1996 llllllll

PROCEEDINGS OF THE
FIRST INTERNATIONAL
PIPELINE CONFERENCE
1996
VOLUME 1
REGULATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS
CURRENT ISSUES
MATERIALS
CORROSION AND INTEGRITY
Sponsored by
OMAE Calgary Chapter
ASME, USA
ABCM, Brazil
ACIEM, Colombia
AICHE, USA
AIIE, Spain
AIME, USA
AIOM, Italy
ANIME, Mexico
ASCE, USA
ASMECANICA, Italy
BSE, Bahrain
CAI, Argentina
CAPP, Canada
CEPA, Canada
CGA, Canada
CIV, Venezuela
CLAROM, France
CMES, Beijing
CMES, Czech Republic
CSME, Canada
CSME, China
CSME, Taipei, China
DIF, Denmark
DKMM, Germany
ESE, Egypt
ESRA, Europe
GCM, France
GTE, Hungary
HKIE, Hong Kong
HSMEE, Greece
I. Mech.E, UK
IE, Australia
IE, India
T H E
United
A M E R I C A N
Engineering
IE, UK
IEEE, USA
IEI, Ireland
IES, Singapore
ME, Indonesia
IM, UK
IME, India
IMECHE
ISF, France
JSME, Japan
KIM, Korea
KM, The Netherlands
KSME, Korea
KVIV, Belgium
NACE, USA
NIF, Norway
NSF, Norway
OE, Portugal
OPEMZ, New Zealand
OST, Australia
PSME, Philippines
RAS, Russia
RSME, Romania
SBM, Belgium
SIMP, Poland
SMEI, Israeli
SMETJ, Yugoslavia
SSS, Slovakia
TCME, Turkey
The Petroleum Society of
CIM, Canada
TWI, UK
UIT, Italy
VDI, Germany
S O C I E T Y
Center
O
/ 3 4 5 East
Presented at
The First International Pipeline Conference (IPC 96)
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
June 9-13, 1996
Organized by
Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
Division, ASME
Edited by
MIKE YOON
VALMET AUTOMATION, CALGARY
MICHAL MENSIK
NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION, LTD.
MO MOHITPOUR
NOVA GAS INTERNATIONAL, LTD.
UB/TIB Hannover
114 248 540
! * • ! • ! • • ! • • IHIJ
TOC
Street
llllllll
ill; I W l l l l l l l l l l
F M E C H A N I C A L
47th
89
! • • • • • • • • • • • • •feitidn H i i t i U i miHj • • • • ! • ! • » •feHiiidBBi
/ New
E N G I N E E R S
York,
N.Y. 10017
CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
REGULATIONS, CODES, AND STANDARDS
Performance Compliance
Noise Control Performance Guidelines for Compressor Station Design
Leslie D. Frank, Nigel B. Maybee, and Neal Matthews
PETRONAS Gas BHD Experiences in Accreditation of ISO 9002 Quality
Assurance Standard for Its Pipeline Operations Division in Malaysia
Muhamed AH Hashim Mohamed and Ismail Abdul Rahman
The Investigation of Pipeline Accidents: Canada's Approach
William T. Tucker
Regulatory Issues
Managing Environmental Noise Associated With Pipeline Facilities
in Canada
David C. DeGagne
Effectiveness of U.S. and International Pipeline Regulations With Regard to
Land Use Planning
Robert Dresnack, Eugene Golub, Joshua Greenfeld, F. H. (Bud) Griffis,
and Louis J. Pignataro
Pipeline Abandonment: A Discussion of Technical and Environmental Issues
by Pipeline Abandonment Technical and Environmental Working Groups
Karen Leah Etherington
CURRENT ISSUES
Competitive Environment
Benchmarking for Competitive Advantage
David Korpach and Mark Hutchison
Pipelining in a Changing Competitive Environment
E. Glynn Jones and Donald M. Wishart
The North Peruvian Oil Pipeline and Its Future
Jorge A. Toledo Ocampo
Communications and Operations
A Cost-Effective Method of Achieving Meaningful Citizen Participation in
Public Roadway Pipeline Studies
Mario E. Buszynski
Optimal Hub Location in Pipeline Networks
Dawn R. Dott, S. C. Wirasinghe, and Amit Chakma
Unleashing the Hidden Value of a Pipeline Through the Use of Visual
Communications
Paul B. Connor.
Pipeline Hydrocarbon Transportation: Some Operating Concerns and R&D
Trends
M. L. Fernandez, E. E. Tapanes, and P. V. Zelitskaya
Risk Assessment and Management
Control of Internal Pipeline Corrosion Based Upon an Evaluation of Risk:
A Case for Change
David J. Richardson
Target Reliability Levels for Pipeline Limit States Design
T. J. E. Zimmerman, Q. Chen, and M. D. Pandy
Pipeline Maintenance Planning Based on Quantitative Risk Analysis
M. J. Stephens and M. A. Nessim
Quality and Risk Management: Complementary Management Techniques
to Assist Pipeline Life Cycle Integrity
Bruce E. Fowlie
ix
1
9
17
21
25
31
49
55
63
73
79
85
95
103
111
121
133
Risk Communication, A Component of an Integrated Risk Management
Process for Pipeline Operators
David C. DeGagne
A New Approach to Pipeline Risk Assessment and Integrity Management
Wayne H. Feil and Graeme G. King
Public Safety Risk Assessment of Natural Gas Liquids Pipelines
Michael J. Zelensky and W. Arthur J. Springer.
MATERIALS
Sour Service and External Corrosion
Arctic Linepipe With High Resistance to Crack Propagation and HIC
Gregorio R. Murtagian, Guillermo L. Fitzsimons, Juan C. Gonzalez,
Irina S. Kotova, and Nikoli I. Anenkov
Quantitative Examination of Segregation in Slabs for the Production of Sour
Service Linepipe
Bernhard Hoh
Mechanical Properties of Line Pipe
Dynamic Ductile Tearing in High Strength Pipeline Steels
F. Rivalin, T. lung, M. Di Fant, and A. Pineau
Determination of the Crack-Arrest Toughness of the Pipeline Steel X 70
S. Felber
Manufacture, Properties, and Installation of X80 (550 MPa) Gas Transmission
Linepipe
M. Milos Kostic
Comparison of Ring Expansion vs Flat Tensile Testing for Determining
Linepipe Yield Strength
Wahib E. Saikaly, William D. Bailey, and Laurie E. Collins
A Simple Procedure for Synthesizing Charpy Impact Energy Transition
Curves From Limited Test Data
Michael J. Rosenfeld
External and Internal Coating Systems
Tar-Polyurethane Joint Coating for the Three-Layer Polyethylene Pipeline
Coating
Robert H. Rogers
External Pipeline Coating Selection for New and Existing Buried Pipelines
Mick D. Brown
Material Technology Trends to Improve Multi-Layer Coatings:
Challenges to Traditional Thinking
Jamie W. Cox, Denis Grimshaw, and Carmine D'Agostino
High Temperature Pipeline Coatings Using Polypropylene Over Fusion
Bonded Epoxy
Richard Norsworthy
The Use of Thermoplastic Lined Pipelines for Aggressive Hydrocarbon Service
Kenneth A. Woodward and Tariq Al-Hassan
CORROSION AND INTEGRITY
Research and Testing
Effect of Asphaltene Deposition on the Internal Corrosion in Transmission
Lines
Jose L. Morales, Alfredo Viloria, and Carlos A. Palacios T.
Limit Loads for Pipelines With Axial Surface Flaws
G. Shen and W. R. Tyson
Integrity Management
Practical Diagnostics of Russian Gas Transmission Pipelines
V. V. Kharionovsky
Predictive and Preventive Maintenance of Oil and Gas Production Pipelines
in the Area North Monagas-Venezuela
Miguel Angel Lugo Perez
141
145
151
159
167
177
183
203
209
215
223
237
243
253
261
269
277
285
293
Validating the Serviceability of IPL's Line 13
John Kiefner, Willard Maxey, John Smith, and
Robert Lazor
Pipeline Accident Statistics: Base to Pipeline Rehabilitation
Timur Chis
Inspection
R&D Advances in Corrosion and Crack Monitoring for Oil and Gas Lines
D. L. Atherton, W. Czura, T. W. Krause, P. Laursen, B. Mergelas, and
C. Hauge
Measuring Pipeline Movement in Geotechnically Unstable Areas Using
an Inertial Geometry Pipeline Inspection Pig
Jaroslaw A. Czyz, Constantino Fraccaroli, and
Alan P. Sergeant
Internal Inspection Device for Detection of Longitudinal Cracks in Oil and
Gas Pipelines: Results From an Operational Experience
H. H. Willems, 0. A. Barbian, and N. I. Uzelac
Inspection Challenges: Pigs versus Pipes
E. M. Holden and Keith Grimes
Colonial's Experience With Finding Longitudinal Defects With Internal
Inspection Devices
Dennis C. Johnston and Stephen S. Thomas
Defect and Repair Assessment
Residual Strength of 48-Inch Diameter Corroded Pipe Determined by Full
Scale Combined Loading Experiments
Stephen C. Grigory and Marina Q. Smith
New Procedures for the Residual Strength Assessment of Corroded Pipe
Subjected to Combined Loads
Marina Q. Smith and Stephen C. Grigory.
Assessment of Long Corrosion Grooves in Line Pipe
Duane S. Cronin, K. Andrew Roberts, and Roy J. Pick.
Pipeline Failure Investigations: Analytical Techniques and Case Studies
Brian R. Wilson
Life After Inspection
Keith Grimes and David G. Jones
The Evaluation and Restoration of a Deteriorated Buried Gas Pipeline
Ricardo Dovico and Eduardo Montero
Maintenance and Repair
AC Corrosion: A New Threat to Pipeline Integrity?
Robert A. Gummow, Robert G. Wakelin, and
Sorin M. Segall
Evaluation of Stray Current Effect on the Cathodic Protection of Underground
Pipeline
K. W. Park, Y. B. Cho, K. S. Jeon, S. M. Lee, and
Y. T. Kho
Coating Integrity Survey Using DC Voltage Gradient Technique at Korea
Gas Corporation
Y. B. Cho, K. W. Park, K. S. Jeon, H. S. Song, D. S. Won, S. M. Lee, and
Y. T. Kho
Corrosion and Cathodic Protection at Disbonded Coatings
J. H. Payer, K. M. Fink, J. J. Perdomo, R. E. Rodriguez, I. Song, and
B. Trautman
Stress Corrosion Cracking
Stress and Strain State of a Gas Pipeline in Conditions of Stress-Corrosion
V. V. Kharionovsky and V. P. Tcherni
Pipeline SCC in Near-Neutral pH Environment: Recent Progress
W. Zheng, R. W. Revie, F. A. MacLeod, W. R. Tyson, and
G. Shen
XI
307
319
329
337
345
353
369
377
387
401
409
417
435
443
455
463
471
479
485
Stress Corrosion Cracking of a Liquid Transmission Line
Ravi M. Krishnamurthy, Reg W. MacDonald, and
Peter M. Marreck.
Factors Influencing Stress Corrosion Cracking of Gas Transmission Pipelines:
Detailed Studies Following a Pipeline Failure:
Part 1, Environmental Considerations
Martyn J. Wilmott and David A. Diakow.
Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipe Lines of Russia
Tatyana K. Sergeyeva and Igor A. Tychkin
Investigation of the Passivity, Hydrogen Embrittlement and Threshold Stress
of Duplex Stainless Steel
Mirko Gojic, Mirjana Metikos-Hukovic, and Ranko Babic
Study of Stress-Corrosion Cracks: Physical and Mechanical Properties of
Steel After Hydrostatic Re-Testing
S. Karpov, M. Korolyov, and Tatyana K. Sergeyeva
Mechanisms of High-pH and Near-Neutral-pH SCC of Underground Pipelines
John A. Beavers and Brent A. Harle
Stress Corrosion Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels in NS4 Solution
A. Plumtree and S. B. Lambert
Factors Influencing Stress Corrosion Cracking of Gas Transmission Pipelines:
Detailed Studies Following a Pipeline Failure:
Part 2, Pipe Metallurgy and Mechanical Testing
Martyn J. Wilmott and David A. Diakow.
Author Index
495
507
525
533
547
555
565
573
587