Avian Influenza in Jalisco, Mexico

Servicio Nacional de Sanidad,
Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria
Highly pathogenic
avian influenza
H7N3 in Mexico
Updated, October 17th, 2012
Poultry production - 2011
Product
Production
(tons)
$ Mexican
pesos
(million)
% Participation
Table
eggs
2’538,137
35,450
29.52
Broiler
2’906,214
58,386
33.80
Turkey
13,103
694
0.15
Total
5’457,454
94,530
63.48
Livestock production 2011
(percentage of participation)
Chicken
Turkey
Goat
0.51%
Egg
Swine
Honey
Source: Compendium of the economic poultry sector
indicators 2012, National Union of Poultry Farmers.
Sheep
0.65%
Beef
National production: 8´598,478 tons.
Poultry
farming
63.48%
Some data of the egg production
World production
• China is the most important producer in the
world (40%), followed by USA (9%); India (5%);
Japan (4%), Mexico (4%), and Rusia (4%).
• Mexico is the 5th egg world producer. Four of
every 100 eggs in the world are mexican.
National production
• Mexico produces 2.3 millions of egg metric tons
a year. With value of 2,506 million USD. First
world consumer (22 Kg) per people.
• 100% of the consumed egg is produce in Mexico.
• The main producer state is Jalisco with 51% of
total production.
3
AI H7 Notifications to the OIE
Country
virus
Date outbreak
KOREA
H7N7
03/23/2005
CANADA
H7N3
09/27/2007
UNITED KINGDOM
H7N7
06/04/2008
SPAIN
H7N7
10/11/2009
UNITED STATES
H7N9
06/29/2011
UNITED STATES
H7N3
03/25/2011
SOUTH AFRICA
H7N1
02/01/2012
MEXICO
H7N3
06/21/2012
2012 OUTBREAKS
2005 -2012
AI eradication costs
Country
Number of
eliminated birds
(million)
USA (H5N2)
17
65 million, 30% increase
in the egg cost
Italia (H7N1)
18
100 million to pay
1999-2000
eliminated birds and 500
millions to indirect costs.
Hong Kong
(H5N1)
1.4
13 million
1997
Hong Kong
(H5N1)
1.2
3.8 million
2001
Europa
(H7N7)
30
314 million
2003
Canadá
17
380 million
2004
Chile
(H5N1 IABP)
0.53
Costs (USD)
Year of
eradication
1983
2009
5
Background




June 18 First notification to SAGARPA: High mortality of layers in Tepatitlan, Jalisco.
June 18-19 Samples were received in the BSL-3 reference laboratory
June 20 Official confirmation of avian influenza H7.
June 21 Beginning of the emergency plan, situational diagnosis and contraepidemic activities (including
the possibility of vaccination). Mobilization control.

June 22 1:30 am Notification to the OIE. Beginning of the sampling of technified farms and backyard
poultry near the focal area.
June 23 – 24 confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3. Notification to the OIE.
June 25 Situational diagnosis .
July 2 DINESA (Operative National Animal Health
Emergency) publication as a mandatory guideline
to control the outbreak.



Activities from July 3 to 18

Beginning of the vaccine potency test.

Establishment of the quarantine zone.

New rules for the mobilization of avian products from
Jalisco.
July 26, first batch of 10 million dosis of AI vaccine is
delivered to the producers

Laboratory diagnosis
1. Virus Identification
The virus identification was carried out by
the Hemagglutination inhibition test.
It was identified as avian influenza virus
subtype H7
Virus identification was carried out by
A/Chicken/British Columbia/CN-00006/2004
(H7N3) reference antisera
Laboratory diagnosis
2. Identification of influenza virus by Reverse Transcriptase
Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
•
•
•
Matrix protein
H5*
H7*
The protocol was adopted from USDA – APHIS
NVSL. SOP - AVPRO1510.04 - 2008
Laboratory diagnosis
3. Intravenous Pathogenicity Index
Test (IVPI) *
Facilities
The IVPI was conducted at
CENASA facilities
The index was calculated as the mean score per bird per observation. In the above result this would
be 290/100 = 2.90. The classifying criteria for the isolated AI was highly pathogenic.
* Harmonized protocol among The United States of America, Canada and Mexico
Laboratory diagnosis
n
The Intravenous
Pathogenicity Index Test
(IVPI) *
Clinical
IPIV =
∑X
a =1
n
a
n
n
c =1
d =1
× W1 + ∑ X b × W2 + ∑ X c × W3 + ∑ X d × W4
b =1
n
∑ Xa, b, c, d
a ,b ,c ,d =1
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
Total
Score
Normal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0X0
0
Sick
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0X1
0
Paralyzed
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10 X 2
20
Dead
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
90 X 3
270
Total
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
100
290
signs
The index was calculated as the mean score per bird per observation. In the above result this would
be 290/100 = 2.90. The classifying criteria for the isolated AI was highly pathogenic.
* Harmonized protocol among The United States of America, Canada and Mexico
Laboratory diagnosis
5. Sequencing results
Cleavage site
HA1
A/chicken/British ColumbiaAY559235 PENPK
CPA-2817-06 /2006 PENPK
CPA-12283-2012/2012 PENPKDRKSRHRRTR
HA2
/TRG Reference Strain
/TRG 2006 Strain
/TRG 2012 Strain
Diagnosis
The virus was confirmed as H7N3 by PCR and
sequencing.
An insertion of basic amino acids was detected in
the cleavage site that characterizes a high
pathogenic virus.
This insertion could be a part of the chicken genome!
National and state view
13
Regional view
14
Regional view
Index focus
Primary
focus
Cuerpos de Agua
HPAI affected farms near lakes and water
reservoirs where migratory birds arrive
16
Evolution of the virus isolation
Municipio
Población Total
Enfermos
Muertos
Propietario
Fecha primer aislamiento
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
ACATIC
310,000
71,488
90,000
0
10,000
0
GRANJA AVICOLA LA GUADALUPANA
LA UNION TEPATITLAN S. A. DE C.V.
26/06/2012
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
216,000
206,000
206,000
AVICOLA ALEJANDRINA (CARLOS GONZALEZ GONZALEZ)
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
102,000
100,000
78,000
AVICOLA LA JOYA (GUILLERMO NAVARRO RAMIREZ)
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
165,000
45
10
POSTA EL CUATRO, S.A. DE C.V.
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
ACATIC
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
ACATIC
VALLE DE GUADALUPE
ACATIC
133,975
1,400,000
92,000
96,000
55,000
150,000
215,000
395000
75,000
2
700,000
250
46,000
35,000
5,000
7,000
1
20,000
1
39,970
250
46,000
25,000
2,000
3,000
1
13,000
LA UNION TEPATITLAN
GENA AGROPECUARIA.
GM FARM'S S.A. DE C.V.
AGROPECUARIA DALEG S.A. DE C.V.
GM FARM'S S. A. DE C. V.
GUSTAVO DE ANDA GONZALEZ
ALEJANDRO NAVARRO RAMIREZ (AVICAM).
GM. FARM’S, S. A. DE C. V.
ALFREDO CASILLAS CASILLAS
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
500,000
500
200
GRANJA AVICOLA LA GUADALUPANA
29/06/2012
ACATIC
236,000
0
0
AVICOLA MIRAFLORES (ARTURO ESQUIVIAS ROMERO)
29/06/2012
VALLE DE GUADALUPE
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
140,587
30,000
94,500
4
3
55,000
3
2
55,000
AGROPECUARIA PEREZ CASILLAS S.A. DE C.V.
GRANJA AVICOLA LA GUADALUPANA
GM FARM'S S.A. DE C.V.
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
165,000
0
0
POSTA EL CUATRO S.A. DE C.V. (AVES)
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
800,000
800,000
280,000
GRUPO GONZALEZ LOZANO S.A DE C.V.
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
235,000
4,000
4,000
GM FARM'S S.A. DE C.V.
29/06/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
49,056
263
105
OSCAR EDUARDO MARTIN GUTIERREZ
29/06/2012
ACATIC
SAN MIGUEL EL ALTO
395,000
1,526,001
195,000
10
150,000
10
ALEJANDRO NAVARRO RAMIREZ (AVICAM).
GENA AGROPECUARIA S.A DE C. V.
29/06/2012
02/07/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
40000
10
10
GRUPO ESTRADA DE LA TORRE, S. A. DE C. V.
05/07/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
112000
10
10
GRUPO ESTRADA DE LA TORRE S.A. DE C.V.
05/07/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
152000
12
10
VALLE DE GUADALUPE
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
396000
254320
113,000
0
254320
10
0
75000
10
ACATIC
45000
6
5
JALOSTOTITLAN
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
ENCARNACION DE DIAZ
TEOCALTICHE
TEOCALTICHE
576757
550000
405109
30908
294440
0
5500
0
3090
0
0
320
0
1000
0
AVICOLA GANADERA DE JALISCO S.A. DE C.V.
06/07/2012
AVICOLA BUENDIA-ANTONIO GUTIERREZ MARTIN
07/07/2012
AVICOLA CARMELITA (OSCAR SILVINO MARTIN MARTIN)
MIGUEL GONZÁLEZ CUEVAS
PRODUCTORES UNIDOS DE TEPATITLAN (J. JESUS MARTIN
GUTIERREZ)
PROTEINA ANIMAL SA DE CV
HECTOR ALCALA GONZALEZ (AVES)
BENJAMIN PEREZ DE ANDA
INTERPEC SAN MARCOS
INTERPEC SAN MARCOS
07/07/2012
07/07/2012
08/07/2012
09/07/2012
21/07/2012
22/07/2012
25/07/2012
25/07/2012
TEOCALTICHE
30758
9227
1000
INTERPEC SAN MARCOS
25/07/2012
TEOCALTICHE
TEOCALTICHE
TEOCALTICHE
SAN IGNACIO CERRO GORDO
27688
55000
43500
132841
5537
12000
9500
10
1000
300
288
10
INTERPEC SAN MARCOS
AGROINDUSTRIAS QUESADA
AGROINDUSTRIAS QUESADA
AGROPECUARIA GIRO S.A. DE C.V.
25/07/2012
26/07/2012
26/07/2012
13/08/2012
VALLE DE GUADALUPE
9500
2850
500
EMPAQUES DE SAN JUAN S.A. DE C.V.
13/08/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
280000
250000
100000
AVICOLA EL DURAZNO S. A. DE C.V.
20/08/2012
TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS
134400
86567
86567
JOSE LUIS GONZALEZ ALCALA
20/08/2012
Checkpoints to movement verification
of bird products
With the Federal Police
and Mexican Army, the
internal chek points
were strenght in the
area to avoid ilegal
movement of bird
products
Current situacion and vaccination
Sanitary indicators
Quantity
Farms sampled
657
Farms with virus isolation
44
Virus isolation in wild birds
(black birds – zanates and
swallow)
2
Procesed samples
Personel working on field
Zoosanitary certificates issued
92,804
87
18,753
Delivered vaccines in the first
stage (august 20th)
88’327,000
Delivered vaccines in a second
stage
51’658,000
Vaccines applied to date
(08/octubre/2012)
Vaccination 1ª y 2ª stage
Purpouse
Breeders
Breeading
Development
Layer hens
Broilers
Total
Delivered
vaccine
1’420,025
32’933,172
9’742,070
95’388,920
500,812
139’985,000
128.58 million
Vaccine bank (dosis)
53 million
Depopulated birds because of
the outbrake
11 million
19
Updated situation
October 17:






657 farms sampled in 42 municipalities
44 AIH7N3 positive farms and three wildlife bird (virus isolation).
613 negative farms.
100,406 samples have been collected and diagnosis test have been performed
Depopulation: 22.3 million birds.
Vaccination: 88.32 million doses (first application).
Viral isolations by municipality
and type of production
N° of farms
Municipality with isolation
AH7N3
Total
population
Sick
Dead
Destroyed
Purpouse
Acatic
7
2,437,488
922,006
205,975
2,437,488
Layer
Teocaltiche
6
263,486
17,854
3,000
263,486
Breeders
24
4,781,939
1,932,997
968,180
4,367,539
Layer
3
941,087
2,855
504
941,087
Layer
1
1,526,001
10
10
1,526,001
Layer
1
477,930
1
0
477,930
Layer
Jalostotitlán
1
576,757
0
0
576,757
Layer
Encarnación
De Díaz
1
405,611
0
0
405,611
Layer
Tepatitlán de
Morelos
Valle de
Guadalupe
San Miguel el
Alto
San Ignacio
Cerro Gordo
44
11,410,299 2,875,723 1,177,669 10,995,899
33 farms from 20 a 81 week old, 9 farms more than 80 week old
Two cases in Tepatitlán, Jal. with wild birds:
3 virus isolation in black birds (zanates )
1 virus isolation in a swallow
21
Avian Influenza AH7N3 active
surveillance in México
Field operations personel is taking samples in the country to
look for clinical signs or virus; SAGARPA/SENASICA
laboratories have received 1,858 samples from farms and
backyards coming from 28 states (including Jalisco), the
sampling cover 253,162,276 birds and 131,948 have been
analized.
1858 sampled farms
ZACATECAS
13
24
YUCATAN
90
VERACRUZ LLAVE
TLAXCALA
2
63
SAN LUIS POTOSÍ
SONORA
9
30
SINALOA
QUINTANA ROO
1
58
QUERETARO DE ARTEAGA
139
PUEBLA
OAXACA
3
NUEVO LEON
25
NAYARIT
21
38
MORELOS
25
MICHOACAN DE OCAMPO
649
JALISCO
ESTADO DE MÉXICO
27
HIDALGO
32
GUERRERO
4
27
GUANAJUATO
278
DURANGO
COLIMA
13
162
COAHUILA DE ZARAGOZA
CHIHUAHUA
4
52
CHIAPAS
BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR
1
BAJA CALIFORNIA
1
AGUASCALIENTES
67
22
Eradication strategies
1) Active and passive surveillance in all states of Mexico
2) Quarantine in the affected zone.
3) Control in mobilization of poultry and poultry products
4) Increase in the biosecurity level of all farms
5) Notification of any suspected case (high mortality, less
production, birds with clinical signs)
Eradication strategies
1) Depopulation (stamping out) of positive farms, cleaning and
disinfection
2) Official production and control of an AI vaccine (Low
pathogenic virus)
3) Vaccination of the buffer zone
4) Specific strategies for risk communication
5) Surveillance in wild birds
Communication strategies
Communication strategies
SENASICA has been doing the action as follow:
Elaboration of the master seed
Testing of the 2006
“duck” strain
Partial sequences
of H7 and N3 are
in the GenBank
(29/06/12)
Access numbers:
• JX293406
• JX293407
Homology with
field virus ≈ 90%
Elaboration of the pilot lot
3 concentrations
(12, 16 and 20%)
were prepared of a
pilot lot of
emergency vaccine
from the working
seed.
Potency tests
The results were satisfactory for the
20% concentration at 2 and 3 weeks
post-vaccination.
• 90% protection in vaccinated
animals against field virus.
• 90% mortality in challenged
controls.
With these results the decision was taken
of using the 20% concentration for the industrial production of the
emergency vaccine.
The other two concentrations protected less than 80% against a challenge with
HPAI field virus 14 days post-vaccination.
29
Number of Birds Depopulated in the Jalisco
Region and Restocking Perpectives
Eliminated birds
Number of laying hens already
introduced :
By desition of the
producers
11.4 millions
By the outbrake
11 millions
9.4 millions
At the end of november repopulation in the area
will be reached, (90 millions of laying hens)
30
Current situation: table egg production
Reduction of the national flock was 15.5%.
Between July and August , 2012 the table egg production decreased 10% (42,000 metric tons)
compared with the same period in the previous year.
240,000
Producción
nacional
de huevo para
plato 2010-2013
National table
egg production
2010-2013
(toneladas)
(Metric
tons.)
Inicio de la contingencia
(22 jun 2012)
230,000
220,000
140 mil
ton
210,000
200,000
190,000
180,000
170,000
Producción de no haberse presentado la contingencia
Producción con reposición de aves (4.5 mill/mes)
ene-10
feb-10
mar-10
abr-10
may-10
jun-10
jul-10
ago-10
sep-10
oct-10
nov-10
dic-10
ene-11
feb-11
mar-11
abr-11
may-11
jun-11
jul-11
ago-11
sep-11
oct-11
nov-11
dic-11
ene-12
feb-12
mar-12
abr-12
may-12
jun-12
jul-12
ago-12
sep-12
oct-12
nov-12
dic-12
ene-13
feb-13
mar-13
abr-13
may-13
jun-13
jul-13
ago-13
sep-13
oct-13
nov-13
dic-13
160,000
Producción observada
Firma del área que elabora
Fecha de elaboración
31
N° of Inspections/Detencions by
checkponit in the Quarentine zone
Table egg, liquid egg, liquidpasteurized egg, pasteurized egg,
fertile egg, dehidrated egg, industrial
use egg, liquid yolk, Albumin, Shell,
birds, compost, poultry, sausages,
processed poultry, viscera, meat and
bone meal, poultry fat, Poultry paste,
hen and chicken feces, breaked egg
.
PVI
ACATIC 1
ACATIC 2
ACATIC 3
ARANDAS
CERRO GORDO
LA
VENTA
ATOTONILCO
OJO DE AGUA
PEGUEROS
SAN JOSÉ DE GRACIA
SAN JUAN - LAGOS
TEOCALTICHE
TOTOTLAN
YAHUALICA
Totales
Inspected
596
241
346
291
171
Rejected
%
19
4
6
2
26
3.2
1.7
1.7
0.7
15.2
117
6
5.1
25
2169
454
3105
267
116
778
0
30
6
54
4
0
44
0.0
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.5
0.0
5.7
8,676
201
2.3
32
Serology in Vaccinated Poultry Farms
Titer for AI H7
2,886 samples
(1:32)
0%
(1:16)
1%
(1:64)
1%
(1:128)
1%
(1:256)
3%
(1:512)
5%
(1:16)
(1:32)
(1:64)
(1:128)
(1:256)
(1:1024)
89%
(1:512)
(1:1024)
Sampled
: 87
Granjasfarms
monitoreadas
87
The One Health point of view:
•Meetings with Helth Minister to have cooperation and
coordination at secretary level
•Regional meetings with local and state authorities to increase
the active and passive surveillance on farm workers.
•Veterinary services suply masks, gloves and googles for
workers when they were applying vaccine.
•Two cases of conjuctivitis were detected in farms and AH7N3
were isolated in Health labs and secuencied in veterinary labs.
Averages egg prices in 2012
Anuncio del Brote de Influenza aviar
35
30
Price
25
Anuncio de la SE, cupos
40
20
Anuncio de la SE, desgravación
15
10
Ten million USD is expected that consumers will pay in
5
five months because
of the incresed price
0
FEBRERO
MARZO
16.63
15.73
27.6
28.35
Mercados Kg
23.38
Abarrotes Kg
23.75
Productor Kg
Autoservicio Kg
ENERO
ABRIL
MAYO
JUNIO
JULIO
AGOSTO
SEPTIEMBRE
14.72
13.76
11.51
13.99
16.57
21.98
24.64
27.9
28.19
25.5
26.13
27.24
30.32
36.52
21.54
22.77
20
16.4
21.07
24.95
31.54
31.9
21.38
24.44
19.67
15.67
21.25
25.52
32
33.4
35
Value of imports
16.6 M USD
Total Impact of the AI H7N3
(Millions of USD)
2,500
2,000
Costo total indirecto (millones de
dólares)
Costo total directo (millones de
dólares)
616.9
1,500
638 million US dollar
411.3
1,000
205.3
500
0
154.0
25.7
54.1
Base oficial
(2.5m)
51.3
108.3
Base
intermedio
(5m)
102.6
216.5
Base factible
(10m)
324.8
Impacto
potencial
(15m)
1,301.3
867.6
433.0
Impacto alto
(20m)
Impacto
catastrófico
(40m)
Desaparición
industria en
Altos (60m)