Capítulo 2. Promedios. Cuantiles.

!
"
#
%
$
"
&
#
"
#
'
"
'
'
#
"
"
(
"
$
)
'
"
)"
'
& &
'
" '
"
"#
#
#
"
'
"'
&
'
*! +,
&
#
$
$
*
- , - . + . - / + - - / . . / - . + / / . . . / - - / - . - / - . .
0
*
. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
- - - - / / / / / / / / + + + ,
)
-
'
-
"
*
12&
12
.
/
+
,
3
--4
+
-
-←
+.
++
+,
+,5/ 6 -7 !
-7
//
-
'
)"
'
)
#
$
5/
"
" '
*
5/
0
'
"
'
8 & &
&
"
"
5/
9$
"
9-
9 9-
6
"
#
(
9-
1 9"
'
9- ≤ ' :
"
5/
*
=
−-
'
$
"
'
+
#
*
/
−
−-
"
*
/
=
"
"
*
5/
1
0
'
9-
−
−-
*
/
=
−
−-
⋅
*
=
−-
*
/
+
−
⋅
−-
"
!
*
12
. 9 -.
-. 9 /.
/. 9 +.
+. 9 ,.
,. 9 ;.
;. 9 =.
5/
;;
74
3
-.
,.
/4
/.
-.
/
-.
;.
←
<4
-.4
--.
;;
'
*
"
= /. +
>
/. 9 +. !
( ;; − ;.) ⋅ -.
/4
= /- 4
'
'
"
'
$
#
"
&
"
"*
=
-
+
/
+ + + +
=
=-
"*
!
=
!
=
=-
=-
$
"
"
*
!
=
8
=-
#
?
*
-.
*
;/(7-(;/(;4(;;(,4(;+(;/(;7(=/
;=
&
=
*
/+(+/ ;(/+(/=(/, ;(/-(/+ ;(/+(/; ;(/4
/;
;= − =
/
*
= /;
"
'
%
"
&
!
-5/
"@
'
"
)
A- A/ A+
A-
A/
0
'
A+
"
"
"
5, / 5,
"
+ 5,
"
*
+ 5,
5/
5,
0
A - A/ A +
"
"
"
*
,.
&
&
. . . . - - - - - - - - - - - /
/ + + + + + , , ;
#
*
/ / / / / / /
#
1 &
"
B-.C
B/.C
B+.C
-
-
/
*
12&
.
/
+
,
;
12
3
,
-7
-;
/
-
,
/- ←
+/ ←
+7
+<
,.
/C
-. B
- D
$
/. B
#
-
+/
C
/
"
'
8
*
$-
$+
=
=
+
−-
−-
,
+
−
+
−
,
⋅
−-
−-
*
⋅
74
D !
12
7 9 -+
-, 9 /.
/- 9 /7
/4 9 +,
+; 9 ,-
3
;
/+-7
,
/C
+. B
"
$
;
/=
;7
7,
74
%
745, 6 -< ; )
/=
-< ;
-, 9 /.
!
*
= -+ ; +
$$
/. ;
"
(-< ; − ;) ⋅ 7
= -4 +
/-
&
7 ! "
$+
-+ ; 9
*
= /7 ; +
( ;4 ; − ;7) ⋅ 7
= /4 -
-7
8
E
& 8&
8- 8/
"
"
8< 8
&
$
! "
"
-..
"
-
E
/
"
<<
+/
"
+/F
$
"
" $
&
'
"
&
'
=
=
−-
−-
+
+
*)
D !
"*
&⋅
−
-.
⋅
−
-..
−-
⋅
−-
⋅
(
12
7 9 -+
-, 9 /.
/- 9 /7
/4 9 +,
+; 9 ,)
3
= ; 9 -+ ;
-+ ; 9 /. ;
/. ; 9 /7 ;
/7 ; 9 +, ;
+, ; 9 ,- ;
+/F
/, <=
;
/+-7
,
/, <= G
/=
-+ ; 9 /. ;
+/
'+/
;
/=
;7
7,
74
= -+ ; +
"*
(/, <= − ;) ⋅ 7
= /. -;
/-
)
E
'
8
"
! "
& &
"
-.
&
!
)
&
-..
"
D!H
&
. =.
+.
-4
$
$
-,=
*
8-.
8/
-/
8+
-,
8,
-7
8;
/.
8=
/,
87
/4
84
+,
+.
"
8
-4
,.F
-4
7.F
8<
+4