03-Cantidad en Química

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5HVROXFLyQGH&XHVWLRQHV
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6DELHQGRTXHODPDVDPROHFXODUGHKLGUyJHQRHV\ODGHOR[tJHQRFRQWHVWH
UD]RQDGDPHQWHDODVVLJXLHQWHVFXHVWLRQHV
D¢4XpRFXSDUiPiVYROXPHQXQPROGHKLGUyJHQRR XQPROGHR[tJHQRHQODV
PLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHSUHVLyQ\WHPSHUDWXUD"
E¢4XpWHQGUiPiVPDVDXQPROGHKLGUyJHQRRXQPROGHR[tJHQR"
F¢'yQGHKDEUiPiVPROpFXODVHQXQPROGHKLGUyJHQRRHQXQPROGHR[tJHQR"
Solución
D'HVSHMDQGRHOYROXPHQGHODHFXDFLyQGHORVJDVHVSHUIHFWRV
QĊ5Ċ7
S
(OYROXPHQGHKLGUyJHQR\GHR[tJHQRDOVHUQXQPROHQDPERVFDVRV\VHUS
\7LJXDOHVVHUiHOPLVPR
9
E$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO
PRO+≡ĊPROpFXODV+≡J
PRO2≡ĊPROpFXODV2≡J
3RUWDQWRODPDVDGHXQPROGHR[tJHQRHVVXSHULRUDODPDVDGHXQPROGH
KLGUyJHQR
F&RPRVHKDYLVWRHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUHQDPERVKD\HOPLVPRQ~PHURGH
PROpFXODV
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
(Q P GH PHWDQR &+ PHGLGR HQ FRQGLFLRQHV QRUPDOHV GH SUHVLyQ \
WHPSHUDWXUDFDOFXOH
D(OQ~PHURGHPROHVGHPHWDQR
E(OQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGHPHWDQR
F(OQ~PHURGHiWRPRVGHKLGUyJHQR
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
Solución
D$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHYROXPHQPRODU\FRPRP /FDOFXODPRVHO
Q~PHURGHPROHVGHPHWDQRGHODVLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQ
/PHWDQR /
=
[ PROHVGHPHWDQR
PROPHWDQR
[
E $SOLFDQGR HO FRQFHSWR GH PRO HO Q~PHUR GH PROpFXODV GH PHWDQR SXHGH
FDOFXODUVHGHODVLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQ
PRO&+
PROHV
=
Ċ PROpFXODV&+
[
[ ·ĊPROpFXODVGHPHWDQR
F(QFDGDPROpFXODGHPHWDQRKD\FXDWURiWRPRVGHKLGUyJHQRSRUWDQWR
QžGHiWRPRVGH+ [·ĊiW ·ĊiWGHKLGUyJHQR
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
(Q·PROHVGH&2FDOFXOH
D(OQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGH&2
E/DPDVDGH&2
F(OQ~PHURWRWDOGHiWRPRV
Datos.Masas atómicas: C = 12; O = 16.
Solución
D &RPR HQ XQ PRO GH GLy[LGR GH FDUERQR KD\ HO Q~PHUR GH $YRJDGUR GH
PROpFXODVGHGLy[LGRGHFDUERQRHQ·PROHVKDEUi
PRO&2
PROHV
=
Ċ PROpFXODV&2
[
[ ·ĊPROpFXODVGH&2
E/DPDVDGHGLy[LGRGHFDUERQRVHUi
0P&2 J
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
PRO&2 PROHV
=
[ JGH&2 J&2
[
F&RPRHQFDGDPROpFXODKD\WUHViWRPRVXQRGHFDUERQR\GRVGHR[tJHQRHO
Q~PHURWRWDOGHiWRPRVVHUi
PRO&2
PROHV
=
[
Ċ iWRPRV
[
[ ·ĊiWRPRV
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
5D]RQHTXpFDQWLGDGGHODVVLJXLHQWHVVXVWDQFLDVWLHQHPD\RUQ~PHURGHiWRPRV
D·PROHVGH62
EJUDPRVGHQLWUyJHQRPROHFXODU
F·OLWURVGHJDVKHOLRHQFRQGLFLRQHVQRUPDOHVGHSUHVLyQ\WHPSHUDWXUD
Datos.Masas atómicas: N = 14; O = 16; S = 32.
Solución
&DOFXODPRVHOQ~PHURGHiWRPRVHQFDGDDSDUWDGR
D$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO\FRPRHQFDGDPROpFXODGHGLy[LGRGHD]XIUH
KD\WUHViWRPRVXQRGHD]XIUH\GRVGHR[tJHQR
0P62 J
PRO62
PROHV
=
[ Ċ iWRPRV [
Ċ iWRPRV
[
E&RPRHQFDGDPROpFXODGHQLWUyJHQRKD\GRViWRPRVGHQLWUyJHQRHOQ~PHUR
GHHVWRVVHUi
0P1 J
J1
J
[ < iWRPRV =
[
Ċ iWRPRV
[
F$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHYROXPHQPRODUHOQ~PHURGHiWRPRVGHKHOLRSXHGH
FDOFXODUVHGHODVLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQ
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
/+H
/
=
[ Ċ iWRPRV
Ċ iWRPRV
[
3RUWDQWRODFDQWLGDGTXHWLHQHPDViWRPRVHV·/GHKHOLR
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5D]RQHVLVRQYHUGDGHUDVRIDOVDVODVVLJXLHQWHVDILUPDFLRQHV
D 'RV PDVDV LJXDOHV GH ORV HOHPHQWRV $ \ % FRQWLHQHQ HO PLVPR Q~PHUR GH
iWRPRV
E/DPDVDDWyPLFDGHXQHOHPHQWRHVODPDVDHQJUDPRVGHXQiWRPRGHGLFKR
HOHPHQWR
F(OQ~PHURGHiWRPRVTXHKD\HQJGHR[tJHQRDWyPLFRHVLJXDODOQ~PHURGH
PROpFXODVTXHKD\HQJGHR[tJHQRPROHFXODU
Solución
D )DOVD SRUTXH ODV PDVDV TXH FRQWLHQHQ HO PLVPR Q~PHUR GH iWRPRV GH
DFXHUGRFRQHOFRQFHSWRGHPROVHULDQXQDPDVDGHOHOHPHQWR$LJXDOD0P$\
XQDPDVDGHOHOHPHQWR%LJXDOD0P%\VLHPSUHDOVHUGRVHOHPHQWRVGLVWLQWRV
0P$HVGLIHUHQWHGH0P%
E )DOVD SRUTXH HV OD PDVD H[SUHVDGD HQ JUDPRV GH · Ċ iWRPRV GH
GLFKRHOHPHQWRHVGHFLUGHXQPROGHiWRPRV
F$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPROFDOFXODPRVHOQ~PHURGHiWRPRVVDELHQGRTXH
0P2 J
JGH2
J
=
[ Ċ iWRPRVGH2
Ċ iW2
[
&DOFXODPRVHOQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGH2VDELHQGRTXH0P2 JGHOD
VLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQ
J2
J
=
[ Ċ PROpFXODVGH2
Ċ PROpFXODV2
[
3RUWDQWRODDILUPDFLyQHVYHUGDGHUD
&XHVWLyQ
D¢&XiOHVODPDVDH[SUHVDGDHQJUDPRVGHXQiWRPRGHVRGLR"
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
E¢&XiQWRViWRPRVGHDOXPLQLRKD\HQ·JGHHVWHHOHPHQWR"
F¢&XiQWDVPROpFXODVKD\HQXQDPXHVWUDTXHFRQWLHQH·JGHWHWUDFORUXURGH
FDUERQR"
Datos.Masas atómicas: C = 12; Na = 23; Al = 27; Cl = 35’5.
Solución
D$SOLFDPRVHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO
PRO1D≡ĊiWRPRV1D≡J
3RUWDQWR
1iW1D =
J
= Ċ JiW1D
Ċ DW
E(OQ~PHURGHiWRPRVGHDOXPLQLRSXHGHFDOFXODUVHGHODVLJXLHQWHH[SUHVLyQ
0P$O J
J$O
J$O
[ Ċ iWRPRVGH$O
=
Ċ iW$O
[
F$SOLFDPRVHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO
0P&O & J
PRO&O &≡ĊPROpFXODV&O &≡J
3RUWDQWR J&O&
J
=
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[
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5D]RQHVLVRQYHUGDGHUDVRIDOVDVODVDILUPDFLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV
D /D PDVD GH XQ LRQ PRQRYDOHQWH SRVLWLYR HV PHQRU TXH OD GHO iWRPR
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
E(OQ~PHURDWyPLFRGHXQLRQPRQRYDOHQWHSRVLWLYRHVPHQRUTXHHOGHOiWRPR
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
F (Q XQ JUDPR GH FXDOTXLHU HOHPHQWR KD\ PiV iWRPRV TXH KDELWDQWHV WLHQH OD
7LHUUD
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
Solución
D9HUGDGHUDSRUTXHHOLRQPRQRYDOHQWHSRVLWLYRWLHQHXQHOHFWUyQPHQRVTXH
HOiWRPRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH\SRUWDQWRVXPDVDVHUiPHQRUHQ·Ċ.JTXH
HV OD PDVD DWULEXLGD DO HOHFWUyQ $KRUD ELHQ GDGR TXH ODV PDVDV DWULEXLGDV DO
SURWyQ \ DO QHXWUyQ VRQ GHO RUGHQ GH YHFHV VXSHULRUHV D OD PDVD GHO
HOHFWUyQODPDVDGHXQLyQPRQRYDOHQWHSRVLWLYRHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHODPLVPD
TXHODGHOiWRPRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
E)DOVDSRUTXHHOQ~PHURDWyPLFRHVHOQ~PHURGHSURWRQHVGHOQ~FOHR\pVWH
QR YDUtD HQ HO LyQ PRQRYDOHQWH SRVLWLYR TXH VH GLIHUHQFLD GHO iWRPR
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHHQTXHKDSHUGLGRXQHOHFWUyQ
F(QXQPROGHiWRPRVGHFXDOTXLHUHOHPHQWRKD\·ĊiWRPRV&RPROD
PDVD PRODU GHORV HOHPHQWRV HVWi FRPSUHQGLGD HQWUH \ PHQRV GH HQ XQ
JUDPR GH HOHPHQWR KDEUtD HQWUH · Ċ iWRPRV \ [ 3RU WDQWR OD
DILUPDFLyQHVYHUGDGHUD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
8QYDVRFRQWLHQHP/GHDJXD&DOFXOH
D&XiQWRVPROHVGHDJXDKD\HQHOYDVR
E&XiQWDVPROpFXODVGHDJXDKD\HQHOYDVR
F&XiQWRViWRPRVGHKLGUyJHQR\R[tJHQRKD\HQHOYDVR
Datos.Masas atómicas: H = 1; O = 16.
Solución
D+D\TXHFRQVLGHUDUTXHDOVHUODGHQVLGDGGHODJXDJP/HOYDVRFRQWLHQH
WDPELpQJGHDJXD&RPR0P+2 JHOQ~PHURGHPROHVVHUi
J
QžPROHV+ =
= PROHV+ JPRO
E $SOLFDQGR HO FRQFHSWR GH PRO FDOFXODUHPRV HO Q~PHUR GH PROpFXODV HQ HO
YDVR
PRO+ PROHV
[ Ċ PROpFXODVGH+ =
Ċ PROpFXODV+ [
F &RPR FDGD PROpFXOD GH DJXD WLHQH XQ iWRPR GH R[tJHQR \ GRV iWRPRV GH
KLGUyJHQR\FRPRWHQHPRV·ĊPROpFXODVGHDJXD
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
QžiW2 [·Ċ ·ĊiWRPRVGHR[tJHQR
QžiW+ [·Ċ ·ĊiWRPRVGHKLGUyJHQR
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5D]RQHVLODVVLJXLHQWHVDILUPDFLRQHVVRQFRUUHFWDVRQR
FJGH1+RFXSDQHQFRQGLFLRQHVQRUPDOHVXQYROXPHQGH·OLWURV
E(QJ1+KD\·PROpFXODV
F(QJGH2KD\·×iWRPRVGHR[tJHQR
Datos.Masas atómicas: H = 1; N = 14; O = 16.
Solución
D'HDFXHUGRFRQODKLSyWHVLVGH$YRJDGURXQPROGHDPRQtDFRHQFRQGLFLRQHV
QRUPDOHV RFXSD · / 3RU WDQWR OD DILUPDFLyQ HV FRUUHFWD \D TXH 0P 1+ J
E$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO
PRO1+≡J1+≡ĊPROpFXODV1+
3RUWDQWRODDILUPDFLyQHVFRUUHFWD
F &RPR HQ XQD PROpFXOD GH 2 KD\ iWRPRV GH R[tJHQR HQ J GH 2 HO
Q~PHURGHiWRPRVGHR[tJHQRVHUi
PRO2≡J2≡ĊPROpFXODV2≡[ĊiWRPRV2
3RUWDQWRODDILUPDFLyQQRHVFRUUHFWD
&XHVWLyQ
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(QOLWURVGHKLGUyJHQR\HQOLWURVR[tJHQRDPERVHQODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHV
GHSUHVLyQ\WHPSHUDWXUDKD\
D(OPLVPRQ~PHURGHPROHV
E,GpQWLFDPDVDGHDPERV
F(OPLVPRQ~PHURGHiWRPRV
,QGLTXHVLVRQFRUUHFWDVRQRHVWDVDILUPDFLRQHVUD]RQDQGRODVUHVSXHVWDV
Solución
D'HVSHMDQGRHOQ~PHURGHPROHVGHODHFXDFLyQGHORVJDVHVSHUIHFWRV
SĊ9
Q=
5Ċ7
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
$SOLFDQGRHVWDH[SUHVLyQDODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHOHQXQFLDGR
SĊ/
SĊ/
Q+ =
Q2 =
;
57
57
/XHJR Q+ = Q2 Por tanto, hay el mismo número de moles y la afirmación es
correcta.
b) Como la 0P+HVGLVWLQWDGHla 0P2
QžJUDPRV+ QžPROHVGH+[0P+
QžJUDPRV2 QžPROHVGH+[0P2
/XHJRQžJUDPRV+≠QžJUDPRV23RUWDQWRODDILUPDFLyQHVLQFRUUHFWD
F&DOFXOHPRVHOQ~PHURGHiWRPRVHQFDGDFDVRFRPRHQDPEDVPROpFXODVKD\
GRViWRPRV
Q2 PROHV
PROGH2
=
[ Q2 [[
Ċ iW2
[
Ċ iW2
[
Q+ PROHV
PRO+
= [ Q+ [[
Ċ iW+
[
Ċ iW+
[
&RPR HO Q~PHUR GH PROHV GH 2 HV LJXDO DO Q~PHUR GH PROHV GH + WHQHPRV
TXH[ [/XHJRKD\HOPLVPRQ~PHURGHiWRPRV\ODDILUPDFLyQHVFRUUHFWD
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
&DOFXOH
F/DPDVDHQJUDPRVGHXQDPROpFXODGHDJXD
E(OQ~PHURGHiWRPRVGHKLGUyJHQRTXHKD\HQJGHDJXD
F (O Q~PHUR GH PROpFXODV TXH KD\ HQ / GH + TXH HVWiQ HQ FRQGLFLRQHV
QRUPDOHVGHSUHVLyQ\WHPSHUDWXUD
Datos.Masas atómicas: H = 1; O = 16.
Solución
D$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO\FRPR0P+2 J
PRO+2≡ĊPROpFXODV+2≡J
/XHJR
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
PROpFXOD+2 =
J
= Ċ J Ċ PROpFXODV
E 'H OD VLJXLHQWH H[SUHVLyQ FDOFXODPRV ORV JUDPRV GH KLGUyJHQR TXH KD\ HQ JUDPRVGHDJXD
J+2 J
=
[ JGH+ J+
[
$SOLFDQGRGHQXHYRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO
PRO+≡ĊiWRPRV+≡J
J+
J
=
[ Ċ iWGH+ Ċ iW+
[
F$SOLFDQGRODKLSyWHVLVGH$YRJDGUR
/GH+
/
=
[ Ċ PROpFXODVGH+ Ċ PROpFXODVGH+
[
&XHVWLyQ
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&DOFXOHHOQ~PHURGHiWRPRVTXHKD\HQ
DJGH&2
E/GHJDV+HPHGLGRVHQFRQGLFLRQHVQRUPDOHV
F·PROHVGH2
Datos.Masas atómicas: C = 12; O = 16
Solución
D (O Q~PHUR GH PROHV GH GLy[LGR GH FDUERQR FRQWHQLGR HQ J GH HVWD
VXVWDQFLDFRPR0P&2 JVHUi
J&2
QžPROHV&2 =
= PRO&2 JPRO
&RPRHQFDGDPROpFXODGHGLy[LGRGHFDUERQRKD\WUHViWRPRVGRVGHR[tJHQR\
XQRGHFDUERQRDSOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO
QžiWRPRV [·ĊiW ·ĊiWRPRV
E$SDUWLUGHODKLSyWHVLVGH$YRJDGURFDOFXODPRVORViWRPRVGHKHOLRHQ/
PHGLDQWHODVLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQ
/+H
/
[ Ċ iW+H =
Ċ iW+H
[
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
F &RPR HQ FDGD PROpFXOD GH 2 KD\ GRV iWRPRV GH R[tJHQR HO Q~PHUR GH
iWRPRVVHUi
PRO2
PROHV
=
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Ċ iW2
[
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/DV PDVDV DWyPLFDV GHO KLGUyJHQR \ GHO KHOLR VRQ \ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
,QGLTXHUD]RQDGDPHQWHVLODVVLJXLHQWHVDILUPDFLRQHVVRQYHUGDGHUDVRIDOVDV
D8QPROGH+HFRQWLHQHHOPLVPRQ~PHURGHiWRPRVTXHXQPROGH+
E/DPDVDGHXQiWRPRGHKHOLRHVJUDPRV
F(QXQJUDPRGHKLGUyJHQRKD\·ĊiWRPRV
Solución
D)DOVDSRUTXHHQXQPROGHKHOLRKD\·ĊiWRPRVGHKHOLRPLHQWUDV
TXHHQXQPROGH+KD\·ĊPROpFXODVGH+\FRPRHQFDGDPROpFXOD
GH+KD\GRViWRPRVKDEUi[·ĊiWRPRVGH+
E)DOVDSRUTXHODPDVDGHXQiWRPRGHKHOLRHV
Ċ iW+H iW+H
[ < J =
J+H
[
F9HUGDGHUDSRUTXH
PROGHiWRPRVGH+≡ĊiWRPRV+≡J
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
/DHVWULFQLQDHVXQSRWHQWHYHQHQRTXHVHKDXVDGRFRPRUDWLFLGDFX\DIyUPXOD
HV&+123DUDPJGHHVWULFQLQDFDOFXOH
D(OQ~PHURGHPROHVGHFDUERQR
E(OQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGHHVWULFQLQD
F(OQ~PHURGHiWRPRVGHQLWUyJHQR
Datos.Masas atómicas: C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; O = 16.
Solución
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
D&DOFXOHPRVHOQ~PHURGHPROHVGHHVWULFQLQDHQPJGHHVWDVXVWDQFLD
0P&+12 J
JHVWULFQLQD
J
=
[ Ċ PROHVGHHVWULFQLQD PROGHHVWULFQLQD
[
(OQ~PHURGHPROHVGHFDUERQRVHUi
[Ċ ·ĊPROHVGHFDUERQR
E(OQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGHHVWULFQLQDTXHKD\HQORVPROHVGHHVWDVXVWDQFLD
FDOFXODGRVHQHODSDUWDGRDVHUi
PROGHHVWULFQLQD
Ċ PROHV
=
[ Ċ PROpFXODV Ċ PROpFXODV
[
F&RPRHQXQDPROpFXODGHHVWULFQLQDKD\GRViWRPRVGHQLWUyJHQRHOQ~PHUR
GHiWRPRVVHUi
PROHVWULFQLQD
Ċ PROHV
[ Ċ iWRPRVGH1 =
[
Ċ iW1
[
&XHVWLyQ
&XHVWLyQ
'H XQ UHFLSLHQWH TXH FRQWLHQH J GH PHWDQR VH H[WUDHQ ⋅ PROpFXODV
&DOFXOH
D/RVPROHVGHPHWDQRTXHTXHGDQ
E/DVPROpFXODVGHPHWDQRTXHTXHGDQ
F/RVJUDPRVGHPHWDQRTXHTXHGDQ
Datos0DVDVDWyPLFDV: H = 1; C = 12.
Solución
D&RPR0P&+ JHOQ~PHURGHPROHVGHPHWDQRHQJVHUi
J
QžPROHV&+ =
= PROHV JPRO
&DOFXOHPRVORVPROHVGHPHWDQRTXHTXLWDPRVDOH[WUDHU⋅PROpFXODV
PRO&+
[
=
[ PROHVGH&+ Ċ PROpFXODV&+ Ċ 3RUWDQWRHOQ~PHURGHPROHVTXHTXHGDVHUi
QžPROHV&+ PROHV²·PROHV ·PROHV
E/DVPROpFXODVGHPHWDQRTXHTXHGDQODVFDOFXODPRVGHODVLJXLHQWHHFXDFLyQ
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
PRO&+
PROHV
=
[ Ċ PROpFXODVGH&+ Ċ PROpFXODV&+
[
F/DPDVDGHPHWDQRVHUi
PRO&+ PROHV
=
[ JGH&+ J&+
[
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D ¢&XiQWRV iWRPRV GH R[tJHQR KD\ HQ OLWURV GH R[tJHQR PROHFXODU HQ
FRQGLFLRQHVQRUPDOHV"
E8QDSHUVRQDEHEHDOGtDOLWURGHDJXD6XSRQLHQGRTXHODGHQVLGDGGHODJXD
HV GH JP/ ¢FXiQWRV iWRPRV GH KLGUyJHQR LQFRUSRUD D VX FXHUSR SRU HVWH
SURFHGLPLHQWR"
Datos.0DVDVDWyPLFDV: H = 1; O = 16.
Solución
D$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHYROXPHQPRODUFDOFXODPRVORVPROHVGH2TXHKD\
HQORV/HQFRQGLFLRQHVQRUPDOHV
/2 /
=
[ PROHV PRO2
[
(OQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVFRQWHQLGRVHQHOORVVHUi
·PRO[·ĊPROpFXODVPRO ·ĊPROpFXODVGH2
(OQ~PHURGHiWRPRVGHR[tJHQRHQORV/VHUi
[·Ċ ·ĊiWRPRVGH2
E/DPDVDGHDJXDTXHEHEHDOGtDVHUi
P G[9 JP/[P/ JGH+2
$SOLFDQGRHOFRQFHSWRGHPRO\FRPRHQFDGDPROpFXODGHDJXDKD\GRViWRPRV
GHKLGUyJHQR\0P+2 JORViWRPRVGHHVWHHOHPHQWRTXHLQFRUSRUDOD
SHUVRQDDVXFXHUSRVHUiQ
QžiWRPRV+ [QžPROpFXODVGH+2 [QžPROHVGH+2[1$
J+2
QžiW+ [
[
Ċ 23 = [ iWRPRVGH+ JPRO
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
5HVROXFLyQGH3UREOHPDV
3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
&XDQGR VH FDOLHQWD GH PRGR FRQYHQLHQWH FORUXUR DPyQLFR VH GHVFRPSRQH HQ
FORUXURGHKLGUyJHQR\DPRQtDFR6LVHOLEHUDQJGHDPRQtDFRFDOFXOH
D /DPDVDREWHQLGDGHFORUXURGHKLGUyJHQR
E /DVIUDFFLRQHVPRODUHVGHFDGDJDVJHQHUDGR
Datos. Masas atómicas: H = 1; N = 14; Cl = 35’5
Solución
D /DUHDFFLyQHV1+&O+&O1+
3XHVWR TXH OD PDVD PROHFXODU GHO DPRQtDFR 1+ HV LJXDO D
Ċ JĊPRO ORVJGHDPRQtDFRFRUUHVSRQGHDPROGH1+
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDVHGHEHKDEHUIRUPDGRPROGH+&O3XHVWRTXHODPDVD
PROHFXODU GHO +&O HV LJXDO D · · J Ċ PRO /D PDVD GH +&O
IRUPDGDHVLJXDODPROĊ·JĊPRO ·JGH+&O
E /DV IUDFFLRQHV PRODUHV GH FDGD JDV YLHQH GDGD SRU IPRODU PROHV GH JDV
PROHVWRWDOHV3RUWDQWR
IPRODU1+ PRO1+>PRO1+PRO+&O@ ·
IPRODU+&O PRO+&O>PRO1+PRO+&O@ ·
3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
8QDPH]FODGHGRVJDVHVHVWiFRQVWLWXLGDSRUJGH62\RWURVJGH62\HVWi
FRQWHQLGDHQXQUHFLSLHQWHDž&\DDWPGHSUHVLyQ&DOFXOH
D (OYROXPHQTXHRFXSDODPH]FOD
E /DIUDFFLyQPRODUGHFDGDJDV
Datos.R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1. Masas atómicas: O = 16; S = 32.
Solución
D &DOFXODPRVSULPHURHOYROXPHQTXHRFXSDQFDGDJDV
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9 WHQGUHPRV 9 Q Ċ 5 Ċ 7 3 SRU WDQWR WHQHPRV TXH FDOFXODU SULPHUR
,QLFLDFLyQDOD4XtPLFD
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9/ ·PROĊ·DWPĊ/Ċ.ĊPRO Ċ.DWP ·/62
9WRWDO 962962 ·/·/ ·/
6HSRGUtDKDEHUUHVXHOWRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDORVPROHVWRWDOHVGHJDVHV
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3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
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HTXLPRODUGHKLGUyJHQR\KHOLR&DOFXOH
D /DSUHVLyQWRWDOGHOUHFLSLHQWH
E /DVSUHVLRQHVSDUFLDOHVHMHUFLGDVSRUORVJDVHV
Datos.R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1. Masas atómicas: H = 1; He = 4.
Solución
D &DOFXOHPRVORVPROHVH[LVWHQWHVGHFDGDJDV
JĊPRO Ċ[PROHV+JĊPRO Ċ\PROHV+H J
[PROHV+ \PROHV+H
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E 3DUD HOOR SRGHPRV FDOFXODU ODV IUDFFLRQHV PRODUHV \ GH DTXt OOHJDPRV D
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3SDUFLDO+ 3SDUFLDO+H Ċ·Ċ DWP
3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
6HGLVSRQHGHXQUHFLSLHQWHGH/GHFDSDFLGDGTXHVHPDQWLHQHVLHPSUHDOD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHž&\VHLQWURGXFHQHQHOPLVPR/GH&2DDWP\/GH
&2DDWPDPERVDž&&DOFXOH
D /DFRPSRVLFLyQHQSRUFHQWDMHGHODPH]FOD
E /DSUHVLyQGHOUHFLSLHQWH
Datos.R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1.
Solución
D /RVPROHVGHFDGDJDVTXHVHYDQDLQWURGXFLUVHFDOFXODQFRQODHFXDFLyQGH
ORVJDVHV
Q 3Ċ95Ċ7 DWPĊ/·DWP/.PRO Ċ. ·
PROHVGH&2
Q 3Ċ95Ċ7 DWPĊ/·DWP/.PRO Ċ. ·
PROHVGH&2
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3RUFHQWDMHGHJDV PROGHJDVPROHVWRWDOHVĊ
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E &RQORVGDWRVDQWHULRUHVOOHJDPRVDSDUWLUGHODHFXDFLyQGHORVJDVHV
3DWP ·PROĊ·DWPĊ/Ċ.ĊPRO Ċ./ ·DWP
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3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
(Q XQ UHFLSLHQWH GH / GH FDSDFLGDG TXH VH PDQWLHQH D OD WHPSHUDWXUD
FRQVWDQWHGHž&VHLQWURGXFHQ/GH+DDWPGHSUHVLyQ\/GH1D
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OD PH]FOD JDVHRVD D DWP GH SUHVLyQ SHUR PDQWHQLHQGR OD WHPSHUDWXUD
FRQVWDQWH
Datos.R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1.
Solución
D (VWHSUREOHPDHVVLPLODUDODQWHULRUSHURFRQRWURVJDVHV
/RVPROHVGHFDGDJDVTXHVHYDQDLQWURGXFLUVHFDOFXODQFRQODHFXDFLyQGH
ORVJDVHV
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E /RVPROHVGHJDVPH]FODTXHVHH[WUDHQVRQ
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PH]FOD
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PH]FODGHJDVHVVRQPH]FODVKRPRJpQHDVODH[WUDFFLyQGHJDVHVGHODPLVPD
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3UREOHPD
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E (OQ~PHURGHJUDPRVGHFDGDFRPSXHVWR
Datos.R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1. Masas atómicas: C = 12; O = 16.
Solución
D &RPR3SDUFLDO IPRODU3WRWDO3RUWDQWRGHORVYDORUHVGHOHQXQFLDGRWHQHPRV
3SDUFLDO&2 ·ĊDWP ·DWP
3SDUFLDO&2 ·ĊDWP ·DWP
E (OQžGHJUDPRVGHFDGDFRPSXHVWRGHSHQGHGHOQžGHPROHVGHFDGDXQRGH
HOORV 3RU HOOR DSOLFDQGR OD HFXDFLyQ GH ORV JDVHV OOHJDPRV
39 Q57 P570
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P 39057 DWPĊ/ĊJĊPRO ·DWP/.PRO Ċ.
·JSDUD&2
3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
&DOFXOHODFRPSRVLFLyQFHQWHVLPDOGHOiFLGRVXOI~ULFR
Datos.Masas atómicas: H = 1; S = 32; O = 16
Solución
&DOFXODPRVODPDVDPROHFXODUGHOiFLGRVXOI~ULFR
0+62 [[[ XPD
3DUD FDOFXODU OD FDQWLGDG GH FDGD HOHPHQWR FRQWHQLGR HQ J GH FRPSXHVWR
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3UREOHPD
6HGLVXHOYHQJGHiFLGRQtWULFRHQ/GHDJXD&DOFXOH
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Datos.0DVDVDWyPLFDV+ 1 2 Solución
D &DOFXODPRVODPDVDPROHFXODUGHOiFLGRQtWULFR
0+12 Ċ XPD
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0+12 PROHV/ ·0
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3XHVWRTXHODPDVDHVFRQVHUYDWLYDHQHVWHWLSRGHUHDFFLRQHVWHQHPRVTXH
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Datos.0DVDVDWyPLFDV+ 2 1D .
&RQFHSWRVEiVLFRV
Solución
D /DPRODOLGDGYLHQHGDGDSRUODH[SUHVLyQ0 PROHVGHVROXWRJGH
GLVROYHQWH3RUWDQWR
0ROHVGHVROXWR JJĊPRO ·PROHV
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3UREOHPD
3UREOHPD
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D/DUHODFLyQGHPROHVGHFDGDHOHPHQWRSUHVHQWHHQHOKLGURFDUEXURVHREWLHQH
GLYLGLHQGRODFDQWLGDGGHFDGDXQRHQWUHVXPDVDPRODU
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Solución
D /DUHODFLyQGHPROHVGHFDGDHOHPHQWRSUHVHQWHHQHOFRPSXHVWRVHREWLHQH
GLYLGLHQGRODFDQWLGDGGHFDGDXQRHQWUHVXPDVDDWyPLFD
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2 ·· ·
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Datos.0DVDVDWyPLFDV+ & 2 Solución
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Solución
D&RPRHQFDGDPROGHVXOIDWRGHDPRQLRKD\JGHQLWUyJHQRHOHQSHVR
GHQLWUyJHQRVHUi
0P [1+ 62 ] = J J1+ 2 62 =
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