SCHIZOPETALON Sims, Curtis Bot. Mag. 50

SCHIZOPETALON Sims, Curtis Bot. Mag. 50: t. 2379. 1823.
Tribe: Schizopetaleae R. Brown in Barnéoud, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 16: 68. 1845.
Name derivation: Greek deeply cut petals.
Type species: S. walkeri Sims.
Synonyms: Perreymondia Barnéoud, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris III. 3: 168. 1845. Type: P. dentata
Barnéoud.
Herbs annual. Trichomes dendritic, stalked 1- or 2-forked, or rarely simple at stem base.
Multicellular glands absent. Stems erect or rarely decumbent, simple or branched basally. Basal
leaves petiolate, usually not rosulate, simple, pinnatifid to pinnatisect, rarely bipinnatisect or
sinuate-dentate; cauline leaves petiolate, similar to basal ones but progressively smaller upward.
Racemes several flowered, bracteate throughout or only basally, or ebaracteate, corymbose, often
elongated considerably in fruit; rachis straight or rarely flexuous; fruiting pedicels suberect,
divaricate, or reflexed, persistent. Sepals oblong-linear, connivent, free, deciduous, erect, equal,
base of inner pair not saccate. Petals white, erect at base with flaring blade, longer than sepals;
blade obovate in outline, pinnatifid with 7−9 linear to narrowly oblong lobes, involute in bud;
claw strongly differentiated from blade, longer than sepals, glabrous, unappendaged, entire.
Stamens 6, included, erect, slightly tetradynamous; filaments wingless, unappendaged, glabrous,
free, not dilated at base; anthers linear, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands 4, 1 on each side of
lateral stamen; median glands absent. Ovules (8−)20−50(−85) per ovary; placentation parietal.
Fruit dehiscent, capsular siliques, linear, terete, 4-angled, or slightly latiseptate, not inflated,
unsegmented; valves papery, with a prominent or obscure midvein, glabrous or pubescent, not
keeled, torulose, wingless, unappendaged; gynophore absent or to 1 mm; replum rounded,
visible; septum complete, membranous, veinless; style obsolete to 8 mm, cylindric, persistent,
glabrous or pubescent; stigma capitate or sagittae, 2-lobed or subentire, lobes decurrent,
unappendaged. Seeds uniseriate or rarely biseriate, wingless, oblong, ovate, or globose, plump or
sligtly flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons
incumbent or spirally coiled, oblong or linear, entire or bifid to base. x = 10.
Ten species: Chile, with the range of one species in Argentina.
1. Fruit valves with coarse, unbranched or forked long-stalked trichomes mixed with much
smaller 2-forked ones; seeds flattened; cotyledons twisted ........................ 7. S. bipinnatifidum
1. Fruit valves glabrous or uniformly pubescent with small, 1- or 2-forked trichomes; seeds
plump or globose, if flattened then cotyledons not twisted.
2. Racemes ebracteate or only lowermost flowers bracteate.
3. Fruit glabrous; seeds globose; cotyledons deeply bifid, spirally twisted .................. 10. S.
maritimum
3. Fruit pubescent; seeds oblong to ovate; cotyledons entire, straight.
4. Fruit straight, erect to divaricate; seeds biseriate ................................. 1. S. biseriatum
4. Fruit usually arcuate or tortuous, often reflexed, rarely spreading; seed uniseriate.
5. Fruit subterete, usually tortous; seeds oblong, 1.6−2(−2.4) mm; lowermost leaves
sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, rarely pinnatisect, ultimate segments usually
1.5−2.5 mm wide ................................................................................ 4. S. rupestre
5. Fruit flattened, arcuate, never tortous; seeds ovate, 1−1.2 mm; leaves pinnatisect,
ultimate segments usually to 1 mm wide ...................................... 2. S. tenuifolium
2. Racemes bracteate throughout.
6. Seeds globose; cotyledons deeply bifid, spirally twisted; fruit straight to slightly curved;
fruiting pedicels straight or rarely arcuate.
7. Infructescense dense, corymbose, 2−3 cm long; fruit 3−3.6 mm wide; styles
obsolete to 0.4 mm ............................................................................9. S. corymbosum
7. Infructescence lax, elongated racemes to 15 cm long; fruit 1.5−(−2.2) mm wide;
styles (1−)1.5−3(−5) mm long.
8. Fruit flattened, glabrous; leaves pinnatisect into linear or narrowly oblong
bifid lobes
...............................................................................10. S. maritimum
8. Fruit terete, pubescrnt or rarely glabrescrnt, at least some leave
sinuate-dentate ..................................................................................... 8. S. walkeri
6. Seeds ovate to oblong; cotyledons entire, straight; fruit often arcuate; fruiting pedicels
strongly curved, forming a loop, sigmoid, or rarely straight.
9. Fruits flattened; fruiting pedicels straight, 3−5(−6.5) mm long; seeds ovate, flattened,
1.1−1.3 mm long ...................................................................................3. S. arcuatum
9. Fruits terete; fruiting pedicels strongly arcuate, sigmoid, or forming a loop,
(6−)8−1.5(−20) mm long; seeds oblong, plump, (1.6−)1.8−2.2 mm long.
10. Fruit narrowly oblong, 1−1.5 cm long, 2.5−3 mm wide; middle and upper bracts
pinnate; lower stems with 1- or 2-forked trichomes; styles 1.8−1.2 mm long; seeds
4 or 5 per locule; nectar glands to 0.1 mm long in fruit ............6. S. brachycarpum
10. Fruits linear, 3.5−5.5(−7) cm long, 1.3−1.8(−2) mm wide; middle and upper
bracts entire to dentate; lowers stems usually with some unbranched trichomes;
styles 2−6(−8) mm long; seeds (10−)12−14 per locule; nectar glands
0.3−0.7 mm long in fruit ....................................................................5. S. dentatum
1. Schizopetalon biseriatum Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 81: 192. 1892. TYPE: Chile, Caldera,
Sep 1885, F. Philippi 1941 (holotype, SGO!).
Plants sparsely to densely pubescent with dendritic or forked trichomes. Stems branched or
simple at base, (4−)8−20(−27) cm tall, densely pubescent near base, sparsely so or glabrescent
above. Basal leaves pinnatifid to pinnatisect, 2−8 cm long; lateral lobes linear to oblong, bifid or
undivided, 0.5−1.5 mm wide; cauline leaves few, smaller than basal, usually less divided.
Racemes ebracteate, elongated in fruit; rachis slightly to distinctly flexuous; fruiting pedicels
straight, divaricate-ascending, (3−)6−12(−20) mm long. Sepals sparsely pubescent, 5−7 mm;
petals 14−20 mm long; claws 7−10 mm long; filaments 6−8 mm long; anthers (1.5−)2−3 mm
long; nectar glands toothlike, 0.4−0.6 mm long in fruit; ovules .. −.. per ovary. Fruits linear,
torulose, straight, erect to divaricate, latiseptate, (2.2−) 3−4(−4.8) cm × 2.2−2.8 mm; valves
pubescent, with a prominent midvein and anastomosing lateral veins; style 0.1−0.8(−2.2) mm
long. Seeds biseriate, compressed, ovate, reddish to yellowish brown, minutely reticulate, 1−1.2
× 0.7−0.8 mm; cotyledons oblong, undivided, incumbent.
Flowering: Sep−Oct.
Habitat: sandy hills, sandy areas around rock outcrops.
Elevation: 50−580 m.
Specimens examined: CHILE: Región III (Atacama): between Caldera and Obispito, Bohlen
1221 (SGO); Dep Copiapó, El Caseron, camino de Copiapó a Caldera, Muñoz & Johnson 1929
(SGO); Maina Candelaria, 71 km SW Copiapó, Muñoz & Johnson 1931 (SGO); Atacama, 13
Feb. 1911, Porter s.n. (K); Carrizal, King s.n. (E); N Carrizal Bajo, Quebarada Honda, Muñoz
4692 (MO, SGO); Caldera, 1922, Gigoux s.n. (GH, K, S, US), Morong 1314 (E, GH, K, MO,
NY, US), Morong 1161 (NY), Morong 1174 (NY); Prov. Copiapo, rte 1 N of Caldera, ca. 10 km,
26°50′S, 70°45′W, Taylor et al. 10698 (CONC, MO); Playa Las Machas o f Bahia Inglesa, just S
of Caldera, 27°10′S, 70°50′W, Taylor et al. 10685 (CONC, MO); Morro de Copiapó, SW of
Caldera, Worth & Morrison 16193 (BH, DS, G, K, NA, UC); near Copiapo, Zöllner 11915 (MO,
NA); Monte Amargo, Werdermann 443 (B, BM, CAS, CONC, E, F, G, GH, K, MO, NY, S, SI,
US); Llano Travesia, Schlegel 3889 (CONC, OS); Chañaral, Ricardi 2261 (CONC); Coquimbo:
Bridges 1281 (E, GH, K, P), Bridges 1282 (G); Caldera, Jiles 5303 (CONC).
Sympatry between Schizopetalon biseriatum and S. rupestre is documented by the mixed
collection Zöllner 11915 (NA), cited herein under both species. It is unlikely that the two species
hybridize, as I have not seen any intermediate collections between the two species.
2. Schizopetalon tenuifolium Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 81: 191. 1892. Schizopetalon
gayanum Barnéoud var. tenuifolium (Philippi) Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 90: 137. 1895.
TYPE: Chile. Carrizal Bajo, Thomas King s.n. (lectoytope, designated by Al-Shehbaz (1989),
SGO!).
Plants uniformly pubescent with fine dendritic or forked trichomes. Stems somewhat
flexuous, branched near base, rarely simple, (10−)17−40 cm tall. Basal leaves and lowermost
cauline pinnatisect, (2.5−)4−8 cm long; lateral lobes bifid into linear to oblong segments 5−13
mm long and 0.5−1 mm wide. Racemes ebracteate or only lowermost flowers bracteate, greatly
elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels straight or slightly curved, divaricate, slender,
(5−)6−8.5(−12) mm long. Sepals sparsely pubescent, 6−7.5 mm; petals 14−17 mm long; claws
6−9 mm long; filaments 6−7 mm long; anthers ca. 2 mm long; nectar glands toothlike, 0.3−0.4
mm long in fruit; ovules ….−… per ovary. Fruits linear, torulose, arcuate or rarely straight,
latiseptate, 3.5−5(−5.5) cm × 1.5−1.6(−1.75) mm; valves pubescent, obscurely veined; style 0.5−
2 mm long; stigma lobes divergent. Seeds uniseriate, somewhat compressed, ovate, brown,
minutely reticulate, 1−1.2 × 0.6−0.8 mm; cotyledons oblong, undivided, incumbent.
Flowering: Sep−Oct.
Habitat: sandy river beds.
Specimens examined: Chile. Región III (Atacama): Algarrobal, Jiles 2162 (CONC); desert
Atacama, Geisse 26 (NY); Bandurrias (Cerro Blanco), 1888, Geisse s.n. (CONC, SGO), Zöllner
9822 (CONC), Geisse 1798b (SGO); Carrizal Bajo, 15 Sept. 1965, Behen s.n (CONC);
Chañarcillo, Sept. 1885, Brochers & F. Philippi s.n. (BM, SGO), F. Philippi s.n. (SGO);
between Vallenar and Copiapó, Kohler 131 (CONC), Garaventa 8228 (BACP, SI); La Travesia,
16 Oct 1961, Garaventa s.n. (CONC); between Canto del Agu and Carrizal Bajo, Zöllner 6176
(NA); Carretera Panamericana, km 750, cruce Cñañarcillo, 27°51′S, 70°29′W, Teillier 855
(CONC, MO); Punta de Diaz, entre Copiapó y Vallenar, 28°7′S, 70°26′W, Teillier 423 (CONC).
3. Schizopetalum arcuatum Al-Shehbaz, Harvard Pap. Botany 1: 34. 1989. TYPE: Chile. Prov.
Atacama: Dept. Freirina, Camino a Carrizalillo por Quebrada Chañaral, 4 km SE de la junta
del camino El Morado, 350 m, 28°57′S, 71°17′W, 23 Oct 1971, C. Marticorena, R. Rodrígues
& E. Weldt 1803 (holotype, OS!; isotype, CONC!, F!).
Plants sparsely pubescent throughout with dendritic or forked trichomes. Stems erect,
branched at base, 14−25 cm tall. Basal leaves pinnatisect, 2−4 cm long; lateral lobes ovate to
oblong, 2−6 mm long, 1−3 mm wide; cauline leaves similar to basal but decreasing in size
upward. Racemes bracteate throughout, greatly elongated in fruit; bracts pinnatisect, much
longer than pedicels; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels stout, straight or nearly so, divaricate,
sparsely pubescent, 3−5(−6.5) mm long. Sepals sparsely to densely pubescent with fine dendritic
trichomes, 5.5−7 mm; petals 12−15 mm long; claws 8−10 mm long; filaments 6.5−7.5 mm long;
anthers 2−2.5 mm long; nectar glands toothlike, 0.5−0.6 mm long in fruit; ovules ….−… per
ovary. Fruits linear, smooth or only slightly torulose, arcuate, latiseptate, 4−5.5(−6.5) cm × 1.6−
1.9 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent with soft, dendritic or bifurcate trichomes, with a
prominent midvein and anastomosing lateral veins; style 0.1−0.6 mm long; stigma lobes usually
extending over valves. Seeds uiseriate, compressed, ovate, yellowish brown, minutely reticulate,
1−1.3 × 0.7−0.8 mm; cotyledons oblong, undivided, incumbent.
Known thus far only from the type collection.
4. Schizopetalon rupestre (Barnéoud) Reiche, Ann. Univ. Chile 90: 139. 1895. Perreymondia
rupestris Barnéoud, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris III. 3: 168. 1845. TYPE: Chile [cehautillans du
Cordilieras d’Ovalle],1839, C. Gay [330] (holotype, P!; isotypes, K!, P!).
Perreymondia brongniartii Barnéoud, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris III. 3: 168. 1845; Schizopetalon
brongniartii (Barnéoud) Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 90: 138. 1895; S. walkeri Sims var.
brongniartii (Barnéoud) Gilg & Muschler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 465. 1909. TYPE: Chile.
Copiapó, 1839, C. Gay s.n. (holotype, P!; fragment, F!).
Schizopetalon san-romanii Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 81: 191. 1892; S. dentatum (Barnéoud)
Gilg & Muschler var. san-romanii (Philippi) Gilg & Muschler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 465.
1909. TYPE: Chile. Quebrada de Codecido, San Roman [128a] (lectotype, designated by AlShehbaz (1989), SGO 63877!).
Plants canescent to yellowish tomentose with dendritic trichomes. Stems branched or rarely
simple at base, (5−)8−26(−45) cm tall, densely pubescent with fine dendritic trichomes, lower
portions rarely with simple or long-stalked forked trichomes. Basal leaves oblong to lanceolate
in outline, sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, (1.5−)2.2−6(−9) cm long; lateral lobes ovate to oblong,
2−6 mm long, 1.5−2.5 mm wide; cauline leaves short petiolate to subsessile, smaller and usually
less divided than basal. Racemes ebracteate, greatly elongated in fruit; rachis usually flexuous;
fruiting pedicels strongly recurved and often forming a loop, rarely straight and divaricate,
(2−)3−8(−14) mm long. Sepals (4.5−)5.5−9 mm; petals creamy white, (12−)14−18 mm long;
claws 5−8(−10) mm long; filaments 5−8 mm long; anthers 2−3 mm long; nectar glands crescent
shaped, to 0.1 mm long in fruit; ovules ….−… per ovary. Fruits linear, torulose, usually strongly
tortous, reflexed to spreading, subterete, 2.2−4.5(−5.8) cm × 1.6−2.5(−2.8) mm; valves sparsely
to densely pubescent, prominently to obscurely veined, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse; style
0.5−1(−3) mm long. Seeds uiseriate, oblong, brown, minutely reticulate, 1.6−2(−2.4) × 0.7−1(−
1.3) mm; cotyledons oblong, undivided, incumbent.
Flowering: Oct−Feb.
Habitat: talus, dry gravelly areas, stony slopes.
Elevation: 1900−4000 m.
Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. La Rioja: Dep. Gral. Sarmiento, betw. la Laguna Brava
and El Paso Pircas Negras, Alrededores del Refugio de Pastillos, Biurrun, Molina & Barrera
5308 (SI); Dep Lamdria?, Valle el rio Blanco, Krapovickas & Hunziker 5655 (BAA). Mendoza:
between Puent del Inca and Las Cuevas, Böcher et al. 2180 (BAA, MO); Las Heras, Puente del
Inca, Leal 6656 (BAA, BACP). San Juan: Arroyo Tambillos, trail from Paso de Valeriano,
Johnston 6088 (GH); Dept. de las Taguas, Cajóon de los Tambillos, 10 Feb. 1950, Castellanos
s.n. (P); Cordillera del Espinazito, Valle del Portillo, Kurtz 9692 (BAA, GH, SI); near junta del
Rio Tagua and Rio Cura, Johnston 6157 (F, GH, K, US); Valle de Cura, Junta del Arroyo Blanco
and Luvernadas, Moreau 30/83 (CONC); Dep Iglesia, Río de la Placa, Quebrada Honda,
29°26′S, 69°24′W, Kiesling 9500 (SI); Reser. De San Guillermo, Baños de San Crispín, Meglioli
34 (SI); Valle el Río de las Tagues, Pujalte 200 (BACP, SI); Dep Calingasta, El Pachón, Kiesling
et al. 8100 (SI). CHILE. III: Atacama, Huasco, Cuenca de El Tránsito, Quebrada Cantaritos,
28°38′S, 69°51′W, Teillier 4969 (CONC); Campamento de Pedernales, Zöllner 3954 (CONC);
Porterillos, Johnston 4722 (GH), Zöllner 18548 (MO, NA); Cordillera del Pulido, Vegas de los
Helades, 21 Feb. 1970, Niemeyer s.n. (CONC); Quebrada de Dona Ines Chica, Jan. 1886, Gigoux
s.n. (GH); Quebrada Serna, San Roman 2112, 1828 (SGO); Cordillera Rio Turbio, Cl. Cadillal,
Werdermann 947 (B, CAS, CONC, E, F, G, GH, K, MO, NY, S, SI, UC, US); Quebrada
Chiches, Vega Chinches, Marticorena, Mathtei & Qezada 532, 548 (CONC); Sierra San Miquel,
Quebrada Tolar, Johnston 4941 (GH); between Copiapó and Tinogasta, Cuesta El Salto,
Villagrán & Arroyo 4646 (CONC); near Copiapo, Zöllner 11915 (NA); Mosca Muerta, 19 Feb.
1973, Niemeyer s.n. (CONC); Quebrada Pedernales, Zöllner 18339 (MO, NA); Quebrada
Vizcachas, Marticorena, Arroyo & Villagrán 83578 (CONC, OS); Camino al Salar de
Maricunga, km 88, Ricardi, Marticorena & Mattei 573 (CONC); Camino al Salar de Maricunga,
km 124, Ricardi, Marticorena & Matthei 595 (B, CONC, F); Laguna Chica, Johnston 5979 (GH,
K, S, US); Vega del Obisop, 15 Feb. 1975, Niemeyer s.n. (CONC); Rio Laguna Grande, between
Potrero de Toledo and Quebrada Candelilla, Marticorena, Arroyo & Villagrán 81518, 83388,
83424 (CONC), Copiapo, La Pepa, 27°17′S, 69°25′W, Billiet & Jadin 5575 (MO); Chañaral,
Barros 2776 (SI); 12.4 km E jct to Coipa on rd to Tinogasta, Marticorena et al. 9845 (CONC).
IV: Coquimbo, Valle del Elqui, vega Piuquenes de Baños del Toro, 19 Jan 1979, Osorio s.n.
(SGO); Baños del Toro, [29°50′S, 70°2′W], Werdermann 192 (BM, CAS, CONC, E, F, G, GH,
K, MO, S, SI, UC, US), Wagenknecht 18498 (CONC, F, G, GH, MO, UC), Morrison &
Wagenknecht 17193 (DS, K), Zöllner 10273 (MO, NA), Zöllner 12626 (MO, NA), Zöllner
12655 (MO, NA), Ricardi, Marticorena & Matthei 127 (CONC), Hellwig 3690 (G); Cerro de
Tapado, Arroyo 81038, 81093 (CONC); La Laguna de Elqui, Barros 6613, 6617 (US); 11 km E
Embalse La Laguna, Ricardi, Marticorena & Matthei 1780 (CONC); Cordillera Doña Ana,
Cancha de Sky, 29°52′S, 70°3′W, Squeo 88002 (CONC, MO); Cordillera Doña Ana, Km 29,
29°47′S, 70°2′W, Squeo 88042 (CONC, MO); Elqui, Km 29, 29°47′S, 70°0′W, Squeo 88086
(CONC); 21.4 km N Juntas del Toro onr rd to Baños del Toro, Stuessey & Ruiz 12787 (CONC).
5. Schizopetalon dentatum (Barnéoud) Gilg & Muschler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 465. 1909.
Perreymondia dentata Barnéoud, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris III. 3: 168. 1845. TYPE: Chile, C. Gay
1168 (holotype, P!; isotypes, GH!, K!, P!).
Perreymondia multifida Barnéoud, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris III. 3: 168. 1845. TYPE: Chile, Prov.
Coquimbo, 1838, C. Gay s.n. (holotype, P!).
Perreymondia viridis Philippi, Linnaea 28: 668. 1856; Schizopetalon viride (Philippi) Reiche,
Anal. Univ. Chile 90: 139. 1895. TYPE: Chile. Prov. Santiago, near Las Arañas (Argentina),
Anonymous (holotype, SGO!).
Diplotaxis chilensis Barnéoud in Gay, Fl. Chile 1(2): 132. 1846. TYPE:
Plants pubescent with simple, forked, or bifurcate trichomes. Stems usually simple at base,
12−35(−47) cm tall, lower portions with simple and/or long-stalked forked trichomes. Basal
leaves and lower cauline lanceolate to oblanceolate in outline, sinuate to lyrate-pinnatifid, rarely
pinnatisect, 3−7 cm long, 0.6−1.4 cm wide; lateral lobes repand, obtuse. Racemes bracteate
throughout, greately elongated in fruit; bracts much longer than and adnate to fruiting pedicels,
lower ones dentate to rarely pinnatifid, upper ones entire or sometime distally 3-toothed; rachis
straight; fruiting pedicels usually forming a loop or strongly recurved, sometimes sigmoid,
(6−)8−15(−20) mm long. Sepals 6.5−10 mm; petals 18−22 mm long; claws 8−10 mm long;
filaments 6−8 mm long; anthers 2−2.5 mm long; nectar glands toothlike, (0.3−)0.4−0.6(−0.7)
mm long in fruit; ovules 20−30 per ovary. Fruits linear, obscurely torulose, strongly arcuate to
falcate, reflexed or divaricate, subterete, 3.5−5.5(−7) cm × 1.5−1.8(−2) mm; valves moderately
pubescent or glabrescent outside, glabrous or sparsely pubescent inside, with a prominent
midvein, obtuse at both ends or acute at apex; style 2−6(−8) mm long; stigma with prominently
decurrent lobes. Seeds uiseriate, plump, dark brown to nearly black, minutely reticulate,
(1.6−)1.8−2 × 0.9−1.1 mm; cotyledons oblong, undivided, incumbent.
Flowering: Sep−Oct(−Feb).
Elevation: 640−2300 m.
Specimens examined: CHILE: Coquimbo: Cuesta de La Viñita, camino de Arqueros, Muñoz
4231 (SGO). Región Aconcagua: San Felipe, Zöllner 4265 (CONC); Rio Blanco, Zöllner 3429
(CONC); Hacimiento de Rio Torea, 1889, 1890, Geisse s.n. (SGO); Cordillera Santa Maria,
1825, Gillies s.n. (K); San Antonio de las Bodegas, Sept. 1853, Brochers s.n. (SGO); Caquisito,
La Calera, Zöllner 7250 (CONC, NA, SI); Cero Caquisito, Dec. 1961, Zöllner s.n. (BACP, SI);
Concón, 12 Oct. 1882, F Philippi s.n. (BM). III: Potrerillos, 2 km bajando Cuesta Los Patos,
Muñoz et al. 2757 (SGO). V: Valparaiso, Algarrobo, 33°22′S, 71°40′W, Hochstetter 6796
(CONC). Santiago: Cordillera de Santiago, 1856-1857, Germain s.n. ( BM, G, K, P); Cordillera
de Las Condes, 3 Oct. 1946, Garcia s.n. (CONC); Valle San Ramón, Feb. 1933, Grandjot s.n.
(CONC, MO, S); Peñalolén, E of Santiago, Looser 1172 (B, CONC, SI); Cerro Abanico, C. & G.
Grandjot 879a (GH, SI); Cerro Provincia, Schlegel 3073 (CONC, OS). Mt. Nuñoa, ClaudeJoseph 1745 (US).
6. Schizopetalon brachycarpum Al-Shehbaz, Harvard Pap. Bot. 1: 38. 1989. TYPE: Chile.
Región Metropolitana. Prov. Santiago, Los Azules, 2250 m, 33°29′S, 70°23′W, 21 Nov. 1955,
F. Schlegel 926 (holotype, CONC!).
Plants pubescent with forked or bifurcate trichomes. Stems branched at base, 15−21 cm tall,
pubescent near base with forked trichomes. Basal leaves pinnatisect, 3.5−6 cm long; lateral lobes
ovate to oblong, 2- or 3-segmented, (2−)3−7 mm long, (0.5−)1−1.5 mm wide; cauline leaves
similar to and smaller than basal. Racemes bracteate throughout, greatly elongated in fruit; bracts
pinnatisect to pinnatifid, usually adnate to lowermost portion of pedicels; rachis straight; fruiting
pedicels strongly rucurved, arcuate or forming a loop, 9−20 mm long. Sepals 5−7 mm; petals
13−16 mm long; claws 7.5−9 mm long; filaments 5−6.5 mm long; anthers 2−2.5 mm long; nectar
glands crescent shaped, to 0.1 mm long in fruit; ovules 8−10 per ovary. Fruits narrowly oblong,
slightly torulose, arcuate, subterete, 1−1.5 cm × 2.5−3 mm; valves pubescent with forked and
bifurcate trichomes; style 0.8−1.2 mm long. Seeds uiseriate, oblong, dark brown, minutely
reticulate, ca. 2.2 × 1.4 mm; cotyledons oblong, undivided, incumbent.
Known only from the type gathering.
7. Schizopetalon bipinnatifidum Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile 81: 192. 1892. TYPE: Chile. Prov.
Coquimbo, near Paihuano, 1884, Felix A. Peralta s.n. (holotype, SGO!).
Plants canescent with long-stalked, forked, bifurcate, or dendritic trichomes. Stems branched or
simple at base, 10−30(−43) cm tall, lower and sometimes middle portions with stiff, spreading,
simple or long-stalked forked trichomes to 2 mm long. Basal leaves usually rosulate, finely
pinnatisect, (2−)4−10 cm long; lateral lobes 4−12 on each side of rachis, usually bifid or rarely
pinnatifid, ultimate segments oblong to linear or oblanceolate, 0.4−1.6 mm wide; cauline leaves
few, similar than basal, gradually reduced in size upward. Racemes bracteate throughout or only
rarely along lower half, elongated in fruit; bracts pinnatifid to pinnatisect; rachis straight; fruiting
pedicels strongly recurved and often forming a loop, 6−10 mm long. Sepals (6−)7−8(−9) mm;
petals 12−18 mm long; claws 6−10 mm long; filaments 6−9 mm long; anthers 2−2.2 mm long;
ovules ….−… per ovary. Fruits linear, torulose, straight or slightly arcuate, strongly reflexed,
terete, (2.5−)4−5.5 cm × 1.8−2 mm; valves densely pubescent with a mixture of fine bifurcate
trichomes and coarser, simple or thick-stalked, somewhat bulbous-based forked or bifurcate
ones; style 1−2(−3) mm long. Seeds uniseriate, compressed, ovate, reddish brown, minutely
reticulate, 1.6−1.8 × 1.2−1.4 mm; cotyledons filiform, undivided, spirally coiled.
Flowering: Sep−Oct.
Habitat: slopes and rocked areas.
Elevation: 350−2400 m.
Specimens examined: CHILE: Región Atacama: 30 km S Vallenar, Ricardi & Marticorena
4454/839 (CONC); Vallenar, Estancia La Torta, 18 Sept. 1949, Behen s.n. (CONC). Región
Coquimbo: Cuesta de La Viñita, al interior de Marquesa, camino al Mineral de Arqueros, Muñoz
4207 (SGO), Muñoz 4209 (SGO). Obs. La Silla, 29°15.5′S, 70°44′W, 220 Oct. 1991, Grenon
s.n. (G); Cuesta del Almendro, 20 km S of Vicuña on road to Hurtado, Wagenknecht 18550
(CONC, G, GH, MO, UC); Pass Pajonales, Zöllner 12026 (MO, NA); Elqui, 1884, F. Philippi
s.n. (BM); Paihuano-Rivadavia road, 24 Sept. 1949, Behen s.n. (CONC); Paihuano, Oct. 1878,
Philippi s.n. (SGO), E Mineral Los Cristales, Quebrada Las Salinas, Marticorena, Rodríquez &
Weldt 1717 (CONC); Cuesta de La Viñita, Ricardi & Marticorena 4553/938 (CONC); Los
Molle, Jiles 4500 (CONC); La Hualtata, Jiles 1545 (CONC); Limarí, Mina Mantos Grandes,
Jiles 3540 (CONC); Monte Grande, 19 Oct. 1963, Zöllner s.n. (CONC, SI); Los Vilos, Sep 1952,
Pena s.n. (CONC).
8. Schizopetalon walkeri Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: t. 2379. 1823. TYPE: Chile, grown at Kew from
seeds collected by John Walker (holotype, K!).
Plants sparsely to densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes often mixed with forked or
bifurcate ones. Stems branched or simple at base, (6−)13−34(−40) cm tall. Basal leaves usually
not rosulate, lanceolate in outline, sinuate to pinnatifid, (2−)3−10(−14) cm long, (0.3−)0.6−2(−
3.5) cm wide; cauline leaves similar to basal. Racemes bracteate throughout, greatly elongated in
fruit; bracts adnate to pedicel or attached to rachis, lower ones dentate, upper ones entire; rachis
straight; fruiting pedicels straight or rarely recurved, divaricate or rarely reflexed, (4−)6−15(−23)
mm long. Sepals (5−)5.5−7.5(−8) mm; petals white, (14−)16−20 mm long; claws (6−)7−9(−10)
mm long; filaments 5−7.5 mm long; anthers (1.5−)2−2.8 mm long; nectar glands toothlike, 0.4−
0.8 mm long in fruit; ovules ….−… per ovary. Fruits linear, torulose, straight, divaricate or
rarely reflexed, terete, (1.9−) 3−5(−6) cm × 1.5−2(−2.2) mm; valves pubescent or rarely glabrous,
with a prominent or obscure midvein; style (1−)1.5−2.5(−3) mm long. Seeds uniseriate, globose,
brown, minutely reticulate, 0.9−1.2(−1.3) mm in diam.; cotyledons bifid to base into filiform,
spirally coiled halves.
Flowering: Aug−Dec.
Habitat: coastal dunes, sandy areas.
Elevation: 0−400 m.
Specimens examined: CHILE. Región Coquimbo: Fray Jorge, Ricardi 2142 (CONC), Nordeno
355 (SGO); Tongoy, Zöllner 9484 (MO, NA); Illapel, Ricardi 2002 (CONC); Ñaigué, Jiles 4877
(CONC); Los Vilos, Zöllner 9484 (CONC, NA); same locality, 1 Oct. 1961, Garaventa s.n.
(CONC, MO, SI), Montero 7238 (CONC). Región Aconcagua: San Felipe, Calude-Joseph 1696
2484 (US); Mendanos de Cachagua (Zapallar), 14 Aug. 1950, Garaventa s.n. (CONC, GH, SI); E
Tabo, Aug. 1965, Kohler & Weisser s.n. (CONC); San Antonia, Montero 241 (CONC, GH);
Algarobo, Oct. 1969, Hochstetter s.n. (CONC); Caquisito, Zöllner 8227 (CONC); Cocha,
Zöllner 8217 (MO, NA, NY); Concó, 3 Oct. 1948, Muñoz s.n. (CONC); between Concón and
Las Salinas, 1 Oct. 1939, Behn s.n. (BACP, CONC, SI); El Quisco, Levi 3236 (CONC); Laguna
Verde, 7 Oct. 1930, Garaventa s.n. (CONC, GH, MO, SI); Tapudo, Quebrada El Sulado,
Montero 3226 (CONC); Valparío, Cuming 709 (BM, BR, E, GH, K); Viña del Mar, Bertero
1786 (B, BM, CONC, E, F, G, GH, MO, P, S), Bridges 384 (K); same locality, 5 Sept. 1895,
Buchtien s.n. (E, G, GH, SGO, US); Las Docas, 18 Sept. 1955, Riegel s.n. (CONC). IV: Comuna
de Los Vilos, Punta de Chungo, Teillier & Faúndez 3765 (SGO). Santiago: Sto. Domingo, al sur
dl Llolleo, Looser 1770 (SI).
9. Schizopetalon corymbosum Al-Shehbaz, Harvard Pap. Bot. 1: 41. 1989. TYPE: Chile. Prov.
Coquimbo: Dept. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, 30°40′S, 25 Sept. 1935, Carlos Muñoz P B44 (holotype,
GH).
Plants sparsely pubescent with forked and bifurcate trichomes. Stems branched at base,
decumbent, 10− 15 cm tall, pubescent near base, glabrescent distally. Basal leaves rosulate,
pinnatisect, 4.5−7 cm long; lateral lobes ovate to oblong, 5−8 mm long, 2−2.5 mm wide, sparsely
pubescent with thick, long-stalked forked or bifurcate trichomes; cauline leaves few, pinnatisect,
progressively reduced in size upward. Racemes bracteate throughout, not elongated in fruit; 2−3
cm long, compact; bracts adnate to proximal portion of pedicels, lowermost pinnatisect and much
longer than pedicels, uppermost entire and shorter to subequalling pedicels; rachis straight;
fruiting pedicels straight, divaricate, 9−13 mm long. Sepals 5−6 mm; petals 10−15 mm long;
claws 7.5−9.5 mm long; filaments 5−6.5 mm long; anthers ca. 2 mm long; nectar glands
toothlike, 0.5−0.6 mm long in fruit; ovules 18−30 per ovary. Fruits linear, torulose, straight,
divaricate, latiseptate-tetragonal, 3−4.7 cm × 3−3.6 mm; valves sparsely pubescent, obtuse at
both ends, with a prominent midvein and conspicuously anastomosing lateral veins; style
obsolete to 0.4 mm long. Seeds uniseriate, globose, brown, minutely reticulate, 0.9−1.1 mm in
diam.; cotyledons bifid to base into filiform, spirally coiled halves.
Known thus far only from the type collection.
10. Schizopetalon maritimum Barnéoud, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris III. 3: 168. 1845. TYPE: Chile.
Coquimbo, 1836, C. Gay 57 (holotype, P!; isotype, P!; fragment, F!).
Schizopetalon gayanum Barnéoud in C. Gay, Fl. Chile 1: 145. 1846. TYPE: same as that of S.
maritimum.
Plants sparsely pubescent with dendritic and variously forked trichomes, usually glabrescent
above. Stems branched or simple at base, 10−35(−60) cm tall. Basal leaves lanceolate in outline,
pinnatisect, 2.5−9(−13) cm long, 0.5−2(−4) cm wide; lateral lobes linear to narrowly oblong,
bifid or undivided, 0.3−2 cm long, 0.5−2(−5) mm wide; cauline leaves few, remote, pinnatifid to
pinnatisect, much smaller than basal. Racemes bracteate throughout or only lowermost flowers
bracteate, greatly elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels straight, divaricate or
sometimes recurved, usually glabrous, somewhat flattened at base, (4−)5−9(−17) mm long.
Sepals (5−)6−9 mm; petals (12−)14−20 mm long; claws 6−9 mm long; filaments (4.5−)6−8 mm
long; anthers (1.8−)2−2.5 mm long; nectar glands toothlike, 0.3−0.6 mm long in fruit; ovules
….−… per ovary. Fruits linear, torulose, straight or slightly curved, divaricate or reflexed,
latiseptate-tetragonal, (2.1−)3.5−4.8(−6) cm × 1.5−1.8(−2.2) mm; valves glabrous, with a
prominent midvein and anastomosing lateral veins; style 1−1.7(−2) mm long, rarely obsolete.
Seeds uniseriate, globose, brown, minutely reticulate, 0.8−0.9(−1.2) mm in diam.; cotyledons
bifid to base into filiform, spirally coiled halves.
Flowering: Aug−Sep
Habitat: sand dunes
Elevation: 0−100 m
Specimens examined: CHILE. Región Atacama: Huasco, 20 Sept. 1949, Behn s.n. (CONC, OS);
same locality, 19 Sept. 1963, Monypenny s.n. (CONC). Región Coquimbo: Miramar, entre
Guayacan y La Herradura, Muñoz 3325 (SGO); Dep Coquimbo, Playa de la Herradura, al ?S de
la bahia de Coquimbo, Muñoz 2831 (SGO); Coquimbo, July-Aug. 1865, Harvey s.n. (GH, S),
Wagenknecht 5571 (BACP, GH); Park Nacional Talinay, Zöllner 8972 (NA); Decemboradura del
Río Limarí, Muñoz 3425 (SGO); Ovalle, Quebrada Los Almendros, Marticorena, Rodrígues &
Weldt 1471 (CONC); 10 km S of La Serena, Wagenknecht 294 (BACP, CONC), Wagenknecht
309 (CONC); 40 km S of La Serena, Ricardi & Marticorena 4325/710 (CONC); Heuradura, C.
& I. Skottsberg 1386 (NY, S); Tongoy, Schlegel 3926 (CONC), Zöllner 10310 (CONC, MO);
Tongoy-Guraqueros, Gleisner 12 (CONC). III: 20 km N Huasco on rd to Carrizal Bajo, Bohlen
1350 (SGO). IV: Elqui, Lagunillas, 30°6′S, 71°21′W, Squeo 87038 (CONC).