Repaso del capítulo

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Repaso del capítulo
USAR TÉRMINOS CLAVE
1. Escribe una sola oración con los siguientes términos: difusión y ósmosis.
2. Define los siguientes términos en tus propias palabras: exocitosis y endocitosis.
Escoge el término correcto del banco de palabras para completar las siguientes oraciones.
respiración celular
fotosíntesis
fermentación
3. Las plantas utilizan el/la
para formar glucosa.
4. Durante el/la
, se utiliza oxígeno para descomponer las
moléculas de alimento, y se liberan grandes cantidades de energía.
Explica la diferencia entre los siguientes pares de términos.
5. citocinesis y mitosis
6. transporte activo y transporte pasivo
7. respiración celular y fermentación
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La célula en acción
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COMPRENDER LAS IDEAS PRINCIPALES
Opción múltiple
______ 8. El proceso por el cual las partículas atraviesan una membrana desde una
región de baja concentración a una de alta concentración se denomina
a. difusión.
c. transporte activo.
b. transporte pasivo.
d. fermentación.
______ 9. ¿Qué resulta de la mitosis y la citocinesis?
a. dos células idénticas
c. cloroplastos
b. dos núcleos
d. dos células distintas
______ 10. Antes de que la energía contenida en el alimento pueda ser utilizada por una
célula, la energía debe transferirse primero a las moléculas de
a. proteínas.
c. ADN.
b. carbohidratos.
d. ATP.
______ 11. ¿Cuál de los siguientes tipos de células formaría una placa celular durante el
ciclo celular?
a. una célula humana
c. una célula vegetal
b. una célula procariótica
d. Todas las anteriores
Respuesta breve
12. ¿Son la exocitosis y la endocitosis ejemplos de transporte activo o pasivo? Explica
tu respuesta.
13. Menciona las estructuras celulares necesarias para la fotosíntesis y las necesarias
para la respiración celular.
14. Describe las tres etapas del ciclo celular de una célula eucariótica.
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RAZONAMIENTO CRÍTICO
15. Mapa de conceptos Haz un mapa de conceptos con los siguientes términos:
duplicación de cromosomas, citocinesis, procariote, mitosis, ciclo celular, fisión
binaria y eucariote.
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16. Inferir ¿A cuál de las plantas ilustradas a continuación se le dio agua mezclada con
sal, y a cuál se le dio agua pura? Explica cómo lo sabes, y asegúrate de usar la
palabra ósmosis en tu respuesta.
17. Identificar relaciones ¿Por qué necesitarían más alimento tus células musculares en
ausencia de oxígeno que en presencia de abundante oxígeno?
18. Aplicar conceptos Una célula madre posee 10 cromosomas.
a. ¿Experimentará la célula fisión binaria o mitosis y citocinesis para producir
nuevas células?
b. ¿Cuántos cromosomas tendrá cada célula nueva después de la división de la
célula madre?
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INTERPRETAR GRÁFICAS
La siguiente ilustración muestra una célula. Consúltala para contestar las siguientes
preguntas.
19. ¿Es la célula procariótica o eucariótica?
20. ¿En qué etapa del ciclo celular se encuentra esta célula?
21. ¿Cuántas cromátidas hay? ¿Cuántos pares de cromosomas homólogos hay?
22. ¿Cuántos cromosomas habrá en cada célula nueva después de la división celular?
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La célula en acción
ANSWER KEY
7. Sample answer: Animals such as birds,
6. Active transport requires the cell to
insects, and mammals would be good
on the island. Plants must be on the
island in order to provide a source of
food for the animals.
7.
SECTION: THE CELL CYCLE
1. Sample answer: The cell cycle
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
describes all of the stages a cell goes
through in its life. Cytokinesis is the
last stage of cell reproduction when a
cell’s cytoplasm is split between the
two new cells.
C
Chromosomes need to be copied so
that the two new cells have the same
genetic material as the parent cell.
Sample answer: Before mitosis begins, the
chromosomes are copied. In phase 1, the
nuclear membrane dissolves, and the
chromosomes condense. In phase 2, the
chromosomes line up along the equator of
the cell, and homologous chromosomes
pair up. In phase 3, the chromatids move
to opposite sides of the cell. In phase 4, a
nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind.
8
If cytokinesis occurred without mitosis,
each cell would only have half of the
parent cell’s genetic material or less.
Mitosis ensures that each new cell
receives a copy of each chromosome,
and hence, an exact copy of the parent
cell’s genetic material.
The processes of animal and plant
cells are different because plant cells
have cell walls. Cytokinesis is different
in plant cells, but all other stages of
mitosis are essentially the same as
they are in animal cells.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Chapter Review
1. Sample answer: Osmosis is the diffu-
2.
3.
4.
5.
sion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Sample answer: Exocytosis is the
process cells use to remove large particles; endocytosis is the process cells
use to move large particles into a cell.
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
Cytokinesis is the division of just the
cytoplasm. Mitosis is the process in
eukaryotic cells in which the nuclear
material splits to form two new nuclei.
17.
use energy to move substances.
Passive transport does not require the
cell to use any energy.
Cellular respiration releases stored
energy by using oxygen. Fermentation
releases stored energy without using
oxygen.
C
A
D
C
Endocytosis and exocytosis are examples of active transport. In both
processes the cell must change shape,
wrap around a particle, and make
other movements that require the cell
to use energy.
Chloroplasts are needed for photosynthesis. Cellular respiration requires
mitochondria.
The first stage is cell growth and copying of DNA (duplication.) The second
stage is mitosis, which involves separating the duplicated chromosomes.
The third stage is cytokinesis (cell
division), which results in two separate, identical cells.
An answer to this exercise can be
found at the end of the Teacher
Edition.
The plant on the left was given pure
water. The plant on the right was given
salt water. Osmosis occurred in both
plants. In the plant on the left, water
moved into the plant because the concentration of water was lower in the
plant than in the soil. So, the plant on
the left did not wilt. In the plant on the
right, the water in the plant moved
into the soil, where the concentration
of water was lower. The concentration
of water in the soil was lower because
the water contained salt. As a result,
the plant on the right wilted.
When there is plenty of oxygen, the
cells can get energy from cellular
respiration. When there is a lack of
oxygen, the cell must use fermentation, which doesn’t produce as much
energy. For fermentation to produce
more energy, more food would be
required.
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The Cell in Action
ANSWER KEY
THIS IS RADIO KCEL
18. a. The cell is a eukaryotic cell and
19.
20.
21.
22.
will go through mitosis and cytokinesis.
Prokaryotic cells have only one chromosome. b. Each new cell will receive
a copy of each chromosome, so each
new cell will have 10 chromosomes.
The cell is eukaryotic because it
shows chromatids held together at a
centromere. Prokaryotic cells do not
have chromatids.
The cell is in mitosis because the
chromosomes have already duplicated.
There are 12 chromatids. There are three
pairs of homologous chromosomes.
There will be six chromosomes in
each new cell.
Segment A: 3
Segment B: 1
Segment C: 4
Segment D: 2
Critical Thinking
1. Answers may vary. Sample answer: yes;
2.
Reinforcement
3.
INTO AND OUT OF THE CELL
Osmosis:
• particles move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration
• water
• does not require ATP
4.
Passive Transport:
• particles move through proteins
• particles move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration
• sugar
• does not require ATP
5.
When placed in fresh water, a typical
cell will absorb water until it bursts.
Because the concentration of water
particles is higher outside the cell,
water will flow into the cell by osmosis.
The S.C.A.M. scientists will have to discover a way of stopping the cells’ absorption of fresh water before the cells burst.
a. food
b. endocytosis
c. active transport
d. cellular respiration
e. fermentation
f. passive transport
g. exocytosis
The salt will decrease the concentration of water in the fluid outside the
cells. This will cause dehydration as
water leaves the cells by osmosis.
Answers may vary. Sample answer: He
could destroy the cells by restricting
their oxygen flow or by destroying
their mitochondria.
Section Quizzes
Active Transport:
• particles move through proteins
• particles move from an area of low
concentration to an area of high
concentration
• requires ATP
SECTION: EXCHANGE WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL
1.-4.
B
E
G
F
C
6.
7.
8.
9.
A
D
D
A
SECTION: CELL ENERGY
1.
2.
3.
4.
C
B
C
C
5.
6.
7.
8.
E
B
A
C
SECTION: THE CELL CYCLE
5. Chloroplasts also use carbon
dioxide and water to make glucose.
6. Mitochondria also give off carbon
dioxide and water during cellular
respiration.
1.
2.
3.
4.
D
C
E
B
5.
6.
7.
8.
A
B
A
C
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The Cell in Action