MUSICOLOGÍA [email protected] Sistemas de notación musical alternativos (II) Una aproximación a la grafía del ritmo duracional | Alternative systems of musical notation (II): An approach to the spelling of rhythm durational Resumen VLFD LPSOLFD XQ JUDGR GH GLÀFXOWDG FRQVL PXVLFDORFFLGHQWDO6XÀQDOLGDGHVTXHHO HÀFD]XQVLVWHPDHVSHFtÀFR\H[WHQGLGR núm. 3 | 2012 L < 48 MUSICOLOGÍA Palabras clave Abstract GLIÀFXOW\ 7UDGLWLRQDO DSSURDFKHV WR PXVLF DQGHIIHFWLYHDV\VWHPVSHFLÀFDQGH[WHQ Keywords Introducción (QWHQGHPRVSRUQRWDFLyQPXVLFDOHOFRQ MXQWR GH VLJQRV TXH WLHQHQ SRU REMHWR UH SUHVHQWDUJUiÀFDPHQWHXQDUHDOLGDGVRQRUD TXH PiV WDUGH HV VXVFHSWLEOH GH SRGHUVH HMHFXWDUUHSURGXFLURLQWHUSUHWDU/DQRWD FLyQ KD SHUPLWLGR SHUSHWXDU OD P~VLFD VLQ HPEDUJR KD H[SHULPHQWDGR PXOWLWXG GH PRGLÀFDFLRQHVDORODUJRGHOWLHPSRGHVGH ODQRWDFLyQEDELOyQLFDSDUDHOLQVWUXPHQWLVWD GHOLUDODQRWDFLyQDOIDEpWLFDJULHJDSDUDHO HMHFXWDQWHGHDXORVODHVFULWXUDQHXPiWLFD HQHOUHSHUWRULRJUHJRULDQRODQRWDFLyQFXD GUDGD OD QRWDFLyQ JXLGRQLDQD OD QRWDFLyQ GLDVWHPiWLFDDTXLWDQDODQRWDFLyQPHQVXUDO TXHVXSXVRXQDYDQFHHQWRUQRDOULWPR\OD GXUDFLyQ GHO VRQLGR HO VLVWHPD GH FRPSD VHV\ODHYROXFLyQGHODSDXWDPXVLFDOKDVWD DOFDQ]DU HO SHQWDJUDPD \ HO DFWXDO FyGLJR XQLYHUVDO$Vt SXHV KR\ SRU KR\ XQD SLH]D PXVLFDOSXHGHVHUOHtGDLQWHUSUHWDGD\GL IXQGLGDSRUWRGRHOPXQGRVLHPSUH\FXDQGR VHFLxDDOVLVWHPDGHHVFULWXUDEDVDGRHQHO FDOHVUHTXLVLWRSDUDXQDSUHQGL]DMHPXVLFDO VHULR \ RUWRGR[R HQ XQD HQVHxDQ]D IRUPDO VRQSRFDVODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHQHOPXQGRTXH HQVHxDQ P~VLFD H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH RtGR 'HVGHHOSULPHUDxRGHHQWUHQDPLHQWREi VLFDPHQWH OR SULPHUR TXH VH HQVHxD \ VH LQFXOFD HV OD OHFWXUD \ HVFULWXUD PXVLFDO 3RU DQDORJtD FRQ OD HGXFDFLyQ KXPDQtVWLFD ORSULPHURTXHVHQRVHQVHxDHQODHVFXHOD HVDOHHU\HVFULELUHQQXHVWURSURSLRLGLRPD SXHVGHRWURPRGRVHUtDLPSRVLEOHDYDQ]DU HQ HO UHVWR GH ODV iUHDV GH QXHVWUD HGXFD FLyQ&RQFUHWDPHQWHHQFXDQWRDODOHFWR HVFULWXUD HO REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO GHO SURFHVR GHDOIDEHWL]DFLyQPXVLFDOHVHVWDEOHFHUXQD DVRFLDFLyQHQWUHODSHUFHSFLyQDXGLWLYD\VX UHSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiÀFDRYLVXDOTXHSHUPLWL UiPiVDGHODQWHFRPSUHQGHU\GRPLQDUXQ FyGLJRHVSHFtÀFRGHQRWDFLyQPXVLFDO 1R REVWDQWH VH SODQWHDQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV FXHVWLRQHV¢(VDSURSLDGRHPSOHDUHOVLVWH PDGHQRWDFLyQFRQYHQFLRQDOGHVGHHOSULQ FLSLRHVGHFLUGHVGHODHWDSDGHLQLFLDFLyQ" ¢,QWHUHVDQ RWURV PHGLRV GH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ JUiÀFD"¢6HSXHGHQSUDFWLFDURWURVVLVWHPDV TXH UHHPSODFHQ \ UHQXHYHQ HQ SDUWH DO JXQRV DVSHFWRV GH OD HVFULWXUD WUDGLFLRQDO HO FyGLJR PXVLFDO PiV H[WHQGLGR HQ 2FFL GHQWH" 0L FXULRVLGDG \ HO LQWHUpV HQ RIUH FHUQXHYDVSURSXHVWDVGLGiFWLFDVPHOOHYy DGLVHxDURSUHVHQWDUFRQXQQXHYRHQIRTXH UHFXUVRVDOWHUQDWLYRVSDUDODQRWDFLyQUtWPL FDTXHSHUPLWtDQIDFLOLWDUODOHFWRHVFULWXUD IDYRUHFtDQODDVRFLDFLyQHQWUHHOVRQLGR\VX UHSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiÀFD\ODFRPSUHQVLyQGHO OHQJXDMHPXVLFDO sumario núm. 3 | 2012 Dr. José María Peñalver Vilar 49 > Notación alternativa del ritmo musical E6XPDGHSXOVDFLRQHVWHUQDULD JUXSRVGH Ritmo duracional o cuantitativo. Aproximación a las figuras de nota D RUGHQ GH VXEGLYLVLyQ GH OD SXOVD FLyQ $O LJXDO TXH HQ HO HMHPSOR DQWHULRU HO GHHMHFXFLyQ\ORPHGLPRVHQSXOVDFLRQHV 3DUWLPRVGHODQHJUDFRPRUHIHUHQFLDSDUD LQLFLDU D OD PpWULFD 'H HVWH PRGR HO VLV WHPD DOWHUQDWLYR DQWHULRU YD DVRFLiQGRVH SURJUHVLYDPHQWH D ORV VLJQRV JUiÀFRV FRQ /DSXOVDFLyQSXHGHUHSUHVHQWDUVHHQSUL PHUOXJDUSRUODQHJUD EHURUGHQGHVXEGLYLVLyQGHODSXOVD FLyQ 3XOVDFLyQRUGHQGHVXEGLYLVLyQGHO RUGHQGHVXEGLYLVLyQ núm. 3 | 2012 RUGHQGHVXEGLYLVyQ < 50 MUSICOLOGÍA D6XPDGHSXOVDFLRQHVELQDULD JUXSRVGH 2EWHQHPRV HO UHVWR GH ÀJXUDV GH QRWD SRUODVXEGLYLVLyQRODVXPDGHSXOVDFLRQHV sumario núm. 3 | 2012 WDQWH\UHJXODUFX\DFDUDFWHUtVWLFDHVODFRP ELQDFLyQ\GLIHUHQFLDFLyQGHVRQLGRVGHGLV WLQWDGXUDFLyQ(VFLHUWRTXHHQODLQLFLDFLyQ PXVLFDO VH SUDFWLFD OD VHQVLELOL]DFLyQ UtWPL FD D WUDYpV GH OD GLVFULPLQDFLyQ DXGLWLYD \ ODSUiFWLFDGHGLYHUVDVDFHQWXDFLRQHV(QOD HVFULWXUD FRQYHQFLRQDO OD PpWULFD KDFH XVR GHODVÀJXUDVGHQRWD\VLOHQFLRSDUDUHSUH QHVGHOVRQLGR3DUDVXSHUDUODVGLÀFXOWDGHV GH HVFULWXUD TXH SUHVHQWDQ GLFKRV PRGHORV VHSODQWHDODVLJXLHQWHQRWDFLyQDOWHUQDWLYD TXHSRUVXVHQFLOOH]\FODULGDGSHUPLWHWUD EDMDUGHPRGRH[FOXVLYRORVDVSHFWRVUtWPL FRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODGXUDFLyQ 51 > R RUGHQ GH VXEGLYLVLyQ GHODSXOVDFLyQ F2EWHQHPRVODEODQFDFRPRVXPDGH SXOVDFLRQHV H 3UHVHQWDPRV ODV HTXLYDOHQFLDV HQWUH QRPEUHGHODVÀJXUDVGHQRWD E/DVHPLFRUFKHDRHURUGHQGHVXEGL YLVLyQGHODSXOVDFLyQ G2EWHQHPRVODUHGRQGDFRPRVXPDGH SXOVDFLRQHV < 52 núm. 3 | 2012 núm. 3 | 2012 MUSICOLOGÍA sumario 53 > &RPRKHPRVSRGLGRFRPSUREDUODGXUD FLyQGHOVRQLGR\GHOVLOHQFLRVRQSDUiPHWURV TXH SXHGHQ UHSUHVHQWDUVH JUiÀFDPHQWH /DV ÀJXUDV GH QRWD \ VLOHQFLR VRQ VtPERORV JUiÀFRV TXH UHSUHVHQWDQ WDQWR OD GXUDFLyQ GXUDFLRQHV HPSOHDGDV HQ QXHVWUD QRWDFLyQ PXVLFDO VRQ UHODWLYDV \ SURSRUFLRQDOHV HV GHFLUVXYDORUGHSHQGHGHODYHORFLGDGGH HMHFXFLyQ \ SXHGHQ SUHVHQWDUVH FRPR XQD SDUWHGHODUHGRQGDTXHHVODÀJXUDPD\RU TXHVHHPSOHDHQODDFWXDOLGDG\TXHGXUD WLHPSRVRSXOVRVSDUDHVWDEOHFHUODUHOD FLyQ\ODVHTXLYDOHQFLDVHQWUHHOUHVWRGHÀ JXUDV\HOQ~PHURGHHOODVTXHFRPSOHWDQVX YDORU(OPRGRGHUHSUHVHQWDUODVUHODFLRQHV HQWUHODVGLVWLQWDVÀJXUDVHVHOVLJXLHQWH 2EVHUYDPRV TXH WRGDV ODV ÀJXUDV HVWiQ HQSURSRUFLyQRVXEGLYLVLyQELQDULDUHVSHFWR DODUHGRQGDFRQORFXDOHVWDÀJXUDUHSUH VHQWDUtD OD XQLGDG GH WLHPSR SULQFLSDO VR EUHODTXHVHGHGXFLUtDQHOUHVWRGHÀJXUDV &RPSOHWDPRVHOVLVWHPDDxDGLHQGRODVGRV ~OWLPDVÀJXUDVGHQRWDODIXVD\ODVHPLIX VDHOVLVWHPDFRPSOHWRSRGUtDUHSUHVHQWDU VHGHOVLJXLHQWHPRGR núm. 3 | 2012 < 54 MUSICOLOGÍA /DUHGRQGDRUHSUH VHQWD OD ÀJXUD SULQFL /DEODQFDRGHUH GRQGDUHSUHVHQWDGRV XQLGDGHVTXHFRPSOH GRQGD UHSUHVHQWD XQLGDGHVTXHFRPSOH /D FRUFKHD R GH UHGRQGDUHSUHVHQWD XQLGDGHVTXHFRPSOH /D VHPLFRUFKHD R GH UHGRQGD UH TXH FRPSOHWDQ XQD /DIXVDR /DVHPLIXVD núm. 3 | 2012 Las figuras de nota y silencio sumario 55 > Actividades (VSRQGHR Conclusiones 2EVHUYDPRVFyPRHQHVWHWLSRGHDFWLYLGD GHVHODOXPQRHQSHUtRGRVGHLQLFLDFLyQ\VLQ QRFLRQHVGHPpWULFDSXHGHLPSURYLVDUULWPRV GXUDFLRQDOHVWHUQDULRV\ELQDULRVPHGLDQWHHO HPSOHRGHVLJQRVJUiÀFRV6RPRVFRQVFLHQWHV GHTXHODLPLWDFLyQHLPSURYLVDFLyQGHULWPRV GXUDFLRQDOHVSRGUtDWUDEDMDUVHGLUHFWDPHQWH GHVGHODREVHUYDFLyQHLPLWDFLyQVLQODQHFH VLGDGGHHPSOHDUHVWHVLVWHPDGHVLJQRVVLQ HPEDUJR HVWD QRWDFLyQ DOWHUQDWLYD SHUPLWH GHVDUUROODUHQHODOXPQRXQJUDGRPiVGHFRQ FLHQFLDFLyQTXHODVLPSOHLPLWDFLyQRUHSUR GXFFLyQGHOPRGHORSURSXHVWRSRUHOPDHVWUR PpWULFRVGHODSURVRGLDJULHJDSDUDUHDOL ]DU HMHUFLFLRV GH LPLWDFLyQ \ VHQVLELOL]DU DO DOXPQR VREUH SDWURQHV UtWPLFRV GXUD FLRQDOHV 7URTXHR<DPER $QDSHVWR (VWDEOHFHPRV XQ SDWUyQ UtWPLFR FRQ XQ Q~PHUR GH SXOVDFLRQHV GHWHUPLQDGR HO DOXPQRFRPELQDHQODLPSURYLVDFLyQORVULW PRV ELQDULRV \ WHUQDULRV 'LFKR SDWUyQ UtW PLFR FRQVWLWX\H HO OtPLWH GH DWDTXHV TXH VHSXHGHQSURGXFLUHQODLPSURYLVDFLyQLQGL YLGXDO\IDYRUHFHODFXDGUDWXUDHQODIRUPD Bibliografía 'H HVWH PRGR SRGHPRV LPSURYLVDU VR EUH XQ SDWUyQ UtWPLFR GH RFKR SXOVDFLRQHV UHSUHVHQWDGR JUiÀFDPHQWH GHO VLJXLHQWH PRGR\TXHVLUYHGHEDVHSDUDODLPSURYLVD FLyQGHYDORUHVGXUDFLRQDOHV /ySH] $ 0D GULG5HDO0XVLFDO 0HMtD3 0DGULG3HDUVRQ(GXFDFLyQ 3D\QWHU - 0DGULG$NDO 6DQX\ 0 \ *RQ]iOH] / 0DGULG 8QLyQ0XVLFDO(VSDxROD %XUURZV 7 %DUFHORQD3DUUDJyQ 6DQX\ 0 0DGULG 0RUDWD &KDSXLV- (Q0Ô6,&$< ('8&$&,Ð1Q 6FKDIHU50 %XHQRV$LUHV5LFRUGL 'H3HGUR' 0DGULG5HDO0XVLFDO 'iFWLOR )UHJD $/ %DUFHORQD*UDy -RIUp-%DU FHORQD5RELQERRN :LOOHPV( 6XL]D3UR0XVLFD :X\WDFN - 3DUtV DOXPQR < 56 núm. 3 | 2012 núm. 3 | 2012 7ULEUDTXLR MUSICOLOGÍA sumario 57 >