1 0.1. Destructores En ocasiones la creación de un objeto emplea

0.1. Destructores
"!$#%&('!*)+,.-/'& #10"324'654&789' :;,'<>=()1'?@54-;'?.54-A!;(BDC&'4' -AE)%<F' G:;'F)+
-/'!;' -/HI2'><>'<F&-/#%2#1KJE<F#%4LM)ONPRQS TIUWVESXKTY2'>54(Z.)+&!;'['?!\5((]^5((.#%0&3_"5('
'?!\)%)%&<6&24&5:;"<6JI:;#+ &<F' G:;'[ 5(EK2Y')"789'.:/!;'`2'?!9:/-;54a"'[."b' )Wc(d2'`)%#%7K'-/&'?!$'`-;'?.54-A!$ 5(EK2Y')"789'.:/2'$89'>2'>'.e#+!9:/#1->f^)+&!g-;'C&)+&!g_"5('`2' :;' -/<F#1KEd 5(EK2
54@"789'.:/2'54( )%"!$'!;'2'!$:;-/54a"'!$"Z)+&!h<F#+!$<6"!i_G54'=(E-A6.5KE)+_"5(#1'-Hj&-;#+E7()1'"k
!/E)%#1-F2')hJ&<[74#1:;l!;#m'?!FE5:/&<6JI:/#%4BW)1)+E<6&2(n3oRpqGp"r4pn!;#h'!F2#%(JE<F#+ 4BWc(KE)2' )
=4-/&C"-/&<6Y!;#O'!*C&)%&7KE)O@'!$:/JE:;#+ "s.L)2'?!9:/-;5Kt:;"-*:;#%' 4'6')O<F#%!;<F,4&<`74-;'F_G54'6' )
&(!$:;-/5(t:/&-h=M' -/>=(-;'?.'24#%2F2'54K`HRu%-;C"54)+Zf9v&sa4>:;#%' 4'&-;C"54<F' G:;G! L
wMx?yDz qE{4op| xE}(~ rRpG€jM‚
{ ~x?yRƒ„y €jDp ~?… € z p ~ ro†
~ rRG{ z r‡o€"r }4~"ˆ
xy r‡‰Š$‹Š;ŒO†
†
z qG€ ~G~ p ~ rRG{ z rG{4€RŽ"o x?y €? xGz € ˆ
oR€"r }(~j… †
… {R‘Kq xGz’
p ~ rRG{ z rG{4€Ž&o x?y € xGz €W“ x?y r„€OŠ x?y r”‘•Š x?y r z–Eˆ
—R— € ~xjƒGy € zxE}&y op˜Dpj }  x €
…4™"y p&š”o€"r }4~ †
—R— {Rr x q x ŒR€ zxE}&y op›qG€œDpj }  x €€ ~x?ƒGy €Go€
… ‚E‰ ™ €O†
… ‚E‹ ™ ‘•†
… ‚&Œ ™Kz †
z&} {Rr(|R|MžIŸI‘( Rp"r }„z 4pG€Go } žI|G|Gp y o4qW†

—G— op ~ rGG{ z r } 
vEp ~ rRG{ z rG{4€RŽ"o x?y €j x"z €W“ –Iˆ
—R— ~ p›q x ‘(p"4€‡q"€¡Dp? }  x €¢€ ~xjƒGy €Go€„€ …
opq"p"r4p … †
z&} {Rr(|R|MžIŸI‘( Rp"r } op ~ rRG{ x o } žI|R|Gp y o4qW†

—G—"£ { yDzRxE}&y¢… {R‘Kq xGz €OŠ@€ zRz p"op€q€"rR x ‘R{r }¡…
—G— ‹¡DpGo x € y r4p„pq‡€›q }(~ op›qG€›p ~ rRG{ z rG{4€
xy r ~ {&D€“ –
ˆ
—R— q }  xG~  }„¤ {4p ~x~ p„¥R{R‘ x p ~ pp ~Gz  x r }
—R— “ j…–W¦ ‰R§O“ j…–¦ ‹§“ ?…–¦ Œ
4p"r"{ y… ‚E‰§ … ‚E‹§ … ‚&Œ†

†
}(x o £ “ x?y r yD–&ˆ
x?y r x †
—R— qRq"€jD€Go€¢€q zE}&yD~ rR"{ z r } 
p ~ rR"{ z rG{€Ž"o x?y €j xGz € } rR4€“DŠOŠ – †
—R— ~ p¢{ ~ €›q"€ £ { yDzxE}&y… {R‘Kq xGz €
z&} {r4|R| y § } rR4€ ¦A~ {&M€“ – |R|&p y o4q†
—R— €q‡qRq"p ƒ €"”€q £ x?y €q¢opq¡‘Kq }"¤ {(p
—R— ~ pop ~ rRG{‹pOŠ@qRqG€?D€Go€„€Rq‡op ~ rRG{ z r } 
—R— €&{Rr } D€"r xGz €jDp y rp

x?y r¢M€ x?y “ –
z&} {r4|R|Mž …  x Dp"4€¡qRqG€?D€Go€„€ £ Iž |G|Gp y 4o qW†
£ “ – †
z&} {r4|R|Mž ~ p ƒ { y o€¡qRqG€?D€Go€„€ £ Iž |G|Gp y 4o qW†
£ “ – †
ˆ

E)%#+24F2''!$:;'*=4-/&C"-/&<F(k
…  x Dp"4€‡qGqG€jD€GoR€„€ £
ŸE‘4 Rp"r }›z pR€Go }
ŸE‘4 Rp"r } op ~ rRG{ x o }
~ p ƒ { y o€‡qGqG€jD€GoR€„€ £
ŸE‘4 Rp"r }›z pR€Go }
ŸE‘4 Rp"r } op ~ rRG{ x o }
6
d !.#"Z %$'& m
•)( *
( + [W
, &24,HI&-;#+E74)%'Y2'Y54(b )%"!$''?!54Kb-/' =4-/'!;' G:/".#%0&l2'Y5(l:;#%=K3E7(!$:;-A&.:;b2'
24I:/"!' 5((i:/54=4)+\2'mHIE)%&-/'!L !$:; '!B?' )."":/' 4#+2 2')+iHIE-/#+E74)%''?!9:AJ\."<F=454'!$:;
=K"-)%"!Hj&)1"-;'?!2'\)1G!•24E:;G!2' c(4#+2"!•2' G:;-/[2'g)%[.)+&!;'&.L -"-:/&G:;(BG)+&!;#1C"(& #10"
."(!$#+!$:;'*' Z)%6 &=4#+>2''!;"!hHIE)%&-/'!L
>)1G!'$89' <F=4)%"!WHR#%!$:;G0! /(&!$:/g1 /4"-/(B)%"!I:/-;#%745:/"!W2'h)%"!.)+&!;'!=K'-$:/' 4'?.u+E`\:;#%=M"!
=4-/'2' c(4#+2"! ' ,+2%2 L #O!$'6&!;#%C&(Y54n"789'.:/Z2'F)+&!*.)+&!;'!gHR#%!$:/"!*Y&:;-/Y&7489'.:;
2'*)%F<F#+!$<6F.)+&!;'&BR'?!9:A`"=K'-/".#%0&Z.&=(#%&-/J`)1G!hHIE)%&-/'!h2'*)1G!24I:/"!h<F#%' <[7(-;G!m24' )
&789' :;3b)+n2'-;'? /(n2')%d&=M' -A& #10"œ2'"!$#%C&K&.#%0&'¡!;5(!>E(J&)1"C&"![2' )h&7489'.:;
)+64# 3_G54#%' -A24Y2')"=K'-/"2&-g2'`"!$#%C&(".#%0& BKC&'4' -AJE(24"!;'54b&7489'.:;Z."-;-/'.:;(L #1
' <`7(E-/C&KBI'!$:;'i=4-/.'?2#1<F#%' G:;&=4)%#%&2*)+.)+&!;'\p ~ rGG{ z rG{R4€Ž"o xy €j x"z €24'.c(4#+24
' `)% !$'? #10"`EG:/' -/#1"-4 =4-/R245(.'m' )R-/'!;54) :A&2 E=M'.:/'.#+2KL 5\-A1 30&'?!W)% !$#%C&5(#1'":/'&B
0.2. Asignacin y paso por valor de objetos como argumentos
')424I:/<>#%' <`74-/*24''!/ )%"!$'h'?!O54F=454G:;'-; 54(*'?!9:/-;5Kt:;5(-/*2'h:/#1=Mo€&r }(~ L #(!;'
5:/#1)%4# 3h' )&&=M' -A&2"- 2'&!;#1C"(& #10"g=(-;'?2'.c((#%2KB !;'.&=(#%&-/Jm' )&Hj&)1"- 2' )G24I:/<F#1'<[74-/
2'65((b.)+&!;',f 4s*')%@&:;-A4L )•HIE)%&-2''?!$'2(I:;,<F#%' <`74-;,'?!54l=45(":/' -/(B =M&)%Y:AEG:;@)%,_"5('F!;'F.&=(#%&-/JZ!$'-/JY)%@2#%-/' #10"d2'F<F' <F"-;#+Y'2&(24'>!;'6E)%<F".'(
)+['?!9:/-;5Kt:;5(-/F2' :;#%=MFo€"r }(~ BR4F)%"!h &<F=KG!2'*'!/`'?!9:/-;5Kt:;5(-/`' Z54(>'!$:;-/5(.:;54-A
&=454G:/"24>=K"-\' )W &<>=M DL(,)+Fc(C"54-A 4L !$'=45('2'`H&' -5((6-/' =4-/'!;' G:/".#%0&@2' )
&G:;'4#%24[2'\)+<F' <F"-;#+2')M &<F=45:A&2"-' Y'!$:;'\&!;(B&"7(! -/H&'!;'i."<F' )M'!$:/"2
c(KE)2'`)+<F'<>"-;#+(Y'! ')24'!;'&24(B(')O.&G:/' 4#+224'`)+<F' <F"-;#+Y"!$.#+&2(‹
4d!$'-/' =()1#+ ,'œ' )m."":/' 4#+2n24'Y‰DL \4#%E<F' G:/'!;'Y."=4#%b' )HI&)1"-`2' DB_G54''!
54=454G:;'-;KB"=M' -/[([' ) &G:;'4#%24`2' )%[HIE-/#%&74)1' E=45(":A&24=K"-m') BG54(`'!$:;-/5(.:;54-A
&:;-/'! &<F=KG!2'*:;#%=K6'G:;' -/(L•!9:A6.#%-/ 54(!$:/EK.#+`=(54'2'=(-;25( #1-f ' G:;-/'*E:/-;G!
=4-/&7()1'<F"!/s_G54'h' )=4-/&C"-/&<6\!;'m#%G:;'-;-/54<F=(4Bj'?!O2' #1-?BEE54F."<F=4#1)+EK2 !;#%`'-;-/&-/'!B
'?!9:/"!g=454'24' 3=4-;25K.#%-/!;'['n:/#1'<>=M,2'>'989' 5(.#%0&L -"- '$89' <F=4)%(B'n' )&!;2'>)+
2' c(4#+.#%0&FEG:;'-;#%&-?B?' )(!;#1C"54#%' G:;'D€ xy “ – =4-;25K.'h54F' -/-;"-'>:;#%' <F=K24'm'$89' 5(.#%0& B
&)•)%)%&<6E-`24"!`H&' '!>."(!$'?.5:/#1HI&<>'G:;'YdoRpqGp"r4p,=(&-/n54(b<F#+!$<6d2#1-/'.#%0&˜24'
<F' <F"-;#+4L
x?y r¡D€ xy “ –
ˆ
p ~ rR"{ z rG{€Ž"o x?y €? x&z €œ€“ Š Š – Š9‘“ Š OŠ – † —R— oRp z qG€E4€ zRxI}Ey op €" x €E‘KqGp ~
—R— …  } }(z €& œ{ y p"R } 
‘ ™ €O†
—R—"£ xy opq …  }"ƒ 4€jD€OŠ ~ p qGqG€jD€" „€qop ~ rR"{ z r } ¢op”€‡‹ op¢‘
—R— qG€ ~ p ƒ { y oR€‡qRqG€jD€"o€ …  } }(z €˜{ y p"R } ”p y r x pj …4} op›pG Rp z { zRx &y

)4 &<F=M&-;:/E<F#%' G:; &2'?.5("2*2' )"=K'-/"2&-2'&!;#1C"(& #10"[!;'•=45('2'h&7K!$'-;HIE-W' >)+
c(C"54-A (L BG"7(! -/H&'!;'g &<F>' Z'!$:;' "!$F!$# !;'."=4#%&Y)%"!E<F=KG!h2'*)%>'!$:;-/5(.:;54-A
&=454G:/"244L
\(!$#1:;5K&.#%0&!;#%<>#%)+E-!;'i=4-/25(.'i 5(EK2!$'\5:;#%)14# 3' )(=K&!;=K"-HIE)%&-2'\Hj&-;#+E7()1'?!
&<F>&-;C"54<F' G:;G!•24'g]^5((.#%&4'?! L'?!$' "!$KBG&24`=(&-/J&<>' :;-/[-/'&)D24' )+>)1)+E<6"24
!;'[."=4#+6' b')=KE-AJE<F'.:/-;>]^&-/<6E)W.&-/-/'!;=K"(2#%' G:;''b)%2'.cK4#% #10"b2'[)+6]^5((.#%0& B
"2' <6J&!W=4-/' HR#+E<F' G:/'h!;' /(*2'i.-/'&-54FG5(' H& &7489'.:;KBI' F' )4_G54'i!;'."=4#%&-/Jg' )HI&)1"2')4=(&-/J&<>' :;-/g-/'&) B&=K"-'!$:;'<FE:/#1H"(BE!;#K!;'5:;#%)%# 3?*<>'<F&-/#%*2#%(JE<F#+ (B&!$''<F=4)1'?E-AJ
')&=M' -A&24&- y p&šL -OE-A,!$")15K.#%&(&-'!$:;'=4-;"74)%' <64BW!$'Y!;&7(-;'? E-/C"Z')•."(!$:;-/5(t:/&-?B
2' c(4#%' (24Z5((ZH&' -A!;#10"d_G54'F-;'?.#%7K'6 &<FZ&-;C"54<F' G:;Z54(Z-/'.]^'-;'(.#+ &(!$:/&G:;'F
54KFHj&-;#+E7()1'2')<F#+!$<FF:;#%=M(L -"-\'989'<F=4)1KB4' )W."(!9:/-;5Kt:;"-i2'[ &=4#+62'54K.)+&!;'
:;'(2-AJb54œ=(-;&:;E:/#1=M “ z&}&yM~ r ‰ – † Lœ' ) "!$b24' )h=(&!;b=M&-`-;' ]^' -/' ( #%,(
' eR#+!$:;'n(#14C 4”=(-;"74)1'<64Bm4¢!;'d &=4#+œ')*Hj&)1"-Z24'd)+˜HI&-;#+E74)%'d!;#%4¡_G54'l!$'d5(!/
54l4"<[74-/'FE)1:;' -/(E:;#%H&lf !;#140"4#%<>Rs =(E-A ) L' )•!$#%C&54#%' G:/'>'$89' <F=4)%,!$'6<`54'!$:;-A
&<Fœ-/'2' c(4#%-')g"=K'-/"2&-Z2'3"!$#%C&K&.#%0&2'd]^&-/<6œ&24'.5K&24a‡!;'n'?!; -;#%7M'n' )
&(!$:;-/5(t:/&-h2'."=4#%(L i0&:;'!;'*_"5(' '@' )&=M' -A&24&-h2'&!;#1C"(& #10"46!$'*5:/#1)%4# 3 y pEš
&)h &G:;-AE-/#%d_G54'@' ¢' )\&!;d2')\."(!$:;-/5(t:/&-F2',.&=(#%(BO'!$:;3'!62'74#%24ll_G54'@' )
"789'.:/**)+*4# 3_G54#%' -A24*2' ) EaG /K*-;'?!$'-;HI&24g<F' <F"-;#+ 5:;#%)14# 3&(2 y p&š`.5KE(2 ]^54'
2'?.)+E-A&2f )1)+E<6&(2`&)K &(!$:;-/5(t:/&-m.&-/-/'!;=K"(2#%' G:;'jstL 24#% #1"(E)%<F' G:;'\!;'\'?!; -;#%7M'
54 &(!$:;-/5(.:;&-=K"-•2' ]^'t:/[_G54'g!;'i'$89'.54:/ 5(E(24[!$'g2' )%&-/&>"789'.:/"!24'\)+.)+&!;'
p ~ rR"{ z rG{€Ž"o x?y €? x&z €*!;#1@'?!; -;#%74#%-hF &G:;#%R5(& #10"Y:/-;'?!hHj&)1"-;'?!m' G:;-/'*=(E- G:;'?!$#+!L
1436
4827
a.p
4827
a.p
1435
7896
b.p
4827
b.p
?
1434
?
4827
1
a.p−>x
1
a.p−>x
4828
2
a.p−>y
2
a.p−>y
4829
3
a.p−>z
3
a.p−>z
7896
?
b.p−>x
?
b.p−>x
7897
?
b.p−>y
?
b.p−>y
7898
?
b.p−>z
?
b.p−>z
estructura_automatica a(1,2,3);
estructura_automatica b;
b=a;
W#1C"54-/ (L k , "":/' 4#+2Y24'[)+6<F' <F&-/#%6:;-A&!)+'$89'.5K.#%0&b2'`)%"!i#%(!9:/-;5K .#%&('!i_G54'
c(C&5(-/&>&)4=4#%'i2'i "24 <F&=(4B&#1)%5(!$:;-AE(2*')(."<>=M&-;:/&<F#1'":/ 24' )4"=K'-/"2&-2'i"!$#%C
(& #10"Z!;# !$'-/'24'.c(4'"2' 5(&24&<F' G:;'*.5(&(26!;' 54:;#%)1#43F<F' <F"-;#+`24#1(J&<F#%4L
0.2. Asignacin y paso por valor de objetos como argumentos
1436
4827
a.p
4827
a.p
1435
7896
b.p
7896
b.p
1434
?
4827
1
a.p−>x
1
a.p−>x
4828
2
a.p−>y
2
a.p−>y
4829
3
a.p−>z
3
a.p−>z
7896
?
b.p−>x
1
b.p−>x
7897
?
b.p−>y
2
b.p−>y
7898
?
b.p−>z
3
b.p−>z
?
estructura_automatica a(1,2,3);
estructura_automatica b;
b=a;
W#%C&54-A 4L k , &G:;'4#%24Y2'[)+6<F' <F"-;#+>:;-A&!\)%6'$89' 5(.#%0&n24')%"!i#%(!$:;-/5( #1"4'!g_"5('
c(C"54-AE‡E) =4#%'d2'l "24<6E=K4Bm#1)%5(!$:;-AE(2˜' )*.&<F=M&-;:/&<>#%' G:/˜2' )*"=K'-/"2&-Y24'
"!$#%C&(".#%0&Y!;# '?!h-;'?2'.c((#%26"2' 5(&24&<F' G:;'"L
wMxyDz qE{4oRp| xE}(~ rR4pR€‚
{ R~ x?yƒ„y €jMp ~j… € z p ~ ro†
~ rGG{ z r‡o€&r }(~"ˆ
x?y r‡‰Š$‹Š;Œ†
†
z q"€ ~R~ p ~ rGG{ z rG{R4€Ž"o xy €j x&z € ˆ
o€"r }4~”?… †
… {G‘Kq xGz’
p ~ rR"{ z rG{€Ž"o x?y €j xGz €“ x y r¡€OŠ xy r‘•Š xy r z–
ˆ
…™"y p&š›o€"r }(~ †
…D ‚&‰ ™ €†
…D ‚&‹ ™ ‘†
…D ‚"Œ ™Kz †
zE} {r(|R|Kž }&yD~ rRG{ z r } ¡€ … €"Rr x ‡oRp›p y r4p" }(~ žI|R|Gp y o4q†

v&p ~ rGG{ z rG{R4€Ž"o xy €? x&z €“ –
ˆ
oRpqGp"r4p … †
zE} {r(|R|Kž 4p ~ rGG{ z r }  žI|"|Gp y oRq†

p ~ rR"{ z rG{€Ž"o x?y €j xGz €“ –
ˆ
—G— z&}&yD~ rRG{ z r }  …4}  oRp £ p z r }
…™"y p&š›o€"r }(~ †
…D ‚&‰ ™ †
…D ‚&‹ ™ †
…D ‚"Œ ™ †
zE} {r(|R|Kž }&yD~ rRG{ z r }  …(} ”op £ p z r } žj|R|Gp y oq†

—R— z&}EyD~ rRG{ z r } ¡op z&}&…x €
p ~ rR"{ z rG{€Ž"o x?y €j xGz €“ zI}&yM~ r¡p ~ rRG{ z r"{4€Ž"o x?y €j xGz € € –
ˆ
…™"y p&š›o€"r }(~ †
…D ‚&‰ ™ € ¦ … ‚&‰†
…D ‚&‹ ™ € ¦ … ‚&‹†
…D ‚"Œ ™ € ¦ … ‚"ŒO†
zE} {r(|R|Kž }&yD~ rRG{ z r } ˜op z&}&…x €MžI|R|Gp y o4q†

—R— }&… p"4€Go } „op”€ ~xjƒ"y € zxE}Ey Š y(} ~ p z 4pG€„{ y
—R— } ‘4 Rp"r }˜y {(p }
0.2. Asignacin y paso por valor de objetos como argumentos
}Kx o }&… p"€"r }  ™ “ z&}&yD~ r¢p ~ rRG{ z rG{4€Ž&o x?y € xGz € € –
… ‚E‰ ™ € ¦ …D ‚&‰†
… ‚E‹ ™ € ¦ …D ‚&‹†
… ‚&Œ ™ € ¦ …D ‚"Œ†
z&} {Rr(|R|MžIŸ … p"4€Go } ˜op›€ ~ xjƒGy € z xE}&y žj|R|Gp y o4q†

ˆ
ˆ
xy r ~ {&D€“ –
4p"r"{ y… ‚E‰§ … ‚E‹§ … ‚&Œ†

†
—R— … € ~&}¡…(}  €q } Š ~ p„{r x q x Œ€„pq z&}&yM~ rRG{ z r } „oRp z&}E…x €
}Kx o £ Ž €q } “Ap ~ rGG{ z rG{R€ŽEo x?y €? xGz €¡€ –
ˆ
zE} {r(|R|Kž (q¡€ z €&‘(€"›p ~ r4€ £ { yDzRxE}&y ~ p›qRqG€jM€"4€„€qop ~ rRG{ z r }  žI|R|"p y oqW†
zE} {r(|R|"€ ¦A~ {&M€“ – |"|Gp y oqW†

—R— … € ~&}¡…(} ‡4p £ p"4p yDzRx €OŠ y4} ~ p¢{r x q x Œ€ yDx?yƒ { y zE}&yD~ rR"{ z r } 
€–
}Kx o £ Ž&4p £ p&4p yDzx €“Ap ~ rG"{ z rG{€RŽ&o x y €j x"z €
ˆ
zE} {r(|R|Kž (q¡€ z €&‘(€"›p ~ r4€ £ { yDzRxE}&
y Ÿ ~ p”qRqG€jM€"4€€qop ~ rGG{ z r }  žI|R|Gp y o4q†
zE} {r(|R|"€ ¦A~ {&M€“ – |"|Gp y oqW†

x?y r¡D€ xy “ –
ˆ
—G— ~ p”qRqG€jM€€q zE}&yD~ rR"{ z r } „€ … €"Rr x ‡oRp›p y r4p" }(~
—G— ‹›€q zE}&yD~ rR"{ z r }  …(} ”op £ p z r }
p ~ rRG{ z rG{4€Ž&o x?y € xGz €œ€“ Š OŠ – Š9‘•†
—G— ~ p”qRqG€jM€€q }E… p"4€Go } op”€ ~xjƒ"y € zxE}Ey
‘ ™ €O†
—G— ~ p¢{r x q x Œ€„pq … € ~E}„…4}  €q } Š …(}  q } r4€ y r } ~ p
—G— qRqG€jM€„€q z&}&yD~ rGG{ z r } „op z&}&…x €
£ Ž €q } “$‘ – †
—G— € ¤ { xly4}
£ Ž&4p £ p&4p yDzx €“$‘ – †
zE} {r(|R|Kž ~ p„qGqGp ƒ €‡€q £ x?y €RqŠ ~ pop ~ rGG{‹4p y q }(~ o }(~„} ‘( Rp&r }(~œ¤ {4p ¤ {4pGo€ y žj|R|Gp y oq†

!$:;'=(-;"C&-AE<6<`54'!$:;-A[=M&-=KEG:/&)1)+>)16!;#1C"54#1'G:;'&k
}&yD~ rRG{ z r } „€ … €"Rr x ‡op‡p y r4p& }(~
}&yD~ rRG{ z r }  …4}  oRp £ p z r }
Ÿ … p"4€Go } op”€ ~xjƒGy € zxE}&y
}EyD~ rRG{ z r } ¢op zE}&…x €
(q‡€ z €E‘(€"”p ~ r€ £ { yDzxE}Ey ~ p›qRqG€jD€&4€„€qop ~ rGG{ z r } 
4p ~ rRG{ z r } 
(q‡€ z €E‘(€"”p ~ r€ £ { yDzxE}Ey Ÿ ~ p qGqG€jD€"€„€qop ~ rR"{ z r } 
~ p›qRqGp ƒ €€q £ x?y €qWŠ ~ p”oRp ~ rRG{R‹4p y q }(~ o }(~¢} ‘( Rp"r }(~˜¤ {(p ¤ {(p"o€ y
4p ~ rRG{ z r } 
4p ~ rRG{ z r }