1. THE EARTH´S ATMOSPHERE

4. THE ATMOSPHERE.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
1
Introduction.
1. How was the atmosphere formed?
2. Why is it necessary for our planet?
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
2
Introduction.
3. Why is air important for living things?
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
3
Introduction.
4. What are the main atmospheric phenomena?
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
4
1. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE
ATMOSPHERE.
The atmosphere is the gaseous layer that surrounds the
Earth. In addition to gases, the atmosphere contains solid
particles in suspension.
1.1 GASEOUS STATE.
In a gaseous state, particles move in all directions and
occupy all the available space.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
5
1.2 THE ORIGIN OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERE: When the Earth first formed, the
atmosphere was composed of:
DUST CLOUDS.
GASES.
WATER VAPOUR FROM VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
6
1.2 THE ORIGIN OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
As the Earth cooled down, the water vapour in the
atmosphere condensed and started to fall as precipitation.
This process led to the first seas and oceans where life
probably began.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
7
1. THE EARTH´S ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION,
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.
CURRENT ATMOSPHERE: Later the atmosphere also
included oxygen from photosynthesis.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
8
4 PAGE 67.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
9
1.3 COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
Nowadays, the air we breathe is composed of:
The original natural components.
Additional gases and smoke from industry, cars…
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
10
1.3 COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
11
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
EXOSPHERE: extends from approximately 500 km until it
fades into outer space. It has a very low concentration of
gases, almost non existent. This layer is where artificial
satellites are located.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
12
1. THE EARTH´S ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION.
Thermosphere or Ionosphere.
It does not contain many gases.
It reflects radio and tv waves.
Northern lights.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
13
1. THE EARTH´S ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION.
Mesosphere.
In this layer the
temperature descends to 100ºC. This is where small
meteorites disintegrate
This is where small
meteorites disintegrate.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
14
1. THE EARTH´S ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION.
Stratosphere.
Ozone layer hole.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
15
1. THE EARTH´S ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION.
Troposphere.
Most meteorological phenomena occur here.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
16
6, 7, 8 PAGE 69.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
17
2. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FOR LIVING
THINGS.
The air contains some of the raw materials necessary for
life: water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen.
1) WATER VAPOUR condenses and forms clouds, which
provide water for living things through rainfall.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
18
2. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FOR LIVING
THINGS.
2) OXYGEN is necessary for respiration.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
19
2. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FOR LIVING
THINGS.
3) CARBON DIOXIDE is necessary for photosynthesis.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
20
2. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FOR LIVING
THINGS.
3) CARBON DIOXIDE maintain the optimal temperature
for life to develop, thanks to the greenhouse effect.
4) NITROGEN is essential for the construction of
proteins.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
21
2.2 ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA PRODUCED BY WATER VAPOUR.
Air contains water vapour because of:
Evaporation: from the surface of seas, lakes and oceans.
Transpiration from plants.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
22
2.2 ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA PRODUCED BY WATER VAPOUR.
HUMIDITY: is the amount of water vapour in a specific
amount of air.
The amount of water vapour in the air varies depending
on:
-The place.
-The time of day.
-And the temperature.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
23
2.2 ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA PRODUCED BY WATER VAPOUR.
When air cannot contain any more water vapour we say
it is saturated.
The saturated point is the maximum amount of water
vapor that a unit of air volume can contain without
condensation ocurring.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
24
2.2.1. ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA DUE TO CONDENSATION AND PRECIPITATION.
Atmospheric phenomena occur in the troposphere.
They are responsible for changes in the weather. The
wind and water vapour in the air can cause these
phenomena.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
25
ACTIVITIES 12 PAGE 71.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
26
3. AIR POLLUTION.
AIR POLLUTION. Human activities alter the composition
of the air and introduce possibly harmful gases and
particles.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
27
3. AIR POLLUTION.
AIR POLLUTION IS THE ALTERATION OF THE NORMAL
COMPOSITION OF AIR BECAUSE OF THE PRESENCE OF FORMS
OF ENERGY AND PARTICLES OF MATTER, WHICH CAN BE
HARMFUL FOR LIVING THINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
28
3.1 TYPES OF POLLUTANTS.
Natural pollutants are generated by natural phenomena,
without human intervention. For example, the dust in deserts
or the pollen by plants.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
29
3.1 TYPES OF POLLUTANTS.
Artificial pollutants are generated by human activity. They
are classified according to their origin, as physical or chemical.
-Electromagnetic radiation.
-Noise.
-Radioactivity.
-Chemical pollutants.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
30
3.2 CONSECUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION.
At a global level, air pollutants are responsible for ACID
RAIN. Nitrogen and sulphur oxides, gases released by
industry, combine with water vapour and form acids.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
31
3.2 CONSECUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION.
In Ecosystems, polluting substances destroy natural
habitats.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
32
3.2 CONSECUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION.
At an individual level, pollution can be the origin of
respiratory problems and other disorders, such as insomnia
and headaches or even damage to nervous, hormonal and
immune systems.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
33
ACTIVITIES 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. PAGE 72 AND 73.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
34
4. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
1) Earth´s
surface
absorbs solar
radiation and
heats up.
2) Some
radiation is
reflected.
3) Not all the
excess
radiation
reaches outer
space. CO2 y
H20 reflect
some
radiation
35
back.
4. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
36
4. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
37
4. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
4.1 CAUSES:
-The burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, for
industry, heating systems and vehicles.
-The destruction of forests, which has reduced the
amount of photosynthetic organisms that absorb CO2
from the atmosphere.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
38
4. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
4.2 CONSECUENCES:
The increase in the greenhouse effect causes an
increase in the average temperature of the planet.
This process ins known as GLOBAL WARMING.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
39
An increase in the greenhouse effect.
Consequences:
-The direct consequence of an increase of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere is global warming: an increase in the
global temperature of the planet.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
40
ACTIVITIES 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. PAGE 74 AND 75.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
41
5. THE OZONE LAYER.
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE OZONE LAYER. The use of CFC
gases was gradually destroying the ozone layer. These
gases are forbidden and they were often used in fridges,
aerosols and air conditioning units.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
42
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE OZONE LAYER.
Consequences:
-A decrease in the number of algae, plankton…
-An increase in skin cancer.
-A reduction in our defences against allergies…
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
43
6.1 Consequences of changes in the composition of the
atmosphere.
THERE IS GOOD NEWS ABOUT THE OZONE LAYER.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
44
LISTENING 25, 26, 27. PAGE 76 AND 77.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
45
FINAL TASK.
Page 81.
REALIZADO POR JOSE ANTONIO LUNA
MORILLO
46