors that determine the characteristics of the river or part of the
river and hence the biological population structure and composition
altitude
latitude
longitude
geology
size
‐ distance from river source
‐ energy of flow (function of flow and slope)
‐ mean water width
‐ mean water depth
‐ mean water slope
‐ form and shape of main river bed
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‐ river discharge (flow) category
Criteria to identify surface water bodies (“discrete and significant…”) Guidance Doc. núm. 2
Technical interpretation of the discrete and significant element
 Discrete element
 Surface water categories
 Typology
 Physical characteristics
 Heavily modified and artificial water bodies
Other criteria
 Status criteria
 Protected areas
Smallest courses of water
15
Surface water categories
16
Physical characteristics
17
18
Heavily modified water bodies
19
Status criteria
20
Suggested process (WFD CIS Doc. Num. 2)
21
Small elements of surface water
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (2)
Protected areas, according to the WFD
“…areas designated as requiring special protection
under specific Community legislation
for the protection of their surface water and
groundwater
or for the conservation of habitats and species
(art. 6 WFD)
directly depending on water”
Types of protected areas,
Anex IV WFD
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (3)
Types of protected areas: (Anex IV WFD)
 (i) areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption under Article 7;
 (ii) areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquatic species;
 (iii) bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including areas designated as bathing waters under Directive 76/160/EEC;
 (iv) nutrient‐sensitive areas, including areas designated as vulnerable zones under Directive 91/676/EEC and areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC; and
 (v) areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC and Directive 79/409/EEC.
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Types of protected areas in Spanish Hidrological planning regulations
 IPH. Cap. 4 “Zonas protegidas”
 4.1 Zonas de captación de agua para abastecimiento
 4.2 Zonas de futuras captaciones de agua para abastecimiento
 4.3 Zonas de protección de especies acuáticas económicamente 



significativas
4.4 Masas de agua de uso recreativo
4.5 Zonas vulnerables
4.6 Zonas sensibles
4.7 Zonas de protección de hábitat o de especies
 4.8 Perímetros de protección de aguas minerales o termales
(Dir. 80/777, anex II, and Ley 22/1973 art. 23 y 24)
 4.9 Reservas naturales fluviales (art. 42.1.b.c´ TRLA, RPH art. 22)  4.10 Protección especial (art. 43 TRLA, art. 23 RPH)
 4.11 Zonas húmedas (International convention of Ramsar, for protection of wetlands, RD 435/2004, art. 3 and 4)
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Wetlands
 Spanish law: IPH cap. 4.11 includes wetlands under the Ramsar convention
 1995 Commission communication on the Wise use and conservation of wetlands
 The WFD mentions wetlands in Recitals 8 and 23, art. 1 and Anex VI.
 It does not define nor set environmental objectives for wetlands.  However, wetlands that are dependent on groundwater bodies, form part of a surface water body, or are Protected areas, will benefit from WFD obligations to protect and restore the status of water.  CIS Guidance Document no. 12 on the role of Wetlands
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (4)
First type of protected areas:
 Drinking water abstractions (i) areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption under Article 7; WFD Recitals 24 and 37
Art. 7 WFD 1. Member States shall identify, within each river basin district:
‐ all bodies of water used for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption providing more than 10 m3 a day as an average or serving more than 50 persons, and
‐ those bodies of water intended for such future use.
‐ 2. Member States may establish safeguard zones for those bodies of water.
‐ Other provisions for drinking water abstractions in art. 7 WFD (Dir. 98/83/EC and 80/68/EEC, “drinking water”)
Dir. 75/440 art. 1, 2 3 (repealed by art. 22 WFD, effect 2007), directive on surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water
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WFD: Whereas…drinking water supply
(15) The supply of water is a service of general interest
as defined in the Commission communication on
services of general interest in Europe.
(24) Good water quality will contribute to securing the
drinking water supply for the population.
(37) Member States should identify waters used for
the abstraction of drinking water and ensure
compliance with Council Directive 80/778/EEC of 15
July 1980 relating to the quality of water intended for
human consumption.
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (5)
 Drinking water abstractions (i) areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption under Article 7 WFD;
Spanish incorporation of Art. 7 WFD, in art. 99 bis 2. a) TRLA, art. 24.2.a) RPH, and cap. 4. 1 and .2 IPH
IPH 4.1. ZONAS DE CAPTACION DE AGUA PARA ABASTECIMIENTO
 Serán zonas protegidas aquellas zonas en las que se realiza una captación de agua destinada a consumo humano, siempre que proporcione un volumen medio de al menos 10 metros cúbicos diarios o abastezca a más de cincuenta personas, así como, en su caso, los perímetros de protección delimitados.
4.2. ZONAS DE FUTURA CAPTACION DE AGUA PARA ABASTECIMIENTO
 Serán zonas protegidas aquellas zonas que se vayan a destinar en un futuro a la captación de aguas para consumo humano y que hayan sido identificadas como tales en el plan hidrológico. En su delimitación se aplicaran los mismos criterios que para las zonas de captación actuales.
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IPH 4.1. ZONAS DE CAPTACION DE AGUA PARA ABASTECIMIENTO
En la delimitación de estas zonas protegidas se tendrán en cuenta los siguientes criterios:
 a) En el caso de captaciones en ríos la zona protegida estará constituida por la captación o agrupación de captaciones y por la masa de agua situada inmediatamente aguas arriba, pudiendo extenderse a otras masas de agua en caso de que se considere necesario para una adecuada protección.
 b) En el caso de captaciones en lagos o embalses la zona protegida estará constituida por el propio lago o embalse.
 c) En el caso de captación directa de aguas costeras la zona protegida estará constituida por la captación y su entorno próximo, teniendo en cuenta las corrientes litorales de la zona costera en que se encuentre. En el caso de captación mediante pozo la zona protegida estará constituida por la captación y una zona de salvaguarda hasta la línea de costa.
 d) En el caso de captaciones de aguas subterráneas la zona protegida estará constituida por el perímetro de protección, cuando haya sido definido, o por la captación y su zona de salvaguarda. Si existen varias captaciones próximas se podrán agrupar en una misma zona protegida, que puede abarcar la totalidad de la masa de agua subterránea. Para cada zona protegida se indicaran las masas de agua que forman parte de ella, total o parcialmente, y las captaciones incluidas. Para cada captación se especificara su vinculación con el inventario de presiones indicando la extracción de agua a que corresponde. Asimismo, se especificará su vinculación con el Sistema de Información Nacional de Aguas de Consumo (SINAC) del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo.
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (6)
Second type of protected areas: ii) areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquatic species;
 Shellfish growing and freshwater fish breeding water 

Dir. 79/923/EEC shellfish waters Dir. 78/ 659/EEC, waters supporting fish life; replaced by Dir 2006/44/EC, on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life 

Salmonid waters and cyprinid waters. Minimum quality criteria to be met by such waters
Art. 22 WFD: Both dir to be repealed on 22 Dec. 2013
IPH 4.3. ZONAS DE PROTECCION DE ESPECIES ACUATICAS ECONOMICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVAS
Serán zonas protegidas aquellas zonas que hayan sido declaradas de protección de especies acuáticas significativas desde el punto de vista económico
Se incluirán en este grupo las zonas definidas en la Orden APA/3328/2005, de 22 de septiembre, del Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, por la que se hacen publicas las nuevas relaciones de zonas de producción de moluscos y otros invertebrados marinos en el litoral español. Asimismo, se incluirán las zonas declaradas para dar cumplimiento a la Directiva 78/659/CEE del Consejo, relativa a la calidad de las aguas continentales que requieren protección o mejora para 31
ser aptas para la vida de los peces.
III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (7)
Third type of protected areas:
 Bathing waters
(iii) bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including areas designated as bathing waters under Directive 76/160/EEC;
 Repealed by Directive 2006/7/ EC concerning the management of bathing water quality



Art. 1. surface waters used for bathing (not swimming pools…)
Art. 3 Member States shall annually identify all bathing waters and define the length of the bathing season.
Quality criteria for bathing water: two parameters (intestinal enterococci and escherichia coli) for analysis, monitoring and classification (four quality levels: poor, suficient, good, excellent). If “poor”, management measures
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(iii) bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including areas designated as bathing waters under Directive 76/160/EEC;….
IPH 4.4. MASAS DE AGUA DE USO RECREATIVO
Serán zonas protegidas las masas de agua declaradas de uso recreativo, incluidas las zonas declaradas aguas de baño. En el caso de las aguas de baño se consideraran las zonas incluidas en el censo de zonas de aguas de baño según lo dispuesto en el articulo 4 del Real Decreto 1341/2007, de 11 de octubre, sobre la gestión de la calidad de las aguas de baño. a) En los ríos se delimitará para cada zona de baño el tramo de río correspondiente donde se realiza el baño. b) En lagos y embalses la zona de baño se delimitara como una franja de agua contigua a la ribera, con una anchura de 50 metros.
c) En zonas de baño costeras se consideraran las zonas balizadas, y en los tramos de costa que no estén balizados se delimitará una franja de mar contigua a la costa de 200 metros anchura en las playas y de 50 metros en el resto de la costa, de acuerdo con articulo 69 del Real Decreto 1471/1989, de 1 de diciembre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento General para desarrollo y ejecución de la Ley 22/1988, de 28 de julio, de Costas. Para cada zona de aguas de baño se especificara su vinculación con el Sistema de Información Nacional de Aguas de Baño (NAYADE) del Ministerio de 33
Sanidad y Consumo.
III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (8)
Fourth type of protected areas:
 Nutrient‐sensitive areas
(iv) nutrient‐sensitive areas, including areas designated as vulnerable zones under Directive 91/676/EEC and areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC; ‐ Directive 91/676/EEC, “nitrates”: aims to protect water against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources through a number of measures. Among others, identification of water and groundwater affected by pollution or at risk of being so, and designation of vulnerable zones (art. 3), which are the known areas of land in the Member states territories which drain into the identified waters.
‐ Directive 91/271/EEC, “urban waste water”: concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. Annex II, criteria for identifying sensitive and less sensitive areas which receive the treated waters. The treatment of urban water is to be varied according to the sensivity of the receiving waters.
(Relation with art. 10 WFD, on the combined approach for the point and diffuse sources)
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(iv) nutrient‐sensitive areas, including areas designated as vulnerable zones under Directive 91/676/EEC and areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC; IPH 4.5. ZONAS VULNERABLES
Serán zonas protegidas aquellas zonas que hayan sido declaradas vulnerables en aplicación de las normas sobre protección de las aguas contra la contaminación producida por nitratos procedentes de fuentes agrarias. Estas zonas son designadas por las comunidades autónomas en sus respectivos ámbitos, de acuerdo con el Real Decreto 261/1996, de 16 de febrero, sobre protección de las aguas contra la contaminación producida por los nitratos procedentes de fuentes agrarias. Para cada zona protegida se indicaran las masas de agua afectadas y las unidades de demanda agraria implicadas.
4.6. ZONAS SENSIBLES
Serán zonas protegidas aquellas zonas que hayan sido declaradas sensibles en aplicación de las normas sobre tratamiento de las aguas residuales urbanas. En el ámbito de aplicación de esta instrucción, en las cuencas hidrográficas intercomunitarias, estas zonas son las declaradas por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino mediante Resolución de 10 de julio de 2006, de la Secretaria General para el Territorio y la Biodiversidad. En aguas de transición y costeras son las declaradas de forma oficial por las diferentes comunidades. Para cada zona protegida se indicara la masa de agua que constituye la zona sensible, el criterio aplicado para su determinación, las aglomeraciones urbanas afectadas por la declaración de zona sensible y el nutriente que debe ser reducido con un tratamiento adicional. Asimismo, se delimitara la subcuenca vertiente a la zona sensible en la que se encuentran las aglomeraciones urbanas 35
afectadas
III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (9)
Fifth type of protected areas: Water‐dependent Nature 2000 sites
(v) areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, Art. 1 WFD…
including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC and Directive 79/409/EEC.
 Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora






Art. 2 Purpose
“Favorable conservation status” of a natural habitat (art. 1. e) or of a species (art. 1. i)
Art. 3. Natura 2000 network: Special Area of Conservation (and Special Protection Area)
Art. 6 Conservation measures for protected areas; exceptions
Annex I Natural habitat types of Community interest whose conservation requires the designation of Special Area of Conservation
Annex II Animal and plant species of Community interest whose conservation requires the designation of Special Areas of Conservation
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and protected areas (10)
Types of protected areas: Water‐dependent Nature 2000 sites (v) areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC and Directive 79/409/EEC.
 Birds Directive 79/409/EEC, Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds (codified version)



Art. 3. Creation of protected areas, as a measure to preserve habitats for wild birds Special Protection Areas (SPA)
Art. 4.2 requires protection of wetlands and particularly to wetlands of international importance, for protection of wild birds and migratory birds
Annex. Species 37
Water‐dependent Nature 2000 sites (v) areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC and Directive 79/409/EEC.
IPH 4.7. ZONAS DE PROTECCION DE HABITAT O ESPECIES
Serán zonas protegidas aquellas zonas declaradas de protección de hábitat o especies en las que el mantenimiento o mejora del estado del agua constituya un factor importante de su protección, incluidos los Lugares de Importancia Comunitaria, Zonas de Especial Protección para las Aves y Zonas Especiales de Conservación integrados en la red Natura 2000 designados en el marco de la Directiva 92/43/CEE, de 21 de mayo de 1992, y la Directiva 79/409/CEE, de 2 de abril de 1979. Se delimitará el área de la zona protegida en la que se localiza el hábitat o las especies relacionadas con el medio acuático. Se indicarán las masas de agua, tanto superficial como subterránea, vinculadas con la zona protegida. Asimismo se recogerán los hábitats y especies a partir de las cuales se ha realizado la norma de protección, así como los requerimientos hídricos estimados de acuerdo con el apartado 3.4.
38
How to identify the water‐dependent Natura 2000 sites among all the Nature 2000 sites?
Annex I aquatic habitat types or Annex II aquatic species under the Habitats Directive or with water‐dependent bird species in Annex I of the Birds Directive
Criteria in the CIS Guidance Document No 12. on the role of Wetlands in the WFD.
…Natura habitats include specific surface water habitats, such as oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto‐Nanojuncetea, and Natura species include those that live in surface waters, such as lampreys and Atlantic salmon. Other Natura habitats and species may depend on saturated conditions, groundwater at or near the surface of the ground or frequent flooding. Others may depend directly on aquatic processes (e.g. sand dunes reliant on the movement of sediment in adjacent coastal waters) or on increased humidity…
Ecological criteria for identifying Natura Habitats and Species that are directly dependent on the status of water
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Ecological criteria for identifying Natura Habitats and Species that are directly dependent on the status of water
Natura 2000 SPECIES
1.a Aquatic species living in surface waters as defined in Article 2 of the WFD (e.g. bottle‐nose dolphin)
1.b Species with at least one aquatic life stage dependent on surface water (i.e. breeding)
1.c Species that rely on the non‐
aquatic but waterdependent habitats relevant under 2.b and 2.c in the HABITATS column of this Table (e.g. Killarney fern)
Natura 2000 HABITATS
2.a Habitats which consist of surface water or occur entirely within surface water, as defined in Art. 2 of the WFD (e.g. estuaries)
2.b Habitats which depend on frequent inundation, or on the level of groundwater (e.g. alluvial alder wood)
2.c Non‐aquatic habitats which depend on the influence of surface water ‐ e.g. spray, humidity (bryophyte‐rich gorges) should be considered
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III. Definitions. Surface water bodies and WFD protected areas (11). Conceptual relation between surface water bodies and protected areas
 Some surface water bodies are WFD protected areas, but not all surface water bodies are protected areas
 Some WFD protected areas are surface water bodies, but some other protected areas are groundwater bodies or water‐dependent ecosystems (habitats and species)
 Protected areas: among “Other criteria for delineating surface water bodies”


WFD CIS Guidance Doc. num. 2 Identification of water bodies
“In case a water body would not fully be inside or outside a protected area, it may be considered to subdivide the water bodies into two parts so that the boundaries coincide…” 41
IV. WFD main provisions for (surface water bodies and ) protected areas I. Objectives and programme of measures
•Environmental objectives
• Exemptions
art. 4.1 and .2 WFD,
arts. 4.4, .5, .6, .7, .8 y.9
•Programme of measures
management plans, art. 12)
(art. 11 WFD, River basin
II. Register of Protected areas
art. 6 WFD
III. Waters used for the abstraction of drinking
water,
art. 7 WFD
IV. Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater
status and protected areas, art. 8. 1 and Anex V
WFD
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Some Objectives and obligations of results
Environmental objectives: art. 4.1 WFD
(Instrument: programme of measures…, art. 11)
•Environmental objectives for surface waters (art.
4.1.a), and for groundwaters (art. 4.1.b)
• Reach the good status of surface water
bodies (ecological and chemical) and
groundwaters bodies (chemical and
quantitative),
• No deterioration,
• To suppress the discharges of prioritary
dangerous substances in 20 years and to
reduce emissions of prioritary substances
•Objectives to reach in protected areas, art. 4.1. c
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«Environmental objectives» for Protected areas (art. 4.1.c WFD), and Programme of measures (art. 11 WFD)
• Reach the good status of surface waters (ecological and
chemical) and groundwaters (chemical and quantitative)…
•Objectives to reach in protected areas.
Art. 4.1.(c) for protected areas: Member States shall
achieve compliance with any standards and objectives
at the latest 15 years after the date of entry into force
of this Directive, unless otherwise specified in the
Community legislation under which the individual
protected areas have been established.
Main WFD instrument: Programme of measures, art.
11, among “basic measures” those required to
implement Community legislation on water protection
(including specified in art. 10 and part A of Anex VI)
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WFD – Implementation Timetable and Protected areas
Year
Deadlines/ outputs
WFD Ref.
2000
Directive entered into force
Art. 25
2003
WFD becomes law in individual EU countries
The River Basin Districts and Authorities are decided
Art. 24
Art. 3
2004/’05
Characterisation completed: including pressures, impacts and economic analysis
Register of Protected areas
Art. 5
Art. 6
2006
Monitoring networks are established for River Basin Districts
Latest possible start of public consultation
Art. 8
Art. 14
2008
Draft river basin management plans are published
Art. 13
2009
Finalise river basin management plan (incl. the measures necessary to achieve them)
Art. 13 & 11
2010
Introduce pricing policies for water use
Art. 9
2012
Implement a programme of management measures aimed at achieving good status by 2015
Art. 11
2015
Ensure that the river basin management plans have delivered the required environmental objectives
Art. 4
2021
First round of water management work ends
Art. 4 & 13
2027
Second round of management work ends. This is the final deadline for meeting WFD objectives
Art. 4 & 13
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Some «environmental objectives» and obligations of results Art. 4. 1 & 2 WFD Art. 4.1. Environmental objectives for surface
waters, groundwater and protected areas.
•Reach the good status of surface waters (ecological and chemical) and
groundwaters (chemical and quantitative),
•Objectives to reach in protected areas, in 15 years, unless otherwhise in
specific legislation
Art. 4. 2. Where more than one of the objectives
under paragraph 1 relates to a given body of water,
the most stringent shall apply.
- Ex. If a certain concentration of phosphorous is needed to
achieve “good ecological status” and a more stringent value is
needed to achieve “favourable conservation status”, then the
more stringent value applies
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Exemptions art. 4. 4 to .7 WFD Art. 4.4. The deadlines established under paragraph 1 may be
extended for the purposes of phased achievement of the
objectives for bodies of water, if…
5. Member States may aim to achieve less stringent
environmental objectives than those required under
paragraph 1 for specific bodies of water if…
6. Temporary deterioration in the status of bodies of water
shall not be in breach of the requirements of this Directive if …
7. Member States will not be in breach of this Directive
when: failure to achieve good groundwater status, good
ecological status or, where relevant, good ecological potential
or to prevent deterioration in the status of a body of surface
water or groundwater is the result of …
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Conditions for application of art. 4… Art. 4. 8 & .9 WFD Art. 4. 8. When applying paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7,
a Member State shall ensure that the application
does not permanently exclude or compromise the
achievement of the objectives of this Directive in
other bodies of water within the same river basin
district and is consistent with the implementation of
other Community environmental legislation.
9. Steps must be taken to ensure that the application
of the new provisions, including the application of
paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, guarantees at least the
same level of protection as the existing
Community legislation.
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Exemptions in Protected areas Are these exemptions (art. 4.4 to .7) applicable to
art. 4.1.c) which describes the objectives for
protected areas?
CIS Guidance Document Exemptions
Yes, but compliance with art. 4.8 and 4.9 WFD:
exemptions from the WFD environmental objectives
cannot be used to deviate form objectives and
obligations set by other pieces of EU legislation.
Example. If development causes deterioration of status and
failure to achieve the objectives for a Nature 2000 site:
conditions of art. 4.7 WDF and conditions of art. 6 Habitats
directive….
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Art. 6 Register of protected areas
 1. Member States shall ensure the establishment of a register or registers of all areas lying within each river basin district which have been designated as requiring special protection under specific Community legislation for the protection of their surface water and groundwater or for the conservation of habitats and species directly depending on water. They shall ensure that the register is completed at the latest four years after the date of entry into force of this Directive.
 2. The register or registers shall include all bodies of water identified under Article 7(1) and all protected areas covered by Annex IV.
 3. For each river basin district, the register or registers of protected areas shall be kept under review and up to date.
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ANNEX IV PROTECTED AREAS
 1. The register of protected areas required under Article 6 shall include the following types of protected areas:
 (i) areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption under Article 7; (ii) areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquatic species; (iii) bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including areas designated as bathing waters under Directive 76/160/EEC; (iv) nutrient‐sensitive areas, including areas designated as vulnerable zones under Directive 91/676/EEC and areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC; and (v) areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC(1) and Directive 79/409/EEC(2).
 2. The summary of the register required as part of the river basin management plan shall include maps indicating the location of each protected area and a description of the Community, national or local legislation under which they have been designated.
Spanish regulation
IPH. Cap. 4.  El plan hidrológico comprenderá un resumen del registro de zonas protegidas que incluirá mapas indicativos de la ubicación de cada zona, información ambiental y estado de conservación, en su caso, y una descripción de la legislación comunitaria, nacional o local con 51
arreglo a la cual haya sido designada.
Art. 7 Waters used for the abstraction of drinking water
1. Member States shall identify, within each river basin district:
 ‐ all bodies of water used for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption providing more than 10 m3 a day as an average or serving more than 50 persons, and
 ‐ those bodies of water intended for such future use.
 Member States shall monitor, in accordance with Annex V, those bodies of water which according to Annex V, provide more than 100 m3 a day as an average.
2. For each body of water identified under paragraph 1, in addition to meeting the objectives of Article 4 in accordance with the requirements of this Directive, for surface water bodies including the quality standards established at Community level under Article 16, Member States shall ensure that under the water treatment regime applied, and in accordance with Community legislation, the resulting water will meet the requirements of Directive 80/778/EEC as amended by Directive 98/83/EC.
3. Member States shall ensure the necessary protection for the bodies of water identified with the aim of avoiding deterioration in their quality in order to reduce the level of purification treatment required in the production of drinking water. Member States may establish safeguard zones for those bodies of water.
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Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption
 …Member States shall ensure that drinking water:
 Does not contain any concentration of micro‐
organisms, parasites and any other substance with constitutes a potential human risk…
 Meets the minimum requirements (microbiological and chemical parameters and those relating to radiactivity) laid down by the directive…
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Article 8 Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas
 1. Member States shall ensure the establishment of programmes for the monitoring of water status in order to establish a coherent and comprehensive overview of water status within each river basin district:
 ‐ for surface waters such programmes shall cover:
 (i) the volume and level or rate of flow to the extent relevant for ecological and chemical status and ecological potential, and
 (ii) the ecological and chemical status and ecological potential;
 ‐ for groundwaters such programmes shall cover monitoring of the chemical and quantitative status,
 ‐ for protected areas the above programmes shall be supplemented by those specifications contained in Community legislation under which the individual protected areas have been established.
ANNEX V 1. Surface water status. 1.3 Monitoring of ecological status and chemical status for surface waters. 1.3.5. Additional monitoring 54
requirements for protected areas
ANNEX V 1. Surface water status
1.3 Monitoring of ecological status and chemical status for surface waters. 1.3.5. Additional monitoring requirements for protected areas The monitoring programmes required above shall be supplemented in order to fulfil the following requirements:
Drinking water abstraction points Bodies of surface water designated in Article 7 which provide more than 100 m3 a day as an average shall be designated as monitoring sites and shall be subject to such additional monitoring as may be necessary to meet the requirements of that Article. Such bodies shall be monitored for all priority substances discharged and all other substances discharged in significant quantities which could affect the status of the body of water and which are controlled under the provisions of the Drinking Water Directive. Monitoring shall be carried out in accordance with the frequencies set out below…
Habitat and species protection areas Bodies of water forming these areas shall be included within the operational monitoring programme referred to above where, on the basis of the impact assessment and the surveillance monitoring, they are identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives under Article 4. Monitoring shall be carried out to assess the magnitude and impact of all relevant significant pressures on these bodies and, where necessary, to assess changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Monitoring shall continue until the areas satisfy the water‐related requirements of the legislation under which 55
they are designated and meet their objectives under Article 4.
This work was supported by a
grant from the “Programa de
desarrollo territorial y gestión
del agua en la Comunidad de
Madrid”, funded by
Comunidad de Madrid
(S2007/HUM-0474).
PI: Prof. Catedrático Ángel
Menéndez Rexach
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Thank you
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