A1 Level 3 I have traveled a lot! Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. Start - Up Greetings, dear apprentices! My name is Debbie and I am your guide for this learning material. In this occasion, we are going to identify, talk and make presentations about travel experiences taking into account time, place and specific personal perceptions. Start - Up We are going to cover the following topics: • The present perfect • The present perfect continuous • Adjective endings: ed and ing • The /l/ sound Let’s go ahead with enthusiasm! Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 2 /13 Warm Up Warm Up John: Good job, guys! Finally, we can relax a little bit. Debbie: It’s been a hard day, but now we can talk about another great travel experience. Debbie: Which places in that map have you been to? I mean, have you been to Japan, for example? John: Yes, I have. I went there once on vacation. John: And what about Australia? Who has been there? Mark: I have been there a couple of times. I went there last year for work. Thomas: I have been thinking on going to Singapore for holidays. My sister went there a couple of months ago and she says it’s beautiful. Thomas: Debbie, I know you have been to China… Which places in China have you been to? Debbie: I’ve been to Beijing, Shanghai, Xian and of course to Lhasa Tibet. Mark: I’ve been invited to England to be part of the Great Britain Film Academy Conference this year. Thomas: John, have you been to Italy? Have you visited the Coliseum? John: I have been to Italy. But, I have never visited the Coliseum. I hope I can visit it next time. Mark: What about Brazil? Who has been there? Debbie: I have. I have been working in some small projects with the Amazing Natural Channel. John: Ok, guys. It’s been a long day… Let’s go to the hotel to rest! Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 3 /13 Let’s analyze Let’s analyze Greetings, dear apprentices! In this section, we are going to analyze the following grammatical topics. - The present perfect. -The present perfect continuous - Adjective endings: ed and ing Present perfect 1. It is used to describe an experience. Example: they have played the violin in different countries. 2. With the words “yet” or “already” to describe completed or uncompleted actions we expected to happen before now. Example: Uncompleted: my taxi hasn’t arrived yet. Completed: my taxi has arrived already. 3. To express a change that has happened over the time. Example: your son has grown a lot. He is an adult now. 4. To talk about achievements. Example: Brazil has won the soccer world cup 5 times. 5. To talk about actions that happened at different moments in the past. Example: so far, I have been to Paris twice this year. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 4 /13 Let’s analyze - To make affirmative statements with the present perfect, use auxiliary verb have and has. Take into account the following structure: Affirmative form Subject Auxiliary verb: have - has Main verb in past participle form Complement I have worked very hard this week. You have been in Italy twice. He (Mark) has lived in Colombia for 10 years. She (Debbie) has become a great journalist. They have gone to Cartagena twice. We have booked our plane tickets already. - Remember that in everyday life, it is common to use contractions. Take into account the following examples. Subject + have or has I + have I’ve I’ve been to Cartagena twice. You + have You’ve I’m sorry. You’ve lost the subject. He + has He’s He’s worked in three different countries. She + has She’s She’s studied French and English. It + has It’s It’s been a great day! We + have We’ve We’ve bought a new car. They + have They’ve They’ve studied hard for the exam. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 5 /13 Let’s analyze - To make negative statements with the present perfect, add “not” to auxiliary verbs have and has. Use contracted forms (haven’t and hasn’t) and take into account the following structure. Negative form Subject Auxiliary verb: have - has Main verb in past participle form Complement I haven’t worked very hard this week. You haven’t been in Italy twice. He (Mark) hasn’t lived in Colombia for 10 years. She (Debbie) hasn’t become a great journalist. They haven’t gone to Cartagena twice. We haven’t booked our plane tickets yet. - How to ask Yes/No questions with the present perfect. Auxiliary verb: have - has Subject Main verb in past participle form Complement + ? Have you worked very hard this week? Yes, I have. No, I haven´t. Possible answers: Has she Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. been Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. Possible answers: Have they Possible answers: in Italy? gone to Cartagena twice? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 6 /13 Let’s analyze - How to ask Wh questions with the present perfect. Wh word Auxiliary verb: have - has Subject Main verb in past participle form Complement + ? Where have you been these days? Possible answers: What has I have been to Italy for business. Debbie Possible answers: How long have Possible answers: done in Italy? She has worked for a technology company. they lived in Cartagena? They have lived in Cartagena for 10 years. Now, let’s learn how to use the present perfect continuous. Present perfect continuous - We used it to talk about an action that started in the past and is still occurring in the present. Example: 1. They haven’t been talking to each other because they are not friends anymore. 2. They have been practicing violin during the last six months. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 7 /13 Let’s analyze - To use the present perfect continuous in the affirmative form, use auxiliary verbs have and has, the verb to be in the past participle form (been) and the ing ending with the main verb. Take into account the following structure. Affirmative form Subject Auxiliary verb: have - has Verb to be in past participle form Main verb + ing Complement I have been working very hard this week. You have been traveling fot tow months. He (Mark) has been living in Colombia for 10 years. She (Debbie) has been studying for the exam. They have been watching TV all the afternoon. We have been looking for a new house. - To make negative statements with the present perfect continuous, add “not” to auxiliary verbs have and has. Use contracted forms (haven’t and hasn’t) and take into account the following structure. Negative form Subject Auxiliary verb: have - has Verb to be in past participle form Main verb + ing Complement I haven’t been working very hard this week. You haven’t been traveling for two months. He (Mark) hasn’t been living in Colombia for 10 years. She (Debbie) hasn’t been studying for the exam. They haven’t been watching TV all the afternoon. We haven’t been looking for a new house. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 8 /13 Let’s analyze - How to ask Yes/No questions with the present perfect. Auxiliary verb: have - has Subject Verb to be in past participle form Main verb + ing Complement + ? Have you been working very hard this week? Yes, I have. No, I haven´t. Possible answers: Has Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. she been Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. Possible answers: Have in Italy? living they been cards all the afternoon? playing Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Possible answers: - How to ask Wh questions with the present perfect. Wh word Auxiliary verb: have - has Subject Verb to be in past participle form Main verb + ing Complement + ? Where have you been staying these days? Possible answers: has What I have been staying at my mother’s house. Debbie Possible answers: How long have Possible answers: been in Italy? doing She has been working for a technology company. they been living in Cartagena? They have been living in Cartagena for 10 years. Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 9 /13 Let’s get inside Adjective endings: ed and ing - Remember that the – ed and – ing endings are not only used for the past and continuous tenses. Also, they are used together with verbs to form adjectives. Pay attention to the following explanation. -ed adjectives > Describe emotions. They are often preceded by the verb to be. Example: • Debbie is interested in going to China. • Mark is bored in the class. • I am excited about the trip. -ing adjectives > Describe people, things or situations. They are often preceded by the verb to be. Example: • China is an interesting country. • The class is boring. • The trip is going to be exciting. Let’s get inside Welcome, apprentices! In this section, you are going to listen to Debbie and John having a conversation about the different countries and places they have been to. Let’s go ahead! Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 10 /13 Let’s get inside On the flight back home… Debbie: So, John, how many countries around the world have you been to? John: Well, Debbie, not so many. I’ve only been to 5 countries so far, but I’m looking forward to visit two more this year, excluding Guatemala of course. Debbie: Have you been to Japan? John: Yes, I have. My honeymoon was there. I liked the people, the culture and the Sushi. Debbie: And what about Australia? Have you ever been there? I have heard that it rarely rains there. John: Well, I think you are right. I have been there several times and I have never experienced anything like that. Debbie: Have you ever been to a wildlife tour in Australia? John: Yes, actually, I have been working on an article called “Wildlife in Australia”. It has been a memorable experience! I like it so much that I have bought me and my family some tickets to Australia for our holiday at the end of this year. Debbie: I have been thinking on going to Singapore this year with my husband for our 10th anniversary. I’ve been there a couple of times. I love the culture and the beautiful and modern buildings. John: Yes, it is an awesome place! You shouldn’t think it twice; I went there for holiday last year and it was fun. This place combines modern buildings with a mixture of Chinese, Malay and Indian influences; good shopping and an exciting night life. Hey, Debbie! I know you have been to China… Which places in China have you been to? Debbie: I’ve been to Beijing, Shangai, Xian and of course to Lhasa Tibet. Last year, I got an awesome opportunity to work in a project about the Himalayas. And where are you going in your next trip? John: I’m meeting Thomas in Brazil to be part of a documentary about the Amazon. I’m so excited about this trip! Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 11 /13 References and Credits References 1. Grammar Topics. (S. F). Fun English Games. Retrieved on June 24, 2013 from http://www.funenglishgames.com 2. Richards, J. (2005). Interchange Intro. Third Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press. 3. Wellman, G. (2000). Grammar and Vocabulary. England: Pearson. 4. Naylor, H. (2001). Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises. New York: Cambridge University Press. Credits Pedagogical Direction Paul Cifuentes Carlos Amaya Direction of Art Cesar Páez Direction of Technology Yeison Ospina Quality management Juan Carlos Rojas Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 12 /13 Credits Script composition Giovanni Martin Content support Robert Livingston Karen Manuel Dinah Pinzón Mitchell Ernesto Wright Giovanni Martin Multimedia development Daniela Vives Designer Wilmer Molina Designer Felipe Becerra Programming engineer Producción de audios David Molina Wes Manuel Character Voice Mark Jeffrey Christopher Character John Robinson Voice David Molina Character Thomas Voice David Molina Character Debbie Voice Synshi Pulgar Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA. Reservados todos los derechos 2013. 13 /13