1 1 Presentaci on de figuras La idea principal en este tema se

 "!$#&%(')!*(+,#&-/.0#1*/!324')-5')6878'978'):!;68'+<')6<=(:'')-?>@=('2&!36BA/CD=(+,!36">E=F'.HGD-@7<#1')-F')-?+<'0*(+<')68')-@7<!3.0#1GD-F')6"C3+!JI A.0!36
%F'K%(!L78GD6%F'0MB')-N+<')!32&#&O)!L+,68'K%F'?:GE%(GP>@=('K68')!3-Q2&GP:!3I 6;!3=(78G@'HRS*/2&#&.0!L7<#&TJ!36;*GD6,#1M/21'3UV9-NG378+,!P*/!32&!LM(+,!36)W
%F'0MB'):GD6$*B')-(6<!L+>@=('?2&!ACD=F+,!P-(G')687/!YI XF').,X(!Z*/!L+,!Z>@=('K>@=/#1')-Q2&!P21'0'K+<').0#&M/!P-E=F')6878+,!36['HRS*/2&#&.0!3.0#1GD-(')6
')-NTE#&T3GFW/6<#&-FG*/!L+\!>@=('52&!21')!*BG3+;6<#:#]6<:G^_2&!.HGD:*(+<')-/%(!SU
`ab` cedBf3g3h/iQjhlkmdnpo"kfDd
qKrtsvuwsQxzy{}|J~€‚_„†ƒ … {}‡t"ˆ5V6$=(-/!*/!L+<78'K#]:*BG3+<7<!3-‰78'5%('K=(-(!eA/CD=(+,!SU‹ŠpGD-/6<#&6878'Œ')-v=(-(!%F')6<.H+\#1*.0#GDI M(+<'0T3'3W9.HGD-(.0#&6<!Ž^G3MF‘'07<#1TL!Ž%F')2‹.HGD-‰78')-(#]%FG’%F'Y2]!“A/CD=(+,!SU’”;G€%F'0MB'Y.HGD-‰78')-F'0+Z#&-‰78'0+,*(+<'07<!3.0#1GD-F')6
GQ.HGD-(.02]=(6<#1GD-F')6'HRS78+,!(• I %/!365%F'2&!N21').H7<=F+\!N%F'2&!YA/CD=F+\!SU–w'0+<Gv6• I %F'0MB'.HGD-‰78')-F'0+2&!_#&-F—tG3+,:!3.0#4GDI -F').H')6<!L+\#&!*/!L+,!.HGD:*(+<')-/%F'0+>@=‹'I ')621G>E=F'68'9+,'0*(+<')68')-@7<!')-e')2&2&!SWD.HGD:GŒ*BG3+z'˜‘'):*/21GFWL')2F6<#&6878'):P!
%F'K>E=F'568'Œ78+\!L7<!GP2&!36;.HGD-(%(#&.0#1GD-(')6%F'52&!36$:')%/#&%(!360U
™š ƒ … {}‡t›PuwsŽ‡t/›Psœs@›3ˆ?Š!3%(!'˜‘'e%F'0MB'Œ+<G37<=(2&!L+\68'5.HGD-“')2ž-(GD:KM(+,'5GP6• I :?MBGD21G%F'K2&!:P!LCD-(#17<=(%“>E=F'568'
+<'0*(+,')68')-‰7<!Z^Q6<=/6;=(-(#]%(!3%F')60U[ŸE'e!3.HGD-(68'˜<!_>@=F'?')6878GN68'?X/!LCD!Y%('?2&!P—†G3+,:P!S $-FGD:KM/+<'¡P=(-(#&%/!3%F')6
¢ *žU£'˜0U¤¥¡.0:¦)§\U
¨ ›©D~/‡t~(›3ˆ5"GD6‹TJ!321G3+,')6#&-(#&.0#&!32&')6^PA-(!321')6‹%F'Œ21GD6‹'˜8')6‹ª«'¬­%F'0MB')-Z')2&'0CD#1+,68'Œ%F'Œ:GS%FG>@=F'Œ21GD6‹*=(-‰78GD6
+<'0*(+,')68')-‰7<!3%(GD6$GS.0=F*B')-“.HGD:*/21'07<!3:')-‰78'e2&!C3+!JI A.0!^_-(G!L*/!L+<'0O).0!3-Ž!L*')2]:!LO)!3%FGD6$')-v=(-(!O0GD-(!
%F'Y2&!“:#&6,:!SUN"!36e%(#1TS#&6<#1GD-F')6Œ%('0M')-€')21'0CD#1+,68'Z%F'Z:GS%FGQ>E=F'Z—t!3.0#&2]#178')-’')2.ž!3I 2].0=(21Gv:')-‰7<!32® V')6878'K6<')-‰7<#&%(G21GD6:¯(I= 217<#&*/21GD6p^Z6<=(M/:¯(I= 217<#&*/21GD6%('K°^Y±6<GD-N:?=F^_.HGD-@T3')-(#1')-@78')60W:#&')-‰78+,!36>E=F'521GD6
%F'?²%('0M')-“'0TE#17<!L+\68'3U
qK{}³ … /›3ˆ5"GD6*/=([email protected]+,+<')68*BGD-(%(#1')-@78')6!Z.0!3%(!Y*/!L+,'˜8!_%F'%(!L78GD6%F'0MB')-v6<'@-(´ !32&!L+,68'.02&!L+,!3:')-‰78'3Wž.HGD.D• I +,.0=/21GD6K*BG3+?'˜‘'):*21GFUµŸS#p68'_.HGD-FGS.H')-‚2]!36?#&:*(+<').0#&6<#&GD-F')65!368GS.0#&!3%(!360W.HGD-@TS#1')-F'Y+<'0*(+<')68')-@7<!L+,2&!36
.HGD-“M!L+<+,!36$%F'Œ'0+,+<G3+)U
¶ {"|4·F~(›3ˆ5¸'0MB'78+,!LO)!L+\68'9=(-/!$.0=F+<TL! ¢ >E=F'I '0T3')-@7<=(!32&:')-‰78'p*/=F')%F'968'0+w=/-(!+<').H7<!‰§">@=('=(-(!$!L*/+<G)RF#&:!3%(!J¹
:')-@78'e2&GD6$*/=(-@78GD6$+,')2&!3.0#1GD-(!3%FGD6)U V9687<!P%('0M'?68'0+[=(-/!2b• I -F')!6,=(!)T3'>@=('5*/!368'e!L*(+<G)RF#&:!3%/!3:')-‰78'
*BG3+$78GS%FGD6$21GD6*=(-‰78GD6)W(6<#&-N2&21'0CD!L+$-(').H')6<!L+,#&!3:')-@78'?!78GS.0!L+,21GD6)W(*(+<GS.0=F+,!3-(%(G>E=F'521GD6$*/=(-@78GD6$>@=('
-FGP.0!L')-Q'HRS!3.H7<!3:')-‰78'e')-“2&!2b• I -F')!68'K%F')68T• I ')-N%F'Œ')2]2&!*BG3+$#1CD=(!32ž!!3:?MBGD6;2&!3%FGD6)U
`a†º »‹¼Jh/½¿¾pÀÂÁ"i“jh‚n9o"kfDdi
™ZsE~/‡ÃrtÄD~(©‰r‰ƒ ³¿uwsQxzy{}|J~(›
°
2.9
2.8
log ( P / mmHg )
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.9
Å
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æz#1CD=F+<' V‘'):*/21G%F'A/CD=F+\!.HG3+<+<').H7<!S 2.9
Falta curva (o recta) aproximada
2.8
log ( P / mmHg )
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.9
3.0
Å
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
wÆ #&CD=F+<'°E Æz#1CD=(+,!?#]-(.HG3+<+<').H7<!?*BG3+p-FGe%(#1M/=L8!L+p=(-(!K2 # I • -F')!5>E=F'[*/!368'!L*(+<G)RF#&:!3%/!3:')-‰78'*BG3+‹21GD6*=(-‰78GD6
'HRE*B'0+,#&:')-‰7<!321')6)W(.0=(!3-(%FGÇ')I 6878GD6-FG68GD-v:?=(.\XFGD6^N-FG')687/!3I -v!LC3+,=F*/!3%(GD60U
™ZsE~/‡ÃrtÄD~(©‰r‰ƒ ³¿uwsQxzy{}|J~(›
²
2.9
Puntos sin señalar claramente
2.8
log ( P / mmHg )
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.9
Å
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æz#1CD=F+,'K²E Æz#1CD=F+,!#&-/.HG3+<+<').H7<!*BG3+;-FG68'E-/´ !32&!L+;.02&!L+,!3:')-‰78'K2&GD6*/=(-@78GD6'HRS*'0+\#&:')-@7<!321')60U
ÉEscala del eje X incorrecta
2.9
2.8
log ( P / mmHg )
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
Å
3.6
3.8
È
4.0
È
4.2
È
4.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æw#&CD=F+<'µÊF lÆw#&CD=F+,!l#&-(.HG3+,+<').H7<!‚*G3+N')2&'0CD#1+“=(-(!‚')6<.0!32&!l#]-(.HG3+<+<').H7<!Ç*/!L+\!Ë')2'˜8'’ªeW$>@=F'’-FGl*B'0+,:P#178'
!L*(+<GT3').\X(!L+78GE%FGP')2')68*/!3.0#1GX(G3+,#1O0GD-@7<!32ž%F'K2&!C3+!JI A.0!SU
™ZsE~/‡ÃrtÄD~(©‰r‰ƒ ³¿uwsQxzy{}|J~(›
Ê
2.5
log ( P / mmHg )
2.0
1.5
ÌEscala del eje Y incorrecta
1.0
0.5
0.0
2.8
2.9
3.0
Å
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æw#&CD=F+<'€±E lÆw#&CD=F+,!l#&-(.HG3+,+<').H7<!‚*G3+N')2&'0CD#1+“=(-(!‚')6<.0!32&!l#]-(.HG3+<+<').H7<!Ç*/!L+\!Ë')2'˜8'µ¬W$>@=F'’-FGl*B'0+,:P#178'
!L*(+<GT3').\X(!L+78GE%FGP')2')68*/!3.0#1GT3'0+,7<#&.0!32"%F'52]!C3+!JI A.0!SU
2.9
Ejes sin etiquetar
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Æz#1CD=(+<'KÍE Æz#1CD=F+,!#]-(.HG3+<+<').H7<!*BG3+GD:#&7<#1+$2&!36'07<#&>E=F'07<!36[%F'521GD6'˜8')6$ªÎ'Œ¬U
™ZsE~/‡ÃrtÄD~(©‰r‰ƒ ³¿uwsQxzy{}|J~(›
±
2.9
ÏFaltan unidades en eje Y
2.8
log P
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.9
Å
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æz#1CD=F+,'?Ð@ Æz#1CD=F+,!#&-/.HG3+<+<').H7<!*BG3+$-FG#&-/.02&=(#1+‹2&!36$=(-/#&%(!3%F')6%F')2B'˜8'Œ¬U
2.86
Divisiones de la escala Y inapropiadas
log ( P / mmHg )
2.73
2.60
2.47
2.34
2.8
2.9
3.0
Å
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æw#&CD=F+<'eÑE Æz#1CD=F+\!P#&-(.HG3+,+<').H7<!P*BG3+=F7<#&2&#1O)!L+[%(#1TS#&6<#1GD-F')6%(')2"'˜8'5¬Ò#]-(!L*(+<G3*/#]!3%(!360W(%(#&6<7<#&-‰7<!36[%F'?ÓSU WÓSUÔ°EW
ÓSUÔ°3±^_ÓSUÔ±LÓSU
log ( P / mmHg )
™ZsE~/‡ÃrtÄD~(©‰r‰ƒ ³¿uwsQxzy{}|J~(›
2.90
2.88
2.86
2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.74
2.72
2.70
2.68
2.66
2.64
2.62
2.60
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.30
2.8
Í
Divisiones del eje Y excesivas
2.9
3.0
Å
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
T¯¹ / 10¯³ K¯¹
Æz#1CD=F+<'5ÕE Æz#1CD=(+,!#&-(.HG3+<+,').H7<!*BG3+;=F7<#&2&#&O)!L+‹=/-N-(I= :'0+<G'HRF.H')6<#1T3GZ%F'K%(#1TS#&6<#&GD-F')69%(')2'˜‘'¬U