cuadro tenses_ 2º eso - Gobierno de Canarias

PRESENT SIMPLE
USOS:
- Acciones cotidianas o habituales, tradiciones, costumbres o rutinas. = I always eat fruit = Yo siempre como fruta.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- Adverbios de frecuencia: always, never, sometimes, rarely, seldom, often, generally, usually… (remember: GUSANO)
- Expresiones de frecuencia:
once a week, twice a month, three times a year, every day, every month, on Mondays…
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
REMEMBER:
Subject + Don’t / Doesn’t
Do / Does + Subject +
* Los verbos terminados
I live = Yo vivo
+ Infinitive
Infinitive…?
en –sh, -ch, -ss, -sh, -x, I don’t live = Yo no vivo
o = 3ª persona del
You live = Tú vives
You don’t live = Tú no
singular = -es.
Do I live…? = ¿Vivo…?
He/she/it lives = Él vive…
vives
Ejemplos:
Do you live…? = ¿Vives…?
He/she/it doesn’t live = Él
He washes, she watches,
We live = Nosotros vivimos
no vive...
he kisses, he does…
Does he live…? = ¿Vive él…?
you live = vosotros vivís
We don’t live = Nosotros
Does she live? = ¿Vive ella…?
* Verbos terminados en –y:
no vivimos
they live = ellos viven
play = 3ª persona =
you don’t live = Vosotros
Does it live…? = ¿Vive (eso)?
OJO: SÓLO CAMBIA LA 3ª
plays (antes de la –y hay
no vivís
Do we live…? = ¿Vivimos…?
una vocal)
they don’t live = Ellos no
PERSONA DEL
study
= 3º persona =
viven
Do you live…? = ¿Vivís…?
SINGULAR. LAS DEMÁS
studies (antes de la –y
OJO: No hace falta ponerle
Do they live…? = ¿Viven…?
la –s a live aquí porque la
hay una consonante)
PERSONAS SON TODAS
IGUALES!!
marca de 3ª persona está en
el doesn’t!!
Respuesta corta:
Yes, I do / No, I don’t / Yes, she
does / No, she doesn’t…
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
USOS:
- Acciones que están pasando en el momento el que hablamos. = I am doing my homework now. = Yo estoy haciendo mis
deberes ahora.
- Planes cercanos próximos que voy a hacer seguro + expresión muy concreta de tiempo. (Present Continuous with Future
Meaning) = We are playing basketball tomorrow at 5 o’clock. = Vamos a jugar al baloncesto mañana a las 5.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- now, right now, today, at this moment…
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
REMEMBER:
Subject + Am / Is / Are +
Subject + Am / Is / Are +
* LOS DOS ZAPATOS:
-ING
Not + - ING
Am / Is / Are + Subject + -ING?
I am working
I am not working
Am I working?
(Yo estoy trabajando)
(Yo no estoy trabajando)
(¿Estoy trabajando?)
You are working
You are not working
Are you working?
(Tú estás trabajando)
(Tú no estás trabajando)
(¿Estás trabajando…?)
He is working
He is not working
Is he working?
She is working
She is not working
Is she working?
It is working
It is not working
Is it working?
We are working
We are not working
Are we working?
You are working
You are not working
Are you working?
They are working
They are not working
Are they working?
DON’T FORGET:
Las Formas contraídas
son:
Las formas contraídas
serían: I’m, you’re, he’s,
she’s, it’s, we’re, you’re,
they’re I’m not / You’re not = You
aren`t / He’s not = He isn’t /
She’s not = She isn’t / It’s not
= It isn’t / We’re not = We
aren’t / You’re not = You
aren’t / They’re not = They
aren’t
Respuesta corta:
Yes, I am / No, I am not
Yes, you are / No, you aren’t
Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
…
Am / Is / Are + Verbo en ING
(No saldrías a la calle sin
uno de tus zapatos,
¿verdad?)
* Cuando añadimos el
sufijo –ing a verbos
terminados en –y, nunca
quitamos la –y.
Ejemplos:
Playing y Studying (pero
nunca plaing o studing)
* La consonante final del
verbo se dobla cuando:
a) El verbo sólo tiene una
sílaba
b) Si las tres últimas
letras del verbo siguen el
esquema: consonante +
vocal + consonante
Ejemplos:
Swim = 1 sílaba + CVC =
swimming
Shop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
Shopping
PAST SIMPLE
USOS:
- Acciones pasadas finalizadas (cerradas): I finished my homework / We went to the cinema yesterday. = Yo terminé mis
deberes / Nosotros fuimos al cine ayer.
- Acción pasada corta que interrumpió una acción pasada larga. It was raining when we arrived. = Estaba lloviendo cuando
llegamos.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- yesterday, … ago (two days ago, three years ago), last… (last Monday, last Christmas…), when…
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
REMEMBER:
* Verbos terminados en –y:
Subject + Didn’t + Infinitive
Did + Subject + Infinitive?
play = played (antes de
I worked / I drank
la –y hay una vocal)
I
didn’t
work
/
didn’t
drink
Did
I
work?
/
Did
I
drink?
(Yo trabajé / Yo bebí)
study
= studied (antes de
(Yo no trabajé / Yo no bebí)
(¿Trabajé…? / ¿Bebí…?)
You worked / you drank
la
–y hay una
You didn’t work / didn’t drink
Did you work? / Did you drink?
(Tú trabajaste / Tú
consonante)
(Tú no trabajaste / Tú no bebiste)
(¿Trabajaste…) / ¿Bebiste…?)
bebiste)
* Verbos terminados en –e
He
didn’t
work
/
didn’t
drink
Did he work? / Did he drink?
He worked / He drank
sólo añaden una –d.
She
didn’t
work
/
didn’t
drink
Did
she
work?
/
Did
she
drink?
Ejemplos:
She worked / She drank
decide
=
decided; use =
It didn’t work / didn’t drink
Did it work? / Did it drink?
It worked / It drank
used;
prepare
= prepared
We didn’t work / didn’t drink
Did we work? / Did we drink?
We worked / we drank
* La consonante final del
Did you work? / Did you drink?
You worked / you drank You didn’t work / didn’t drink
verbo se dobla cuando:
They didn’t work / didn’t
a) El verbo sólo tiene una
Did they work? / Did they drink?
They worked / they
sílaba
drink
Respuesta corta:
drank
OJO:
- Todas las personas se
conjugan igual.
- Para conjugar verbos
regulares añadimos –ed o
–d al verbo regular.
- Para conjugar los verbos
irregulares tenemos que
sabernos la segunda
columna de la lista.
OJO: No hace falta poner la -ed
a work ni tampoco poner la
segunda columna de drink (o
sea, drank) porque la marca de
pasado ya está en el didn’t!!
Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
Yes, he did / No, he didn’t…
OJO: No hace falta poner la -ed a
work ni tampoco poner la segunda
columna de drink (o sea, drank)
porque la marca de pasado ya está
en el Did.
b) Si las tres últimas
letras del verbo siguen el
esquema: consonante +
vocal + consonante
Ejemplos:
Stop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
Stopped
Shop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
Shopped
PAST CONTINUOUS
USOS:
- Acciones pasadas que tuvieron una larga duración: I was studying for 4 hours. = Yo estuve estudiando durante 4 horas.
- Acción pasada larga que es interrumpida por una acción corta: My mother phoned while we were watching TV. = Mi
madre llamó mientras estábamos viendo la televisión.
- Dos acciones pasadas que estaban ocurriendo al mismo tiempo, a la vez, simultáneamente: We were reading while my
parents were cooking. = Nosotros estábamos leyendo mientras mis padres estaban cocinando.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
while…, at that moment…, at 5 o’clock… (con horas concretas)
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
REMEMBER:
Subject + Was / Were +
-ING
I was working
(Yo estaba trabajando)
You were working
(Tú estabas trabajando)
He was working
She was working
It was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
Subject + Was / were +
-ING
I was not working
(Yo no estaba trabajando)
You were not working
(Tú no estabas trabajando)
He was not working
She was not working
It was not working
We were not working
You were not working
They were not working
REMEMBER:
was not = wasn’t
were not = weren’t
Was / Were+ Subject + -ING?
Was I working?
(¿Estaba yo trabajando?)
Were you working?
(¿Estabas tú trabajando…?)
Was he working?
Was she working?
Was it working?
Were we working?
Were you working?
Were they working?
Respuesta corta:
Yes, I was / No, I was not
Yes, you were / No, you were not
* LOS DOS ZAPATOS:
Was / Were + Verbo en ING
* Cuando añadimos el
sufijo –ing a verbos
terminados en –y, nunca
quitamos la –y.
Ejemplos:
Playing y Studying (pero
nunca plaing o studing)
* La consonante final del
verbo se dobla cuando:
a) El verbo sólo tiene una
sílaba
b) Si las tres últimas
letras del verbo siguen el
esquema: consonante +
vocal + consonante
Swim = 1 sílaba + CVC =
swimming
WILL + INFINITIVO (FUTURO SIMPLE)
USOS:
- Predicciones sin evidencia y/o deseos sobre el futuro: I will be rich in the future (Yo seré rico en el futuro) / We will
travel to Miami one day. (Nosotros viajaremos a Miami algún día) = Se traduce por Futuro Simple (comeré, viviré,
compraré…)
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- soon, tomorrow, next month, in a year, I think, I don’t think, maybe, perhaps…
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
REMEMBER:
Subject + Will not or
Will + Subject + Infinitive…?
* Todas las personas se
I will buy
Won’t + Infinitive
conjugan igual.
* Recuerda que son
Will
I
buy…?
=
¿Compraré…?
(Yo compraré)
I will not buy
predicciones sin
Will you buy…?= ¿Comprarás…?
You will buy
evidencia,
sin prueba. Es
(Yo no compraré)
decir,
son
cosas que
Will
he
buy…?=
¿Comprará
él…?
You will not buy
(Tú comprarás)
decimos sin ningún tipo
(Tú no comprarás)
Will she buy?=¿Comprará ella…?
He/she/it will buy
de base o prueba.
He/she/it will not buy
He
thinks he will win
Will
it
buy…?
We will buy
We will not buy
the race
Will we buy…?
You will not buy
You will buy
= Él cree que ganará la
carrera
Will you buy…?
They will not buy
They will buy
(Lo dice porque es lo
Will they buy…?
OJO: ¡TODAS LAS
que desea, es su opinión,
OJO:
Respuesta corta:
WILL NOT = WON’T
pero no es una
PERSONAS SE
Yes, I will / No, I will not / Yes, she
I will not go = Yo no iré
predicción basada en
CONJUGAN IGUAL!
will / No, she will not…
I won’t go = Yo no iré
evidencias)
BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO
USOS:
- Planes de futuro no del todo cerrados o intenciones. I am going to buy a new car = Me voy a comprar un coche nuevo /
Tengo la intención de comprarme un coche nuevo. // She is going to do her homework = Va a hacer sus deberes…
- Predicciones con evidencia que hacemos sobre lo que podemos ver en el momento, es decir, me baso en lo que veo para
hacer la predicción = The sky is dark. It is going to rain! = El cielo está oscuro. ¡Va a llover! // That woman is pregnant.
She is going to have a baby = Esa mujer está embarazada. Va a tener un bebé.
PALABRAS CLAVE:
- soon, tomorrow, next week, in a month…
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
REMEMBER:
* Se suele traducir como
“Ir a…” o “Tener la
Subject + Am / Is / Are +
Subject + Am / Is / Are +
Am / Is / Are + Subject + Going
intención
de…” o “Tener
Going To + Infinitive
Not + Going to + Infinitive
to + Infinitive?
planeado…”
I am going to travel
I am not going to travel
Am I going to travel?
(Yo voy a viajar)
(Yo no voy a viajar)
(¿Voy a viajar…?)
You are going to travel
You are not going to travel
Are you going to travel?
(Tú vas a viajar)
(Tú no vas a viajar)
(¿Vas a viajar…?)
He is going to travel
He is not going to travel
Is he going to travel?
She is going to travel
She is not going to travel
Is she going to travel?
It is going to travel
It is not going to travel
Is it going to travel?
We are going to travel
You are going to travel
They are going to travel
OJO!
No te olvides de conjugar el
verbo To Be e incluir en
infinitivo al final:
We are going to play.
We are not going to travel
You are not going to travel
They are not going to travel
Are we going to travel?
Are you going to travel?
Are they going to travel?
Respuesta corta:
Yes, I am / No, I am not
Yes, you are / No, you aren’t
Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
…
* Cuando añadimos el
sufijo –ing a verbos
terminados en –y, nunca
quitamos la –y.
Ejemplos:
Playing y Studying (pero
nunca plaing o studing)
* La consonante final del
verbo se dobla cuando:
a) El verbo sólo tiene una
sílaba
b) Si las tres últimas
letras del verbo siguen el
esquema: consonante +
vocal + consonante
Ejemplos:
Swim = 1 sílaba + CVC =
swimming
Shop = 1 sílaba + CVC =
Shopping