Lake Titicaca Lake Titicaca - Ministerio de la Producción

GLOW IV - 2-4 August
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Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca is the bigger fresh water
lake of south America and the higher of
the world (3814 m).
Area: 8400 km2
Volume : 893 km3
Coast line : 1.125 km
Basin area : 58.000 km2
-Residence time - water : 70 yr
-Residence time - conservative nonvolatile constituents : 1.343 yr
(Kessler and Moqheim, 1968, Richerson et al, 77 )
Basins:
Lago Menor o Huiñaymarca (1.400 km2)
Lago Mayor o Chucuito (7.000 km2)
Separates by Tiquina strait.
Type: Lago Mayor – Oligotrophic
Lago Menor – Meso/Eutrophic
There are 87 islands with a total surface
of 100 km2 (58 in Lago Mayor, and 29 in
Lago Menor).
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Mean lake level: 3814 m
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Maximum depth 275 m
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Evaporation
93.93%
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Precipitation
55.5%
Volume change
0.97%
River input
44.73%
Desaguadero
0.83%
Arapa lagoon
exchange
0.27%
Underground input 0.13%
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Declaux et al 2007
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Titicaca basin - Monthly precipitation
(From: Yamina Silva - Instituto Geofísico del Perú)
300
Lagunillas
Juliaca
250
mm/month
200
150
100
50
0
79 80 81 82 83
84 85 86 87 88
Temperature Niño 3
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
Negative anomaly
during
El Niño events (1983,
1992)
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El Niño years
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Analysis and data collection
Historic Data
Continuous
monitoring of:
- Environmental
variables
- Biological
processes
Base line
Models
Results
GIS
Data Assimilation
Atmospheric forcing
Hydrodynamic
WRF
FVCOM
Ecosystem
- Ecofisiology
Data
Analysis
CC Model
- Organic load
- Water quality
Ecofisiology
New data
Scenarios
Data Base
Recommendations
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Meteorological stations
(red)
P1
P2
M1
Water level (blue)
M3
Islands:
Uros, Taquile,Soto and del Sol
•Temperature
•Relative humidity
•Solar radiation (total & PAR)
•Atmospheric pressure
•Wind (Int & Direction)
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M4
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P3
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Example of data collected in meteorological station of Uros and Pomata
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Temperature profiles
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Chlorophyll a concentrations in the surface
waters of Lake Titicaca, 27 October 1982.
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Chlorophyll a concentrations in surface
waters – MODIS Monthly mean October
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Chlorophyll a concentrations in surface
waters of Lake Titicaca, 27 October 1982.
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Seasonal characteristics of Bahia de Puno
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Seasonal characteristics of Lago Grande
Chlorophyll a levels at 5 m ( ) and percentage chlorophyll passing through a 10um filter (% ultraplankton),( ).
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Monthly mean of
a) wind speed,
nebulosity,
b) net solar radiation,
c) temperature,
d) Saturation water
vapour pressure,
partial pressure of
water vapour, and
their difference
(mbar).
Puno (1964-1978)
Declaux et al 2007
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