! " #$ Enlace de Datos 802.2 LLC 802.3 802.5 802.11 MAC MAC 802.11 MAC PHY PHY Subcapa MAC FHSS DSSS PHY PHY Capa Fisica ! % & '( " ) & *+, " & % !"-+ $-$ . -$ $-$ ) *+, % */" " () * '( & */" ' . Sistema Distribucion Medio Estacion Access Point ! % ( 0 % & " ! & ) & 12$$3 & ) $ & ) & 2$$ & ) % 4/ " $ 5 ( ! 6 /" ! 6% 7 $ 5 * Access Point ! 8% 7 ) ) % 2$$ * /" * /4 5 &9 5 & ) " " &9 * & * & 4 ) 1) ! 83 ) 1) / *( +02 63 2$$ & : & 5 2$$ 1$$3 ! ; 8 2$$ . $$ * & &<& & : ) : ) & $$ : '( / ) " ) / & ) " / 6 BSS1 AP1 BSS3 BSS2 AP2 BSS4 AP3 AP4 Router Internet ! ;% ( ) : $$ & & ) ) & & 5 & " / &<& / & " * & " = > &? ! @ Backbone Eth AP Bridge ! @% $ & * & 4 0 * )5 $$ 8 ! ; *8 * & / : 4 1**3 & ! ) & ) 6 % ) * " A . ) : & ) '( ) " * ) 0 & & ! B 2$$ DS AP1 AP2 BSS1, ESS1 BSS2, ESS1 t=1 AP3 BSS3, ESS1 t=2 ! B% C 2$$ $$ : * $$ & " / ($' .& )5 5 1($'D(.3 5 ) ($'D( 5 & # ! $ ! %& & " & & 1& $'3 & .& (E ; Tiempo Frame ACK ! % 7 ) ! 4 5 ! ! ! ! / 5 ($'D(. / = : Area accesible por nodo 1 1 ! F% Area accesible por nodo 3 2 3 " 6 ! F " 6 " 6 / . ) 6 > ? " & & " ) & & ) +.G * ) 5 A 7C$ " (C$ 7C$ ) " & / & 7C$ (C$ 7C$ @ 1 2 RTS (1) RTS 1 3 (4) ACK CTS (3) Frame Frame (2) CTS ACK 2 ! % . 7C$D(C$ (C$ ) ! 0 )5 / & 7C$D(C$ 4 (C$ & 7C$D(C$ 5 & ) 7C$D(C$ ) )& 1 ) 3 & 7C$D(C$ 5 " & $ ) & 7C$D(C$ % ' ( ) & ! ( . & 1.(!3 ) / .(! & ($'D( " / ) * ) .(! 5 &<9 C& .(! 5 (C$D7C$ && * & 5 % " ) & '( ) 1*+3 " " /= " 5 7! +.G & & ) ) H 1 =< H 3 H " ) ( H & H * 7C$D(C$ ! B ! H 5 & $ & H & Transmisor SIFS RTS Frame t SIFS Receptor SIFS CTS ACK t NAV (RTS) NAV DIFS t NAV(CTS) Acceso al medio diferido ! % 0 Ventana de contencion H ) #&) / 7C$ (C$ " H ) .!$ * "+ ) 4 DIFS PIFS Busy SIFS Ventana de Contencion Frame transmission ..... ranuras Backoff frames diferidos Tiempo ! % * ) !"# (E $ 7C$D(C$ " !"# & *4 # 5 & " .!$ 5 $ & 5 $!$ ( $!$ " H , " 5 .(! ) & " 5 " 2$$ % ) $ 4 5 &<9 : ) $ " .!$ 5 / ) $ & & .!$ $ ) & !$ $ & $ .!$ " &<9 : 7 % & ) (E : $ (E C & (E 6 ( " 0 & & (E $ 5 H 4 $!$ " : % (C$ " $ : ) & * & 7C$ & & 7C$D(C$ * & & F # & & & " 4 (E ( )5 ( 0 % " " & 7C$ )) % $ & (C$ 7C$ $ & (E $ & & )) % $ & (E & 7C$ $ & & > )? '( 5 ) : " / ) - . /0 & . " / .!$ .!$ ) ) 5 " : ) / &<9 )5 " )5 ( )5 ) ) " 6 A ) .$$$ 31 slots Intento inicial Frame Previo DIFS 1º retransmision Frame Previo DIFS 63 slots 2ª retransmision Frame Previo DIFS 127 slots 3ª retransmision Frame Previo DIFS 255 slots 4º retransmision Frame Previo DIFS 511 slots 5ª retransmision Frame Previo DIFS Ventana de contencion=1,023 slots 6ª retransmision Frame Previo DIFS Ventana de coneccion=1,023 slots ! 6% H .$$$ ) : A / )) A ) /" / / '( & : ) )) A :4 : " ( ' ! * ) ) & " & 0 ) A : & C " & 8 6 SIFS Sender RTS SIFS Fragmento 0 CTS Receiver Fragmento 1 ACK 0 SIFS CTS Fragmento 2 ACK 1 SIFS RTS NAV DIFS SIFS ACK2 011011 00 1010 10101010 00 11 Backoff slots Tiempo SIFS Fragmento 0 Fragmento 1 ACK 0 ACK 1 Tiempo ! 8% ( $ &) 7C$D(C$ & ) 8 &) & H 0 & & '( / 0 8 " " '( ; '( ( 5 / " & ) 2 2 Frame Duration/ Control ID 6 Address 1 6 Address 2 6 2 Address 3 Seq− ctl 6 Address 4 0−2,312 Frame Body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ayer 2: Data Link MAC PLCP OSI Layer 1: Physical PMD ! @% ! 6 ! + & 6 % !"4/ 4 !+ *+, . 4$ 4 .$ *+, 5 * *+, FFF ) % /01233 # / !" .) ' :% #!.' *+, /01233' +/47 . $% +7D.$$$ *+, & :4 & / ) / 4/ 8;K+5 0 ! ( ( 1!((3 & 1 (/ $& 3 C 0 & > " ? " & $' * 5 ( ) !(( & & & " & $ $ 5 & $' C & " : A & & $ $ 5 A & & * ) & $' & & = " = ) 17*3 ( = 7* ) = @& 1@ I 6 L6 I 3 ) $ $ % $ & . A & & * # / !" .) ' : .) / & " A & & !+$$ .$$$ A " " " 8 ! B% 7 7! () A " )4) B A % " A A ½¾ 1 3 A 0 ) " & A 0 " & & & : & & 5 & " 0 5 ) 4 & & " * 1 213 !" / & 4 " 9 8 7 Frequency 6 Slot 5 4 3 2 1 0 Time Slot ! % !" / & 5 * 8 B C & 5 ( A ; $ !+ & ) $ " / ) & $' '+M 8 K+M . 0 BF = 8 , 213 1.$ *+,3 / : & /= " A !+ *+,N " !+ *+, .$ - A & & 4 / F & Señal Original Señal Transmitida Amplitud Señal Decodificada Amplitud Amplitud Spreader Correlacion Frecuencia Frecuencia Frecuencia ! F% C 2 .$$$ F 5 & A >? ) & / ! ) A & .$ / " ) & & A ) & : >/ 4 ? $ & 5 N / & " / / 5 O >/? & > ? 1 * 3 " & 0 " / 5 & % 7! " " / & " & & * & - @ Amplitud Amplitud Ruido Señal Spread Correlacion Frecuencia Señal Correlacionada Ruido 11111111111111111111111111 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 11111111111111111111111111 00000000000000000000000000 11111111111111111111111111 00000000000000000000000000 11111111111111111111111111 Frecuencia ! % C 2 .$$$ & & & & % & 5 " & ) O:& 4 MAC MLME MAC MIB SME PHY PLME PHY MIB ! % '' 1'( " ' "3 '( *' " $' 1$" "3 ) ) '2 1' 23 ) $ '* ( 5 /" / & N & & & 5 " 5 " 4 ) % & > /? " $ & 1& 3 $ ) ) & B " ) : " 5 & 1 3 & $ ) ) ) / & $ * !+ '$& ( 5 & ) $ & $ ( " : ( 2 / & ) " # 2 &9 : 2$$ 2 2$$ ) ) 2$$ / 2 6 * " * * " * 6 Beacon AP 1 AP 2 Cliente BSS encontradas: BSS 1, AP 1 BSS 2, AP 2 BSS 3, AP 3 AP 3 AP 4 ! % $ *) ( $ % & $ % " *&." $ " & #& .(! 1! ( . &3 " ) $ % 6 '(/C $ /" ') $ & ) '(/C / ':4 (/C " *& 7 2$$ & *& 7 4 * 2 " & *& 7 6 " ) Probe Request (a) Probe Response AP 1 AP 2 (b) DIFS Mobile station (scanner) Minimum response SIFS time Probe Request DIFS SIFS ACK ACK Tiempo Probe Response AP 1 Contention Window Tiempo .... Probe Response AP 2 Tiempo ! 6% * $ ) 5 2$$ & & 4 56(7 0 )5 ) 2$$ ) 5 )% " 2$$ ) ) . & *+, 4 5 2$$ 5 & * 0 )5 * 1 )3 $ . & 5 ) ) / " ) / / , 2 & 8 ) " 6 % F 1: Association request 2: Association response "Here is your association ID" AP 3: Traffic Client ! 8% * & &9 $ #E : " 1.3 . $ : 6 5 ) 2 # ) ) ( ) & 5 ) ; Old AP 3: IAPP "Please send any buffered frames for.." 1: Reassociation request "My old AP was.." 2: Reassociation response "I am your new AP, and here is your new association ID." Client New AP 5: (optional) "Here are some frames buffered from your old AP." ! ;% * 7 4: IAPP "Why certainly.." A & " & $$ ( A ; % ) ) ) ) ) : ) ) 6 ) ** 1 4 * * 3 8 ) &9 " ) ) ; ) 5 ) & ) 4 / @ 1 BSS 3: Reassociation exchange AP 2 ! @% 7 PQ *& 2 / / PQ ' /= $ K &'( ) *+ #R7" P6Q * .) 2 *+ , - ' E *&4 / P8Q S M" * <