La valoración de los activos de renta fija renta fija

Anuncio
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
La valoración de los activos de
renta fija
© Juan Mascareñas
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Versión inicial: mayo 1991 - Última versión: marzo 2013
!
!" #$" %&'()$*(+," -%" ./&" 0%,-()(%,'/&" %&1%0$-/&" -%" .$&" %)(&(/,%&" -%"
2%3-$"456.(*$7"8"
!" #$" %&'()$*(+," -%" ./&" 0%,-()(%,'/&" %&1%0$-/&" -%" ./&" 6/,/&"
%)10%&$0($.%&7"9""
!"#$":$./0$*(+,"-%"./&"6/,/&"$)/0'(;$6.%&"$,'(*(1$-$)%,'%7"<""
!"#$":$./0$*(+,"-%".$&"/6.(=$*(/,%&"*/,:%0'(6.%&7"8<"
!"#$"/6.(=$*(+,"*/,:%0'(6.%">"0%&*$'$6.%"$,'(*(1$-$)%,'%7"?<"
!"@(6.(/=0$AB$7"?C"
!
!
!
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!"#$%#&'( )*%+),-#.&#/0'#1&-.)*)&-(0'#&'2&1%.0'#.&#/%'#
&*)')0-&'#.&#3&4.%#567/)+% !
!
"#$!%&#%#'()#$!($*+),&!-#$!&('.+)+('*#$!($%(&,.#$!./&,'*(!(-!%&01+)#!,2#!.(!-,$!
()+$+#'($!.(!.(/.,!&(,-+3,.,$!%#&!(-!4$*,.#5!6$7!8/(!'/($*&#!#9:(*+;#!<#'$+$*+&=!('!
<,-</-,&!-,!*,$,!.(!&('.+)+('*#!($%(&,.,!.(!<,.,!9#'#!/!#9-+>,<+0'!./&,'*(!(-!,2#!
%&01+)#!$,9+('.#!8/(?!('!>('(&,-?!.+<@#!&('.+)+('*#!($%(&,.#!%/(.(!$(&!#9*('+.#!
,!*&,;A$!.(!-,!(1%&($+0'B!
!
Intereses + E[Precio a fin de año]
E(r) =
- 1!
Precio de mercado actual
!
C#)#!&($/-*,!8/(!('!($*(!*+%#!.(!()+$+#'($!-#$!+'*(&($($!,!<#9&,&!./&,'*(!(-!,2#!D($!
.(<+&?!-#$!</%#'($E!$#'!<#'#<+.#$!<#'!<(&*(3,?!('!(-!'/)(&,.#&!.(!-,!(1%&($+0'!,'*(F
!
&+#&!-,!G'+<,!;,&+,9-(!,-(,*#&+,!$(&=!(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!.(-!9#'#!,!H+'!.(!,2#5!I,!
<-,;(!%,&,!#9*('(&!(-!;,-#&!.(!A$*(!G-*+)#!($!($*+),&!$/!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+F
)+('*#!J?!/',!;(3!@(<@#!($*#?!#9*('(&!(-!%&(<+#!,!H+'!.(!,2#!,!*&,;A$!.(!-,!(</,<+0'!
8/(!)#$*&,&()#$!$(>/+.,)('*(5!
!
K+!<#'!#9:(*#!.(!H,<+-+*,&!-,!<#)%&('$+0'!.(!-,!#%(&,<+0'!J!$/$!<=-</-#$?!$/%#'()#$!
8/(!'#$!@,--,)#$!('!(-!)#)('*#!<(&#!J!8/(!(-!<#9&#!.(!-#$!</%#'($!DL:E!*+('(!-/>,&!
,!H+'!.(!,2#?!(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!,-!*A&)+'#!.(-!,2#!DMNE!.(%('.(&=!.(!-#$!+'*(&($($!
8/(!-(!8/(.,'!%#&!<#9&,&!)=$!-,!.(;#-/<+0'!.(-!%&+'<+%,-!D;(&!-,!H+>/&,!NEB!
!
Q2
Q3
Qn + Pn
P1 =
+
+ ... +
!
2
(1 + 1 rn-1 )
(1 + 1 rn-1 )
(1 + 1 rn-1 ) n "1
!
.#'.(! N&'FN! ($!(-!*+%#!.(!&('.+)+('*#!+'*(&'#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#!.(-!9#'#!.($.(!(-!
H+',-!.(-!,2#!N5!
!
!
O+>5N!
!
!
P(,)#$! /'! (:()%-#B! $/%#'>,)#$! 8/(! *('()#$! -,! ($*&/<*/&,! *()%#&,-! .(! -#$! *+%#$!
.(!+'*(&A$!#9$(&;,.,!('!-,!H+>/&,!Q?!</J#$!;,-#&($!$(!%/(.('!,%&(<+,&!('!-,!*,9-,!N5!
1
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
80-0#
9&-.)*)&-(0#
N!,2#!
NR?RRS!
Q!,2#$!
NN?RRS!
U!,2#$!
NN?VWS!
X!,2#$!
NQ?WRS!
W!,2#$!
NU?RRS!
!
!!Z,9-,!N!
!
#
!
!
!
!
!
!
( 1! #
:)&*20#
6@#&,!
T('*&#!.(!N!,2#!
T('*&#!.(!Q!,2#$!
T('*&#!.(!U!,2#$!
T('*&#!.(!X!,2#$!
Z,9-,!Q!
NR?RRS!
NQ?NQS!
NU?WVS!
NW?WNS!
NY?RQS!
!
!
O+>5Q!4$*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!,<*/,-!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!
!
4'!-,!*,9-,!Q!$(!@,'!#9*('+.#!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,!%-,3#!+)%-7<+*#$!%,&,!+';(&$+#'($!
$+'!&+($>#!.(!/'!,2#!.(!%-,3#!DI(*&,$!.(-!Z($#&#?!%#&!(:()%-#E?!8/(!$(!($%(&,'!#9*(F
'(&!.('*&#!.(!/'!,2#?!.('*&#!.(!.#$!,2#$?!(*<5?!,!*&,;A$!.(-!<=-</-#!.(!-,!Z[\!D$(!$/F
%#'(!8/(!'#!(1+$*(!'+'>/',!%&+),!.(!-+8/+.(3E5!
!
K/%#'>,)#$!8/(!*('()#$!/'!9#'#!,-!8/(!-(!8/(.,'!</,*&#!,2#$!.(!;+.,!,!%,&*+&!.(!
@#J]!$(>G'!-,!*,9-,!N?!.+<@#!9#'#!%&#%#&<+#',&=!/',!&('*,9+-+.,.!.(-!NQ?WRS!,'/,-5!
4$!.(<+&?!$+!$/!;,-#&!'#)+',-!($!.(!NRR!(/&#$!D$/%#'>,)#$!8/(!<#+'<+.('!;,-#&!'#)+F
',-!J!%&(<+#!,<*/,-!.(!)(&<,.#E?!,-!H+',-!.(!<,.,!,2#!('*&(>,&=!,!$/!%&#%+(*,&+#!NQ?W!
(/&#$!('!<#'<(%*#!.(!+'*(&($($5!P,)#$!,!<,-</-,&!(-!%&(<+#!.(!.+<@#!9#'#!,-!H+',-!.(-!
,2#!DMNE?!<#'!,&&(>-#!,-!($8/(),!)#$*&,.#!('!-,!H+>/&,!U5!
!
O+>5!U!
!
P1 =
12,5
12,5
12,5 + 100
+
+
= 97,45 ! !
1,1212
(1,1212)(1,1357)
(1,1212) (1.1357) (1.1551)
2
!
!
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
!
K+!,@#&,!.($(,)#$!<,-</-,&!-,!*,$,!+'*(&',!.(!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#!D!1;E?!
'#!@,9&=!)=$!8/(!@,<(&B!
!
12,5
12,5
12,5 + 100
P1 =
+
+
= 97,45 ! " 1 r3 = 13,59%!
2
(1 + 1 r3 )
(1 + 1 r3 )
(1 + 1 r3 ) 3
!
^'!<=-</-#!$+)+-,&!$(!%/(.(!&(,-+3,&!%,&,!-#$!9#'#$!.(!#*&#$!;('<+)+('*#$5!4'!-,!H+F
>/&,!X!$(!)/($*&,!-,!<#)%,&,<+0'!('*&(!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!,<*/,-!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!
+'*(&A$!D-7'(,!'(>&,E!J!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!($*+),.,!%,&,!(-!,2#!%&01+)#!,!*&,;A$!
.(!.+<@#$!<=-</-#$!D-7'(,!>&+$E?!.#'.(!$(!,%&(<+,!<0)#!(-!)(&<,.#!($%(&,!/'!,-3,!.(!
-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,!/'!)('#&!%-,3#!)+('*&,$!-#$!.(!),J#&!%-,3#!*+('.('!,!,%&#1+F
),&$(! ,! -#$! ,<*/,-)('*(! %&(;+$*#$! D#9$A&;($(! <#)#! ('! (-! (:(! .(! ,9$<+$,$! -#$! ,2#$!
@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#!$(!)+.('!,!%,&*+&!.(-!%&01+)#!,2#?!%#&!($#!(-!),J#&!%-,3#!($!.(!
$+(*(!,2#$!J!'#!.(!#<@#!<#)#!($!.($.(!-,!,<*/,-+.,.!F!;(&!H+>/&,!QE5!
!
O+>5X!C#)%,&,<+0'!.(!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!,<*/,-!J!.(!-,!($*+),.,!,!%,&*+&!.(-!%&01+)#!,2#!
!
!
M#&! #*&,! %,&*(?! J,! 8/(! @()#$! ($*+),.#! (-! %&(<+#! ,! H+'! .(! ,2#! .(-! 9#'#! .(! </,*&#!
,2#$! .(! %-,3#?! %#.()#$! <,-</-,&! (-! &('.+)+('*#! ($%(&,.#! .(-! )+$)#! ./&,'*(! ($*(!
,2#!$+'!)=$!8/(!,%-+<,&!-,!$('<+--,!(</,<+0'!;+$*,!,-!<#)+('3#!.(-!(%7>&,H(B!
!
12,50 + 97,45
r =
- 1 = 9,95% !
100
!
C/,'*#!)=$!(1,<*,!&($/-*(!$(&!-,!%&(;+$+0'?!)=$!$(!,%&#1+),&='!('*&(!$7!-,$!*,$,$!.(!
&('.+)+('*#! %,&,! (-! ,2#! %&01+)#! .(! *#.,$! -,$! ()+$+#'($! .(! 9#'#$! ,',-+3,.,$?! $(,!
!
</=-!$(,!$/!;('<+)+('*#5!4$*,!+>/,-.,.!.(!-,$!*,$,$!.(!&('.+)+('*#!('!/'!%(&7#.#!.,F
.#!.(!*+()%#!($!<#'$+$*('*(!<#'!-,!'%/0B$"-%".$&"%D1%*'$'(:$&"-%.")%0*$-/!J?!,.()=$?!
'#$#*&#$!@()#$!,$/)+.#!/',!%&+),!%#&!-+8/+.(3!'/-,5!
!
3
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
^',! ;(3! 8/(! .+$%#'()#$! .(! -,! ($*&/<*/&,! *()%#&,-! %&(;+$*,! %,&,! (-! %&01+)#! ,2#!
<,.,! .+&(<*+;#! H+','<+(&#! %/(.(! &(*#<,&-,! .(! ,</(&.#! ,! -,$! '#*+<+,$! 8/(! -(! ;,J,'!
--(>,'.#!$#9&(!%#-7*+<,!)#'(*,&+,?!*,'*#!($*,*,-!<#)#!()%&($,&+,-?!('!/'!+'*('*#!.(!
,'*+<+%,&$(!,-!)(&<,.#5!!
!
K+! $(! 8/+(&(! ,H+',&! ,G'! )=$?! $(! %/(.(! <,-</-,&! (-! .('#)+',.#! -(A%0%,*($." -%" 0%,!
'$6(.(-$-"0%.$'(:$5!4'!-,!H+>/&,!Q!$(!%/(.('!#9$(&;,&!,!-#!-,&>#!.(!-,!-7'(,!8/(!+'.+<,!-,!
($*&/<*/&,! *()%#&,-! .(! -#$! *+%#$! .(! +'*(&A$?! /',! $(&+(! .(! %/'*#$! +'.+<,*+;#$! .(! -#$!
&('.+)+('*#$!.(!.+;(&$,$!()+$+#'($!.(!9#'#$!/!#9-+>,<+#'($?!J!8/(!@,'!$(&;+.#!%,&,!
(-!,:/$*(!.(!-,!-7'(,!<#)('*,.,5!C#)#!$(!%/(.(!,%&(<+,&!@,J!%/'*#$!8/(!$(!('</('F
*&,'!$+*/,.#$!%#&!('<+),!.(!.+<@,!-7'(,!J!#*&#$!8/(!$(!('</('*&,'!%#&!.(9,:#5!I#$!
8/(!($*='!%#&!('<+),!%&#%#&<+#','!/'#$!),J#&($!%,>#$!$()($*&,-($!#!,'/,-($!%#&!
</%0'!J!$/(-('!$(&!()+*+.#$!%#&!/'!%&(<+#!+>/,-!#!-+>(&,)('*(!$/%(&+#&!,-!%&+'<+%,-!
D($!.(<+&?!--(;,'!/',!10()$"-%"%)(&(+,E?!-#!<#'*&,&+#!-($!#</&&(!,!-#$!8/(!$(!('</('F
*&,'! %#&! .(9,:#?! 8/(! *('.&='! )('#&($! </%#'($! J! $/! %&(<+#! .(! ()+$+0'! $(&=! -+>(&,F
)('*(!+'H(&+#&!,!$/!%&+'<+%,-5!M/($!9+('?!,-!&,*+#!8/(!&(-,<+#',!(-!&('.+)+('*#!,<*/,-!
($%(&,.#!.(!<,.,!9#'#!@,$*,!$/!;('<+)+('*#!J!(-!&('.+)+('*#!8/(!.(9(&7,!#9*('(&!
$(>G'! -,! -7'(,! .(! -,! ($*&/<*/&,! *()%#&,-! $(! -(! .('#)+',! -(A%0%,*($." -%" 0%,'$6(.(-$-"
0%.$'(:$!DT\\E5!M#&!-#!*,'*#?!T\\!%/(.(!$(&!$/%(&+#&!#!+'H(&+#&!,!-,!/'+.,.?!$(>G'!8/(!
(-!&('.+)+('*#!.(-!9#'#!$(!('</('*&(!%#&!('<+),!#!%#&!.(9,:#!.(!-,!-7'(,!&(%&($('F
*,*+;,!.(!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$5!4'!-,!H+>/&,!W!$(!)/($*&,!/'!
($8/(),!,)%-+,.#!.(!-#!<#)('*,.#]!-#$!<7&</-#$!)/($*&,'!(-!&('.+)+('*#!,<*/,-!D1<E!
J!-#$!%/'*#$!'(>&#$!8/(!$(!('</('*&,'!('!-,!-7'(,!.(!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!+'.+<,'!
(-!&('.+)+('*#!8/(!.(9(&7,'!*('(&!$(>G'!-,!)+$),!D=<E5!
!
6$7!8/(!/',!;(3!8/(!(-!+';(&$#&!@,!,:/$*,.#!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'F
*(&A$!8/(!$(!($%(&,!#9*('(&!,!%,&*+&!.(-!%&01+)#!,2#?!%#.&=!<,-</-,&!(-!&('.+)+('*#!
($%(&,.#!.(!/'!.(*(&)+',.#!9#'#!$+'!)=$!8/(!)/-*+%-+<,&-#!%#&!$/!T\\5!K+!A$*(!*/F
;+($(!/'!&,*+#!.(!R?_`W!J!(-!&('.+)+('*#!($%(&,.#!$(>G'!-,!($*&/<*/&,!($%(&,.,!.(!
-#$! *+%#$! .(! +'*(&A$! H/($(! .(-! NQ?XS?! $/! ;(&.,.(&#! &('.+)+('*#! ($%(&,.#! $(&7,! .(!
NQ?QNXS5!6@#&,!%#.&7,!&(<,-</-,&!$/!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!,!H+'!.(!,2#!J!(-!&('.+)+('*#!
($%(&,.#!%,&,!(-!,2#!%&01+)#!,%-+<,'.#!-,$!(1%&($+#'($!),*()=*+<,$!,',-+3,.,$!('!
($*(!(%7>&,H(5!
!
!
O+>5W!4-!.+H(&('<+,-!.(!&('*,9+-+.,.!&(-,*+;,!DT\\E!
4
!
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
!
!
>"#$%#&'()*%+),-#.&#/0'#1&-.)*)&-(0'#&'2&1%.0'#.&#/0'#70-0'#
&*21&'%1)%/&' !
!
M,&,!($*+),&!-#$!&('.+)+('*#$!($%(&,.#$!.(!($*(!*+%#!.(!9#'#$!/!#9-+>,<+#'($!.(9(F
&()#$! *('(&! %&($('*(! 8/(! /',! .(! -,$! <,&,<*(&7$*+<,$! 8/(! -#$! @,<(! .+H(&('*($! .(! -,$!
()+$+#'($! ($*,*,-($! ($! 8/(! *+('('! /',! <+(&*,! %&#9,9+-+.,.! .(! +'$#-;('<+,! .,.#! 8/(!
-,$!()%&($,$!'#!%/(.('!#H&(<(&!-,!)+$),!>,&,'*7,!8/(!(-!4$*,.#N!J?!,.()=$?!('*&(!
(--,$!)+$),$!@,J!9,$*,'*($!.+H(&('<+,$!('!</,'*#!,!$/!&+($>#!H+','<+(&#5!
!
^',!H#&),!.(!+'*&#./<+&!(-!&+($>#!('!(-!,'=-+$+$!.(-!&('.+)+('*#!($%(&,.#!.(!-#$!9#F
'#$!<#'$+$*(!('!)/-*+%-+<,&!-#$!<#9&#$!($%(&,.#$!%#&!+'*(&($($!%#&!/'!<#(H+<+('*(!&(F
%&($('*,*+;#!.(!-,!<(&*(3,!('!&(<+9+&!-#$!)+$)#$!D,-!8/(!.('#)+',&()#$!$.A$!J!8/(!
$(! %/(.(! #9*('(&! &($*='.#-(! ,! -,! /'+.,.! -,! %&#9,9+-+.,.! .(! +)%,>#E! .(! *,-! H#&),!
8/(B!
!
['*(&($($!($%(&,.#$!a!['*(&($($!%&#)(*+.#$!1!$.A$!
!
.#'.(!$.A$!$(&=!$+()%&(!/'!;,-#&!<#)%&('.+.#!('*&(!<(&#!J!-,!/'+.,.5!M#&!(:()%-#?!
$+! %,&,! (-! ,2#! %&01+)#! ($%(&,)#$! &(<+9+&! N?QW! (/&#$! ('! <#'<(%*#! .(! +'*(&($($! J! -,!
%&#9,9+-+.,.!.(!+)%,>#!($!.(-!NS?!-#$!+'*(&($($!($%(&,.#$!$(&='B!N?QW!1!DN!F!R?RNE!a!
N?QUVW!b5!
!
M#&! $/%/($*#?! 8/(! #*&,! H#&),! .(! &(./<+&! ,! <#'.+<+#'($! .(! <(&*(3,! ,! -,! ()+$+0'! .(!
&('*,!H+:,!()%&($,&+,-?!<#'$+$*(!('!,2,.+&!/',!%&+),!.(!&+($>#!D2E!,-!&('.+)+('*#!@,$F
*,! (-! ;('<+)+('*#! $+'! &+($>#! 8/(! <#'$+.(&()#$! )=$! ,%&#%+,.#! D1?E?! <#'! -#! 8/(! *('F
.&7,)#$!/',!(</,<+0'!.(-!*+%#B!
!
Q
Q
Q + Pn
P=
+
+ ... +
!
2
(1 + k)
(1 + k)
(1 + k)n
!
.#'.(!@!($!+>/,-!,!1?#A#25!!
!
!
!
!
1 M#&!$/%/($*#!8/(!<#)#!*#.,!&(>-,!*+('(!$/$!(1<(%<+#'($5!6$7?!%#&!(:()%-#?!Z(-(H0'+<,!&(,-+30!('!),&3#!.(!QRNU!
/',!()+$+0'!.(!9#'#$!DN5RRR!)+--#'($!.(!(/&#$E!,!#<@#!,2#$!8/(!#H&(<7,'!/',!&('*,9+-+.,.!.(-!U?_YS]!+'H(&+#&!,!-,!
.(!-,!.(/.,!%G9-+<,!($%,2#-,!,-!)+$)#!%-,3#5
5
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
#
;"#$%#B%/01%+),-#.&#/%'#07/)C%+)0-&'#%*01()D%7/&'#%-()+) 2% E
.%*&-(& !
!
^',! /6.(=$*(+," $)/0'(;$6.%" /" 0%&*$'$6.%" $,'(*(1$-$)%,'%! ($! ,8/A--,! ('! -,! 8/(! $/!
()+$#&! *+('(! (-! .(&(<@#! .(! &(<#)%&,&-,?! ,! /'! %&(<+#! %&(H+:,.#?! ,'*($! .(! $/! ;('<+F
)+('*#5!4'!-,!H+>/&,!Y!$(!#9$(&;,'!-,$!</&;,$!%&(<+#c&('.+)+('*#!.(!/',!#9-+>,<+0'!
'#&),-!J!.(!/',!8/(!$(&=!,)#&*+3,.,!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!('!</,'*#!$/!%&(<+#!.(!)(&F
<,.#!,-<,'<(!-#$!NRQ!(/&#$5!I,!</&;,!%&(<+#c&('.+)+('*#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-!*+(F
'(!H#&),!<#';(1,!J!&(H-(:,!-,!&(-,<+0'!+';(&$,!('*&(!(-!%&(<+#!.(!/',!#9-+>,<+0'!J!$/!
&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#5!
!
C#)#!$(!#9$(&;,?!)+('*&,$!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!.(-!)(&<,.#!$(!),'*('>,'!,-*#$!'#!
-(! +'*(&($,&=! ,-! ()+$#&! &(*+&,&! ,'*+<+%,.,)('*(! -,$! #9-+>,<+#'($?! %#&! -#! 8/(! ,)9,$!
>&=H+<,$! $(! ,$()(:,'! )/<@#5! M(&#! $+! -#$! *+%#$! .(! +'*(&A$! <#)+('3,'! ,! .($<('.(&! (-!
)=1+)#!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!8/(!%/(.(!,-<,'3,&!(-!9#'#!,)#&*+3,9-(!($!$/!%&(<+#!.(!
Q
,)#&*+3,<+0' B!NRQ!(/&#$5!M&(<+$,)('*(?!</,'.#!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!$#'!+'H(&+#&($!,!
/'! &('.+)+('*#! .(*(&)+',.#! &d! D8/(! ,/'8/(! %/(.(! $(&! .($<#'#<+.#! $,9()#$! 8/(!
(1+$*(E!(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!,)#&*+3,9-(!$(!$(%,&,!.(!-,!#*&,!</&;,!J!
*+('.(!@,<+,!(-!%&(<+#!.(!&(()9#-$#!,'*+<+%,.#]!($*,!%,&*(!.(-!>&=H+<#!*+('(!/',!H#&F
),!8/(!$(!.('#)+',"*/,:%D(-$-",%=$'(:$!J!($!+'.+<,*+;,!.(!-,!*/)10%&(+,"-%."10%*(/!
.(!($*(!*+%#!.(!#9-+>,<+#'($5!4'!<#'<-/$+0'?!$+!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,$<+('.('!(-!<#)F
%#&*,)+('*#! .(! ,)9#$! *+%#$! .(! 9#'#$! ($! (-! )+$)#?! .+H+&+('.#! $+! ,8/A--#$! .($<('F
.+($('5!
!
!
O+>5Y!C/&;,$!%&(<+#c&('.+)+('*#!$(>G'!8/(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!$(,!'#&),-!#!,)#&*+3,9-(!<#'!,'*+<+%,<+0'!('!
</,'*#!$/!%&(<+#!,-<,'<(!-,$!NRQ!(/&#$!
!
I#$!+';(&$#&($!('!($*(!*+%#!.(!9#'#$!$,-('!%(&:/.+<,.#$!*,'*#!%#&8/(!(-!%&(<+#!.(-!
9#'#!*+('(!/'!e*(<@#f!<#)#!%#&8/(!$(!;('!#9-+>,.#$!,!<#&&(&!/'!&+($>#!.(!&(+';(&F
2 El precio de mercado podría superar el precio de amortización anticipada si aún queda suficiente tiempo para la
fecha en que ésta se pueda producir. Lo mismo que les ocurre a las obligaciones normales cuyo precio de mercado
puede superar el precio de reembolso si su rendimiento desciende por debajo del tipo de interés del cupón.
6
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
$+0'! </,'.#! (-! 9#'#! ($! &($<,*,.#5! M#&! (--#! ($*,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! $#'! ()+*+.,$! 9,:#! -,!
%,&!#!9+('!$(!()+*('!,!-,!%,>,&!%(&#!%,>,'.#!/'!</%0'!$/%(&+#&5!
!
4-! ('H#8/(! *&,.+<+#',-! ,! -,! @#&,! .(! ;,-#&,&! /',! #9-+>,<+0'! ,)#&*+3,9-(! ,'*+<+%,.,F
)('*(!<#'$+$*(!('!<,-</-,&!$/!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#!J!<#)%,&,&-#!<#'!$/!
&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!-,!%&+)(&,!H(<@,!.(!,)#&*+3,<+0']!(-+>+('.#!<#)#!&('.+)+('*#!.(!
,8/A--,!(-!)=$!%(8/(2#!.(!,)9#$!;,-#&($5!^',!(1*('$+0'!,!($*(!%&#<(.+)+('*#!<#'F
$+$*(!('!<,-</-,&!(-!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!<,.,!H(<@,!.(!,)#&*+3,<+0'!D#!@,$*,!<,.,!H(<@,!
.(!%,>#!.(!-#$!</%#'($!8/(!8/(.,'!%#&!&(<+9+&E?!*#.#$!(--#$!$(!<#)%,&,&='!('*&(!$7!J!
<#'!(-!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#?!$+('.#!(-!)=$!9,:#!.(!*#.#$!(--#$!(-!.('#F
)+',.#!0%,-()(%,'/"%,"./"1%/0!D>(%.-"$'"E/0&%E?!8/(!$(&7,!(-!(-(>+.#!%,&,!&(,-+3,&!(-!
,'=-+$+$5!
!
F<&*2/0B! K/%#'>,)#$! 8/(! /',! ()%&($,! @,! ()+*+.#! /'! ()%&A$*+*#! <#)%/($*#! %#&!
#9-+>,<+#'($!.(!NRR!(/&#$!8/(!%&#)(*(!%,>,&!/'!NRS!,'/,-?!%#&!,'/,-+.,.($!;('<+F
.,$?!J!,-!8/(!-(!&($*,'!<+'<#!,2#$!.(!;+.,5!I,!()+$+0'!--(;,!,%,&(:,.,!-,!%#$+9+-+.,.!.(!
$(&!,)#&*+3,.,!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!.('*&#!.(!.#$!,2#$?!%#&!/'!%&(<+#!.(!&(()9#-$#!.(!
NRQ!(/&#$5!K/!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!($!,<*/,-)('*(!.(!NRX?WR!(/&#$5!
!
4-!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#!.(!.+<@,!#9-+>,<+0'!$(!<,-</-,&=!.($%(:,'.#!&;!
.(!-,!$+>/+('*(!(</,<+0'B!
!
5
10
100
104,5 = "
# rv = 8,8476% !
j +
(1 + rv )5
j=1 (1 + rv )
!
M#&!#*&#!-,.#?!(-!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!-,!%&+)(&,!H(<@,!.(!;('<+)+('*#!D&,E!$(!<,-</-,&=!
.(!-,!$+>/+('*(!H#&),B!
!
!
10
112
104,5 =
+
" ra = 8,4215%!
(1 + ra )
(1 + ra )2
!
C#)#!&,!g!&;!*#),&()#$!<#)#!&('.+)+('*#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!`?XQNWS5!h*&,!H#&),!.(!
<#)%&#9,&-#!<#'$+$*(!('!+>/,-,&!,)9,$!(</,<+#'($?!.($%(:,&!&?!J!<,-</-,&!</=-!($!(-!
!
%&(<+#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!%,&,!.+<@,!&?!<#'!-#!8/(!#9*('.&()#$!(-!.('#)+',.#!10%*(/"
-%"*03*%B!
!
5
10
100
10
112
" (1 + r ) j + (1 + r )5 = (1 + r ) + (1 + r )2 # r = 9,207% !
j=1
!
(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!%,&,!/'!&('.+)+('*#!.(-!_?QRVS!($!+>/,-!,!NRU?RY`!b!8/(!($!
(-! 10%*(/" -%" *03*%5! C#)#! 8/+(&,! 8/(! A$*(! G-*+)#! ($! +'H(&+#&! ,-! %&(<+#! .(! )(&<,.#!
!
DNRX?W!(/&#$E!&(%&($('*,!8/(!@,J!>&,'.($!%&#9,9+-+.,.($!.(!8/(!-,!()%&($,!%&#<(.,!
,!,)#&*+3,&!-,!()+$+0'!.('*&#!.(!/'!%,&!.(!,2#$5!
!
7
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
U
;"!#F/#&-?0G4&#.&#/%#(&01H%#.&#B%/01%+),-#.&#02+)0-&' !
h*&,!H#&),!.(!('H#<,&!-,!;,-#&,<+0'!.(!/',!()+$+0'!.(!#9-+>,<+#'($!8/(!%/.+($(!$(&!
,)#&*+3,.,!%&(),*/&,)('*(!,!.+$<&(<+0'!.(!-,!('*+.,.!()+$#&,?!<#'$+$*(!('!<#'*()F
%-,&!,!.+<@,!+';(&$+0'!('!&('*,!H+:,!<#)#!/',!<,&*(&,!<#)%/($*,!.(!.#$!*7*/-#$B!/'#!
.(!(--#$!$(&=!-,!%&#%+,!()+$+0'!$+'!*('(&!('!</('*,!-,!%#$+9-(!,)#&*+3,<+0'!,'*+<+%,F
.,?!)+('*&,$!8/(!(-!#*&#!$(&=!/',!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!%#&!%,&*(!.(!-,!()%&($,!()+$#&,!
$#9&(!.+<@#!()%&A$*+*#5!4$!.(<+&?!(-!+';(&$#&!%#$((!/',!1/&(*(+,".$0=$!('!#9-+>,<+#F
'($!J!/',!1/&(*(+,"*/0'$!('!#%<+#'($!.(!<#)%&,5!4-!;,-#&!'(*#!.(!,)9,$!%#$+<+#'($!
;+('(!.,.#!%#&!(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!,)#&*+3,9-(!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(?!
8/(!,%,&(<(&=!%/9-+<,.#!('!-,!-+$*,!.(!<#*+3,<+#'($!.(-!)(&<,.#!.(!;,-#&($5!4-!%&(<+#!
.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!()+$+0'!$(&=!+>/,-!,!-,!.+H(&('<+,!('*&(!(-!%&(<+#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!
'#&),-!J!(-!;,-#&!'(*#!.(!$/!%#$+<+0'!<#&*,!('!#%<+#'($!.(!<#)%&,B!
!
51&+)0#.&#/%#07/)C%+),-#%*01()D%7/&#%-()+)2%.%*&-(&#I##
I#51&+)0#.&#/%#07/)C%+),-#-01*%/#E#J%/01#-&(0#.&#/%#02+),-#.&#+0*21%!
!
4-!%&+)(&!<#)%#'('*(!D(-!%&(<+#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-E!,/)('*,&=!.(!;,-#&!</,'.#!
-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!.($<+('.,'!%(&#!.+<@#!,/)('*#!$(&=!<#'*&,&&($*,.#!J!$/%(&,.#!
%#&!(-!,/)('*#!.(-!;,-#&!.(-!$(>/'.#!<#)%#'('*(!D-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,E!+'.+<,*+;#!
.(!-,!%#$+9+-+.,.!&(,-!.(!,)#&*+3,&!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!-,!()+$+0'!%#&!%,&*(!.(!-,!<#)F
%,27,!,-!%#.(&!&(H+','<+,&-,!<#'!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!)=$!9,:#$5!i+('*&,$!8/(!$+!-#$!*+%#$!
.(! +'*(&A$! ,$<+('.('?! (-! %&+)(&! <#)%#'('*(! .($<('.(&=! .(! ;,-#&! )=$! -('*,)('*(!
8/(!(-!$(>/'.#!<#'!-#!8/(!(-!%&(<+#!.(-!9#'#!$(!,%&#1+),&=!,-!.(!/'!9#'#!#&.+',&+#5!
!
4-!%&(<+#!*(0&+<#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-!$(!<,-</-,&=!.($<#'*,'.#!-#$!H-/:#$!.(!<,:,!
8/(!%&#)(*(!>('(&,&!,!-,!*,$,!.(!&('.+)+('*#!(1+>+.,!%#&!(-!)(&<,.#?!)+('*&,$!8/(!
(-! ;,-#&! .(! -,! %#$+<+0'! ('! #%<+#'($! .(! <#)%&,! $(! %/(.(! <,-</-,&! $(>G'! (-! %&#<(.+F
X
)+('*#!8/(!;(&()#$!,!<#'*+'/,<+0' 5!^',!;(3!8/(!*('>,)#$!,)9#$!;,-#&($!%#.&(F
)#$!<,-</-,&!(-!%&(<+#!*(0&+<#!.(!-,!()+$+0'!.(!&('*,!H+:,!<#'!%#$+9+-+.,.!.(!,)#&*+3,F
<+0'!,'*+<+%,.,5!C#'!(--#!%#.&()#$!;(&!$+!($*=!$#9&(;,-#&,.,!#!+'H&,;,-#&,.,5!
!
3
6!($*(!('H#8/(!*,)9+A'!$(!-(!<#'#<(!<#)#!(-!0%,-()(%,'/"$F3&'$-/"$".$"/1*(+,!D/1'(/,!$-F3&'%-">(%.-E5!T(9+.#!
,!8/(!-#$!+';(&$#&($!<#*+3,'!($*#$!9#'#$!,!*&,;A$!.(!$/$!&('.+)+('*#$!<#)%,&='.#-#$!<#'!-#$!9#'#$!.(-!4$*,.#!
.(-!)+$)#!%-,3#!($!'(<($,&+#!.(H+'+&!(-!h6K!#!-(A%0%,*($."$F3&'$-/"$".$"/1*(+,!8/(!($!(-!.+H(&('<+,-!<#'$*,'*(!8/(!
,2,.+.#!,!-#$!*+%#$!,!%-,3#!+)%-7<+*#$!%&#%#&<+#',!-,!$(&+(!.(!*+%#$!.(!.($</('*#!8/(!$(!/*+-+3,'!%,&,!.($<#'*,&!
-#$!H-/:#$!.(!<,:,!@,<+('.#!8/(!(-!%&(<+#!*(0&+<#!.(-!9#'#!$(,!+.A'*+<#!,-!.(!)(&<,.#]!.+<@#$!H-/:#$!.(!<,:,!@,'!$+F
.#!,:/$*,.#$!%,&,!&(H-(:,&!-,!#%<+0'!+)%-7<+*,5!M#&!*,'*#?!(-!h6K!)+.(!(-!.+H(&('<+,-!.(-!&('.+)+('*#!.(!/'!,<*+;#!
.(!&('*,!H+:,!8/(!'#!($!,*&+9/+9-(!,!-,!#%<+0'!+)%-7<+*,5!
M#&!(:()%-#?!/'!9#'#!,)#&*+3,9-(!<#'!/'!;('<+)+('*#!,!NR!,2#$!J!/'!</%0'!.(-!YS!$(!;('.(!,!NNY?QQ5!K/!Z[\!
($!.(-!XS?!$+!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!.(-!4$*,.#!.(-!)+$)#!%-,3#!*+('(!/',!Z[\!.(-!U?NWS?!(-!.+H(&('<+,-!$(&=!.(!`W!%95!M#&!
#*&,!%,&*(?!$+!(-!;,-#&!($*+),.#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!($!U?YX!('*#'<($!(-!;,-#&!+)%-7<+*#!.(-!9#'#!'#!&($<,*,9-(!($!NN_?`Y!J!
$/!&('.+)+('*#!($!.(-!U?YS!D&('.+)+('*#!,:/$*,.#!,!-,!#%<+0'E5!6$7!8/(!(-!h6K!($!.(!XW!%9!D#%/($*#!,-!.+H(&('<+,-!
.(!`W!%9E?!($!.(<+&?!U?YS!F!U?NWS!a!R?XWS5!
X! 4'! (-! ,%A'.+<(! 6! .(-! %&+)(&! <,%7*/-#! .(-! -+9&#! K,*J,:+*! T6KG" H'03*'30%-" I/'%&" $,-" 2%0(:$'(:%" J)6%--%-"
H%*30('(%&5! 4/&#)#'(J5! I#'.&($5! N__Y?! $(! <#)('*,'! -#$! %&+'<+%,-($! )A*#.#$! .(! ;,-#&,<+0'! .(! ($*(! *+%#! .(!
#%<+#'($B!i(&*#']!j,--FZ#&#/$]!K<@,(H(&FK<@k,&*3]!P,$+<(l]!C#/&*,.#']!C#1F['>(&$#--F\#$$]!j&('','FK<@k,&*3]!
m/--Fn@+*(]!m(,*@Fo,&&#kFi#&*#']!m#FI((]!j-,<lFT(&),'FZ#J5
8
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
I,$!%&+'<+%,-($!.+H(&('<+,$!.(!-,!;,-#&,<+0'!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!.(!-#$!9#'#$!%#&!
%,&*(!.(!-,!()%&($,!<#'!&(-,<+0'!,!-,!;,-#&,<+0'!.(!-,$!#%<+#'($!$#9&(!,<<+#'($!#&.+F
',&+,$!$#'B!! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
,E!4-!%&(<+#!.(!(:(&<+<+#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!%/(.(!$(&!;,&+,9-(!
9E!I,!#%<+0'!%/(.(!*('(&!;,&+,$!H(<@,$!.(!(:(&<+<+#!J!$+!'#!$(!(:(&<(!('!/',!.(!
(--,$!9+('!%#.&7,!@,<(&$(!('!-,!$+>/+('*(!D($?!%/($?!/',!#%<+0'!6%0)3-$E5!
<E!I,!;#-,*+-+.,.!.(-!,<*+;#!$/9J,<('*(!($!.(<&(<+('*(!<#'!(-!*+()%#5!4-!%&(<+#!
.(!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!#$<+-,!<,.,!;(3!)('#$!<#'H#&)(!$(!,%&#1+)(!,!$/!H(<@,!
.(!;('<+)+('*#5!
.E!4-!%&(<+#!'#!%/(.(!(1<(.(&!.(-!;,-#&!.(!-#$!H-/:#$!.(!<,:,!$+'!.($<#'*,&?!%#&F
8/(!$(!<#'$(>/+&7,!/'!&('.+)+('*#!'(>,*+;#5!
(E! 4-! ,<*+;#! $/9J,<('*(! *+('(! /',! ;+.,! ;,&+,9-(! D)('#&! $+! -#$! *+%#$! .(! +'*(&A$!
<,('?!#!+>/,-!,-!%-,3#!.(!-,!()+$+0'!$+!,$<+('.('!#!$(!),'*+('('!<#'$*,'*($E!
J!'#!+-+)+*,.,!<#)#!('!(-!<,$#!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!
HE!I,!%&+),!,!%,>,&!%#&!(-!()+$#&!,-!;('.(&!-,!#%<+0'!$(!('</('*&,!+'<#&%#&,.,!
('! (-! ),J#&! </%0'! 8/(! ($*,$! ()+$+#'($! &(%,&*('! ('! <#)%,&,<+0'! <#'! -,$!
8/(!'#!*+('('!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,5!!!
!
;">#F/#*0B)*)&-(0#.&#/0'#()20'#.&#)-(&1K'#%#/0#/%1C0#.&/#()&*20#
M,&,! %#.(&! ;,-#&,&! -#$! 9#'#$! /! #9-+>,<+#'($! 8/(! +'<#&%#&,'! #%<+#'($! '(<($+*,)#$!
%&+)(&,)('*(! )#.(-+3,&! (-! <#)%#&*,)+('*#! H/*/&#! .(! -#$! *+%#$! .(! +'*(&A$! 8/(! ;,F
)#$!,!()%-(,&!%,&,!<,-</-,&!(-!;,-#&!.(!.+<@#$!,<*+;#$!H+','<+(&#$]!'#$!&(H(&+)#$?!<-,F
&#!($*=?!,!-#$!*+%#$!,'/,-($!,!%-,3#5!M,&,!(--#!.(9(&()#$!@,9(&!($*+),.#!%&(;+,)('F
*(! $/! ;#-,*+-+.,.W! ,.()=$! .(! $/%#'(&?! +'+<+,-)('*(?! 8/(! @,J! -,! )+$),! %&#9,9+-+.,.!
.(!,$<('$#!8/(!.(!.($<('$#!('!(-!=&9#-!9+'#)+,-!8/(!/$,&()#$!%,&,!<#'$*&/+&!-,!%&(F
;+$+9-(!(;#-/<+0'!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$5!!
!
M,&,!<#'$*&/+&!(-!=&9#-!9+'#)+,-Y!'(<($+*,)#$!<,-</-,&!-#$!<#(H+<+('*($!.(!,$<('$#!D/E!
J!.(!.($<('$#!D.E!.(!-,!$+>/+('*(!),'(&,B!
!
!
"!
/!a!( !!!!!!!!!!!!.!a!( !a!Nc.!
!
P,!,!$(&!G*+-!<#'#<(&!-,!&(-,<+0'!('*&(!,)9#$B!/c.!!
!
!
"!
2!
/c.!a!( !p!( !a!( !
!
4-!*+%#!.(!+'*(&A$!8/(!&(>+&=!./&,'*(!(-!%&+)(&!,2#!($!<#'#<+.#!%#&8/(!($!(-!,<*/,-!
*+%#!.(!<#'*,.#!%,&,!/'!,2#!.(!%-,3#!DR&NE5!6@#&,!9+('?!(-!*+%#!,'/,-!,!%-,3#!8/(!&(>+F
&=!./&,'*(!*#.#!(-!$(>/'.#!,2#!DN&NE!F8/(!$(!@,9&=!.(./<+.#!.(!-,!J&'03*'30$"K%)1/!
0$." -%" ./&" K(1/&" -%" L,'%0M&F! %#.&=! #$<+-,&! ('*&(! .#$! ;,-#&($! N&N/! J! N&N.]! *('+('.#! ('!
5 4$*#!-#!$/(-('!@,<(&!-,$!('*+.,.($!H+','<+(&,$!<#'*,'.#!<#'!),*()=*+<#$!(!+'H#&)=*+<#$!%#&!$(&!/',!.(!-,$!;,F
&+,9-($!)=$!+)%#&*,'*($!.(!-,!;,-#&,<+0'!.(!-#$!9#'#$5
6 K#9&(! <0)#! <#'$*&/+&! (-! =&9#-! 9+'#)+,-! ;A,$(! i,$<,&(2,$?! o/,'! DQRNNEB! eh%<+#'($! &(,-($B! ;,-#&,<+0'! %#&! (-!
)A*#.#! 9+'#)+,-f5! N/,/=0$AB$&" -%" O3$," N$&*$0%P$&" &/60%" Q(,$,;$&" R/01/0$'(:$&! 'q! UQ5! [KK"BN_``FN`V`!
T($<,&>,9-(!('B!@**%Bcckkk5/<)5($c+'H#c:),$c)#'#>&,H5@*)
9
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
2!
</('*,!8/(!,)9#$!*+('('!-,!)+$),!%&#9,9+-+.,.!.(!#</&&('<+,!J!8/(!/c.!a!( !B!
!
2!
2!
N&N!a!R?W!N&N/!r!R?W!N&N.!a!R?W!DN&N/!r!N&N.E!a!R?W!1!DN&N.!( !r!N&N.E!a!R?W!N&N.!DN!r!( E!
2!
N&N.!a!N&N!p!sR?W!DN!r!( Et!
!
6$7?!%#&!(:()%-#?!$/%#'>,)#$!8/(!!!a!NRS!J!8/(!N&N!a!XS!('*#'<($B!
2!
Q!R?N
Et!a!R?RX!p!N?NNRV!a!R?RUYRN!a!U?YRS!
N&N.!a!N&N!p!sR?W!DNr( Et!a!R?RX!p!sR?W!DN!r!(
2!
Q!R?N
a!U?YS!( !a!R?RXU_`V!a!X?XRS!
N&N/!a!!N&N.!(
!
4'!-,!H+>/&,!V!$(!)/($*&,!(-!<#)+('3#!.(-!=&9#-!9+'#)+,-!<#'!.,*#$!*(0&+<#$!D+38/+(&F
.,E!J!<#'!(-!&($/-*,.#!.(-!(:()%-#!,'*(&+#&!D.(&(<@,E5!
!
!
O+>5V!
!
4-!$+>/+('*(!%,$#!($!;(&!-#$!%#$+9-($!;,-#&($!.(-!*+%#!,'/,-!,!%-,3#!8/(!&(>+&='!,!-#!-,&F
>#!.(-!*(&<(&!,2#!DQ&NE5!4'!-,!H+>/&,!`!$(!%/(.(!#9$(&;,&!<#)#!@,J!*&($!%#$+9-($!;,-#F
&($!$(>G'!(-!;,-#&!8/(!@,J,'!*#),.#!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!(-!,2#!,'*(&+#&]!($#!$7?!@,J!
2!
/'!WRS!.(!%&#9,9+-+.,.($!.(!,-<,'3,&!(-!;,-#&!+'*(&)(.+#!DQ&N.!( E!J!/'!QWS!.(!,-F
4!
<,'3,&!(-!*+%#!)=$!,-*#!DQ&N.!( E!J!#*&#!*,'*#!.(!,-<,'3,&!(-!)=$!9,:#!DQ&N.E5!
!
O+>5`!
!
!
h%(&,'.#!.(!-,!)+$),!),'(&,!8/(!,'*($!#9*('.&()#$!(-!;,-#&!.(!Q&N.B!
Q!
X!
Q&N!a!R?QW!Q&N.!r!R?W!Q&N.!( !r!R?QW!Q&N.!( !!
Q!
X!
Q&N.!a!Q&N!p!DR?QW!r!R?W!( !r!R?QW!( E!
!
K+?!%#&!(:()%-#?!Q&N!a!X?WS!('*#'<($B!
Q!R?N
!r!R?QW!(X!R?NE!a!R?RXW!p!N?QUUV!a!R?RUYX`!a!U?YWS!
Q&N.!a!R?RXW!p!DR?QW!r!R?W!(
10
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
Q!
R?Q
Q&N.( !a!U?YWS!( !a!X?XYS!!
X!
R?X
Q&N.( !a!U?YWS!( !a!W?XXS!!
!
O+>5_!
!
!
T(!-,!)+$),!H#&),!%#.&7,)#$!<,-</-,&!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!)7'+)#$!.(!-#$!,2#$!%#$F
*(&+#&($!-#!8/(!'#$!%&#%#&<+#',&7,!-#$!.,*#$!$+>/+('*($!D@,$*,!(-!*+%#!,!%-,3#!8/(!&(>+F
&=!('!(-!,2#!#<*,;#EB!
!
!
Q!
X!
r!R?NQW!(Y E!
U&N.!a!U&N!p!DR?NQW!r!R?UVW!( !r!R?UVW!(
!
!
Q!
X!
r!R?QW!(Y r!R?RYQW!(` E!
X&N.!a!X&N!p!DR?RYQW!r!R?QW!( !r!R?UVW!(
!
!
Q!
X!
r!R?UNQW!(Y r!R?NWYQW!(` r!
W&N.!a!W&N!p!DR?RUNQW!r!R?NWYQW!( !r!R?UNQW!(
!
R?RUNQW!(NR E!
!
!
Q!
X!
r!R?UNQW!(Y r!R?QUXUVW!(` r!
Y&N.!a!Y&N!p!DR?RNWYQW!r!R?R_UVW!( !r!R?QUXUVW!(
!
!
R?R_UVW!(NR r!R?RNWYQW!(NQ E!
!
Q!
X!
r!R?QVUXUVW!(Y r!
V&N.!a!V&N!p!DR?RRV`NQW!r!R?RWXY`VW!( !r!R?NYXRYQW!(
!
!
!
!
R?QVUXUVW!(` r!R?NYXRYQW!(NR r!R?RWXY`VW!(NQ r!R?RRV`NQW!(NX E!
!
C#)#!$(!,%&(<+,!-,$!%&#9,9+-+.,.($!8/(!$(!,$#<+,'!,!<,.,!&($/-*,.#!$(!#9*+('('!)(F
.+,'*(!-,!H0&)/-,!.(!-,!.+$*&+9/<+0'!9+'#)+,-!('!-,!8/(!%!J!DNF%E!+'.+<,'!-,$!%&#9,9+-+F
.,.($!.(!,$<('$#!J!.($<('$#!DWRS?!('!'/($*&#!<,$#?!%,&,!,)9#$!;,-#&($EB!!
!
"m% m-n
" 7%
n
7-4
0,54 = 0,2734375 !
$ ' p (1 - p) !!!! $ ' 0,5
n
4
# &
# &
!
4'! -,! H+>/&,! NR! ,%,&(<(! (-! =&9#-! 9+'#)+,-! 8/(! )#.(-+3,! (-! <#)%#&*,)+('*#! H/*/&#!
($%(&,.#!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,'/,-($!./&,'*(!-#$!%&01+)#$!$(+$!,2#$5!!
!
!
!
11
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
O+>5NR!
!
K+!-#$!*+%#$!,!%-,3#!+)%-7<+*#$!%,&,!-#$!%&+)(&#$!<+'<#!,2#$!$#'!-#$!$+>/+('*($!D$/:(*#$!
*#.#$!(--#$!,!/',!;#-,*+-+.,.!.(-!NRS!,'/,-EB!
R&N!a!U?US!!!!N&N!a!X?RS!!!!Q&N!a!X?WS!!!!U&N!a!X?VWS!!!!X&N!a!X?_WS!!!!!!!!a!NRS!
!
%/(.(!;(&$(!$/!(;#-/<+0'!('!-,$!H+>/&,$!NR!J!NN!D-,!-7'(,!;(&.(!+'.+<,!-,!(;#-/<+0'!.(!
-#$!*+%#$!,'/,-($!,!%-,3#E5!
!
!
O+>5NN!
!
!"#$%&'(&")!(*+%&
9,0%
8,0%
7,0%
6,0%
5,0%
4,0%
3,0%
2,0%
0
1
2
3
4
5
,-$%&
O+>5!NQ!
12
!
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
;";#$%#B%/01%+),-#.&#/0'#70-0'#01.)-%1)0'#
^',!;(3!8/(!.+$%#'()#$!.(!-,!(;#-/<+0'!.(!-#$!*+%#$!,'/,-($!,!%-,3#!%#.()#$!%&#F
<(.(&!,!;,-#&,&!/',!()+$+0'!.(!9#'#$5!K/%#'>,)#$!8/(!.+$%#'()#$!.(!/',!()+$+0'!
,!-,!8/(!-(!8/(.,'!(1,<*,)('*(!<+'<#!,2#$!.(!;+.,?!</J#!;,-#&!'#)+',-!($!.(!NRR!(/F
&#$!J!8/(!%,>,!/'!</%0'!,'/,-!.(-!Y?WS5!!
!
C#)('3,)#$!%#&!(-!H+',-!.(!$/!;+.,!D(-!8/+'*#!,2#E!.#'.(!$/!%&#%+(*,&+#!&(<+9+&=!(-!
'#)+',-!.(-!9#'#!DNRR!bE!)=$!(-!</%0'!DY?W!bE5!^',!;(3!@(<@#!($*#!<,-</-,&()#$!$/!
;,-#&!,-!H+',-!.(-!,2#!X!*('+('.#!('!</('*,!<,.,!/'#!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,!%-,3#!.(!
8/(!.+$%#'()#$!%,&,!($(!,2#!J!-,!%&#9,9+-+.,.!.(!,$<('$#!J!.($<('$#!DWRS!('!<,.,!
<,$#E]!,$7!%#&!(:()%-#?!%,&,!(-!*+%#!.(!+'*(&A$!.(-!`?`XS!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!,-!H+',-!.(-!
,2#!X!$(&=!+>/,-!,!D;(&!H+>/&,!NUEB!
!
0,5 (100 + 6,5) + 0,5 (100 + 6,5)
P4 =
= 97,8! !
1,0884
!
!
!
O+>5NU!
!
K+!&(%(*+)#$!(-!<=-</-#!%,&,!*#.#$!-#$!*+%#$!,!%-,3#!.(-!</,&*#!,2#!#9*('.&()#$!-#!
8/(!,%,&(<(!('!-,!H+>/&,!NX5!!
!
O+>5NX!
!
!
C#'!-#$!%&(<+#$!.(-!,2#!X!)=$!-#$!</%#'($!&($%(<*+;#$!DY?W!bE!J!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,!
%-,3#! 8/(! &+>('! ./&,'*(! (-! *(&<(&! ,2#! #9*('.&()#$! -#$! ;,-#&($! .(-! 9#'#! ('! ($*(!
G-*+)#!,2#5!\(%+*+('.#!(-!%&#<($#!--(>,&()#$!,!#9*('(&!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!e(1F</%0'f!
('!-,!,<*/,-+.,.!*,-!J!<#)#!$(!#9$(&;,!('!-,!H+>/&,!NW?!($!.(<+&?!NR_?_!(/&#$5!
!
13
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
O+>5NW!
!
;"L#$%#B%/01%+),-#.&#/0'#70-0'#1&'+%(%7/&'#
K/%#'>,)#$! 8/(! -,! ()%&($,! ()+$#&,! .(-! 9#'#! ,'*(&+#&! -#! %/(.(! &($<,*,&! %#&! NRQ!
(/&#$!,-!H+',-!.(-!Qq!,2#?!%#&!NRN?W!(/&#$!,-!H+',-!.(-!*(&<(&!,2#!J!%#&!NRN!(/&#$!,-!H+F
',-!.(-!</,&*#5!4$*#!%(&:/.+<,!,!$/!%&#%+(*,&+#?!,$7!8/(!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!&($<,*,9-(!
.(9(!$(&!+'H(&+#&!,-!.(-!9#'#!#&.+',&+#5!M,&,!<,-</-,&!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!&(,-+3,&()#$!
/'!<=-</-#!$+)+-,&!,-!8/(!@()#$!;+$*#!('!(-!(%7>&,H(!,'*(&+#&!$0-#!8/(!<,.,!;(3!8/(!(-!
9#'#! %/(.,! $(&! &($<,*,.#! .(9(&()#$! ($<#>(&! (-! ;,-#&! )=$! %(8/(2#! ('*&(! (-! ;,-#&!
*(0&+<#!.(-!9#'#!e(1F</%0'f!J!(-!.(!&($<,*(5!M#&!(:()%-#?!$+!;#-;()#$!,!;(&!-,!H+>/&,!
NW! ('! (-! </,&*#! ,2#! D$(>/'.,! <#-/)',! %#&! -,! .(&(<@,E! ;()#$! 8/(! @,J! *&($! ;,-#&($!
$/%(&+#&($! ,! NRN! (/&#$]! ('! ($#$! *&($! <,$#$! -,! ()%&($,! ()+$#&,! .(<+.+&=! &($<,*,&! (-!
9#'#?!%#&!*,'*#?!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!$(&=!('!($#$!<,$#$!.(!NRN!('!-/>,&!.(-!8/(!,%,&(<(!
('!-,!H+>/&,!D;A,$(!-,!H+>/&,!NYE5!
!
O+>5NY!
!
!
6@#&,! $(>/+&()#$! <#'! (-! %&#<($#! .(! )/-*+%-+<,&! <,.,! ;,-#&! .(-! 9#'#! )=$! (-! </%0'!
%#&! $/! %&#9,9+-+.,.?! *,'*#! ('! (-! <,$#! .(! ,$<('$#! .(-! *+%#! .(! +'*(&A$! <#)#! .(!
.($<('$#?! J! -#! ,<*/,-+3,&()#$! ,-! ,2#! ,'*(&+#&! ,-! *+%#! ,! %-,3#! 8/(! <#&&($%#'.,! D;(&!
H+>/&,!NNE5!4-!;,-#&!#9*('+.#!$(!<#)%,&,&=!,@#&,!<#'!(-!%&(<+#!.(!&($<,*(!DNRN?W!bE!
14
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
%,&,!;(&!8/A!;,-#&!e(1F</%0'f!H+>/&,&=!('!(-!*(&<(&!,2#!D;A,$(!-,!H+>/&,!NVE5!C#)#!$(!
#9$(&;,!(-!&($<,*(!*('.&=!-/>,&!('!*&($!.(!-#$!</,*&#!($<(',&+#$!)#$*&,.#$5!
!
O+>5NV!
!
!
M,&,!<,-</-,&!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!$+'!(-!</%0'!,-!H+',-!.(-!$(>/'.#!,2#!&(%(*+&()#$!(-!
%&#<($#! ,'*(&+#&! (-+>+('.#! (-! )('#&! ;,-#&! ('*&(! (-! %&(<+#! .(! &($<,*(! ('! ($,! H(<@,!
DNRQbE!J!(-!8/(!&($/-*(!.(!<,-</-,&!-,!)(.+,!%#'.(&,.,!,<*/,-+3,.,!.(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!
)=$!(-!</%0'!('!(-!,2#!*&($5!C#)#!$(!,%&(<+,!('!-,!H+>/&,!N`!('!.#$!.(!-#$!*&($!($<(F
',&+#$!$(!&($<,*,!(-!9#'#5!K+>/+('.#!(-!%&#<($#!@,$*,!-,!,<*/,-+.,.!DJ,!'#!@,J!)=$!H(F
<@,$!.(!&($<,*(E!#9*('()#$!8/(!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!&($<,*,9-(!($!+>/,-!,!NRV?Q!(/&#$5!
!
O+>5N`!
!
!
h!.+<@#!.(!#*&,!),'(&,?!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!&($<,*(!;,-(!NR_?_!F!NRV?Q!a!Q?V!b5!
!
h9$A&;($(!8/(!('!(-!<,$#!.(-!9#'#!#&.+',&+#!-,!*,$,!.(!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+F
)+('*#!(&,!+>/,-B!!
!
15
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
5
109,9 =
6,5
" (1 + r)
j=1
j
+
100
# r = 4,26% !
(1 + r)5
!
)+('*&,$!8/(!('!(-!<,$#!.(-!9#'#!&($<,*,9-(!($!+>/,-!,B!
!
!
5
6,5
100
107,2 = "
# r' = 4,84% !
j +
(1 + r')5
j=1 (1 + r')
!
($!.(<+&?!(-!.+H(&('<+,-!('*&(!,)9,$!($!.(!W`!%/'*#$!9=$+<#$?!8/(!($!(-!%&(<+#!,!%,>,&!
%#&! (-! ()+$#&! D('! *A&)+'#$! .(! &('*,9+-+.,.E! ,! <,)9+#! .(! .+$%#'(&! .(! -,! #%<+0'! .(!
!
&($<,*(5! 4$! .(<+&?! ($! -,! &('*,9+-+.,.! (1*&,! 8/(! .($(,'! &(<+9+&! -#$! %&#%+(*,&+#$! .(! -#$!
9#'#$!&($<,*,9-($5!
!
O+>5N_!
!
!
4'!-,!H+>/&,!N_!$(!,%&(<+,'!-,$!%&(;+$+9-($!H(<@,$!.(!&($<,*(!,'*+<+%,.#!$(>G'!-#$!.,F
*#$!),'(:,.#$!('!(-!(:()%-#!D$0-#!('!(-!<,$#!.(!8/(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,'/,-($!,-F
<,'<('!$/!)=1+)#!'+;(-!('!<,.,!%(&+#.#!,'/,-!-,!()+$+0'!'#!$(&=!&($<,*,.,E5!
!
!
!
!
L"#$%#B%/01%+) , -#.&#/%'#07/)C%+)0-&'# +0-B&1()7/&' !
!
V
^',! /6.(=$*(+," */,:%0'(6.% ?! ($! /',! #9-+>,<+0'! <-=$+<,! 8/(! %(&)+*(! ,! $/! %&#%+(*,&+#!
<,)9+,&-,!%#&!/'!'G)(&#!.(*(&)+',.#!.(!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!./&,'*(!/'!%-,3#!.(!
*+()%#!.(*(&)+',.#!J!,!/'!%&(<+#!%&(H+:,.#5!4$!/'!*+%#!.(!'B'3./"SB60(-/!%#&8/(!$(!
<#)%#'(!.(!.#$!,<*+;#$!H+','<+(&#$!<#)#!$#'B!/',!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-!D8/(!%&#%#&F
<+#',!/'#$!H-/:#$!.(!<,:,!H+:#$E!J!/',!#%<+0'!8/(!%(&)+*(!%(&)/*,&!A$*,!G-*+),!%#&!/'!
7 4'!,->/'#$!4$*,.#$!(1+$*('!-,$!$**(/,%&"10%A%0%,'%&"*/,:%0'(6.%&!8/(!%(&)+*('!$/!<,':(!%#&!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$5!K/!,'=-+$+$!($!
$+)+-,&! ,-! .(! -,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! <#';(&*+9-($! .(9+.#! ,-! %,&(<+.#! (1+$*('*(! ('*&(! -,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! J! -,$! ,<<+#'($! %&(H(&('*($5!
Z,)9+A'! (1+$*(! -,! %#$+9+-+.,.! .(! ()+*+&! #9-+>,<+#'($! <#';(&*+9-($! %#&! ,<<+#'($! #&.+',&+,$! .(! #*&,$! ()%&($,$! .+$*+'*,$! ,! -,!
()+$#&,! D8/(?! >('(&,-)('*(?! %#$((! /'! +)%#&*,'*(! %,8/(*(! .(! ,<<+#'($! .(! -,$! #*&,$E5! 4'! 4$%,2,! (1+$*(! -,! %#$+9+-+.,.! .(!
<#';(&*+&! ,<<+#'($! #&.+',&+,$! ('! %&(H(&('*($! J?! *,)9+A'?! ($! %#$+9-(! <#';(&*+&! ,<<+#'($! <#'! ;#*#! ('! ,<<+#'($! $+'! ;#*#! J!
;+<(;(&$,5! "#! ($! %#$+9-(! ('! '/($*&#! #&.(',)+('*#! :/&7.+<#! <#';(&*+&! ,<<+#'($! #&.+',&+,$! ('! #9-+>,<+#'($! %#&8/(! (--#!
<#'--(;,&7,!-,!&(./<<+0'!.(-!<,%+*,-!$#<+,-!.(!H#&),!#9-+>,*#&+,5
16
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
'G)(&#! .(*(&)+',.#! .(! ,<<+#'($! #&.+',&+,$! D8/(! %&#%#&<+#','! /'#$! H-/:#$! .(! <,:,!
;,&+,9-($!+'<-/+.,$!-,$!>,','<+,$!.(!<,%+*,-!($%(&,.,$E5!
!
4'!(-!)#)('*#!.(!-,!()+$+0'!.(!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($?!-,!<#)%,27,!()+$#&,!
<#9&,&=!(-!%&(<+#!.(!()+$+0'!)('#$!-#$!<#$*($!+)%-+<,.#$!('!A$*,5!4$*#$!G-*+)#$!$(!
.('#)+','!*/&'%&"-%"%)(&(+,!DA./'$'(/,"*/&'&E!8/(!('>-#9,'!*,'*#!-,$!<#)+$+#'($!,!
-#$!9,'<#$!.(!+';(&$+0'!8/(!,<*G,'!<#)#!+'*(&)(.+,&+#$!u<#$*($!(1%-7<+*#$F?!<#)#!(-!
.($<('$#!.(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-#$!#*&#$!,<*+;#$!H+','<+(&#$!8/(!-,!()%&($,!@,J,!
()+*+.#!,'*(&+#&)('*(!J!8/(!$(!;('!%(&:/.+<,.#$!.(!,->/',!),'(&,!,-!&(,-+3,&$(!($*,!
'/(;,!()+$+0'!F<#$*($!+)%-7<+*#$F5!4$!+)%#&*,'*(!&($,-*,&!8/(!A$*(!($!(-!G'+<#!+'$*,'F
*(!('!(-!8/(!-,!()%&($,!&(<+9(!.+'(&#!.(!-#$!+';(&$#&($?!%/($*#!8/(!$+!A$*#$!$(!.(<+F
.('!,!<#';(&*+&!$/$!*7*/-#$!.(!.(/.,!%#&!*7*/-#$!.(!%&#%+(.,.!'#!%,>,&='!',.,!,!-,!
`
()%&($,!()+$#&,!,-!*&,*,&$(!.(!/',!$+)%-(!%(&)/*,!.(!,<*+;#$!H+','<+(&#$ 5!!
!
I#$!*A&)+'#$!.(!-,!<#';(&$+0'!H+>/&,'!('!-,!%&*0('30$"-%"%)(&(+,!.(!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($5!
6.()=$?!($!<#';('+('*(!$,9(&!8/(?!('!4$%,2,?!($*(!*+%#!.(!#9-+>,<+#'($!'#!$(!%/(F
.('!()+*+&!9,:#!-,!%,&?!'+!$/!;,-#&!'#)+',-!$(&!+'H(&+#&!,-!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!.(!
-,!<#)%,27,!()+$#&,!D,&*5!Q_Q!IK6E5!M#&!#*&,!%,&*(?!('!(-!)#)('*#!.(!$/!()+$+0'!@,J!
8/(! *('(&! ('! </('*,! 8/(! -#$! ,<<+#'+$*,$! ,<*/,-($! J! -#$! %&#%+(*,&+#$! .(! #9-+>,<+#'($!
<#';(&*+9-($!,'*+>/,$?!*('.&='!.(&(<@#!%&(H(&('*(!.(!$/$<&+%<+0'!.(!-,$!)+$),$!D,&*5!
_
Q_U!IK6E 5!
!
!
L"!#M%1%+(&1H'()+%'#.&#/%'#07/)C%+)0-&'#+0-B&1()7/&'#
F!J."0$'(/"-%"*/,:%0&(+,T!4$!(-!'G)(&#!.(!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!%#&!-,$!8/(!$(!%/(F
.(!+'*(&<,)9+,&!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!DH+>/&,&=!('!-,!($<&+*/&,!.(!()+$+0'E5!M/(.(!$(&!
+'.+<,.#!(1%-7<+*,)('*(!D/'!&,*+#!.(!W!+'.+<,&=!-,!%#$+9+-+.,.!.(!<,)9+,&!/',!
#9-+>,<+0'!%#&!<+'<#!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$E?!#!+)%-7<+*,)('*(?!,!*&,;A$!-%."10%!
*(/"-%"*/,:%0&(+,?!$+'!)=$!8/(!.+;+.+&!(-!;,-#&!'#)+',-!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#'F
;(&*+9-(!('*&(!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'B!
!
valor nominal de la obligación convertible
ratio de conversión =
!
precio de conversión
!
K+?!%#&!(:()%-#?!.+$%#'()#$!.(!/',!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!</J#!;,-#&!'#)+F
',-!($!.(!NRR!(/&#$!J!8/(!*+('(!/'!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!.(!NR!(/&#$!%#&!,<F
!
<+0'?!%#.()#$!<,-</-,&!H=<+-)('*(!$/!&,*+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'B!NR!,<<+#'($!#&.+F
',&+,$5!h*&,$!;(<($!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!%/(.(!($*,&!('!H/'<+0'!.(-!;,-#&!
.(!<#*+3,<+0'!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!)=$!/'!.($</('*#!8/(!,<*G,!<#)#!
8 4'!($*(!%/'*#!<#';+('(!&($,-*,&!-,!$/*+-!.+H(&('<+,?!.($.(!(-!%/'*#!.(!;+$*,!H+','<+(&#!('*&(!*/,:%0&(+,!J!*$,F%5!I,!%&+)(&,!
*+('(!-/>,&!</,'.#!-,$!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!8/(!$(!('*&(>,'!$/&>('!.(!/',!,)%-+,<+0'!.(!<,%+*,-!<&(,.,!,-!(H(<*#?!)+('*&,$!
8/(!-,!$(>/'.,!$(!%&#./<(!</,'.#!.+<@,$!,<<+#'($!J,!@,'!$+.#!()+*+.,$!<#'!,'*(&+#&+.,.!J!H#&),'!%,&*(!.(!-,!,/*#<,&*(&,!.(!
-,!$#<+(.,.5!I,!.+H(&('<+,!&,.+<,!%/($!('!-,!%&#<(.('<+,!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!8/(!$(!;,'!,!+'*(&<,)9+,&!%#&!-,$!#9-+>,<+#F
'($5!
_!^'!,)%-+#!($*/.+#!$#9&(!-,$"/6.(=$*(/,%&"*/,:%0'(6.%&!.($.(!(-!%/'*#!.(!;+$*,!-(>,-!%/(.(!<#'$/-*,&$(!('!C6Cmh"?!o#$A!45B!
2%0%*S/"-%."N%0*$-/"-%"U$./0%&![5!TJl+'$#'5!i,.&+.5!N__Q5!M=>$5B!QWNFQVY
17
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
('./-3,'*(!%,&,!(-!+';(&$#&?!%#&!(:()%-#B!e<#*+3,<+0'!)(.+,!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!
#&.+',&+,$! .(-! G-*+)#! *&+)($*&(! )('#$! /'! NWSf5! K+! .+<@,! <#*+3,<+0'! H/($(?!
%#&!(:()%-#?!.(!NR!(/&#$!(-!&,*+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!.(!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+F
9-($!$(&7,!+>/,-!,B!!
NRR!p!DNR!1!R?`WE!a!NN?VY!,<<+#'($5!
F!J.":$./0"-%"*/,:%0&(+,5!4$!(-!;,-#&!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!%#&!
-,$!8/(!$(!*+('(!.(&(<@#!,!<#';(&*+&!-,!#9-+>,<+0'5!K(!%/(.(!<,-</-,&!)/-*+%-+F
<,'.#!(-!&,*+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!%#&!(-!;,-#&!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!,<<+0'5!6$7?!%#&!
(:()%-#?! $+! (-! &,*+#! .(! <#';(&$+0'! ($! +>/,-! ,! NN?VY! ,<<+#'($! J! (-! %&(<+#! .(!
)(&<,.#!.(!<,.,!/',!.(!A$*,$!($!.(!NR!(/&#$?!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$(&=!
+>/,-!,!NNV?Y!(/&#$!D<#)%=&($(!<#'!(-!;,-#&!'#)+',-!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!8/(!($!
.(!NRR!(/&#$E5!
F!U$./0"-%".$"/6.(=$*(+,"/0-(,$0($5!4$!(-!%&(<+#!,-!8/(!$(!;('.(&7,!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!
<#';(&*+9-(!$+!<,&(<+($(!.(!A$*,!G-*+),!<,&,<*(&7$*+<,5!K(!<,-</-,!.(*(&)+','F
.#!(-!;,-#&!,<*/,-+3,.#!.(!-#$!</%#'($!J!(-!%&+'<+%,-!.(!/',!()+$+0'!.(!#9-+F
>,<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!/*+-+3,'.#!<#)#!*,$,!.(!,<*/,-+3,<+0'!(-!&('.+)+('*#!)7F
'+)#!&(8/(&+.#!%#&!(-!)(&<,.#!%,&,!/',!()+$+0'!.(!#9-+>,<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!
.(-!)+$)#!%-,3#!J!&+($>#5!
F!J."1%0B/-/"-%"*/,:%0&(+,5!4$!(-!%-,3#!,!-#!-,&>#!.(-!</,-!($!%#$+9-(!(:(&<(&!(-!
.(&(<@#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!DH+>/&,&=!('!-,!($<&+*/&,!.(!()+$+0'E5!
F!#$"10()$"-%"*/,:%0&(+,5!4$!-,!.+H(&('<+,!('*&(!(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!#9-+F
>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!J!(-!),J#&!.(!-#$!.#$!%&(<+#$!$+>/+('*($B!!
,E!(-!;,-#&!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!#&.+',&+,!
9E!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'5!
!
4'!)/<@#$!<,$#$?!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$(!$+*G,!('*&(!/'!NRS!J!/'!URS!%#&!('<+),!
.(-!%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!('!(-!)#)('*#!.(!-,!()+$+0'!.(!-,$!
#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($5!6.()=$?!('!#<,$+#'($?!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!($!($<,-#F
',.#!.(!*,-!),'(&,!8/(!<#'H#&)(!*&,'$</&&,!-,!;+.,!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(?!.+F
<@#!%&(<+#!;,!,/)('*,'.#!%&#>&($+;,)('*(5!
!
I,$! ()+$+#'($! .(! #9-+>,<+#'($! <#';(&*+9-($! .(9(&='! +'<#&%#&,&! ('! -,! ($<&+*/&,! .(!
()+$+0'!/'!)(<,'+$)#!.(!%&#*(<<+0'!%,&,!(-!+';(&$#&!('!<,$#!.(!8/(!(-!&,*+#!.(!<#'F
;(&$+0'!#!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$(!;(,'!%(&:/.+<,.#$!%#&!.($.#9-,)+('*#$!.(-!'#F
)+',-! .(! -,$! ,<<+#'($! #&.+',&+,$! D&1.('&E?! .+;+.('.#$! ('! H#&),! .(! ,<<+#'($?! ,)%-+,F
<+#'($!.(!<,%+*,-?!(*<A*(&,5!4$*(!)(<,'+$)#!<#'$+$*(!('!,-*(&,&!(-!&,*+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!
D#! (-! %&(<+#! .(! <#';(&$+0'E! .(! *,-! ),'(&,! 8/(! -,! &+8/(3,! .(-! +';(&$#&! $(! ),'*('>,!
NR
+',-*(&,., 5!
!
L">#9%D0-&'#2%1%#&*)()1#07/)C%+)0-&'#+0-B&1()7/&'#
^'#! .(! -#$! )#*+;#$! 9=$+<#$! %#&! -#$! 8/(! $(! ()+*('! -,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! <#';(&*+9-($! ($!
8/(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!8/(!%,>,'!$#'!+'.(%('.+('*($!.(-!'+;(-!.(!&+($>#!.(!-,!+'$*+F
*/<+0'! ()+$#&,5! 4H(<*+;,)('*(?! /'! ,/)('*#! .(-! '+;(-! .(! &+($>#! .(! -,! ()%&($,! %&#F
10 ^'!(:()%-#!.(!$+$*(),!.(!%&#*(<<+0'!<#'*&,!-,!.+-/<+0'!%&#./<+.,!,-!(1+$*+&!/',!,)%-+,<+0'!.(!<,%+*,-!./&,'*(!(-!%(&7#.#!.(!
<#';(&$+0'!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!%/(.(!<#'$/-*,&$(!('!-,!#9&,!.(!o#$A!45!C6Cmh"?!8/(!H+>/&,!('!-,!9+9-+#>&,H7,!D%=>+',$B!QYWFQVRE5
18
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
;#<,!/'!+'<&()('*#!('!(-!&('.+)+('*#!(1+>+.#!%#&!-#$!+';(&$#&($!,!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&F
),-! 8/(! H#&),! %,&*(! .(-! *7*/-#! <#';(&*+9-(5! M(&#?! %#&! #*&#! -,.#?! ($*(! ,/)('*#! .(-!
&+($>#!9('(H+<+,!,!-,!;#-,*+-+.,.!.(-!%&(<+#!.(!-,!,<<+0'!#&.+',&+,!J?!%#&!*,'*#?!,!-,!#%F
<+0'!.(!<#';(&$+0']!</,'*#!),J#&!$(,!(-!&+($>#!J!-,!;#-,*+-+.,.!.(-!%&(<+#!.(!-,!,<<+0'!
#&.+',&+,?!),J#&!$(&=!-,!%&#9,9+-+.,.!.(!8/(!-,!<,&,<*(&7$*+<,!.(!<#';(&$+0'!*('>,!/'!
;,-#&!%#$+*+;#!,'*($!.(!$/!H(<@,!.(!(1%+&,<+0'5!4$*(!,/)('*#!.(-!&+($>#!J!.(!-,!;#-,F
*+-+.,.!@,<('!,/)('*,&!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!.(!,<<+#'($!8/(!H#&),!%,&*(!
.(-!*7*/-#!<#';(&*+9-(!J?!%#&!*,'*#?!<#'*&,&&($*,!(-!%(&:/+<+#!8/(!<,/$,!,!-,!%,&*(!H#&F
),.,!%#&!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!#&.+',&+,5!
!
I,!()+$+0'!.(!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($!%(&)+*(!,!-,!()%&($,!('.(/.,&$(!<#'!/'#$!
<#$*($! H+','<+(&#$! )=$! 9,:#$! 8/(! ('! (-! <,$#! .(! -,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! '#&),-($! D,.()=$?!
-,$!<#';(&*+9-($!$/(-('!*('(&!)('#&($!<-=/$/-,$!.(!%&#*(<<+0'!8/(!A$*,$E?!<-,&#!8/(!
($*,!;('*,:,!$(!%+(&.(!,-!(H(<*/,&$(!-,!<#';(&$+0'5!
!
4$*(!*+%#!.(!#9-+>,<+#'($!$/(-(!($*,&!$/9#&.+',.#!,!-,$!()+$+#'($!.(!.(/.,!<-=$+<,$!
<#)#!-#$!%&A$*,)#$!9,'<,&+#$?!-#$!%&A$*,)#$!@+%#*(<,&+#$!J!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!'#&),F
-($5!I,!('*+.,.!()+$#&,?!,-!/*+-+3,&!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($!%,&,!H+','<+,&$(?!%/(.(!
.(:,&!($%,<+#!-+9&(!%,&,!&(</&&+&!,!-,!.(/.,!<-=$+<,!</,'.#!-(!@,>,!H,-*,5!
!!
M#&!#*&#!-,.#?!($*(!*+%#!.(!()+$+#'($!%(&)+*(!;('.(&!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!,!/'!%&(<+#!
$/%(&+#&! ,-! 8/(! &+:,! ('! (-! )(&<,.#! ('! (-! )#)('*#! .(! %&#./<+&$(! -,! ()+$+0'! .(! -,$!
#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($5!6/'8/(!($*,!;('*,:,!%/(.(!:/>,&!('!<#'*&,!.(-!()+$#&!$+!(-!
%&(<+#!.(!$/$!,<<+#'($!,/)('*,!.(),$+,.#?!%#&8/(!-,$!($*,&=!<#-#<,'.#!('!(-!)(&F
<,.#!,!/'!%&(<+#!)/<@#!)('#&!.(-!8/(!<#'$(>/+&7,!$+!&(,-+3,$(!/',!,)%-+,<+0'!.(!<,F
%+*,-! ('! ($*(! )#)('*#5! M#&! #*&#! -,.#?! $+! (-! %&(<+#! .(! -,$! ,<<+#'($! '#! ,$<+('.(! J! -,!
<#';(&$+0'!'#!+'*(&($,?!-,!()%&($,!()+$#&,!*('.&=!8/(!@,<(&!H&('*(!,!/',!.(/.,!</F
J#!%-,3#!&(,-!($!),J#&!8/(!(-!%&(;+$*#!+'+<+,-)('*(5!
!
4$! '#&),-! 8/(! -,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! <#';(&*+9-($! --(;('! +'<#&%#&,.,! /',! <-=/$/-,! .(!
,)#&*+3,<+0'!,'*+<+%,.,!,!H,;#&!.(-!()+$#&!DA$*,!<,&,<*(&7$*+<,?!('!($%(<+,-?!H/(!,',-+F
3,.,!('!(-!(%7>&,H(!,'*(&+#&E5!4$*,!<-=/$/-,!%(&)+*(!H#&3,&!,!-#$!#9-+>,<+#'+$*,$!,!<#'F
;(&*+&!$/$!*7*/-#$!('!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!</,'.#!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$(,!+'H(&+#&!,-!
%&(<+#!.(!)(&<,.#5!K+!($*#!G-*+)#!$(!%&#./<(?!-#$!+';(&$#&($!*('.&='!)+(.#!.(!8/(!
$/$!#9-+>,<+#'($!$(,'!&($<,*,.,$!,'*($!.(!$/!;('<+)+('*#?!<#'!-#!8/(!%(&.(&='!-,!%#F
$+9+-+.,.!.(!@,<(&$(!<#'!-,$!,<<+#'($!,!9/('!%&(<+#]!%#&!(--#?!</,'.#!$(!,%&#1+)(!-,!
H(<@,!.(!,)#&*+3,<+0'!,'*+<+%,.,!D8/(!H+>/&,&=!('!-,!($<&+*/&,!.(!()+$+0'E?!$+!<&(('!
8/(!($!<#';('+('*(!%,&,!-,!()%&($,!%&#<(.(&!,!-,!)+$),?!$(!-,'3,&='!,!<#';(&*+&!$/$!
#9-+>,<+#'($!%#&!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$5!
!
!
L";#$%#B%/01%+),-#.&#/%'#07/)C%+)0-&'#+0-B&1()7/&'"#
v,! @,! 8/(.,.#! <-,&#! 8/(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! $(! <#)%#'(! .(! /',! #9-+>,<+0'!
'#&),-!J!/',!#%<+0'!.(!<#';(&$+0'?!%#&!(--#!$/!;,-#&!*(0&+<#!($!$/%(&+#&!#!+>/,-!,-!.(!
/',!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-5!4$*#!$(!%/(.(!<#)%&#9,&!,-!#9$(&;,&!<#)#!*,'*#!-#$!</%#'($!
<#)#!(-!&('.+)+('*#!@,$*,!(-!;('<+)+('*#!.(!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($!$/(-('!$(&!
19
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
+'H(&+#&($!,!-#$!.(!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$5!C#)#!$(!,%&(<+,!('!-,!H+>/&,!QR!(-!)7F
'+)#!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!/!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!D('!+'>-A$!$(!-(!.('#)+',!A.//0":$.3%E!
;+('(!.,.#!%#&!(-!),J#&!.(!-#$!.#$!;,-#&($!$+>/+('*($B!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!#!(-!;,F
-#&!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-5!K+?!%#&!(:()%-#?!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!($!(-!),J#&!.(!-#$!
.#$! J! (-! %&(<+#! .(! )(&<,.#! .(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! H/($(! +'H(&+#&! ,! A$*(! /$*(.!
%#.&7,! ,.8/+&+&! (-! *7*/-#?! <#';(&*+&-#! +')(.+,*,)('*(! J! <#'$(>/+&! /'! 9('(H+<+#! $+'!
&+($>#5!!
!
!
O+>5QR!I,!&(-,<+0'!('*&(!-#$!%&(<+#$!.(!)(&<,.#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!J!.(!-,!,<<+0'!#&.+',&+,!
!
4-! )#.(-#! .(! ;,-#&,<+0'! .(! /',! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! <#)9+',! (-! ;,-#&! *(0&+<#! .(!
/',!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-?!<#'!(-!;,-#&!*(0&+<#!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!,!('*&(>,&!,!<,)9+#!.(!.+F
<@,!#9-+>,<+0'!('!(-!)#)('*#!.(!-,!<#';(&$+0'5!C#)#!$,9()#$?!(-!;,-#&!*(0&+<#!.(!-,!
#9-+>,<+0'!#&.+',&+,!;+('(!.,.#!%#&!-,!(1%&($+0'!DC!($!(-!;,-#&!.(-!</%0']!M'!($!(-!%&(F
<+#!.(!&(()9#-$#]!J!l!($!-,!*,$,!.(!&('.+)+('*#!)7'+),!&(8/(&+.,EB!
!
n
C
Pn
!
P0 = "
j +
(1 + k)n
j=1 (1 + k)
!
)+('*&,$!8/(!(-!:$./0"-%"*/,:%0&(+,!('!-,!H(<@,!.(!-,!)+$),!DPC*E!.(%('.(&=!.(-!%&(F
<+#! .(! )(&<,.#!!,<*/,-! .(! -,$! ,<<+#'($! .(! -,! <#)%,27,! DKRE?! .(! -,! *,$,! ($%(&,.,! .(!
<&(<+)+('*#!,'/,-!J!,</)/-,*+;#!.(!-,$!)+$),$!D>E!J!.(-!&,*+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!D\CEB!
!
*
PC*!a!KR!1!DNr>E !1!\C!
!
6$7! 8/(! <#)9+','.#! ,)9,$! (1%&($+#'($! J! $/$*+*/J('.#?! ('! -,! H(<@,! .(! <#';(&$+0'?!
-#$! </%#'($! 8/(! &($*,'! %#&! %,>,&! )=$! (-! %&(<+#! .(! &(()9#-$#! %#&! (-! ),J#&! .(! -#$!
.#$!$+>/+('*($!;,-#&($B!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!DPC*E!J!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!#&.+',&+#!('!-,!
H(<@,! .(! <#';(&$+0'! DM*E?! #9*('.&()#$! (-! ;,-#&! *(0&+<#! .(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(!
('!(-!)#)('*#!,<*/,-B!
!
20
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
t
P0 =
" (1
j=1
Máx [VCt ; Pt ]
C
!
j +
+ k)
(1 + k)t
!
!
!
F<&*2/0N!^',!<#)%,27,!@,!()+*+.#!/',$!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($!,!-,$!8/(!-($!8/(F
!
.,'!'/(;(!,2#$!@,$*,!$/!;('<+)+('*#?!$/!;,-#&!'#)+',-!($!.(!NRR!(/&#$!J!%,>,!/'!
</%0'!.(!NR!(/&#$!,'/,-($5!I,!#9-+>,<+0'!%/(.(!<#';(&*+&$(!%#&!*&($!,<<+#'($!#&.+',F
&+,$!/',!;(3!*&,'$</&&+.#$!</,*&#!,2#$!.($.(!,@#&,5!4-!%&(<+#!,<*/,-!.(!-,$!,<<+#'($!
.(!-,!<#)%,27,!($!.(!UX!(/&#$!%#&!,<<+0'!J!$(!($%(&,!8/(!<&(3<,!,!/',!*,$,!)(.+,!
,'/,-! J! ,</)/-,*+;,! .(-! VS5! I,! *,$,! .(! .($</('*#! ,%&#%+,.,! ($! .(-! _S5! I,! *,$,! .(!
&('.+)+('*#! ,'/,-! )(.+,! .(! -#$! 9#'#$! #&.+',&+#$! $+)+-,&($! ,! A$*(! 8/(! &(>+&=! ('! (-!
%(&+#.#!8/(!;,!.($.(!(-!H+',-!.(-!,2#!Xq!@,$*,!(-!H+',-!.(!-,!;+.,!.(!-,!()+$+0'!($!.(-!
`S! ,'/,-5! C,-</-,&()#$! (-! %&(<+#! *(0&+<#! .(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! $/%#'+('.#!
8/(!$/!%&#%+(*,&+#!*#),!-,!.(<+$+0'!.(!<#';(&*+&-,?!#!'#?!('!,<<+#'($!('!-,!%&+)(&,!
H(<@,!%#$+9-(5!
!
4-!%&(<+#!,<*/,-!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-!D'#!$(!#-;+.(!8/(!@,!*&,'$</&&+.#!/'!,2#!.($F
.(!-,!()+$+0'?!-/(>#!,!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!-(!8/(.,'!'/(;(!,2#$!.(!;+.,E!($!+>/,-!,B!
!
9
10
100
P0 = "
= 106 euros !
j +
(1,09)9
j=1 (1,09)
!
4-!%&(<+#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!'#&),-!,-!H+',-!.(-!</,&*#!,2#!u<#'*,'.#!.($.(!,@#&,F!$(&=!
+>/,-!,!D&(</(&.(!X&W!a!`SEB!
!
!
10
10
10
10
110
P4 =
+
+
+
+
= 108 euros !
2
3
4
(1,08)
(1,08)
(1,08)
(1,08)
(1,08)5
!
6@#&,!%&#<(.(&()#$!,!<,-</-,&!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!.(!-,!()+$+0'!.('*&#!.(!</,*&#!
,2#$?!8/(!($!-,!%&+)(&,!.(!-,$!H(<@,$!%#$+9-($!%,&,!<#';(&*+&!-,!()+$+0'B!
!
t
4
VC4 = S0 x (1+g) x RC = 34 x (1,07) x 3 = 133,7 euros
!
I/(>#!(-!%&(<+#!+'*&7'$(<#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!$(&=B!
!
4
10
Máx(108;133,7)
P0 = "
= 127,11 euros !
j +
4
(1,09)
(1,09)
j=1
!
J?!<#)#!$(!,%&(<+,?!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#';(&$+0'!($!+>/,-!,!QN?NN!(/&#$!DNQV?NN!
F!NRYE5!
!
!
!
!
21
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
VTWT8"#$":$./0$*(+,"$"'0$:M&"-%".$"6(,/)($."
6!($*,$!,-*/&,$!@,!8/(.,.#!<-,&#!8/(!(-!;,-#&!*(0&+<#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!($!
+>/,-!,!-,!$/),!.(-!;,-#&!*(0&+<#!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!(8/+;,-('*(!)=$!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)F
%&,!.(!,<<+#'($!8/(!-(!,<#)%,2,5!
!
51&+)0#.&#/%#07/)C%+),-#+0-B&1()7/&#I##
51&+)0#.&#/%#07/)C%+),-#-01*%/#A#J%/01#-&(0#.&#/%#02+),-#.&#+0*21%!
!
I,!;,-#&,<+0'!.(!-,!#%<+0'!('!-,!%&=<*+<,!($!.+H7<+-!.(!,%-+<,&!.(9+.#!,!-,$!$+>/+('*($!
&,3#'($B!
!
,E!4-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$/(-(!,/)('*,&!<#'!(-!*+()%#!-#!8/(!8/+(&(!.(<+&!
8/(!(-!%&(<+#!.(!(:(&<+<+#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!<,)9+,5!6.()=$?!%/(.(!@,9(&!.+F
H(&('*($!H(<@,$!.(!<#';(&$+0'?!($!.(<+&?!;,&+,$!H(<@,$!.(!;('<+)+('*#!.(!
-,!#%<+0'5!
9E!I,$!,<<+#'($!%/(.('!%,>,&!.+;(&$#$!.+;+.('.#$!,!-#!-,&>#!.(!-,!;+.,!.(!-,!
#9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! -#! 8/(! <#)%-+<,! ,G'! )=$! (-! ,'=-+$+$! .(! -,! ;,-#&,F
<+0'!.(!-,!#%<+0'5!
<E! i/<@,$! #9-+>,<+#'($! <#';(&*+9-($! $#'! *,)9+A'! ,)#&*+3,9-($! ,'*+<+%,.,F
)('*(!,!>/$*#!.(-!()+$#&!.(!-,$!)+$),$5!
!
K+'!()9,&>#?!;,)#$!,!,%-+<,&!(-!)#.(-#!9+'#)+,-!.(!;,-#&,<+0'!.(!#%<+#'($?!<#'!-,!
)#.+H+<,<+0'! .(! i(&*#'! %,&,! (-! <,$#! .(! &(%,&*#! .(! .+;+.('.#$?! ,! /'! (:()%-#! %,&,!
;(&! /'! )A*#.#! ,%&#1+),.#! .(! ;,-#&,<+0'! .(! -,! #%<+0'! .(! <#)%&,! +)%-7<+*,! ('! -,$!
#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($5!M,&,!(--#!/*+-+3,&()#$!-#$!.,*#$!.(-!(:()%-#!,'*(&+#&!,!-#$!
8/(! ,2,.+&()#$! ,->/'#! )=$! <#)#B! -,! *,$,! .(! &('.+)+('*#! $+'! &+($>#! %,&,! </,*&#!
,2#$!.(!%-,3#!($!.(-!VS?!-,!;#-,*+-+.,.!,'/,-!)(.+,!.(!-,!,<<+0'!#&.+',&+,!($!.(-!QWS!
J!-,!*,$,!.(!&('.+)+('*#!$#9&(!.+;+.('.#$!('!H#&),!<#'*+'/,!($!.(-!US5!
!
v,! $,9()#$! 8/(! (-! ;,-#&! *(0&+<#! .(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! '#&),-! D'/(;(! ,2#$! .(! ;+.,! J! /'!
&('.+)+('*#! @,$*,! (-! ;('<+)+('*#! .(-! _SE! ($! .(! NRY! (/&#$?! )+('*&,$! 8/(! (-! %&(<+#!
($%(&,.#!.(-!9#'#!.('*&#!.(!</,*&#!,2#$!$(&=!+>/,-!,B!!
!
10
10
10
10
110
P5 =
+
+
+
+
= 108 euros!
2
3
4
(1,08)
(1,08)
(1,08)
(1,08)
(1,08)5
!
C#';(&*+&!-,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!.('*&#!.(!</,*&#!,2#$!+)%-+<,&7,!$,<&+H+<,&!/'#$!H-/:#$!.(!
<,:,!;,-#&,.#$!('!NR`!(/&#$!,!<,)9+#!.(!*&($!,<<+#'($?!#!-#!8/(!($!-#!)+$)#?!UY!(/F
&#$!%#&!,<<+0'5!4$*(!G-*+)#!($!(-!%&(<+#!.(!(:(&<+<+#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,5!!
!
4'!-,!H+>/&,!QN!$(!)/($*&,!(-!=&9#-!9+'#)+,-!&(%&($('*,*+;#!.(-!;,-#&!,<*/,-!.(!-,$!,<F
<+#'($5!4-!=&9#-!$(!@,!<#'$*&/+.#!)/-*+%-+<,'.#!<,.,!;,-#&!%#&!/'!<#(H+<+('*(!.(!,$F
!
<('$#!F/F!8/(!($!+>/,-!,!( !1!(>!a!(R?QW! 1!(R?RV!a!N?UVVN!J!%#&!/'#!.(!.($<('$#!F.F!8/(!
!
($!+>/,-!,!(F !1!(>!a!(FR?QW!1!(R?RV!a!R?`UWU5!h9$A&;($(!8/(!('!(-!<=-</-#!.(!,)9#$!<#(H+F
<+('*($!$(!@,!+'<-/+.#!-,!*,$,!.(!<&(<+)+('*#!,'/,-!)(.+#!,</)/-,*+;,!8/(?!&(<#&.(F
22
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
)#$?!(&,!.(-!VS5!4-!=&9#-!$(!(1*+('.(!./&,'*(!</,*&#!,2#$5!Z,)9+A'!$(!%/(.(!,%&(F
<+,&!<#)#!('!<,.,!,2#!$(!.(*&,(!(-!US!.(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!,<<+0'!('!<#'<(%*#!.(!&(%,&*#!
.(!.+;+.('.#$5!
!
!
O+>5!QN!w&9#-!9+'#)+,-!.(!-,!(;#-/<+0'!.(-!%&(<+#!.(!-,!,<<+0'!./&,'*(!-#$!%&01+)#$!</,*&#!,2#$!
!
^',! ;(3! .+9/:,.#! (-! =&9#-! 9+'#)+,-?! J! *('+('.#! ('! </('*,! 8/(! -,! %&+)(&,! H(<@,! .(!
<#';(&$+0'!($!.('*&#!.(!</,*&#!,2#$?!%&#<(.(&()#$!,!<#)%,&,&!(-!;,-#&!8/(?!('!.+F
<@,! H(<@,! .(! <#';(&$+0'?! *('.&=! -,! ,<<+0'! <#'! &($%(<*#! ,-! 8/(! *('.&=! (-! %&(<+#! .(!
(:(&<+<+#5! K+! ,8/A-! ($! ),J#&! 8/(! A$*(! <,-</-,&()#$! -,! .+H(&('<+,?! 8/(! ($! (-! ;,-#&! +'F
*&7'$(<#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,?!('!<,$#!<#'*&,&+#?!(-!&($/-*,.#!$(&=!<(&#5!6$7?!%#&!
(:()%-#?!(-!;,-#&!.(!NR`?QY!b!$(&=!<#)%,&,.#!<#'!(-!%&(<+#!.(!(:(&<+<+#!UY!b!J!<#)#!
,8/A-!($!),J#&!<,-</-,&()#$!(-!;,-#&!+'*&7'$(<#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!VQ?QY!b5!P(,!('!-,!H+>/&,!
QQ!D('!;(&.(E!<#)#!.+<@#!;,-#&!,%,&(<(!(-!%&+)(&#!('!-,!<#-/)',!.(!)=$!,!-,!.(&(F
<@,5!K+'!()9,&>#?!$+!(-!;,-#&!.(-!$/9J,<('*(!H/($(!QX?_R!b!,-!$(&!+'H(&+#&!,!-#$!UY!b!.(-!
%&(<+#!.(!(:(&<+<+#!(-!;,-#&!+'*&7'$(<#!($!'/-#NN5!T(!($*,!),'(&,!#9*('.&()#$!-#$!;,F
-#&($!+'*&7'$(<#$!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!.('*&#!.(!</,*&#!,2#$!8/(!H+>/&,'!('!;(&.(!
('!-,!%&+)(&,!<#-/)',!.(!-,!.(&(<@,!.(!-,!H+>/&,!QQ5!
!
!
11 \(</(&.(!8/(!-,!#%<+0'!%&#%#&<+#',!/'!.(&(<@#?!'#!/',!#9-+>,<+0'?!J!(-!;,-#&!.(!/'!.(&(<@#!$0-#!%/(.(!$(&!%#$+*+;#!#!'/-#?!
'/'<,!'(>,*+;#!D%#&8/(!-#$!.(&(<@#$!$(!(:(&<('!#!'#!$(!(:(&<('!J!$(!$/%#'(!8/(!$(!(:(&<('!$0-#!</,'.#!$(!#9*+('(!/'!9('(H+<+#!
#!$,*+$H,<<+0'E5
23
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
O+>5QQ!P,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!
!
!
6@#&,!<,-</-,&()#$?!.(!H#&),!&(</&$+;,?!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!('!<,.,!/'#!.(!-#$!%(F
&7#.#$!)#;+A'.#'#$!.(!.(&(<@,!@,<+,!+38/+(&.,5!M,&,!(--#!%&+)(&,)('*(!.(9(&()#$!
<,-</-,&!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,$!e%&#9,9+-+.,.($!'(/*&,-($!,-!&+($>#f!8/(!+'.+<,'!-,$!%#'.(&,F
<+#'($!8/(!(-!)#.(-#!,$+>',!,!<,.,!,$<('$#!J!,!<,.,!.($<('$#5!6$7?!-,!%&#9,9+-+.,.!
.(!,$<('$#!$(&=?!$+()%&(!8/(!-,!;#-,*+-+.,.!$(!),'*('>,!<#'$*,'*(?!+>/,-!,B!
!
1 + rf " d
1,07 - 0,8353
p=
=
= 0,4332 = 43,32%
u - d
1,3771 - 0,8353
!
)+('*&,$!8/(!-,!.(!<,.,!.($<('$#!$(&=!+>/,-!,!NF%!a!WY?Y`S5!M#&!*,'*#?!(-!%&+)(&!;,F
-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!('!(-!,2#!*(&<(&#!$(&=!+>/,-!,!#9*('(&!-,!)(.+,!%#'.(&,F
!
.,!.(!-#$!.#$!;,-#&($!8/(!%/(.(!*#),&!('!(-!</,&*#!,2#?!,<*/,-+3,.,!/'!%(&+#.#!,-!*+F
%#!.(!+'*(&A$!$+'!&+($>#!<#'*+'/#B!
!
72,26 " p + 29,66 " (1 - p)
= 44,97 !
cuuu =
(1,07)
!
(-!$+>/+('*(!;,-#&!$(&7,B!
!
!
29,66 " p + 3,83 " (1 - p)
= 14,04 !
cuud =
1,07
!
J!(-!*(&<(&!;,-#&!.(!($(!,2#!$(&7,B!
!
!
3,83 " p + 0 " (1 - p)
= 1,55 !
cudd =
1,07
!
!
24
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
J!(-!G-*+)#!;,-#&!.(!($(!,2#!*#),!/'!;,-#&!'/-#!%#&8/(!$/!;,-#&!,!H+',-($!.(-!</,&*#!
,2#!*,)9+A'!-#!($5!4-!)+$)#!%&#<(.+)+('*#!/*+-+3,&7,)#$!%,&,!<,-</-,&!(-!;,-#&!*(0&+F
<#!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!,-!H+',-!.(-!$(>/'.#!,2#!DQW?YX!b]!Y?WR!b]!J!R?YU!bE?!,-!H+',-!
.(-!%&+)(&#!DNU?`U!b!J!Q?_Y!bE?!--(>,'.#!,$7!,-!)#)('*#!,<*/,-!</J#!;,-#&!$(!<,-</F
-,&7,!.(!+>/,-!),'(&,B!
!
13,83 " p + 2,96 " (1 - p)
a!V?NV!b!
c=
1,07
!
M#&!*,'*#?!V?NV!b!($!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#)%&,!.(!/',!G'+<,!,<<+0'!J!<#)#!<,.,!
#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!<#'<(.7,!(-!.(&(<@#!,!,.8/+&+&!*&($!,<<+#'($!$/!;,-#&!$(&7,!(-!
!
*&+%-(?!($!.(<+&?!QN?WN!b5!!
!
I/(>#!(-!%&(<+#!.(-!*7*/-#!<#';(&*+9-(!$(&=!+>/,-!,B!
!
MR!a!NRY!r!QN?WN!a!NQV?WN!b5!
!
4$! <#';('+('*(! &($,-*,&?! 8/(! ('! ($*(! *+%#! .(! ;,-#&,<+0'! ($! )/J! +)%#&*,'*(! -,! (-(<F
<+0'! .(! -,! ;#-,*+-+.,.! .(! -,! ,<<+0'! #&.+',&+,?! (-! &('.+)+('*#! <#'! &+($>#! ($%(&,.#! ,!
%,&*+&!.(!-,!H(<@,!.(!-,!<#';(&$+0'NQ?!J!(-!&('.+)+('*#!$#9&(!.+;+.('.#$5!
!
4$!)/J!%#$+9-(!8/(!($*(!;,-#&!$(,!,->#!+'H(&+#&!,-!&(,-!.(9+.#!,!8/(!$0-#!@()#$!*(F
'+.#!('!</('*,!-,!%#$+9+-+.,.!.(!<#';(&*+&!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!('!-,!%&+)(&,!H(<@,!.(!<#'F
;(&$+0'!J!'#!('!-,$!&($*,'*($5!M,&,!&($#-;(&!($*(!%&#9-(),!.(!/',!H#&),!)=$!(1,<*,!
$(!%#.&7,!,%-+<,&!/'!%&#<($#!9+'#)+,-?!<#'!-,$!<#&&($%#'.+('*($!)#.+H+<,<+#'($!J?!('!
*#.#! <,$#?! '#! @,J! 8/(! #-;+.,&! 8/(! (-! ;,-#&! .(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! .(%('.(&=?!
H/'.,)('*,-)('*(?! .(! -,! $,-/.! .(! -,! ()%&($,! ()+$#&,?! .(! -,$! (1%(<*,*+;,$! 8/(! (-!
)(&<,.#!*('>,!$#9&(!-#$!9('(H+<+#$!H/*/&#$!.(!-,!()%&($,!J!.(!-,!;#-,*+-+.,.!.(!-#$!
*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$5!
!
!
L"L#80-0'#+0-B&1()7/&'#+0-()-C&-(&'#OM0M0'P#
C#'#<+.#$!@,9+*/,-)('*(!<#)#!C#C#$?!$#'!/',!;,&+,'*(!.(!-,$!<-=$+<,$!#9-+>,<+#'($!
<#';(&*+9-($!%(&#!<#'!+)%#&*,'*($!.+H(&('<+,$!.(!<,&,!,!$/!;,-#&,<+0'5!6.()=$!@,J!
.#$!*+%#$!.(!C#C#$!9,$*,'*(!.+$*+'*#$!('*&(!$75!
!
4-!%&+)(&!*+%#!.(!<#';(&*+9-($!<#'*+'>('*($!%(&)+*(!,-!+';(&$#&!<#';(&*+&!$/$!#9-+>,F
<+#'($!#!9#'#$!('!,<<+#'($!.(-!()+$#&!$+!(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#*+3,<+0'!.(!A$*,$!G-*+),$!,-F
<,'3,!/'!.(*(&)+',.#!%#&<('*,:(!%#&!('<+),!.(-!%&(<+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'5!M#&!(:()%-#?!
/'! C#C#! </J,! ,<<+0'! $/9J,<('*(! <#*+<(! ,! NRb?! *('>,! /',! %&+),! .(! <#';(&$+0'! .(-!
URS!J!/'!/)9&,-!.(!<#';(&$+0'!<#'*+'>('*(!.(-!NQRS?!%/(.(!<#';(&*+&$(!,!NUb!$0-#!
$+!-,!,<<+0'!<#*+3,!%#&!('<+),!.(!NW?Yb!Da!NUb!1!N?QE!,!-#!-,&>#!.(!/'!%(&+#.#!.(*(&)+F
',.#!D%#&!(:()%-#?!./&,'*(!QR!.(!-#$!UR!.7,$!,'*(&+#&($!,-!H+',-!.(-!*&+)($*&(E5!
12 M,&,!($*#!($!<#';('+('*(!.+$%#'(&!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$!,!%-,3#!+)%-7<+*#$!($%(&,.#$!,!%,&*+&!.(!-,!H(<@,!.(!<#';(&$+0'?!
8/(!$(!#9*('.&='!,!*&,;A$!.(!-,!($*&/<*/&,!*()%#&,-!.(!-#$!*+%#$!.(!+'*(&A$5
25
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
!
4-!$(>/'.#!*+%#!.(!<#';(&*+9-($!<#'*+'>('*($!$/(-(!$(&!()+*+.#!%#&!,->/'#$!9,'<#$!
.(!<,&,!,!,/)('*,&!$/!*/0%"*$1('$.!DZ+(&!NE!</,'.#!A$*(!<,(!%#&!.(9,:#!.(!/',!<+H&,!
.(*(&)+',.,!D(-!/)9&,-!.(!<#';(&$+0'E5!M#&!(:()%-#?!('!(-!<,$#!.(-!I-#J.$!j,'l?!$+!(-!
/)9&,-!.(!$/!*/0%"*$1('$.!*+(&!N!$(!$+*G,!%#&!.(9,:#!.(-!WS!$(!<#';(&*+&7,'!-#$!C#C#$!
<#'! -#! 8/(! .+<@#! ;,-#&! $,-*,&7,! @,$*,! (-! Y?WS5! h9$A&;($(! 8/(! ('! ($*,! )#.,-+.,.! (-!
8/(!.+$%,&,!-,!<#';(&$+0'!($!/'!.,*#!<#'*,9-(!.(-!()+$#&!.(!-#$!*7*/-#$!J!'#!(-!%&#F
%+(*,&+#!.(!-#$!)+$)#$5!
!
!
!
Q"#$%#07/)C%+),-#+0-B&1()7/&#R#1&'+%(%7/&#%-()+)2%.%*&-(&#
!
i/<@,$!()%&($,$!()+*('!#9-+>,<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($!<#'!-,!<,&,<*(&7$*+<,!,.+<+#',-!.(!
8/(! %/(.('! $(&! &($<,*,.,$! <#'! ,'*+<+%,<+0'5! C/,'.#! ($*#! G-*+)#! #</&&(! -#$! #9-+>,F
<+#'+$*,$!%/(.('!(-(>+&!('*&(!<#';(&*+&!$/$!*7*/-#$!('!,<<+#'($!#&.+',&+,$!#!('*&(>=&F
$(-#$!,!-,!<#)%,27,!()+$#&,!,!<,)9+#!.(!-,!<,'*+.,.!.(!.+'(&#!($*+%/-,.,!('!(-!H#--(F
*#!.(!()+$+0'5!
!
^',!</($*+0'!+'*(&($,'*(!($!</='.#!.(9(&7,!(-!(8/+%#!.+&(<*+;#!&($<,*,&!-,$!#9-+>,F
<+#'($!<#';(&*+9-($5!I,!&($%/($*,!($!8/(!</,-8/+(&,!8/(!$(,!-,!%#-7*+<,!$(>/+.,!%#&!-,!
.+&(<*+;,!.(9(!+&!('!(-!+'*(&A$!.(!-#$!,<<+#'+$*,$5!Z('+('.#!('!</('*,!8/(!(-!;,-#&!.(!
-#$!H#'.#$!%&#%+#$!D4E!($!+>/,-!,!-,!.+H(&('<+,!('*&(!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!()%&($,!DPE!)('#$!
(-!.(!-,$!.(!.(/.,$!DTE?!,8/A-!$(!),1+)+3,!)+'+)+3,'.#!(-!.(!-#$!9#'#$!<#';(&*+9-($5!
4$*#!$/<(.(&=!</,'.#!(-!(8/+%#!.+&(<*+;#!(-+:,!/',!%#-7*+<,!.(!<#';(&$+0'!8/(!)+'+)+F
<(!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#';(&$+0'5!v!($*#!G-*+)#!$(!<#'$+>/(!&($<,*,'.#!-,$!#9-+F
>,<+#'($!*,'!%&#'*#!<#)#!-,!#%<+0'!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$(,!.(-!*+%#!e.('*&#!.(!.+'(&#f?!
($*#!($?!</,'.#!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$/%(&(!,-!%&(<+#!.(!,)#&*+3,<+0'!,'*+<+%,.,5!
4'*#'<($?!%,&(<(!-0>+<#!$/%#'(&?!8/(!-#$!#9-+>,<+#'+$*,$!<#';(&*+&='!$/$!*7*/-#$!%#&F
8/(!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!($?!,-!)('#$?!*,'!>&,'.(!<#)#!(-!%&(<+#!.(!,)#&*+3,<+0'5!
!
P(,)#$! /'! (:()%-#5! I,! (;#-/<+0'! .(-! ;,-#&! .(! /',! ()%&($,! ./&,'*(! -#$! %&01+)#$!
.#$!,2#$!;+('(!.(H+'+.,!%#&!(-!=&9#-!9+'#)+,-!8/(!,%,&(<(!('!-,!H+>/&,!QU5!
!
O+>5!QU!
!
!
K/%#'>,!8/(!-,!()%&($,!@,!()+*+.#!$0-#!/',!,<<+0'!J!/',!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(5!x$F
*,!*+('(!/'!;,-#&!'#)+',-!.(!UR!J!.(9(!$(&!&(()9#-$,.#!,-!H+',-!.(-!,2#!Q5!I,!#9-+F
26
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
>,<+0'!($!</%0'F<(&#!J!%/(.(!,)#&*+3,&$(!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!,-!H+',-!.(-!,2#!N!%#&!/'!
%&(<+#!.(!UN5!4-!&,*+#!.(!<#';(&$+0'!($!NBN5!
!
h)+*+('.#!-,!#%<+0'!.(!&($<,*(!,'*+<+%,.#!(-!;,-#&!.(-!9#'#!%/(.(!(1*&,(&$(!.(-!=&F
9#-!9+'#)+,-!,'*(&+#&!J!</J#!&($/-*,.#!$(!#9$(&;,!('!-,!H+>/&,!QX5!K+!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!()F
%&($,!($!`V?U`!J!(-!.(!-,!.(/.,!($!UR!J!$(!%&#<(.+($(!,!<#';(&*+&!,!A$*,!G-*+),!('!,<F
<+#'($!$/!;,-#&!$(&7,!.(!XU?Y_]!%#&!*,'*#?!$(!#%*,&7,!%#&!-,!<#';(&$+0'5!K+!(-!;,-#&!.(!-,!
()%&($,! WU?! (-! ;,-#&! .(! <#';(&$+0'! $(&7,! -,! )+*,.! D@,9&7,! .#$! ,<<+#'($EB! QY?W! ;,-#&!
8/(!($!+'H(&+#&!,!-#$!UR!.(-!'#)+',-!.(-!9#'#]!-/(>#!'#!$(!#%*,&7,!%#&!-,!<#';(&$+0'5!
4'!(-!G-*+)#!<,$#!(-!;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$(&7,!.(!NY?RVW!)+('*&,$!8/(!(-!'#)+',-!($!
.(!UR!%#&!-#!8/(!'#!$(!<#';(&*+&7,5!
!
O+>5QX!
!
!
^',! ;(3! ($*,9-(<+.,! -,! G-*+),! <#-/)',! .(-! =&9#-! 9+'#)+,-! ,;,'3,&7,)#$! @,<+,! -,! +3F
8/+(&.,!$,9+('.#!8/(!-,!%&#9,9+-+.,.!'(/*&,-!,-!&+($>#!.(!,$<('$#!($!+>/,-!,-!YU?W`S!
J!8/(!(-!*+%#!$+'!&+($>#!($!.(-!NRS!,'/,-5!4-!;,-#&!,<*/,-!.(!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!
($!.(!Q_?UV5!
!
6@#&,!+'*&#./3<,)#$!-,!#%<+0'!.(!&($<,*(!,'*+<+%,.#5!M,&,!(--#!<,-</-,&()#$!(-!;,-#&!
.(!<#';(&$+0'!,-!H+',-!.(-!,2#!N5!I,!.(<+$+0'!($!&($<,*,&!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!</,'.#!(-!
;,-#&!.(!<#';(&$+0'!$/%(&(!,-!%&(<+#!.(-!&($<,*(5!M,&*+('.#!.(!-,!H+>/&,!QU?!(-!;,-#&!.(!
<#';(&$+0'!,-!H+',-!.(-!,2#!N!%/(.(!$(&!.(!UX?RQW!DaY`?RWcQE!('!(-!<,$#!.(!,$<('$#!J!
.(! QR?YX! DaXN?Q`cQE! ('! (-! <,$#! .(! .($<('$#5! K0-#! ('! (-! %&+)(&! <,$#! (-! ;,-#&! .(!
<#';(&$+0'!$/%(&,!,-!%&(<+#!.(!&($<,*(!,'*+<+%,.#!DUNE!%#&!-#!8/(!*('.&7,!-/>,&!A$*(!
G-*+)#!-#!8/(!+'./<+&7,!,!-#$!#9-+>,<+#'+$*,$!,!<#';(&*+&!$/!*7*/-#!('!,<<+#'($!,'*($!.(!
8/(!$(!-#!,)#&*+<('5!4'!-,!H+>/&,!QW!$(!%/(.(!#9$(&;,&!(-!=&9#-!9+'#)+,-!&($/-*,'*(!
.(!($*,$!.(<+$+#'($5!!
!
O+>5QW!
!
27
!
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
C#)#!$(!#9$(&;,!('!-,!H+>/&,!QW!(-!=&9#-!($*=!%#.,.#!('!-,!&,),!$/%(&+#&!%/($*#!8/(!
($*,)#$!;,-#&,'.#!-,!#9-+>,<+0'!<#';(&*+9-(!J!:/$*#!('!.+<@,!&,),!J,!$(!@,!<#';(&F
*+.#!,$7!8/(!,!%,&*+&!.(!,@#&,!$(&=!/',!,<<+0'!</J#!;,-#&!($!.(!UX?RU!DH7:($(!8/(!,!$/!
%&#%+(*,&+#! -(! +'*(&($,&7,! $(>/+&! *('+('.#! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! %/($*#! 8/(! (--,!
;,-(!UW?N_!$+!'#!H/($(!%#&8/(!$(!-,!;,'!,!&($<,*,&!,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!-#!8/(!-(!#9-+>,!,!
<#';(&*+&! %(&.+('.#! N?NYE5! 4-! ;,-#&! ,<*/,-! .(! -,! #9-+>,<+0'! <#';(&*+9-(! J! &($<,*,9-(!
,'*+<+%,.,)('*(!($!+>/,-!,!Q`?V5!
!
I,!#%<+0'!.(!&($<,*(!,'*+<+%,.#!;,-(!Q_?UV!u!Q`?V!a!R?YV5!i+('*&,$!8/(!-,!#%<+0'!.(!
<#';(&$+0'!($!+>/,-!,!Q_?UV!u!UR!1!DN?NEFQ!a!X?W`5! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
8)7/)0C1%?H%#
!
6II4"?!K*(;('!J!yI4["KZ4["?!6&'#-.B!U$.3(,="Q(D%-!L,*/)%"L,:%&')%,'&"X"2%0(:$'(:%"
H%*30('(%&5!"(k!v#&l!['$*+*/*(!#H!O+','<(5!N__N!
6^z\hK?!o5C5B!#%&"Y1'(/,&"&30"K$3D"-ZL,'%0['5!4<#'#)+<,5!M,&7$5!N_`_!
j6II?!C565?!J!Zh\h^K?!"5"5B!{j#'.!M&+<($!TJ',)+<$!,'.!h%*+#'${5!O/30,$."/A"Q(,$,*($."
$,-"\3$,'('$'(:%"],$.>&(&5!T+<5!N_`U5!M=>$5B!WNVFWUQ!
jI6Cy?! O+$<@(&! J! KCmhI4K?! iJ&#'B! {P,-#&,<+0'! .(! h%<+#'($! J! .(! M,$+;#$! .(! /',!
4)%&($,{5!],^.(&(&"Q(,$,*(%0/!'q!WU5!N__N5!M=>$5B!N`FQV!!!
jhT[4?!|;+]!y6"4?!6-(1!J!i6\C^K?!6-,'B!L,:%&')%,'&5![&k+'5!m#)(k##.!D[--E5!N__U5!
jhKK64\ZK?! M(*(&! J! h.(&>,,&.?! j(&'*B! #%*'30%&" /," R/01/0$'%" Q(,$,*%5! n#&-.!
K<+('*+H+<5!K+'>,%/&5!QRRN!!
j\4""6"?! i5?! J! KCmn6\Z|?! 45B! {C#'.+*+#',-! M&(.+<*+#'$! #H! j#'.! M&+<($! ,'.!
\(*/&'${5!O/30,$."/A"Q(,$,*%5!i,J5!N_`R5!M%5B!XRWFXNY!
Ch^\Z6Th"?!z5B!{Z@(!%&+<+'>!#H!#%*+#'$!#'!.(H,/-*FH&((!9#'.${5!O/30,$."/A"Q(,$,*($."
$,-"\3$,'('$'(:%"],$.>&(&5!i,&3#5!N__Q5!M=>$5B!VWFNRR!
T6K?! K,*J,:+*B! H'03*'30%-" I/'%&" $,-" 2%0(:$'(:%" J)6%--%-" H%*30('(%&5! 4/&#)#'(J5!
I#'.&($5!N__Y!
T6ZZ6Z\4v6?!\,;+!J!O6jh||[?!O&,'lB!{^'!i#.(-#!K+)%-+H+<,.#!%,&,!P,-#&,&!h%<+#'($!
$#9&(!T(/.,{5!],^.(&(&"Q(,$,*(%0/!'q!WU5!N__N5!M=>$5B!WQFYW!
T[4|?! I/+$! J! i6KC6\4}6K?! o/,'B! L,=%,(%0B$" Q(,$,*(%0$5! i<z&,k! m+--5! i,.&+.5! N__X!
DQ~!(.5E!
46I4K?!j5!DQRRREB!Q(,$,*($."J,=(,%%0(,=5!i<i+--,'!M&($$5!I#'.&($!
4IZh"?!4.k+'!J!z\^j4\?!i,&*+'B!N/-%0,"4/0'A/.(/"KS%/0>"$,-"L,:%&')%,'"],$.>&(&5!
o#@'!n+-(J5!"/(;,!v#&l5!N__N!
O6jh||[?!O&,'l!J!Oh"z?!z+HH#&.B!]-:$,*%-"Q(D%-"L,*/)%"4/0'A/.(/"N$,$=%)%,'T"KS%"
H'$'%"/A"'S%"]0'5!M&#9/$5!C@+<,>#5!N__Y!
O6jh||[?!O&,'lB!@/,-"N$0_%'&T"],$.>&(&"$,-"H'0$'%=(%&5!M&('*+<(!m,--5!N__Y!DU~!(.5E!
O6\\4II?!o,)($B!4/0'A/.(/"N$,$=%)%,'5!i<z&,k!m+--5!"/(;,!v#&l5!N__V!DQ~!(.5E!
O4\"6"T4|?! M,9-#B! {j#'#$! J! h9-+>,<+#'($! C#';(&*+9-($! ('! 4$%,2,{5! ],^.(&(&" Q(!
,$,*(%0/!'q!WX5!N__N5!M=>$5B!UNFUV!
O[Km4\?!I,k&('<(B!{T(*(&)+','*$!#H!\+$l!M&()+/)!#'!C#&%#&,*(!j#'.${5!O/30,$."/A"
4/.('(*$."J*/,/)>?!YV?!'q!U5!o/'(5!N_W_5!M=>$5B!QNVFQUV!
28
Monografías de Juan Mascareñas sobre Finanzas Corporativas
ISSN: 1988-1878
9 - La Valoración de los Activos Financieros de Renta Fija
O\6"C[K?!o,<lB!N$,$=%)%,'"/A"L,:%&')%,'&5!i<z&,k!m+--5!"/(;,!v#&l5!N__U5!
z6I6[?!T,'!J!KCm"4II4\?!i+(&B!eM&+<+'>!n,&&,'*$!,'.!*@(!P,-/(!#H!O+&)f5!O/30,$."/A"
Q(,$,*%!UU5!T+<5!N_V`5!M=>$5B!NUUUFNUXQ!
z4ii[II?!z#&.#'B!Y1'(/,&"40(*(,=5!i<z&,k!m+--5!j(&l$@+&(5!N__U!
m6^z4"?! \#9(&*B! N/-%0," L,:%&')%,'" KS%/0>5! M&('*+<(! m,--5! 4'>-(k##.! C-+HH$5! D"oE5!
N__R5!M=>$5B!UVYFU`_5!
m4"T4\KmhZZ?!M5?!J!y[Tn4II?!T5B!{Z@(![)%,<*!#H!\(-,*+;(!K(</&+*J!K/%%-+(${5!O/30,$."
/A"N/,%>7"R0%-('"$,-"@$,_(,=5!6/>/$*5!N_V`!
oh"4K?!M@+-+%!J!i6Kh"?!K<#**B!{T(/.,!C#';(&*+9-(!('!6<<+#'(${5!!],^.(&(&"Q(,$,*(%0/!
'q!WX5!N__N5!M=>$5B!N`FUR!
I6ihZm4?!M&#$%(&!J!MA&(3?!i+>/(-B!Y1*(/,%&"Q(,$,*(%0$&">"40/-3*'/&"J&'03*'30$-/&5!
i<z&,k!m+--5!i,.&+.5!QRRY!
i6KC6\4}6K?!o/,'B!L,,/:$*(+,"Q(,$,*(%0$5!i<z&,k!m+--5!i,.&+.5!N___!
i4T^K?!o(,'FI#/+$B!L,=M,(%0(%"A(,$,*(`0%"%'"/1M0$'(/,&"a"%AA%'&"-%".%:(%05!I($!4.+*+#'$!
.h&>,'+$,*+#'5!M,&7$5!N__N!!
\6v?!C@&+$*+',B!KS%"@/,-"N$0_%'5![&k+'5!m#)(k##.!D[--5E5!N__U!
\hK4"?! I,k&('<(B! KS%" N*b0$E" c(.." c$,-6//_" /A" L,'%0%&'7" d(%.-&7" $,-" e%'30,&5!
i<z&,k!m+--5!"/(;,!v#&l5!N__W!
KCm6OO4\?! K5i5! J! KCmn6\Z|?! 45K5B! {Z+)(! .(%('.('*! ;,&+,'<(! ,'.! *@(! %&+<+'>! #H!
9#'.!#%*+#'${5!O/30,$."/A"Q(,$,*%5!T+<5!N_`V5!M=>$5B!NNNUFNNQ`!
Km6\M4?!n+--+,)]!6I4Ä6"T4\?!z#&.#'!J!j6[I4v?!o(HH&(JB!L,:%&')%,'&5!M&('*+<(!m,--5!
4'>-(k##.!C-+HH$!D"oE5!N__W5!
P6"! mh\"4?! o,)($B! Q(,$,*($." N$0_%'" e$'%&" $,-" Q./E&5! M&('*+<(! m,--5! 4'>-(k##.!
C-+HH$!D"oE5!N__R5!
|n[Cy?! j/&*#'B! {v+(-.$! #'! M&+;,*(-J! M-,<(.! C#&%#&,*(! j#'.${5! O/30,$." /A" Q(,$,*%5!
i,&<@5!N_`R5!M=>$5B!QUFQ_!
29
Descargar