Instituciones de democracia directa en América Latina

:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
!
#
%
'
(D
"
$
&
&
(
"
'
(
(
"
))*+ ,.,-
/(
0
.,
.
("
(
"
(
'
3 "4 "
2
1
1
2
$
2"
2
5
'
6
'
7
$
$
8
'
3
'
$
(
8
"
(
;
3
"
& )??+ )# @
'
)) # (
>!:
)? !
<
9:
2
&
(
$
=
'
2
"
0 $
:
A
/
"
(
'
2
0
(
!B
(
&2
2
$
/
&
1
"
"
'
2
'
%
C5
+LLMMM
&
2
'
" )DEF5
" )E?F
L
L
&
)) F< G A
&
L
L
N
)) F
LO
(
CH
LJ
1
)) #
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
2
A
8
'
&
J
A
" '
(
)
I
3 1 !/
F
$ 2
(
)) + ED
F
2
1
0#P
2
&
)E)+
3 1
&
F
(
$
! (
F3 &
))*+ *
#
!
2
HH # ' 8
I
%
)EDF '
(
(
< G A )) #
"
(
$
2
2
/
/
(
"
"
)ED#
02! ( 3 Q
0
(
))K ! (
/
"
R
2
5 7
:
))KF )) F3 &
))?#2$
)) F9
"
0 "
I
'
2
$
"
2
'
1
'
=
82
1
<G A
'
'
1
"
$
&
!B
2
(
(
P
2 '
2
8
(D
P
"
P
P
2
>!
"
)) + ?)F
&
2
)) #
'
'
"
$
8
'2
2
'
"
2
(
'
'
2
1
7
%
"
1
!
#S "
0
2
"
'
'
(
/
$
I
P
(
$
2
$
(
!
#
8
T
1
$
!
&
T
2 $
2
& "
'
(
3 1 ":
(
'
2
+LLMMM
&
L
( 1
'
(
'
&
8
2 (
&
#
&
2
L
!
L
(
L
#"
N
!
LO
LJ
"
(
8
(
T
#2
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
7$
8
(D
$
(
I
(
"
'
$
(
<
+
(
(
2
"
'
#
$
3
!
8
8$
2
+ #
$
!
2
(
'
(
8
$
#F #
$
'
(
!
8
(
"
#F #
(
$
(
$
& "$
+ #
!
/
$
&
(
'2
/
#&
'
F" #
/
I
(
$
2
!
2
&
02
&
& "$
2"
#
"
2
(
/
'
0
/
80+ $
$
'
0$
2& "$
0$
+ ,I
/
0
/
0
$
2
/
0
$
(
"
.
'
2& "$
2
(
"
7
!/
0#
#
"
$
(
U
7
%
! (
"2
(
2
&
"
(
'
$
+LLMMM
$
)) + ?E # #
8
&
&
&
F(
"
1
2& "
2 $
J
L
2
L
8
L
L
N
LO
LJ
2
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
(D
<
(
(
L
(
L
5(
!
#!
#
!
#
8
$
(
(
$
(
'
P
"
(
%
"
2
'
";
$
2
&
&
!
T
(
& (
'
(
#
2
2I 72I
2
2
'
"2
(
3
H
'
2
" $
"
F
12
&
$
VV
&
+LLMMM
&
L
L
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
!
"
;
E* 2 (
B
))
5
2 )FJ
E
W
?E
W
KD
W
) )
&
3
)E)
*2 2 )2 D
)D)
*2DK2D)2 )
)E
;
#
K
)EE
5
2
* (D
W
D 2E)
)E*
W
D 2 EK2J
"
)
T
I
'
I
"
I 7
H
U
"
))
K2 K 2 DK2 DD
)E
2 ?E2 D
)DE
KE2 )
1
*2 ?
2 2 )K
))
2 2 2 K?
W
K
"
?
2
W
B
2 & 2
2I
(
!
?E#
(
B
O
*#" I 7 !
$
!
"
'2I 7 " H
"L
!
)D2 )2
E#2
)K#2
&
"!
(
!
(
"
5
#2I
'!
P
(
H
!
))
)K
D)2E 2
)?
"
W
))
)?D
K*2 )D2 KD2 )2
&
K #
'
?#
2
"
!
KD#"
$
!
K*#
8
(
(
#2"
I
'
"
!
K #
8
"
2
"
&
&
+LLMMM
&
$
(
L
(
L
'
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
? (D
$ #
&
I "
3
(
I "
;
$
$
$
5
$
&
"
;
(
B
'
I
I 7
5(
H
"
U
O
1
$
&
5(
H
1
"
(
"
"
$
!
P ?#
$
(
$
"
$
(
$
*X
U 1 2
(
(
!
?#
& " I 72
'
&
$
(
$
(
2
(
(
(
2
"
"
EK#
$
2
(
$
"
(
I 7
"
3
"I
$
<
(
(
(
(
&
"
(
1
D # (
"
+
$
$
!
'
(
2
3
*X
2
;
2
'2
$
2 ;
J (
$
"B
/
(
(
(
& &
(
"
(
(
$
2
(
(
!
0
$
0
F
(
I 72
(
7
&
2
!
2B
;
2T
2
$
"
"I
"
&
"
' (
$
2
"
&
(
D?
#
2
T
(
1
$
&
1
$
'
/
"
"
"
H
5(
I
I
+LLMMM
&
L
S "$
!
L
2
L
L
2$
<
:
N
LO
T
'
1B 1
LJ
#
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
D (D
2
"
(
2
I
!
"2
#
(
7
&
2
!O
"#
"
2
'
2
'
I
2
""I 72
"
"#2B
"T
2;
!
2
2
2
I
8
#
"$
"
2
!
F
& "$
(
$ 2
"
T
$
$
(
"
'
!
(
2
T
$
"2
'$
(
&
J
/
0
/
$
2
$
9(
0
2
(
2
(
(
(
2
"
;
(
(
2
"
$
$
"$
&
3
! D #&
$ & "$
)) (
&
L
0
2
2
3
$
2
$
(
&
(
(
2"
&
L
0
"
3
/
%
$
"
+LLMMM
/
&
%
&
2
(
8
$
"
?? Y
$
I
#2
(
(
$
#
8
!
(
&
I
'
B
2
8
3
'
!
"
L
L
#
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
E (D
I
B
!
"
#
I
5(
& "
"
& "
"
/
0
$
" $ &
;
/J
I
"
F
0
8
/J
I
2$
$
0
T
3
I
(
! "
+ ?KX
"
#
I
"
-
+
I
! "
(
"
+
'
5
#
J (
I
I 7
(
J
+
&
O
&
"
(
"
&
+LLMMM
&
L
L
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
(
&
/
02
2& "$
2 "
( 1
7
'
!"
P
) (D
$
&
&
2$
(
#
$
( &
-
I
&
+
)
&
&
KX
&'
"
"
7
(
*X
$
(
*X
$
2
"
(
H
"
"
-
+
&
K2
*X
1
'
(
F
2
(
*X
8
/
/
"H
0
/
0
"
802
(
!
(
"
2
2
F
!
(
H
"
K2
*X
&'
7
&
!
+LLMMM
&
L
( 2
$
" $
# /
0$ &
(
(
'
&'
J
2
(
&
( 2
$
1
(
('
(
3
&
& &
" *# 3
$
#
L
L
L
N
LO
(
H
(
2 $
2
LJ
"
3
1
$
3 *X
'
2$
KELK)L KK)
:
J
$
H
A
J
A
A
"
(
2
(
3
&
J
A
(
$
(
(
2
I
K (D
DD
(
"
*X
$
*X
"
!
(
2
*# I
'
"
2
&
2&
%&
*
B
&
+
5(
&
+
K2X
W
&'
"
+
5(
+
"
;
W
2
+
5(
"
+
* KKK
+
*X
W
+
5(
I "
& 1
(
&'
"
I
"
"
$ (
2
$
KX
+
5(
+
W
K KKK
&'
"
I
+
5(
2
+
W
K2X
&'
"
H
+
2
"
5(
+
KX
(
1
'
"
+
F
&'
7 $
&
+LLMMM
&
L
L
L
L
N
*X
"
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
I
(D
(
;
'
" I 72
2
"
(
(
O
I
$
2
#
!
2
"
(
(
(
3
&
2" $
2
2
' $
3
(
$ &
2
"
"
(
"
3
H
"
"
"2
(
$
(
F
"
&
$
(
(
"
2
$
KX
&'
"
"
"
2& "$
2
(
7
&
+
/ (
(
02
2
/ (
"
&
! ( Z 1 A )EE#
)) !
* " #2$
2
28
$
"
0$
$
KX
$
"
"
"
$
(
3
$
2
9Q
: 8 A M A ! )) + *
'
2$ (
#(
7
2
(
2
1
(
(
(
(
2
/(
"
2
$
(
(
0
(
$
'
!
(
"
(
2
H
/(
""
?#
2
"
0 !: 8 A M A )) + **# 3
'
2
(
' (
*+ *
)
,& -
&
3
'
,& -
&&
& -
&&
U
[
I
&
H
+LLMMM
&
"
L
L
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
!
A
#
H
"
&
J
A
I
B
I
(D
"
I 7
I
"
T
H
"
/
(
'
: 8 A M A2
0
P
2
7
$
1
(
7
3
!5 7
$
&
\
(
&
2
]
#2
(
2
& & 2
P
(
(
1
&
P
(
2
'
(
(
'
(
$
&
1
1
2
(
I
!
: 8 A M A2
#2
(
K #I
&
P
"
"2
$
P2
P
2
1
2
! (
2
83 Q
)ED+
$
$
(
8
.
& &
D
%
2
)
)EK " )EE#
)DE2
1
S
(
1
&
(
1
2
)DE &
&
2
"
)E) "
$
1
(
&
(
"
(
O
82
I 7
!
H
"
)EK2
2
)) #(
O
& 2
+LLMMM
$
/&
.
&
1
(
, '
))*
&
!
8
B
(
&
L
L
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
$
J
A
(
$
A
&
J
A
I
(
(D
(
2
1
$
&
;
!
&
I
&
" D#F
)EE
)EK
2$
(
)EE2"
(
!
'
#
E "
!
B
F
$
7
#(
H
"! )E) " )) #
)EE
$
$
I 7
%
(
)) #2
,
(
2
!
&
)EK2
H
"
J
O
B
'
J
,
(
0
2
8
F
;
"
"
1
&
F
(
(
P
))
P
(
"
+
! #
! #2
(
!E#
(
H
J
(
'
;
2
"
)EK2
! )DE#(
(
/
))
(
P
"H
(
"
!B
)) 2 &
" )) #2&
8
)) #
7
-"
(
2
(
)E)2
)E?2 )) " ))*2
& ";
'
(
! )E #" H
" ! )E) "
. #
/
"
,
*
)E
&
I
(
B
012
K
K)
))
B
:
"
(
))K
!
"
)*D#
"
&
K) )EK T
9
K* K )EE I
&
+LLMMM
&
L
5 & 1
L
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
;
I
&
&
J
A
I
%
I
K K? )E) 5 (
&
)EK
"
*K
(D
(
(
'
)DE
"
K K? )E? I
(
9
6
I
5 & 1
+I
7
E KE ))
5(
I
2
+
(
"
?
))* I
(
+(
I
5 & 1
"
1
F
1
F
;
KK
))
(
(
5(
(
I 7
K ))
T
I
-3
45
"
H
"
,
K
)EK T
?K
)E)
9
"
(
&
?
5 & 1
"
&
"
)E) 5 (
(
! $
"(
))
5(
(
7
F
#
1
5 & 1
7
8
E KE ))
5(
2
D
))
"
"
"
!
5 & 1
(
2
?X
5 & 1
#
I
7
D
&
+LLMMM
))
&
I
L
&
L
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
$
&
J
A
I
* (D
( 7
"
&
7
)) #
!T &
2
% H
$ 2
&
2
3
"
)DE
(
1
(
&
" (
2 ' '
$
"
2
"
"
2;
7
))
$
(
&
(
(
&
"H
"
T
&
1
&
&
P
)E
&
(
&
O
I
"2I 7"
2
2
H
'
&
$
"
"
(
2
$
&
8
2
P
(
1
2&
8
(
2
$
2
P
H
J
""
2
2$
(
&
(
2
$
2
$
(
&
"
$
P"
&
P
"H
(
"2(
"
P
" "
(
'
$
7
%
$
(
"
2
2(
"
$
"
(
"
T
(
2
(
2
2
" 8
H
"2
" ! )E)#
P "
"
(
(
(
( 1 $
"
&
$
8
(
"
"
(
))
"2
H
"2
/
8
J
(
02
(
(
2
'
H
"
(
"2
""
"
$
(
(
H
$
2&
(
2
1
(
$
! )) #
2
1
)E)
1
2
$
2
"
7
%
P $ 1'
3 1P
(
$
&
$
$ 2(
+LLMMM
&
L
L
2 ( 1
L
L
N
LO
/
LJ
$
[
0
2
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
!
2
"
J
A
(
/
/
H
"
(
2
"
(
/
))*#2$
!B
&
(
0
))
"
$
(
&
'
O
#2"
80
2
& 1
(
? (D
"
$
2
0
I
P
/(
0
$
"
2
(
))* P
8
& 1
P
(
"
2$
7
1
&
2
( 2 '
(
1
(
P
P2 "
2(
(
'
(
1
$
$
T
;
3
$
"
$
"
2& "$
7
'
(
8
$
%
P
(
(
$
'
(
"
'2
(
"
1
&
&
1
$
"
2
3
(
P $ & "
'
))
B
P &
'
!
#
'
P
1
$
"
$
$
2
(
1
"
I
2
& "
2
&
$
1
F
1
T
(
0 T
"
J(
02
$
'
& "$
2
/
(
%
$
(
$
2
@
$
(
/
"
$
"
$
/
02
&
'
$
$
' '
2
(
$
(
"
P
$ 2
2
&
+LLMMM
&
L
'
L
L
L
%
N
LO
"(
LJ
$
KELK)L KK)
:
J
A
J
A
A
&
J
A
2
2&
/
(
(
+LLMMM
L
(
I
"
$
#
1
&
D (D
'
2
(
&
$
0
!
"
I
"
L
2
L
L
N
LO
LJ
KELK)L KK)