Omar Rinczn, profesor colombiano asociado al Departamento de

3QEV6MRGzRTVSJIWSVGSPSQFMERSEWSGMEHS
EP(ITEVXEQIRXSHI'SQYRMGEGMzRHIPE
9RMZIVWMHEH.EZIVMERE](MVIGXSVHIP'IRXVSHI
'SQTIXIRGMEIR'SQYRMGEGMzR'TEVE%QqVMGE
0EXMREEREPMWXEHIQIHMSWHIGSQYRMGEGMzR
HIPHMEVMS)P8MIQTSHI&SKSXj
)
M$BNQPEFMB$PNVOJDBDJÓOQBSFDJFTFVO
OPMVHBSVOFTDFOBSJPTJONFNPSJBTJO
JEFOUJEBETJOEJGFSFODJBBOÓOJNPEFTEFTÎ
NJTNPZBRVFQBSBRVJFOMPQJFOTBSFëFYJP
OBTJFOUFZIBDFQBSFDJFTFRVFOPFYJTUJFSB
4VTFOUJEPUJFOEFBMMFHBSMFEFMBGVFSBEFM
BDBEÊNJDPMFHJUJNBEPQBSBQFOTBSZEFTEF
BGVFSBQSPEVDFFMDBQJUBMDVMUVSBM-B$PNV
OJDBDJÓODPNP$BNQPIBBERVJSJEPTJHOJ
êDBEPQPSRVFRVJFOMPQJFOTBWJFOFEFVO
MVHBSNFNPSJBEFQFOTBNJFOUP
"FTUFDBNQPBDBEÊNJDPZDVMUVSBMMMFHBO
MBTEJWFSTBT$JFODJBT4PDJBMFTZ)VNBOBT
MPTFOTBZJTUBTMJUFSBSJPTMPTQPMÎUJDPTZTV
EJTDVSTPMPTUFDOÓMPHPTFNPDJPOBEPTZ
MPTNFSDBEFSFTEFMGVUVSPMMFHBOUPEPTMPT
TBCFSFTFYQFSJFODJBTQSÃDUJDBTDVMUVSBMFTZ
EJDFOZBêSNBOZCBMCVDFBOTPCSFFMMBEFTEF
FMBGVFSBEFMBDPNVOJDBDJÓOTFEFDJEFRVF
FTFMMBNJTNBQBSBRVÊTJSWFDÓNPTFEFCF
IBDFSZDVÃMFTTVMVHBSTPDJBMTVJEFOUJEBE
TVNFNPSJBTVGVUVSP
&M$BNQPEFMB$PNVOJDBDJÓOFTVOOPMV
HBSBEPOEFUPEPTMMFHBOQBSBIBDFSMBMVHBS
NFNPSJBMVHBSJEFOUJEBEMVHBSTFOUJEP-PT
EFBEFOUSPEFMDBNQPMPTDPNVOJDBEPSFTBT
TJOFNCBSHPDSFFNPTRVFFTVOMVHBSFOTÎ
NJTNPRVFMB$PNVOJDBDJÓOTJFYJTUFUJFOF
BVUPOPNÎBTBCFSQSÃDUJDBFYQFSJFODJB
QSPQVFTUBFTNÃTIFNPTBQPTUBEPQPSÊM
BTVNJNPTFMSFUPEFDPOTUSVJSMPMPDPOWFSUJ
NPTFOMVHBSUFÓSJDPQSÃDUJDPMVHBSTFOUJEP
MVHBSFYQFSJFODJBFTUÊUJDBZOBSSBUJWBwQFSP
EFTEFEFOUSPwEFTEFMPRVFFTUFFTTJHOJêDB
IBDFZUSBOTGPSNB&TUFUFYUPRVJFSFTFSVO
BMFHBUPQPSMB$PNVOJDBDJÓODPNP$BNQP
DPOMFHJUJNJEBEEFTEFBEFOUSP
&OCVTDBEFFTUF$BNQP
+FTÙT.BSUÎO#BSCFSPFTFMNBFTUSPRVFOPT
IBHVJBEPFOFMQFOTBNJFOUPFJOWFTUJHBDJÓO
EFMBDPNVOJDBDJÓO$POÊMBQSFOEJNPT
RVFFYJTUFZUJFOFQPUFODJBMFYQMJDBUJWPFO
MBTPDJFEBE1SJNFSPOPTFOTFÒÓRVFEFUSÃT
EFMBDPNVOJDBDJÓOIBZQPEFSMVFHPRVFMP
JNQPSUBOUFFTUÃFOMPTQSPDFTPTNÃTUBS
EFOPTJOTJTUJÓFOHBOBSFMIPSJ[POUFEFMB
DVMUVSBDPNPNBSDPJOUFSQSFUBUJWPZBMêOBM
OPTIBHVJBEPIBDJBQFOTBSMBTTVCKFUJWJEBEFT
ZTFOTJCJMJEBEFTFOKVFHPFOFMFDPTJTUFNB
DPNVOJDBUJWP0USPDPMPNCJBOPGVOEBNFO
UBMFJNQSFTDJOEJCMFFT(FSNÃO3FZÊMOPT
FOTFÒÓBTFSJSSFWFSFOUFTFOFMBCPSEBKFEF
MBDPNVOJDBDJÓOBMJNBHJOBSTFDPNQSFOTJP
OFTEFTEFFMEFTBODMBKFEFMBJEFOUJEBEZMPT
ëVKPTEFMBTGPSNBTUFDOPMÓHJDBT­MFODPOUSÓ
EFOTJEBEFOMB57QBSBWFSNÃTQBÎTZTVKF
UPTTPDJBMFTRVFFOPUSPTUFYUPTOPTNPTUSÓ
FMFTQFDUÃDVMPDPNPFTUSBUFHJBEFSFBDPNPEP
FOMBQPMÎUJDBZQPTJCJMJEBEEFTBMJEBBMBDSJTJT
EFTFOUJEPQPMÎUJDPEFOVFTUSBTTPDJFEBEFTw
4PNPTFTPTGSBHNFOUPTQFSPQBSBHBOBSVOB
OVFWBGPSNBPOVFWBJEFOUJEBEMB$PNVOJ
DBDJÓO
.BUBSBMQBESF
&MDBNJOPEFMBQSFOEJ[BKFZCÙTRVFEBEFMB
JEFOUJEBEIBTJEPSFDPSSJEP)FNPTQBHBEP
FMEFSFDIPEFQJTPTÓMPOPTRVFEBNBUBS
BMQBESF%FKBSBUSÃTBMQBESF4PDJPMPHÎB
RVFOPTJNQVMTÓBQFOTBSFOMBTGPSNBTEF
QPEFSZMBTHSVQBMJEBEFTBCBOEPOBSBMQBESF
'JMPTPGÎBRVFFYJHFTVBWBMQBSBDPNQSFOEFS
FMTFOUJEPEFMPDPNVOJDBUJWPIVJSEFMQBESF
1TJDPMPHÎBRVFOPTWJWFEJDJFOEPEFJOUFSBD
DJPOFTZIVNBOJ[BDJPOFTEFMBWJEBFWJUBS
BMQBESF)JTUPSJBRVFRVJFSFIBDFSOPTDSFFS
RVFMBDPNVOJDBDJÓOFTTÓMPPUSBGPSNBEF
FMMBNJTNBPQFPSEFTVTBVTFODJBTEFTDSFFS
EFMB4FNJPMPHÎBZ&TUVEJPT-JOHÛÎTUJDPT
DPNPMPTNÊUPEPTRVFOPTBTJHOBOVOMVHBS
QSPQJPQBSBWJWJSFWJUBSBMQBESF5FDOPMPHÎB
F*OGPSNÃUJDBRVFOPTUJFOFFODBOUBEPTDPO
MPTBQBSBUPTZPMWJEBEPTEFMPTEJTDVSTPTZ
OBSSBUJWBT
5FOFNPTRVFNBUBSBMQBESFZBQSFOEFSB
WJWJSDPOMPRVFTPNPTHBOBSBVUPFTUJNB
TPDJBMZBDBEÊNJDBBêSNBSOVFTUSPMVHBS
FOFTUFNVOEPRVFOPFTDJFODJBWFSJêDBCMF
RVFOPRVJFSFTFSBSUFEFTVCKFUJWJEBEFTRVF
OPMFJOUFSFTBRVFEBSTFFOPêDJPEFIBDFS
'SRXMREIRPETjKMRE