Aplicación de Pacto de San José de Costa Rica por órganos

CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA
APLICACIÓN DEL
PACTO DE SAN JOSÉ DE COSTA RICA
POR ÓRGANOS JURISDICCIONALES DE LA
REPÚBLICA DEL PARAGUAY
Editado en oportunidad de la sesión de la
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en
Asunción-Paraguay
Palacio de Justicia
9-12 de Mayo de 2005
CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA
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Artículo 1°
Obligación de Respetar los Derechos
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Artículo 2°
Deber de Adoptar Disposiciones de Derecho Interno
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Artículo 3°
Derecho al Reconocimiento de la Personalidad Jurídica
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Artículo 4°
Derecho a la Vida
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Artículo 5°
Derecho a la Integridad Personal
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Artículo 6°
Prohibición de la Esclavitud y Servidumbre
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Artículo 7°
Derecho a la Libertad Personal
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Artículo 8°
Garantías Judiciales
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Artículo 18
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Artículo 23
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Artículo 24
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Artículo 26
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Artículo 27
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Artículo 28
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Artículo 29
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Artículo 30
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Artículo 31
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Artículo 32
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Artículo 33
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Artículo 34
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Artículo 35
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Artículo 36
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Artículo 37
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Artículo 38
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Artículo 39
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Artículo 40
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Artículo 41
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Artículo 42
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Artículo 43
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Artículo 44
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Artículo 45
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Artículo 46
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Artículo 47
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Artículo 48
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Artículo 79
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Artículo 2
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Artículo 11
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Artículo 12
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Artículo 13
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Artículo 14
Derecho a los Beneficios de la Cultura
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Artículo 15
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Artículo 16
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Artículo 17
Protección de los Ancianos119
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Artículo 18
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Artículo 19
Medios de Protección
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Artículo 20
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Artículo 21
Firma, Ratificación o Adhesión
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Artículo 22
Incorporación de otros Derechos y Ampliación de los Reconocidos
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Artículo 1
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD:
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad y procedencia
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PROCESO PENAL: Duración razonable
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ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD
CONTRA LOS ARTÍCULOS 25, INC. 3°,
136 y 137 DEL CÓDIGO PROCESAL
PENAL. AÑO: 2003- N° 1866
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(ODUWtFXORGHO&33GLFH "DURACIÓN MÁXIMA. Toda persona tendrá
derecho a una resolución judicial definitiva en un plazo razonable. Por lo tanto, todo
procedimiento tendrá una duración máxima de tres años, contados desde el primer
acto del procedimiento. Este plazo sólo se podrá extender por seis meses más cuando
exista una sentencia condenatoria, afín de permitir la tramitación de los recursos. La
fuga o rebeldía del imputado interrumpirá el plazo de duración del procedimiento.
Cuando comparezca o sea capturado, se re iniciará el plazo" .
(O DUWtFXOR GHO &33 GLFH "EFECTOS. Vencido el plazo previsto en el
artículo anterior el juez o tribunal, de oficio o a petición de parte, declarará
extinguida la acción penal, conforme lo previsto por este código. Cuando se declare
la extinción de la acción penal por morosidad judicial, la víctima deberá ser
indemnizada por los funcionarios responsables y por el Estado. Se presumirá la
negligencia de los funcionarios actuantes, salvo prueba en contrario. En caso de
insolvencia del funcionario, responderá directamente el Estado, sin perjuicio de su
derecho a repetir"
(ODUWtFXORGHO&33GLFH"MOTIVOS DE EXTINCIÓN. La acción penal se
extinguirá: 1)...; 2)...; 3) por el vencimiento del plazo previsto en el artículo 136 de
este Código... ".
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GHOD&RQVWLWXFLyQ1DFLRQDOTXHGLFH"DE LOS DERECHOS Y GARANTÍAS NO
ENUNCIADOS. La enunciación de los derechos y garantías contenidos en esta
Constitución no debe entenderse como negación de otros que, siendo inherentes a la
personalidad humana, no figuren expresamente en ella. La falta de ley reglamentaria
no podrá ser invocada para negar ni para menoscabar algún derecho o garantía" .
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competente, independiente e imparcial, establecido con anterioridad por la ley, en la
sustanciación de cualquier acusación penal formulada contra ella, o para la
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1ƒ TXH HQWUH VXV DUJXPHQWRV VHxDODEDQ "...La necesidad de un plazo es
incuestionable. No se puede pretender que una persona esté sujeto a un proceso penal
por tiempo indeterminado, ya que ello sería violatorio de elementales derechos
humanos... Se ha declarado que el Estado no tiene la obligación de establecer un
plazo fijo, de carácter general, independiente de las circunstancias de cada caso (Ver
CIDH, Informe N° 12 del 1 de Marzo de 1996. Caso Jorge Jiménez). La
determinación de la razonabilidad del plazo es aconsejable se realice en cada caso
concreto donde se analicen los distintos factores que se señalarán más adelante. Pero,
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si por razones de política legislativa se decide establecer in abstractum un plazo
general determinado, el legislador debe tomar en consideración, para fijarlo, todas
las contingencias y las vicisitudes por las que atraviesa en un proceso complejo... ".
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suministrar a los individuos el amparo necesario para la salvaguarda de sus
derechos con motivo del ejercicio del poder jurisdiccional del Estado. Cumpliendo
con una de sus funciones fundamentales, el Estado tiene el deber ineludible de
administrar justicia conforme a los lineamientos establecidos por la Constitución, y
de ofrecer a los individuos los procedimientos idóneos para requerir y concretar la
defensa de sus derechos en el marco de un proceso judicial. Es la garantía que
impone al Estado la obligación de organizar y aplicar su poder jurisdiccional, para
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principios de un correcto juicio”; HQLJXDO VHQWLGR*HQDUR&DUULyQRVGLFH “...una
sentencia arbitraria no satisface los requisitos del debido proceso adjetivo porque no
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JURISPRUDENCIA CIVIL Y COMERCIAL
ACUERDO Y SENTENCIA Nº 157/2002 (Tribunal de Apelación de la Niñez y la
Adolescencia)
PATRIA POTESTAD: Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la patria potestad.
Patria potestad de hijos matrimoniales. Patria potestad de hijos extramatrimoniales
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ALIMENTOS: Beneficiario de alimentos. Cuota de alimentos
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KLMRVORQHFHVDULRSDUDODVXEVLVWHQFLDKDELWDFLyQ\YHVWLGRHQFRQGLFLRQHVQR
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ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos
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DGROHVFHQWH
ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos
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ALIMENTOS: Cuota de alimentos. Proceso
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SRWHVWDG HMHUFLGD VREUH VX KLMR VH KD FRQFXOFDGR HO SULQFLSLR GH FRQJUXHQFLD
H[SUHVDPHQWHSUHYLVWRHQORVLQFLVRVF\HGHODUWtFXORGHO&3&GHELGRD
TXHODSDUWHGHPDQGDQWHSHWLFLRQyHQHOHVFULWRLQLFLDOGHGHPDQGDODSpUGLGDGH
SDWULD SRWHVWDG FRQWUD HO PLVPR VLQ HPEDUJR OD -X]JDGRUD QR DGHFXy VX
GHFLVLyQ D GLFKD SUHWHQVLyQ $PSOLDFLyQ GH IXQGDPHQWRV GH OD 'UD $OLFLD
3XFKHWDGH&RUUHD
PATRIA POTESTAD:
&RUUHVSRQGH GHFODUDU QXOD HVWD UHVROXFLyQ SRUTXH H[LVWLHQGR XQD VHQWHQFLD GH
WHQHQFLD D IDYRU GH OD GHPDQGDGD VREUH VX KLMR FRUUHVSRQGH HMHFXWDU GLFKD
VHQWHQFLD SRU VHU XQD FRQVHFXHQFLD QDWXUDO GH OD PLVPD TXH LQYROXFUD HO
HMHUFLFLRGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUSDUWHGHODSURJHQLWRUDFX\RHIHFWRSHUVRQDO
GHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGHVTXHHOKLMRYLYDFRQVXPDGUH)XQGDPHQWRVGHOD'UD
$OLFLD3XFKHWDGH&RUUHD
REBELDÍA:Efectos de la declaración de rebeldía
/D UHEHOGtD GHFODUDGD \ ILUPH FRQVWLWXLUi SUHVXQFLyQ GH YHUGDG GH ORV KHFKRV
DILUPDGR SRU TXLpQ REWXYR OD GHFODUDFLyQ(QHOFDVRGHDXWRV DXQTXHQRVH
KD\DGHFODUDGRH[SUHVDPHQWHODUHEHOGtDWDOFRPRIXHVROLFLWDGRQRWLILFDGRHO
GHPDQGDGRTXHVHOHGLRSRUGHFDtGRHOGHUHFKRSDUDFRQWHVWDUODGHPDQGD\GH
OD SURYLGHQFLD TXH GHFUHWD OD DSHUWXUD GH OD FDXVD D SUXHED HQ PL RSLQLyQ OD
QRWLILFDFLyQ IHKDFLHQWH GH ODV UHVSHFWLYDV SURYLGHQFLDV YLHQHQ D VXSOLU OD
GHILFLHQFLDSURFHVDOHQORTXHUHVSHFWDDODGHFODUDFLyQGHUHEHOGtDQRUHVXHOWD
SRUHO-X]JDGR
PATRIA POTESTAD: Pérdida
/D SRVLFLyQ GH LQGLIHUHQFLD DQWH XQ MXLFLR GRQGH QDGD PHQRV VH KD SHGLGR OD
SpUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGHQUHODFLyQDVXKLMRLQGLFDFRQHORFXHQFLDTXHQR
KD WHQLGR QLQJ~Q LQWHUpV HQ HMHUFHU GHO GHUHFKR TXH WHQtD FRPR SURJHQLWRU \
PXFKRPHQRVHOGHEHUTXHHPHUJHGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGHVWR~OWLPRVHJ~QODV
GHFODUDFLRQHV GH VX SURSLD HVSRVD GHFODUDFLRQHV TXH FRQFXHUGDQ FRQ ORV
DUJXPHQWRVVRVWHQLGRVHQHOHVFULWRGHGHPDQGD
ADOPCIÓN: Interés superior del niño. Mantenimiento del vínculo familiar
$3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6
'(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$<
/D &RQYHQFLyQ VREUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GHO 1LxR HVWDEOHFH FODUDPHQWH TXH ORV
(VWDGRV 3DUWHV YHODUiQ TXH HO QLxR QR VHD VHSDUDGR GH VXV SDGUHV H[FHSWR
FXDQGRDUHVHUYDMXGLFLDOODVDXWRULGDGHVFRPSHWHQWHVGHWHUPLQHQGHDFXHUGR
FRQ OD OH\ \ HO SURFHGLPLHQWR TXH OD VHSDUDFLyQ VHD QHFHVDULD HQ HO LQWHUpV
VXSHULRUGHOQLxR'HDFXHUGRFRQHVWHPDQGDWRGHOD&RQYHQFLyQORTXHGHEH
SULRUL]DUVH HV HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO QLxR GHQWUR GH VX IDPLOLD QXFOHDU R OD
DPSOLDGD
ADOPCIÓN:Interés superior del niño. Mantenimiento del vínculo familiar
'H DGRSWDUVH XQD GHWHUPLQDFLyQ FRQWUDULD DO SULQFLSLR GH SULRUL]DU HO
PDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOQLxRGHQWURGHVXIDPLOLDQXFOHDURDPSOLDGDVHOHGHEHGDU
XQ FRQWHQLGR TXH Gp OHJLWLPLGDG DO SULQFLSLR GH LJXDO UDQJR VHJ~Q HO FXDO
FXDOTXLHU PHGLGD TXH VH WRPH UHVSHFWR DO QLxR OD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ SULPRUGLDO
GHEHVHUSURWHJHUHOLQWHUpVVXSHULRUGHO PLVPRDUW GH OD&RQYHQFLyQ6H
WUDWD SXHV GH XQ UD]RQDPLHQWR TXH QHFHVDULDPHQWH LPSOLFD XQD OtQHD GH
DUJXPHQWDFLRQHV HQFDPLQDGDV D HOHJLU HQ FDGD FDVR FRQFUHWR OD SUHHPLQHQFLD
GH XQ SULQFLSLR VREUH RWUR WRGR HVWR GHQWUR GHO FRQWH[WR GHO SULQFLSLR
FRQVWLWXFLRQDO VHJ~Q HO FXDO HQ FDVR GH FRQIOLFWR ORV GHUHFKRV GHO QLxR WLHQH
FDUiFWHUSUHYDOHFLHQWHDUWLQILQHGHO&1
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida
1R VHUtD RFLRVR PHQFLRQDU TXH OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG FRQOOHYD VX
HMHUFLFLRXQGHUHFKR\XQGHEHUGHORVSDGUHVHQFXDQWRDORVKLMRVHQEHQHILFLR
GHpVWRVQDWXUDOPHQWH$OPHQRVHVWRHVORTXHVHGHGXFHGHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHV
FRQFRUGDQWHVGHORVDUWtFXORV\GHO&0
PRUEBA: Carga de la prueba
'HYLHQHSHUWLQHQWHDFODUDUTXHHORQXVSUREDQGLFXDQGRVHWUDWDGHUHIXWDUORV
KHFKRV DOHJDGRV SRU OD SDUWH GHPDQGDQWH FRQ RWURV KHFKRV OD PLVPD FDUJD
SURFHVDOODWLHQHODSDUWHGHPDQGDGD
PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Apreciación de la prueba testimonial
(ODUWtFXORGHO&3&HVWDEOHFHFODUDPHQWHODVSHUVRQDVTXHQRSXHGHQVHU
RIUHFLGDVFRPRWHVWLJRVGHVXHUWHTXHDSDUWHGHHVWDVH[FOXVLRQHVHO-X]JDGRU
VH HQFXHQWUD HQ OLEHUWDG GH YDORUDU OD GHFODUDFLyQ GH FXDOTXLHU WHVWLJR TXH QR
HVWpFRQWHPSODGRHQODSUHFHSWLYDPiVDUULEDFLWDGD\GHFRQIRUPLGDGDODUHJOD
HQXQFLDGDHQHODUWtFXORGHOFLWDGRFXHUSROHJDO
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida
5HVXOWD REYLR TXH VX SDGUH ELROyJLFR QR DFHSWR QXQFD DO QLxR FLUFXQVWDQFLD
TXH LQFLGH QHJDWLYDPHQWH HQ OD SVLTXLV GHO IHWR TXH YLYHQFLD D WUDYpV GH OD
PDGUH ODV GHPRVWUDFLRQHV GH DIHFWR R GH XQ VHQWLPLHQWR FRQWUDULR R
LQGLIHUHQFLD)HOL]PHQWHSDUDHOQLxRHQFRQWUyGHVGHEHEpXQ Q~FOHRIDPLOLDU
TXHOHSHUPLWLyGHVDUUROODUVHGHQWURGHXQFOLPDSURSLFLR\TXHHQJUDQPHGLGD
-85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/
KDEUi GLVPLQXLGR ODV VHFXHODV SVLFROyJLFDV GH WHQHU SDGUHV VHSDUDGRV \ SDUD
FROPR HQ PDQRV GH TXLHQ QR HUD VX SURJHQLWRUD 'H PRGR TXH HO FHQWUR GH
DWHQFLyQDOUHVROYHUVREUHODSpUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGORTXHGHEHSULPDUHV
ODFRQYHQLHQFLDRQRSDUDHOQLxR
ABANDONO: Abandono del hijo
'HDFXHUGRFRQORSUREDGRHQDXWRV\GHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDH[FOXVLYDPHQWH
SURFHVDO VH FRQFOX\H VLQ QLQJ~Q JpQHUR GH GXGDV TXH OD SDUWH DFFLRQDQWH
GHPRVWUy VREUDGDPHQWH HO GHVLQWHUpV GH OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD HQ UHODFLyQ D VX
KLMRRORTXHHVOR PLVPRODDEGLFDFLyQYROXQWDULDHQHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHVX
REOLJDFLyQ FRPR PDGUH \ TXH HQ ULJRU GH YHUGDG FRQVWLWX\H EiVLFDPHQWH OD
FDXVDOGHDEDQGRQRWDOFRPRVHKDOODUHJXODGRHQHO&0YRWR HQGLVLGHQFLD
GHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH]
PATRIA POTESTAD: Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la patria potestad.
Pérdida
6LVHSDUWHGHODEDVHGHTXHHOQLxRHVHOVXMHWRGHGHUHFKRVHQHVWHSURFHVR\
TXH HVWH GHUHFKR GHEH WHQHU SUHYDOHQFLD VREUH RWUR GHUHFKR SRU GLVSRVLFLyQ
FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOFDVRGHDXWRVHOGHUHFKRDHMHUFHUHOGHUHFKRHPHUJHQWHGH
OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG GHEH FHGHU DQWH HO GHUHFKR GHO QLxR D WHQHU XQD YLGD
HPRFLRQDOPHQWH HVWDEOH \ FRQ XQ IXWXUR TXH QR HVWp VXMHWR D ORV YDLYHQHV GH
XQDPDGUHQRSUHSDUDGDSDUDDVXPLUVXUROFRPRWDO(VWDHVODFRQFOXVLyQTXH
RWRUJDSOHQDYLYHQFLD\OHJLWLPLGDGDODSURWHFFLyQDFDEDGDGHO,QWHUpV6XSHULRU
GHO1LxR\VHDGHFXDSHUIHFWDPHQWHDODVSUHVFULSFLRQHVGHORV DUWtFXORV\
GHOD&RQYHQFLyQVREUHORVGHUHFKRVGHO1LxR\DODUWtFXORGHOD&1SRUOR
TXH YRWR SRU OD SHUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG GH OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD YRWR HQ
GLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH]
MENORES:Restitución de menores
(O MXLFLR GH UHVWLWXFLyQ VROLFLWDGD SRU OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD GHO QLxR FRQ
SRVWHULRULGDG DO MXLFLR GH SpUGLGD GH SDWULD SRWHVWDG GH OD PLVPD DPHULWD
DOJXQRVFRPHQWDULRVDGLFLRQDOHVFRPRSRUHMHPSORTXHHOMXLFLRGHELyKDEHUVH
SODQWHDGRDOFRQWHVWDUVHODGHPDQGD\QRGHVSXpV\DTXHFRPRORVRVWXYHFRQ
DQWHULRULGDGHVXQDSUHWHQVLyQRSRQLEOHDODSpUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSXHV
FDUHFHUtD GH VHQWLGR GHQHJDU OD SpUGLGD GH OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG H LQLFLDU RWUR
VROLFLWDQGRODUHVWLWXFLyQYRWRHQGLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH]
MENORES:Restitución de menores
1RSXHGHVRVOD\DUVHHOHVWXGLRSVLFROyJLFRGHOQLxRGLVSXHVWR SRUHO-X]JDGR
FRPR PHGLGD GH PHMRU SURYHHU VHJ~Q HO FXDO HO QLxR VH KDOOD VHJXUR HQ
FRPSDxtDGHVXVKHUPDQRV\VLHQWHUHFKD]R\SHOLJURDQWHODILJXUDPPDWHUQD
ELROyJLFD(VWDVLWXDFLyQGHOQLxRHVIiFLOPHQWHHQWHQGLEOHVLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWD
OD SRFD R FDVL QXOD UHODFLyQ FRQ OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD WDO FRPR KD TXHGDGR
GHPRVWUDGR HQ HO SURFHVR DQWHV DQDOL]DGRYRWR HQ GLVLGHQFLD GHO 'U 6LOYLR
5RGUtJXH]
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'(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$<
PATRIA POTESTAD:Derechos y obligaciones inherentes a la patria potestad
/D DFWLWXG FRPR PDGUH VH OD WLHQH R QR VLHQGR LUUHOHYDQWH OD HGDG HQ TXH HO
QLxRIXHFRQFHELGR/DYHUGDGHUDPDGUHSXHGHVHUORDORVDORVRDORV
DxRVGHHGDG\KDUiORLPSRVLEOHSDUDUHWHQHUDVXKLMR/DTXHUHDOPHQWH
WLHQHVHQWLPLHQWRVPDWHUQRVQRVRSRUWDUiQLDGPLWLUiQXQFDHVWDUVHSDUDGDGHVX
KLMRYRWRHQGLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH]
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida
&RKHUHQWHFRQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQDODTXHKHOOHJDGRHQHOMXLFLRVREUHSpUGLGDGH
SDWULDSRWHVWDGUHVSHFWRGHODPDGUHELROyJLFDGRQGHHOGHUHFKRHPHUJHQWHGH
OD SDWULD SRWHVWDG GHEH FHGHU DQWH HO GHUHFKR GHO QLxR D XQD YLGD PHMRU QR
WHQJR PiV UHPHGLR TXH FRQFOXLU TXH OD UHVWLWXFLyQ SHWLFLRQDGD SRU OD PLVPD
GHEHVHUGHVHVWLPDGDYRWRHQGLVLGHQFLDGHO'U6LOYLR5RGUtJXH]
COSTAS:Costas en el orden causado
6HGHEHLPSRQHUODVFRVWDVHQHORUGHQFDXVDGRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODQDWXUDOH]D
GHOOLWLJLR\TXHFDGDSDUWHDVXPLyXQDSRVLFLyQHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODVLWXDFLyQ
FUHDGD \ TXH GLR PRWLYR SDUD TXH VH LQFRDUDQ ORV MXLFLRV SXHV QR VHUtD MXVWR
LPSRQHUODVFRVWDVDODDFFLRQDGDHQUD]yQGHTXHORTXHVHUHVROYLyWLHQHTXH
YHU FRQ OD YLQFXODFLyQ MXUtGLFD HQWUH PDGUH H KLMR DVSHFWR KXPDQR TXH QR
SXHGHSDVDUVHSRUDOWRHQHVWHWLSRGHMXLFLR
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida
/RTXHFDEHHVDQDOL]DUHQHOFDVRHVSHFtILFRGHDXWRVHVVLIXHURQGHPRVWUDGDV
ODVFDXVDOHVGHSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDGSXHVODSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDGQR
SRGUiGHFUHWDUVHVLQKHFKRVGHHYLGHQWHJUDYHGDGQREDVWDUtDXQFXPSOLPLHQWR
PiVRPHQRVLUUHJXODUXQDPD\RURPHQRUGHGLFDFLyQ9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida. Suspensión
/RV DFWRUHV LPSHWUDURQ FRQFUHWDPHQWH FRPR FDXVDOHV GH SpUGLGD GH SDWULD
SRWHVWDGFRQWUDODPDGUHELROyJLFDORVLQFLVRVESRUDEDQGRQRGHVXKLMR\F
SRU GDU HMHPSORV R FRQVHMRV LQPRUDOHV R FRORFDUORV D VDELHQGDV HQ OXJDUHV
SHOLJURVRV SDUD OD YLGD ODVDOXGROD PRUDOGHVXKLMR ,QYRFDURQ DVLPLVPR HO
DUWtFXOR LQ ILQH GHO &0 VLQ HPEDUJR OD GLVSRVLFLyQ OHJDO FLWDGD
FRUUHVSRQGHDFDXVDVGHVXVSHQVLyQ\QRGHSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUOR
TXHQRFRUUHVSRQGHHQWUDUDH[DPLQDUODFXDQGRHOREMHWRGHOD SHWLFLyQIXHHO
GHSpUGLGDGHSDWULDSRWHVWDG\QRHOGHVXVSHQVLyQ9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
MENORES:Abandono de menores
(O&yGLJRGHO0HQRUQRFRQFHSWXDOL]DRGHILQHHODEDQGRQRVRORHQXPHUDHQ
IRUPDFHUUDGDORVFDVRVHQTXHVHFRQVLGHUDHQHVWDGRGHDEDQGRQRPDWHULDOR
PRUDODORVPHQRUHVHQHODUWtFXORGHOFLWDGRFyGLJR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
-85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/
MENORES:Abandono de menores
&RQYLHQH SUHFLVDU TXH HO KHFKR GH TXH OD PDGUH ELROyJLFD SRU DFWD DQWH HO
-X]JDGRGH3D]GHOD5HFROHWDGHFLGLyHQWUHJDUDVXKLMRHQJXDUGDSURYLVRULDD
VXKHUPDQDWtDGHOQLxRQRFRQILJXUDDEDQGRQRHQDWHQFLyQDTXHMXVWDPHQWH
HO FXLGDGR GH XQD WtD QR LPSOLFD DEDQGRQR GDGR ORV OD]RV GH SDUHQWHVFR TXH
H[FOX\HQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH GHVDPSDUR GH OR FXDO VH LQILHUH TXH HO QLxR VHUtD
ELHQDWHQGLGR\YLYLUiGHQWURGHVXIDPLOLDDPSOLDGD9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PRUEBA:Apreciación de la prueba
(O -XH] QR HVWi REOLJDGR D UHIHULUVH PLQXFLRVDPHQWH D WRGDV ODV SUXHEDV
SURGXFLGDV DVt SXHGH RPLWLU HO H[DPHQ GH DTXHOODV GLOLJHQFLDV TXH FRQFHSW~H
LQQHFHVDULDVSDUDVXIDOORRODVTXHUHIXWHLQHILFDFHVSHURQRSXHGHSUHVFLQGLU
GHXQKHFKRIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDODGHFLVLyQ9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PRUEBA:Apreciación de la prueba
&RQ UHODFLyQ D OD SUXHED FRQIHVRULD GH OD GHPDQGDGD WUDWiQGRVH GH XQD
FRQIHVLyQ MXGLFLDO ILFWD QR KDFH SOHQD SUXHED D GLIHUHQFLD GH OD HVSRQWiQHD
PRWLYRSRUHOFXDOVHUiDSUHFLDGDSRUOD-XH]MXQWDPHQWHFRQODVGHPiVSUXHEDV
GHDFXHUGRFRQORVSULQFLSLRVGHODVDQDFUtWLFDDUWtFXORGHO&3&9RWR
GHODPD\RUtD
PRUEBA DE TESTIGOS:Apreciación de la prueba testimonial
3DUD YDORUDU ODV SUXHEDV WHVWLILFDOHV QR VH WRPD HQ FXHQWD OD FDQWLGDG VLQR OD
FDOLGDG HQ OD GHFODUDFLyQ GH ORV WHVWLJRV \ VREUH WRGR VL OHV FRQVWD
SHUVRQDOPHQWH\ODIRUPDHQTXHGDQODUD]yQGHVXVGLFKRV$ORFXDOVHGHEH
DJUHJDUTXHODVSUXHEDVREUDQWHVHQDXWRV QR VH FRQVLGHUD SUXHED GH OD SDUWHV
VLQRGHO-X]JDGR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PRUEBA DE PERITOS: Apreciación de la prueba pericial
&RQYLHQHSUHFLVDUTXHOD-X]JDGRUDWLHQHIDFXOWDGSRUODOH\SDUDDSDUWDUVHGH
XQ GLFWDPHQ SHULFLDO \ DSR\DUVH HQ RWUR GLFWDPHQ GH OD PLVPD QDWXUDOH]D
9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida
$WHQWRDORVHVWXGLRVSVLFROyJLFRVQRH[LVWHXQDUD]yQGHSHVRTXHKDJDYLDEOH
HO GHVSRMR GH XQ KLMR GH OD PDGUH KDFLHQGR OXJDU D OD SHUGLGD GH OD SDWULD
SRWHVWDGPiVD~QFRPRHQHOFDVRGHDXWRVGRQGHODGHPDQGDGDQRH[SXVRDVX
KLMR D DEDQGRQR PDWHULDO \ WDPSRFR OR LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]y WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD
DGHPiV TXH OD GHPDQGDGD WXYR XQ HPEDUD]R SUHFR] DQWHV TXH VHSDUDUOH GHO
KLMRKD\TXHWUDWDUGHGDUOHDSR\RHPRFLRQDOSDUDTXHHOYtQFXORPDWHUQRILOLDO
VH UREXVWH]FD D ORV HIHFWRV SULRUL]DU OD SHUPDQHQFLD GHO QLxR HQ VX iPELWR
QDWXUDO TXH HV VX IDPLOLD QXFOHDU \ HQ GHIHFWR GH HVWD OD DPSOLDGD $Vt OR
$3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6
'(/$5(3Ò%/,&$'(/3$5$*8$<
VDFUDWL]D OD &RQYHQFLyQ GH ODV 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH ORV GHUHFKRV GHO QLxR
UDWLILFDGDSRUQXHVWURSDtVSRU/H\1ž9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
MENORES:Protección de menores
([LVWH XQD WRWDO FRLQFLGHQFLD HQ FXDQWR D TXH OD IDPLOLD HV HO DPELHQWH PiV
DGHFXDGRSDUDHOQRUPDOGHVDUUROORGHOVHUKXPDQRHVSRUHOOR TXHFDVLWRGDV
ODV&RQYHQFLRQHVFRQWLHQHQXQDQRUPDTXHGHFODUDOD
REOLJDFLyQ HVWDWDO GH YHODU SRU HO IRPHQWR VRFLDO GH OD IDPLOLD D HIHFWRV GH
DVHJXUDUVXSHUPDQHQFLDHLQWHJULGDG9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
NIÑO:
/DV GLVSRVLFLRQHV FRQWHQLGDV HQ OD &RQYHQFLyQ GH ODV 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH
ORVGHUHFKRVGHOQLxRVHLQILHUH TXH OD IDPLOLD HV HO iPELWRQDWXUDOHQHOFXDO
WRGR QLxR GHEH FUHFHU IXQGDGR HQ OD FRQYLFFLyQ GHO YDORU GHO JUXSR IDPLOLDU
EDVDGR HVHQFLDOPHQWH HQ HO GHUHFKR D VX LGHQWLGDG ELROyJLFD HV GHFLU TXH QR
SLHUGDVXYtQFXORGHSDUHQWHVFRFRQVXIDPLOLDGHVDQJUHRGHRULJHQ9RWRGH
ODPD\RUtD
NIÑO:
/D IDPLOLD HV HQ SULQFLSLR LQVXVWLWXLEOH \ FRPR OR H[SUHVD OD &RQYHQFLyQ
DUWtFXOR HO QLxR WLHQH GHUHFKR D QR VHU VHSDUDGR GH VXV SDGUHV VDOYR HQ VX
FDVRVH[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHSRUHMHPSORHQFDVRGHDXVHQFLDItVLFDGHORVSDGUHV
R GH VX WRWDO R JUDYH LQFDSDFLGDG SDUD HO FXPSOLPLHQWR GH ORV GHEHUHV D VX
FDOLGDG GH WDOHV R VHD REMHWR GH PDOWUDWR R GHVFXLGR JUDYH SRU SDUWH GH VXV
SDGUHV9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PRUEBA DE CONFESIÓN:Efectos
(Q FXDQWR D OD SUXHED FRQIHVRULD WUDWiQGRVH GH XQD FRQIHVLyQ ILFWD QR KDFH
SOHQDSUXHEDDGLIHUHQFLDGHODHVSRQWiQHD9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
NIÑO:
(Q YLUWXG GH ORV DUWtFXORV GH OD &1 HQ HO TXH VH SULYLOHJLD HO
HMHUFLFLRGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGSRUSDUWHGHORVSURJHQLWRUHVFRQORFXDOVHHVWD
SURWHJLHQGRHOGHUHFKRGHODPDGUH\DOSULQFLSLRGHOLQWHUpVVXSHULRUGHOQLxR
TXHSRVHHUDLJDPEUHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUGHDXWRVVHEDVDHQHO
UHVSHWRDOYtQFXORIDPLOLDUGHOQLxRDVXIDPLOLDQXFOHDURDPSOLDGDGLUHFWULFHV
TXH ORV HQFRQWUDPRV HQ ORV DUW \ FRQFRUGDQWHV GH OD &RQYHQFLyQ GH ODV
1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH ORV 'HUHFKRV GHO 1LxR \ ORV DUWtFXORV \ GHO
3DFWRGH6DQ-RVpGH&RVWD5LFDSRUWDQWRFRUUHVSRQGHFRQILUPDUODVHQWHQFLD
DSHODGDUHFKD]DQGRODSHUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGGHOD PDGUHELROyJLFDFRQ
UHVSHFWRDVXKLMR9RWRGHODPD\RUtD
PATRIA POTESTAD:Pérdida
-85,6358'(1&,$&,9,/<&20(5&,$/
6HUHFKD]DHOSHGLGRGHODSHUGLGDGHODSDWULDSRWHVWDGGHOD PDGUHELROyJLFD
FRQ UHVSHFWR D VX KLMR SRU QR KDEHUVH FRPSUREDGR OD FDXVDO GH DEDQGRQR
FRPR WDPSRFR OD FDXVDO GH HMHPSORV R FRQVHMRV LQPRUDOHV R FRORFDUORV D
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A.I.Nº 204/2002
RECURSO DE CASACIÓN: Objeto
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AUTORÍAPrueba de homicidio
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libertad de buscar, recibir y difundir informaciones e ideas de dota índole, sin
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derecho previsto en el inciso precedente no puede estar sujeto a previa censura, sino
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demás, o b) La protección de la seguridad nacional, el orden público o a la salud o la
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GARCETE S/ HÁBEAS CORPUS”.
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solo obra el A.I. Nº 6 de fecha 3 de marzo de 2000, donde se instruyó sumario y se
decreta la detención preventiva del imputado Blas Zárate Garcete, no habiendo auto
de prisión en su contra ni constancia del cumplimiento de su detención en autos. A fs.
103, obra que el citado se encuentra guardando reclusión en la Penitenciaría
Nacional desde fecha 9 de mayo de 2002. Es mi informe. As. 31.12.2002”.
Así mismo, a fojas 25 de autos, obra el Informe elevado por el Director de la
Penitenciaría Nacional, Abog. Teodosio Silva, en el cual señala: “con relación al
Oficio S.J. II Nº 105, de fecha 20 de diciembre de 2002, referente a la competencia del
%DUULRV ±6FULD encausado Blás Nelson Zárate Garcete, a fin de presentarle a la
citada persona con el siguiente informe: Guarda Reclusión en una institución
penitenciaria desde el 9 de mayo de 2002, en los autos caratulados: “Blás Zárate
Garcete, Darío Zárate, Diógenes Martínez, José Darío Garcete y un tal Tinti sobre
Supuestos Hechos Punibles contra los Bienes de las Personas (Robo), Capital”, y
remitido a esta por el Juzgado Penal de Liquidación y Sentencia Número Cuatro a
cargo del Juez Carlos Ortiz Javier González Cruz”.
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ACUERDO Y SENTENCIA N° 56/2003
ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD: Admisibilidad
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“LINO CÉSAR OVIEDO SILVA S/
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DE
REVISIÓN INTERPUESTO POR LA
DEFENSORA PÚBLICA DEL SEGUNDO
TURNO DE LA CORDILLERA, ABOG.
HYPATIA CAMARASA EN: C.R.D.V. Y
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EXPEDIENTE:
“RECURSO
DE
REVISIÓN INTERPUESTO POR EL
DEFENSOR PUBLICO ABOG. CARLOS
FLORES CARTES EN LOS AUTOS
CARATULADOS: MELANIO SANCHES
NEGRETE
S/
TRÁFICO
DE
ESTUPEFACIENTES”.
ACUERDO Y SENTENCIA NÚMERO NOVECIENTOS CINCUENTA Y TRES
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)RUHQVHGHOD&RUWH6XSUHPDGH-XVWLFLDGDEDFXHQWDTXH “M.A.L.P. es un menor de
aproximadamente 16 años de edad, sexo masculino, quien se orienta bien en el tiempo
y en el espacio. Su percepción alopsíquica, autopsíquica y somatopsíquica es
correcta. Ello significa que percibe con claridad lo que ocurre en su entorno, dentro
de sí y en el perímetro de su cuerpo. Al examen clínico no se detectan signos ni
síntomas de patologías ruidosas en el sistema neuroendócrino. Su psicomotricidad
está conservada”.
'H HVWD IRUPD HO DXWRU KD DFWXDGR FRQ GROR SXHV FRQRFtD FRPR VHJXUR HO
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TXH HQ HO $UW SUHVFULEH “Al entrar en vigencia la presente ley, los
Tribunales y la Corte Suprema de Justicia, según el caso, deberán revisar de oficio la
totalidad de los procesos a su cargo, de acuerdo a las reglas siguientes:... b) Los
procesos en trámite, con base en hechos regulados como delito o crimen, contra
adolescentes que al momento de la comisión del hecho, su edad estuviere
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comprendida entre los catorce y dieciocho años, continuarán tramitándose conforme
a lo dispuesto en la presente ley y se resolverán de acuerdo a la misma;...... Si el
proceso se encontrase en segunda instancia o en la Corte Suprema de Justicia,
continuará tramitándose el recurso conforme a las disposiciones del Código Procesal
Penal, aplicando la presente ley en todo lo que sea favorable al procesado.”
'HO SOH[R GHO QXHYR RUGHQDPLHQWR VXUJH FODUDPHQWH TXH HO SHQVDPLHQWR
('8&$7,92 GRPLQD ODV VDQFLRQHV TXH GHEHQ VHU DGRSWDGDV D ILQ GH FRQGXFLU DO
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IXQGDPHQWDED OD ILQDOLGDG GH ODV VDQFLRQHV GLFLHQGR “El menor delincuente es, las
mas de las veces, un niño que no ha tenido hogar o que se ha formado en un hogar
vicioso, moral y materialmente abandonado, y para quien lo único acertado y
eficiente consiste en suministrarle la disciplina educativa de que se ha visto privado”.
/D ILQDOLGDG HGXFDWLYD GH ODV VDQFLRQHV GLPDQD EiVLFDPHQWH GH OD QRUPDWLYD
FXDVLFRQVWLWXFLRQDO&RQYHQFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOVREUHORV'HUHFKRVGHO1LxRTXHHQHO
$UW SUHVFULEH ³Los Estados Partes reconocen el derecho de todo niño que sea
considerado, acusado o declarado culpable de infringir las leyes penales a ser tratado de
manera acorde con el fomento de su sentido de la dignidad y el valor, que fortalezca el
respeto del niño por los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales de terceros y
en la que se tenga en cuenta la edad del niño y la importancia de promover la
reintegración del niño y de que éste asuma una función constructiva en la sociedad.”
5HLWHURHOSHQVDPLHQWRHGXFDWLYR\DFHGHQWURGHODVDQFLyQ
2WUR SULQFLSLR TXH VXUJH GH OD QRUPD LQWHUQDFLRQDO HV TXH ODV PHGLGDV GHEHQ
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REMHWLYRVGHODMXVWLFLDGHPHQRUHV³El sistema de justicia de menores hará hincapié
en el bienestar de estos y garantizará que cualquier respuesta a los menores
delincuentes será proporcional a las circunstancias del delincuente y del delito”. /D
5HJODQ~PHUR\EDMRHOWtWXOR³3ULQFLSLRVUHFWRUHVGHODVHQWHQFLD\ODUHVROXFLyQ´
HVWDEOHFH “La decisión de la autoridad competente se ajustará a los siguientes
principios: a) la respuesta que se de al delito será siempre proporcionada, no solo a
las circunstancias y la gravedad del delito, sino también a las circunstancias y
necesidades del menor así como a las necesidades de la sociedad; b) las restricciones
a la libertad personal del menor se impondrán solo tras cuidadoso estudio y se
reducirán al mínimo posible; c) solo se impondrá la privación de libertad personal en
el caso de que el menor sea condenado por un acto grave en el que concurra violencia
contra persona o por la reincidencia en cometer otros delitos graves, y siempre que
no haya otra respuesta adecuada; d) en el examen de los casos se considerará
primordial el bienestar del menor”.
(O&yGLJRGHOD1LxH]\OD$GROHVFHQFLDUHLWHUDHVWRVSULQFLSLRVDOHVWDEOHFHUHQ
HO$UW “La medida privativa de libertad consiste en la internación del adolescente
en un establecimiento especial, destinado a fomentar su educación y su adaptación a
una vida sin delinquir. La medida será decretada solo cuando: a) las medidas
socioeducativas y las medidas correccionales no sean suficientes para la educación
del condenado; b) la internación sea recomendable por el grado de reprochabilidad
de su conducta; ...” $3/,&$&,Ï1'(/3$&72'(6$1-26e'(&267$5,&$325Ï5*$126-85,6',&&,21$/(6
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