SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. A conceptual and operative approach to sustainability principles for the construction sector Víctor Manuel López-López Civil Engineer An English synopsis taken from the Spanish version of the Doctoral thesis (a condition required for the award of the European Doctorate) Barcelona, 2001. i SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. A conceptual and operative approach to sustainability principles for the construction sector. ENGLISH SYNOPSIS Contents Contents of the English synopsis Contents of the original Spanish version of the thesis Executive summary Introduction ii iii vii xi FIRST PART THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABILITY (chapter I and synopsis of chapters II and III). 3 SECOND PART TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS USED IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABILITY (synopsis of chapters IV and V) 33 THIRD PART SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (synopsis of chapters VI, VII, VIII and IX) 45 FOURTH PART TOWARD SUSTAINABILIT Y MEASURING (synopsis of chapters X, XI and XII). 77 FIFTH PART COMPENDIUM OF THE APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR (synopsis of chapter XIII and epilogue) ii 115 COMPREHENSIVE CONTENT OF THE ORIGINAL SPANISH VERSION OF THE THESIS Contents Executive summary List of figures and tables Acknowledgments Introduction FIRST PART THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABILITY CHAPTER I . FRAMEWORK OF THE THESIS 1. Justification 2. Objectives 3. Goals 4. Hypothesis 5. Methodology 6. State of the art CHAPTER II. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GENESIS AND EVOLUTION 1. Historical aspects 2. The Brundtland Report 3. The Earth Summit 4. Agenda 21 iii CHAPTER III. THE CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEBATE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. Conceptualization Sustainable Development definitions From the interpretation to the operativeness of the sustainability Weak Sustainability and Strong Sustainability SECOND PART TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS USED IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABILITY CHAPTER IV. THE THERMODYNAMIC ACTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND ITS SUSTAINABLE IMPLICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Energy and materials The Entropy law Entropy and life Entropy and environment Sustainable production and Sustainable Consumption CHAPTER V. SUPPORT TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Environment Impact Assessment Sustainability indicators Life-cycle Assessment Standards ISO 14 000 Decision-making process Economic life-cycle of the construction materials THIRD PART SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION CHAPTER VI. FUNDAMENTAL PREMISSES IN SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION 1. Justification for Sustainable Construction of buildings through their environmental impacts 2. Concepts and basic approaches 3. Sustainability principles applied to the Construction Sector iv CHAPTER VII. PLANNING AND DESIGNING FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION 1. Planning (pre-design) 2. Architectural design and facilities 3. Structural design CHAPTER VIII. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE FOR BUILDINGS AND SELECTION OF BUILDING PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS 1. Choosing building products and materials taking into account Sustainability principles 2. Environmental characteristics for some construction materials commonly used in buildings 3. Life-cycle analysis and its usefulness for selecting building materials 4. Construction processes on site CHAPTER IX. SETTING OUT SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES TO OPERATE AND DISUSE BUILDINGS 1. 2. 3. 4. Buildings operation and maintenance Recycling building products and materials Solid waste from buildings construction and demolition Buildings deconstruction FOURTH PART TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY MEASURING CHAPTER X . SETTING OUT A REGIONAL FRAMEWORK TO IDENTIFY SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS 1. Selecting a real region case study 2. Selected region baseline 3. Minimal proposal for regional Sustainability indicators CHAPTER XI. IDENTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS IN A REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION SECTOR 1. Setting out Sustainability indicators 2. Developing Sustainability indicators v CHAPTER XII. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS IN SELECTING BUILDING MATERIALS–A CASE STUDY 1. A regional ( northwestern Mexico) middle-class standard house 2. Choosing an appropriate assessment method for selecting standard house materials 3. Applying the chosen method 4. Output interpretation FIFTH PART COMPENDIUM OF THE APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR 1. Hypothesis validity 2. Conclusions, comments, and recommendations 3. Main findings from the thesis EPILOGUE BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES A. B. C. D. APPENDICES: Abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols Glossary Institutions and personnel contacted in the research phase Miscellaneous vi