Pinares mediterráneos de pinos mesogeanos endémicos

9540
Pinares mediterráneos de pinos mesogeanos endémicos
INTERPRETATION MANUAL OF EUROPEAN UNION HABITATS. EUR 28 (April 2013)
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic woods of thermophilous pines, mostly appearing as substitution or
paraclimactic stages of forests of the Quercetalia ilicis or Ceratonio-Rhamnetalia. Longestablished plantations
of these pines, within their natural area of occurrence, and with an undergrowth basically similar to that of
paraclimactic formations, are included.
Sub-types : 42.81 - Maritime pine forests. Forests and plantations of Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica of southwestern France and the western Iberian peninsula, 42.82 - Mesogean pine forests. Forests of Pinus pinaster ssp.
pinaster (=Pinus mesogeensis) of the western Mediterranean, mostly in siliceous meso-Mediterranean, upper
meso-Mediterranean and supra-Mediterranean situations of Spain, Corsica, south-eastern France, northwestern Italy, Sardinia and Pantelleria; 42.821 - Iberian mesogean pine forests. Pinus pinaster forests of the
Iberian peninsula, appearing mostly as substitution communities of Quercus rotundifolia, Q. pyrenaica or,
locally, Q. suber, Q. faginea woodlands; 42.822 - Corbières mesogean pine forests. Isolated Pinus pinaster dominated woods of the Corbières; 42.823 - Franco-Italian mesogean pine forests. Pinus pinaster forests of
siliceous lower meso-Mediterranean areas of Provence, of marls and limestones of the upper mesoMediterranean level of the Maritime Alps and the Ligurian Alps, and of mostly siliceous or clayey soils of the
hills of Liguria and Tuscany. mostly on granitic substrates; they are very developed, accompanied by a maquislike understory, in the meso-Mediterranean zone, mostly in its upper levels; they occur locally within the supraMediterranean zone, on adrets and at lower altitudes, as facies of laricio pine forests; 42.825 - Sardinian
mesogean pine forests. Pinus pinaster formations on granitic substrates of northern Sardinia, with Arbutus
unedo, Quercus ilex, Rosmarinus officinalis, Erica arborea, Genista corsica, Lavandula stoechas, Rubia
peregrina, Calicotome spinosa, Pistacia lentiscus, Teucrium marum; 42.826 - Pantellerian mesogean pine
forests. Pinus pinaster woods of Pantelleria; 42.83 - Stone pine forests. Mediterranean forests and old
naturalised plantations of Pinus pinea. Old introductions in many areas often makes the distinction between
self sown forests and long-established formations of artificial origin difficult. These are thus included here,
while recent, obviously artificial groves are not: 42.831 - Iberian stone pine forests. Pinus pinea forests of the
Iberian peninsula, where they reach their greatest development; 42.832 - Balearic stone pine woods. Pinus
pinea formations of the Balearic Islands, native only on Ibiza and Formentera; 42.833 - Provence stone pine
woods. Pinus pinea formations of Provence, possibly spontaneous on coastal sands and in the Maures area.
42.834 - Corsican stone pine woods. Pinus pinea formations of the littoral of Corsica, some of which may be of
natural origin, in particular on old dunes of the east coast.
42.835 - Sardinian stone pine forests. Pinus pinea formations of Sardinia.
42.836 - Sicilian stone pine forests. Pinus pinea formations of the Monti Peloritani, north-western Sicily, of
probable native origin;42.837 - Peninsular Italian stone pine forests. Large, ancient, Pinus pinea plantations of
the Tyrennian, and locally, Adriatic coasts of the Italian peninsula, in Liguria, Toscany, Latium, Campania,
Emilia-Romana (Ravenna) and Friuli-Venetia Giulia (Grado); 42.838 - Greek stone pine forests. Pinus pinea
woods of the littoral and coastal hills of the Peloponnese, Chalcidice, Crete and Aegean islands, rather local but
probably in part, at least, spontaneous; a splendid example exists, in particular, on Skiathos; 42.84 - Aleppo
pine forests. Woods of Pinus halepensis, a frequent colonist of thermo- and calcicolous meso-Mediterranean
scrubs. The distinction between spontaneous forests and long-established formations of artificial origin is often
difficult. The latter are thus included here, while recent, obviously artificial groves are not; 42.841 - Iberian
Aleppo pine forests. Pinus halepensis forests of Spain, considered native for at least two-thirds of their
considerable expanse; they are mostly restricted to eastern regions on the Mediterranean slope of the
Catalonian mountains, the Maestrazgo, the pre-Baetic ranges of the upper Guadalquivir basin, the southern
Andalusian mountains; they penetrate farther inland in the Ebro basin and around the headwaters of the Tagus
and Guadalquivir systems; 42.842 - Balearic Aleppo pine forests. Pinus halepensis formations of the Balearics,
present and probably native on all the major islands; 42.843 - Provenço-Ligurian Aleppo pine forests Mostly
lower meso-Mediterranean Pinus halepensis forests of Provence and of the lower slopes and coastlines of the
Maritime and Ligurian Alps, extensive and undoubtedly native; 42.844 - Corsican Aleppo pine woods. Rare and
local Pinus halepensis woods of the Corsican coasts, some, at least, possibly natural; 42.845 - Sardinian Aleppo
pine woods. Pinus halepensis formations of Sardinia, where certainly native woods occur on Isola di San Pietro
and the Sulcis coast of Iglesiente; 42.846 - Sicilian Aleppo pine woods. Pinus halepensis formations of Sicily and
peripheral islands (Egadi, Lampedusa, Pantelleria); 42.847 - Peninsular Italian Aleppo pine forests Pinus
halepensis formations of the Italian peninsula; extensive, probably at least partially native ones are
individualised in the subdivisions below; 42.848 - Greek Aleppo pine forests Pinus halepensis formations of
Greece, where the species is relatively widespread, particularly in Attica, Thessaly, the coasts of the
Peloponnese and of central continental
Greece, the Ionian islands, Chalcidici, the northern Sporades, Euboea and Skiros.
42.85 - Aegean pine forests. Pinus brutia forests of Crete and eastern Aegean islands. Eastern vicariants of
Aleppo pine forests (42.84), they comprise, however, taller, more luxuriant, and often extensive, formations.
Disjunct formations of this pine or of related species, described from Crimea and the Caucasian region (Pinus
pityusa, Pinus stankewiczii, Pinus eldarica) have been included..
42.851 - Aegean pine forests of Crete. Pinus brutia-dominated forests of Crete and its satellite islands Gavdos
and Gaidaronisi, pure or mixed with Cupressus sempervirens; they are widespread in particular in the White
Mountains, the Psiloriti range, the Dikti range and, locally, in the Sitia mountains and the Asterousia mountains.
42.852 - Aegean pine forests of Lesbos. Extensive Pinus brutia forests of Lesbos, occupying Mount Olympus and
surrounding hills in the south-eastern quadrant of the island, as well as parts of the Kuratsonas range in the
north-west; these forests harbour the only European population of the nuthatch Sitta krueperi and the most
significant one of the orchid Comperia comperiana; 42.853 - Aegean pine forests of Samos. Pinus brutia forests
covering large expanses of Samos, in particular in the Ambelos range, the Kerki mountains, the southern hills
and the north-eastern peninsula; 42.854 - Aegean pine woods of Chios. Remnant forests of Chios with a
composition and stratification similar to those of the forests of Samos; 42.855 - Aegean pine forests of Thasos.
Broad Pinus brutia belt on the lower reaches of Thasos, up to about 400 to 500 metres, mixed with Pinus
pallasiana in the higher areas; 42.856 - Aegean pine woods of Samothrace. Mostly sparse Pinus brutia
formations of the lowlands of Samothrace; 42.857 - Aegean pine forests of Rhodes. Remnant Pinus brutia
forests of Rhodes, still represented by some relatively natural formations with rich scrub undergrowth; 42.858 Aegean pine forests of Karpathos. Fairly extensive Pinus brutia forests of Karpathos, distributed, in particular, in
the northern coastal area, the southern interior and the middle elevation of Kali Limni; 42.859 - Aegean pine
forests of the Dodecanese. Pinus brutia formations of the islands of Simi, Kos, Leros and Ikaria.
Especies
Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica, Pinus pinaster ssp. pinaster (=Pinus mesogeensis), Pinus pinea, Pinus halepensis,
Pinus brutia.
Diagnosis
En este hábitat se incluyen formaciones dominadas por 3 especies de pinos de marcado carácter mediterráneo (Pinus halepensis, P. pinea y P. pinaster), de las que, en Andalucía,
únicamente encontramos las formadas por pino carrasco (P. halepensis) , que constituyen pinares-sabinares situados en zonas de alta xericidad, generalmente del interior de los territorios
béticos, y las formadas por pino resinero (P. pinaster subsp. acutisquama) que corresponden bien a un pinar-coscojar asociados a rocas serpentínicas y peridotíticas, o bien a pinaressabinares abiertos sobre arenas dolomíticas, propios de las Sierras de Tejeda y Almijara. Las formaciones de pino piñonero sobre dunas y arenas litorales corresponden al HIC 2270, y el resto
de los pinares de piñonero se consideran fuera de su área de distribución natural y por tanto, no se incluyen en ningún HIC. De manera general estas formaciones se presentan como
manchas de matorral más o menos denso sobre el que se presenta un estrato arbóreo de pinar de cobertura media. Los pinares-sabinares de P. halepensis son formaciones edafoxerófilas
propias de calizas y dolomías, donde Juniperus phoenicea (sabina mora), Rhamnus lycioides, Juniperus oxycedrus, Rhamnus myrtifolius, Echinospartum boissieri, Thymus orospedanus o
Fumana paradoxa son especies comunes. El pinar-coscojar de pino resinero, propio de serpentinas y peridotitas, se caracteriza por las especies Quercus coccifera, Juniperus oxycedrus,
Staehelina baetica, Genista lanuginosa y Digitalis lacianiata, entre otras especies. Los pinares-sabinares de P. pinaster y Juniperus phoenicea (sabina mora), se desarrollan sobre dolomías
triásicas, en su mayor parte kakiritizadas, que dan lugar a un paisaje de arenales y roquedos ruinosos fácilmente disgregables. Estos pinares se caracterizan por la presencia de Rhamnus
myrtifolius y Juniperus oxycedrus en el estrato arbustivo.
En estos ambientes boscosos es frecuente la aparición de un variado conjunto de aves paseriformes forestales, como carboneros y herrerillo (Parus sp.), así como de mamíferos como el
gato montés (Felis silvestris), el meloncillo (Herpestes ichneumon) y la gineta (Genetta genetta).
Interpretación
Este HIC se considera fundamentalmente fitocenológico. Son formaciones de Pinus halepensis, o P. pinaster, donde la cobertura del arbolado supera el 30 (-25) % de la ocupación en la
unidad territorial considerada y está acompañada de un estrato arbustivo característico del tipo de bosque que se trate (presencia de la asociación vegetal definitoria), con una ocupación
significativa. Los pinares de repoblación son consideradas como hábitat de interés comunitario cuando se correspondan con formaciones maduras, con sotobosque desarrollado, donde ya
no es apreciable el marco de plantación y se encuentren dentro de su área natural de distribución.
Las comunidades características de estos HICs pueden presentar estructura de pinar, correspondiente al HIC 9540, o bien de matorral (coscojares o sabinares según la comunidad de que se
trate), correspondiendo en este caso a los HICs de matorral 5210 (sabinares) o 5330_7 (coscojares).
Respecto a las formaciones de pinos piñoneros, en Andalucía solo se consideran HICs las que se desarrollan sobre arenas y dunas litorales, que se incluyen en el HIC 2270.
Variabilidad
La diversidad de sustratos sobre los que se desarrolla el hábitat, de especie de pinos y comunidades vegetales características, de condiciones ecológicas y biogeográficas condicionan la alta
variabilidad que presenta este HIC tanto de manera general como en nuestra comunidad.
Distribución en España
Los bosques de pino carrasco son característicos de climas cálidos y secos de la mitad oriental peninsular y de Baleares, casi siempre en sustratos básicos y por debajo de 800 m de altitud.
Las formaciones de pino resinero se localizan en arenales y roquedos más o menos ácidos de casi toda la Península, siendo más raros en el nordeste y suroeste. Los pinares de pino piñonero
se localizan fundamentalmente en la Meseta norte, Sistema Central, la Mancha, interior de Cataluña y Baleares.
Distribución en Andalucía
Los pinares de Pinus halepensis se localizan en la vertiente costera de algunas montañas del sur de Andalucía (por ejemplo, sierras de Tejeda y Almijara), desde el nivel del mar hasta los 700
m de altitud, sobre sustratos calcáreos y dolomíticos, así como al sur de las montañas de Segura y Cazorla, desde Sierra Mágina, en Jaén, hasta la provincia de Murcia, entre 500 y 800 m de
altitud, sobre margas, calcáreas o no, e incluso yesos. Los pinares de Pinus pinaster se localizan bien sobre dolomías del sector bético oriental, fundamentalmente Sierra Tejeda y Almijara, o
bien sobre peridotitas del sector occidental malacitano, sobre sustratos serpentínicos, de la zona suroccidental de la provincia de Málaga (Sierra Bermeja, Sierra de las Nieves, Sierra de la
Alpujata, Sierra de Carratraca,…). También aparece una reducida representación en las areniscas oligocenas del Aljibe (Cádiz).
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Relación con "A classification of Palaearctic habitats" 1995 version . Para la dsitribución total del HIC.
42.8
Mediterranean pine woods
42.81
Maritime pine forests
42.814
Iberian maritime pine forests
42.82
Mesogean pine forests
42.821
Iberian mesogean pine forests
42.8211
Northern-Iberian mesogean pine forests
42.8212
Cordilleran mesogean pine forests
42.8213
Southern-Iberian mesogean pine forests
42.82131
Siliceous Southern-Iberian mesogean pine forests
42.82132
Calcicolous Southern-Iberian mesogean pine forests
42.8214
Cazorlan mesogean pine forests
42.8215
Southern Andalusian mesogean pine forests
42.82151
Aljibe mesogean pine forests
42.82152
Andalusian peridotite mesogean pine forests
42.82153
Andalusian dolomite mesogean pine forests
42.82154
Eastern Andalusian calcicolous mesogean pine forests
42.82155
Eastern Andalusian silicicolous mesogean pine forests
42.8216
Leonese mesogean pine forests
42.8217
Catalonian mesogean pine forests
42.829.ES
Repoblaciones de Pinus pinaster en el entorno de su área natural
42.83
Stone pine forests
42.831
Iberian stone pine forests
42.8311
Western Andalusian stone pine forests
42.8313
Castilian stone pine forests
42.8314
Cordilleran stone pine forests
42.8315
Catalonian stone pine forests
42.8316
Morena stone pine forests
42.8317
Manchegan stone pine forests
42.832
Balearic stone pine woods
42.84
Aleppo pine forests
42.841
Iberian Aleppo pine forests
42.8411.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) con sotobosque de lentisco (Pistacia lentiscus), aladierno (Rhamnus alaternus), Phillyrea spp.
y lianas, de óptimo litoral
42.8412.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) con sotobosque de coscoja (Quercus coccifera)
42.8413.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) con sotobosque de maquias de carrasca (Quercus rotundifolia)
42.8414.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) con sotobosque de matorrales calcícolas, de óptimo litoral
42.8415.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) con sotobosque de matorrales calcícolas, continentales
42.8416.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) con sotobosque de matorrales silicícolas
42.8417.ES
Repoblaciones de Pinus halepensis en el entorno de su área natural
42.8418.ES
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis), con sotobosque de Ampelodesmos mauritanica
42.842
Balearic Aleppo pine forests
42.84B
North African Aleppo pine forests
Relación con la Lista Patron Española de Hábitats Terrestres (En estudio). Para los habitats presentes en Andalucía.
4
BOSQUES
42
BOSQUES DE CONÍFERAS
42.8
Pinares termófilos mediterráneos y atlánticos
42.82
Pinares de Pinus pinaster mediterráneos
42.821
Pinares de Pinus pinaster de la Península Ibérica
42.8215
Pinares de pino resinero (Pinus pinaster) del sur de Andalucía
42.82152
Pinares de pino resinero (Pinus pinaster) sobre peridotitas
42.82153
Pinares de pino resinero (Pinus pinaster) sobre dolomías
42.84
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis)
42.841
Pinares de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis) de la Península Ibérica
Relación con EUNIS habitat classification 2007. Para los habitats presentes en Andalucía.
G
Woodland, forest and other wooded land
G3
Coniferous woodland
G3.7
Lowland to montane mediterranean [Pinus] woodland (excluding [Pinus nigra])
G3.72
[Pinus pinaster ssp. pinaster] ([Pinus mesogeensis]) forests
G3.721
Iberian mesogean pine forests
G3.7215
Southern Andalusian mesogean pine forests
G3.72152.ES
Pinares de pino resinero (Pinus pinaster) sobre peridotitas
G3.72153.ES
Pinares de pino resinero (Pinus pinaster) sobre dolomías
G3.74
[Pinus halepensis] forests
G3.741
Iberian [Pinus halepensis] forests
Entidades fitosociológicas relacionadas con el hábitat
QUERCETEA ILICIS
Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni
Ir a la ficha
h
h
Pino acutisquamae-Juniperion phoeniceae
Pino acutisquamae-Quercetum cocciferae
h
Pino acutisquamae-Quercetum cocciferae arbutetosum unedonis
Rhamno myrtifolii-Juniperetum phoeniceae
h
Rhamno lycioidis-Pinetum halepensis
h
Comunidad de Pinus halepensis