Cross-Country Comparisons of Public Employment and Pay of 26

Cross-Country Comparisons of Public Employment and Pay of 26 Latin American and Caribbean Countries. Ingrid Carlson & J. Mark Payne
Diálogo Regional de Política del BID. Segunda Reunión de la Red de Gestión Pública y Transparencia, Abril 2002
Civil Service Profile
Mexico
Mexico
I
Group I
(GNP per
capita >
3200 US$
1997)1
Mexico
LAC
average
Socioeconomic Context
I.1
I.2
I.3
I.4
I.5
I.6
I.7
I.8
I.11
I.15
I.19
I.23
I.26
I.27
I.29
I.30
I.31
GNP per capita (1999 US$)
Human Development Index value
Growth Competitiveness Index value
Unemployment rate, (% of workforce)
Literacy rate, (% of adults 15+)
School enrollment, primary (% net)
School enrollment, secondary (% net)
Life Expectancy
Consolidated Central Government2 Social Expenditures (% of total)
Consolidated Central Government Social Expenditures (% of GDP)
Consolidated Central Government Education Expenditures (% of GDP)
Consolidated Central Government Health Expenditures (% of GDP)
General Government Tax Revenues (% of GDP)
Consolidated Central Government Tax Revenues (% of GDP)
Total Public Sector3 Total Revenues (% of GDP)
General Government Total Revenues (% of GDP)
Consolidated Central Government Total Revenues (% of GDP)
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
GDP growth (annual %)
GDP/capita growth (annual %)
Public sector balance (annual average)
Central government balance (annual average)
1995
1999
1999
1999
$3,800.0
0.855
$4,400.0
0.79
4.29
1.7
91.1
$6,428
0.809
4.27
10.2
94.1
$3,327
0.741
3.85
10.6
87.6
72.3
47.0
7.6
3.6
0.6
16.5
11.9
20.7
19.1
13.2
73.2
61.8
14.6
2.4
1.5
21.3
17.6
26.7
24.2
20.7
70.4
56.2
13.5
3.3
2.4
20.0
17.1
25.5
24.2
20.4
1996-99
5.1
3.5
-0.8
1996-99
3.5
2.1
-0.5
-1.3
1996-99
3.2
1.5
-1.8
-2.6
4.7
89.8
99.9
63.8
72.0
50.1
8.0
3.8
0.5
16.0
12.8
22.8
19.3
15.3
1990-95
1.6
-0.3
1.1
II
II.1
II.2
II.3
II.4
II.5
III
Public Opinion Toward Public Administration
1995
19.4
1999
35.3
50.2
39.5
77.1
76.9
1999
36.1
45.4
38.8
61.5
58.4
1999
27.6
43.7
35.8
59.8
58.9
1995
91,145
35,318
38.7
1999
97,365
40,606
41.7
1999
38,424
17,168
44.8
1999
18,991
8,187
41.5
Total public sector expend. (% or GDP)
General govt. expend. (% of GDP)
Consolidated central govt. expend. (% of GDP)
1995
23.8
20.9
15.9
1999
22.1
21.9
14.9
1999
28.8
24.7
23.4
1999
27.8
26.4
23.6
Total public sector5 expend. on wages (% of total)
General govt. expend on wages (% of total)
Consolidated central govt. expend on wages (% of total)
Total public sector5 expend on wages (% of GDP)
General govt. expend on wages (% of GDP)
Consolidated central govt. expend on wages (% of GDP)
1995
41.4
37.3
17.8
9.9
8.1
2.8
1999
44.6
33.4
16.9
10.0
7.6
2.5
1999
35.4
30.9
18.2
9.6
8.0
4.5
1999
33.8
29.4
22.3
9.2
7.0
5.6
% respondents very or somewhat confident in public admin.
% respondents perceiving improvement in education services from previous yr.
% respondents perceiving improvement in health services from previous yr.
% respondents with very or somewhat positive opinion of primary education
% respondents with very or somewhat positive opinion of secondary education
National Labor Statistics
III.1
III.2
III.3
IV
Population (,000)
Economically active population4 (,000)
Economically active population (% of total)
Size of Government
3
IV.1
IV.2
IV.3
V
V.1
V.2
V.3
V.5
V.6
V.7
Government Personnel Costs
VI
VI.1
VI.2
VI.3
VI.4
VI.5
VI.6
VI.7
VI.8
VI.9
VI.10
VI.11
VI.12
VI.13
VI.14
VI.15
VI.16
VI.17
VI.18
VI.19
VII
VII.1
VII.2
VII.3
VII.4
VII.5
VII.6
VII.7
VII.8
VII.9
Wage Levels of Public Sector Employees
Average public sector wage (1999 pesos)
Average general govt. wage (1999 pesos)
Average consolidated central govt. wage6 (1999 pesos)
Average central govt. wage (1999 pesos)
Average public sector wage (1999 US$)
Average general govt. wage (1999 US$)
Average consolidated central govt. wage (1999 US$)
Average central govt. wage (1999 US$)
Average public sector wage/GDP per capita
Average general govt. wage/GDP per capita
Average consolidated central govt. wage/GDP per capita
Average central govt. wage/GDP per capita
Compression ratio
Average public sector wage/private sector wage
Average manufacturing wage (1999 pesos)
Average public sector wage/manufacturing wage
Average general govt. wage/manufacturing wage
Average consolidated central govt. wage/manufacturing wage
Average central govt. wage/manufacturing wage
1995
$86,511
$80,260
$61,041
$84,362
$9,106
$8,448
$6,425
$8,880
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.9
1999
$92,006
$84,484
$61,066
$95,434
$9,685
$8,893
$6,428
$10,046
2.0
1.8
1.3
2.1
2.3
2.5
$22,702
4.1
3.7
2.7
4.2
1999
1999
$10,209
$11,460
$11,881
$10,782
2.1
2.5
2.4
1.5
11.5
1.7
$6,815
$7,724
$10,360
$5,899
2.4
2.8
2.3
1.9
20.2
1.2
2.8
2.6
2.6
4.2
2.0
2.1
2.3
1.6
1999
2,313,940
2,350,541
459,574
404,744
1,507,954
2.3
4.6
3.9
3.0
1999
951,465
1,153,237
396,249
212,856
786,467
-1.1
4.1
3.0
3.4
Public Employment Levels
7
5
Civil Servants - Total Public Sector
Civil Servants - General Government
Civil Servants - Consolidated Central Government8
Civil Servants - Central Government9
Civil Servants - Departmental Governments
% change in number of civil servants (previous 5 yrs.)
Civil Servants - Total Public Sector (% of pop.)
Civil Servants - General Government (% of pop.)
Civil Servants - Consolidated Central Government (% of pop.)
1995
4,422,518
3,904,003
1,521,057
1,256,264
2,210,246
-1.9
4.9
4.3
1.7
1999
4,616,050
4,118,142
1,453,908
1,194,685
2,480,934
4.4
4.8
4.3
1.5
VII.10
VII.11
VII.12
VII.13
VII.14
VII.15
VII.16
Civil Servants - Central Government (% of pop.)
Civil Servants - Total Public Sector (% of EAP)
Civil Servants - General Government (% of EAP)
Civil Servants - Consolidated Central Government (% of EAP)
Civil Servants - Central Government (% of EAP)
% Professional in Central Government
% Politically Appointed
VII.17
VII.18
VII.19
Public Employment Justice (% of pop.)
Public Employment Health (% of pop.)
Public Employment Education (% of pop.)
VIII
1.4
12.5
11.1
4.3
3.6
0.1
1.1
Civil Service Institutional and Organizational Features
2000
VIII.1
Designation of political appointees
(until level of cabinet post, first-line director, or dept. head)
VIII.2
VIII.3
Number of political appointees
Legal limits on political appointments
VIII.4
Criteria used for selection and entry of employees
(no or yes, to what number or percent of total employment)
(objective, informal, political, or mixed)
VIII.5
Restrictions to entry
(no or type of restriction - gender, ethnicity, religion, ideology, foreign birth)
VIII.6
Gender distribution of civil service personnel
VIII.7
Type of system new hires join
VIII.8
Number of posts established by personnel classification system
VIII.9
Level of coincidence of public employment system with private
(ratio male to female)
(cross-organizational, partial with exemptions, or one specific)
(less than 200, 201-500, 501-800, or more than 800)
(high, moderate, or low)
VIII.10
Level of application of rules that call for dismissal
(high, moderate, or low)
VIII.11
Performance evaluations a determining factor in promotions
(no, yes, moderately, or marginally)
1.2
12.0
10.7
3.8
3.1
0.3
2.7
10.9
9.2
6.5
5.8
2.3
10.1
7.3
7.8
5.7
0.9
0.6
0.1
0.8
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.9
VIII.12
Normal work day
VIII.13
Central, specialized body responsible for civil service policies
(8 or more, 7-8, or less than 7 hours)
(no, body with no decentralized units, or body with decentralized units)
Notes:
1
Group 1 countries are: Argentina, Barbados, Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Group II countries
are: Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua,
Peru, Panama, Paraguay, and Suriname.
2
Consolidated central government includes the Congress, electoral authorities, judiciary, presidency, secretariats, tribunals, administrative agencies,
social security, and government agencies (including the Council for Mineral Resources, the Mexican Petroleum Institute, and approximately 50
others).
3
Total public sector expenditure includes expenditure (budgetary only) of the federal government, social security, and state enterprises.
Economically active population refers to population aged 10 and over.
5
Total public sector includes the general government (including Congress, electoral authorities, judiciary, presidency, secretariats, tribunals,
administrative agencies, decentralized agencies, the Federal District, state and municipal governments, and social security) and the public
enterprises.
4
6
The variation between the average wages calculated for consolidated central government and for all other levels is due to the use of a different
source (the IMF) for wage expenditures of the consolidated central government. All other data for average wages was taken from the INEGI Web
site.
7
Data for the number of civil servants from the Anuario Estadístico (on all levels of government) "no representan, en estricto sentido, el número de
personas ocupadas en cada actividad, sino el número promedio de puestos remunerados que se estima fueron requeridos para la producción. En
consecuencia, una misma persona puede ocupar dos o más puestos dentra de una o varias actividades económicas, tal es el caso del personal
magisterio. Asimismo, los incrementos en el número promedio de ocupaciones no representan necesariamente un aumento neto en plazas, sino la
regularización del personal contratado por honorarios." Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI
Web site.
8
Consolidated central government includes the Congress, electoral authorities, judiciary, presidency, secretariats, tribunals, administrative agencies,
decentralized agencies, the Federal District, and social security.
9
Central government includes the Congress, electoral authorities, judiciary, presidency, secretariats, tribunals, administrative agencies, decentralized
agencies, and the Federal District.
Sources:
I.1
World Development Indicators on World Bank Web site: Atlas Method
I.2
UNDP Human Development Reports
I.3
World Economic Forum
I.4
I.5
I.6
I.7
I.8
I.11
I.15
I.19
I.23
I.26
I.27
I.29
I.30
I.31
I.33
I.34
I.35
II.1
II.2
II.3
II.4
II.5
III.1
III.2
III.3
IV.1
IV.2
IV.3
V.1
V.2
V.3
V.5
V.6
LABROSTA database ILO data
World Development Indicators on World Bank Web site
World Development Indicators on World Bank Web site
World Development Indicators on World Bank Web site
UNDP. Human Development Report. 1997 and 2000
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. (Includes education, health, social sec and welfare, and housing). Data for 1997
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000 (Includes education, health,
social sec and welfare, and housing). Data for 1997
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1997
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1997
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1997
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1998.
IMF Country Report, March 7, 2000. Mexico: Selected Issues. Table 14. Budgetary Revenues of Consolidated Nonfinancial Public Sector.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1997.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1998.
IDB. Basic Socio-Economic Data
IDB. Basic Socio-Economic Data
IDB. Basic Socio-Economic Data. Non-Financial Public Sector
Latinobarometer, 1996 and 2001.
Latinobarometer, 1999/2000.
Latinobarometer, 1999/2000.
Latinobarometer, 2001.
Latinobarometer, 2001.
IDB. Basic Socio-Economic Data
ECLAC. Demographic Bulletin No 64. ECLAC Web site. Data for 2000.
ECLAC. Demographic Bulletin No 64. ECLAC Web site. Economically active population data for 2000. Population data for 1999 from IDB Basic
Socio-Economic Data.
IMF Country Report, March 7, 2000. Mexico: Selected Issues. Table 15. Budgetary Expenditure of Consolidated Nonfinancial Public Sector.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1997.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Data for total expenditure from IMF Country Report, March 7, 2000. Mexico: Selected Issues. Table 15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Data for total expenditure from IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1997.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2000. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2000. Data for 1997.
V.7
VI.1
VI.2
VI.3
VI.4
VI.5
VI.6
VI.7
VI.8
VI.9
VI.10
VI.11
VI.12
VI.14
VI.15
VI.16
VI.17
VI.18
VI.19
VII.1
VII.2
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Number of civil servants from Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición
1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site. Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Number of civil servants from Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición
1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site. Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Population from IDB
Basic Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Population from IDB
Basic Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Number of civil servants from Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición
1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site. Cuadro 9.15. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics
Yearbook. 2000. Population from IDB Basic Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.11. Number of civil servants from Cuadro 9.15. GDP from IMF International Financial Statistics Yearbook. 2000. Population from IDB
Basic Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 10.12. Ratio of average public sector wage to average private sector wage as reported by INEGI. Data for 1998.
ILO Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2000. Data for 1998.
ILO Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2000. Data for 1998.
ILO Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2000. Data for 1998.
ILO Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2000. Data for 1998.
ILO Yearbook of Labor Statistics 2000. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Data for 1998.
VII.3
VII.4
VII.5
VII.6
VII.7
VII.8
VII.9
VII.10
VII.11
VII.12
VII.13
VII.14
VII.18
VII.19
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Data for periods 1990-1995 and 1995-1998 (military personnel included in calculations).
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Population from IDB Basic
Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Population from IDB Basic
Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Population from IDB Basic
Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Population from IDB Basic
Socio-Economic Data. Data for 1998.
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Economically Active Population
from ECLAC and Anuario Estadístico. Data for 1998 (estimated).
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Economically Active Population
from ECLAC and Anuario Estadístico. Data for 1998 (estimated).
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Economically Active Population
from ECLAC and Anuario Estadístico. Data for 1998 (estimated).
Anuario Estadístico de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Edición 1999 on Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) Web site.
Cuadro 9.15. Military personnel subtracted from total (for 1995 172,700 and for 1998 183,300) from INEGI Web site. Economically Active Population
from ECLAC and Anuario Estadístico. Data for 1998 (estimated).
Data set of Cross National Data on Government Employment and Wages on the World Bank Administrative and Civil Service Reform web site.
Data set of Cross National Data on Government Employment and Wages on the World Bank Administrative and Civil Service Reform web site.