Perfect Tenses Pattern: Perfect tenses are used to
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Perfect Tenses Pattern: Perfect tenses are used to express actions that express completed action. Perfect tenses make use of two verbs: the verb haber, and the past participle of the verb expressing completed action. The Perfect Tenses There are four perfect tenses in Spanish. They all use the same past participle form. The difference between them is the conjugation of the verb haber. Haber is an auxiliary (helping) verb that means “to have” in English, as in “to have done something.” It does not have the same meaning as the verb tener. Forming the Past Participle In English, the past participle is the verb form that usually ends in “-en” or “-ed.” To form the past participle in Spanish, add the ending -ado to AR verb stems and -ido to ER and IR verb stems, like this: Infinitive Verb hablar comer vivir Gerund hablado comido vivido English spoken eaten lived Note: the following verbs have an irregular past participle and must be memorized: Infinitive Verb Past Participle English abrir abierto opened cubrir cubierto closed decir dicho said, told escribir escrito written freír frito fried hacer hecho done, made morir muerto died poner puesto put, placed resolver resuelto resolved romper roto broken ver visto seen volver vuelto returned Present Perfect To form the present perfect tense, use the present tense form of the verb haber together with the past participle like this: Yo he estudiado español. Ellos han dormido hoy. Tú has comido pan. I have studied Spanish. They have slept today. You have eaten bread. Past Perfect The past perfect is sometimes called the pluperfect. In Spanish it is known as the pluscuamperfecto. To form the past perfect tense, use the imperfect tense form of the verb haber together with the past participle like this: Yo había estudiado español. Ellos habían dormido ayer. Tú habías comido pan. I had studied Spanish. They had slept yesterday. You had eaten bread. Future Perfect To form the future perfect tense, use the future tense form of the verb haber together with the past participle like this: Yo habré estudiado español. Ellos habrán dormido manaña. Tú habrás comido pan. I will have studied Spanish. They will have slept tomorrow. You will have eaten bread. Conditional Perfect To form the conditional perfect tense, use the conditional tense form of the verb haber together with the past participle like this: Yo habría estudiado español. Ellos habrían dormido hoy. Tú habrías comido pan. I would have studied Spanish. They would have slept today. You would have eaten bread.
