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Nunca un año se presentó con tantas pruebas y obstáculos, con seguridad puedo decir que los
aprendizajes obtenidos en este proceso marcarán mi camino de hoy en adelante. Les dedico este
trabajo a mi familia, a quien les debo todo lo que soy ; gracias a su esfuerzo. A Alejandra por su
constante apoyo.
6
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Agradezco el constante apoyo de mi familia para seguir alimentando un acervo permanente por
el conocimiento y el pensamiento en nuestra sociedad. Agradezco la visión, compromiso y apoyo
de Enzo Sauma, a quien agradezco su permanente guía en el desarrollo de este trabajo.
Agradezco a su vez a todos quienes me han apoyado en el desarrollo de esta tesis; a
Guillermo Pérez del Río, mis colegas y amigos.
7
8
La necesidad de mayores niveles de eficiencia energética (EE) en nuestra sociedad nunca ha sido
tan evidente como en la actualidad. Factores como los altos precios de la energía eléctrica que
enfrentan los consumidores, la creciente preocupación por el medioambiente, y la seguridad
energética contribuyen a una creciente conciencia de la necesidad de una mayor EE en el sector
eléctrico, por lo que, el debate a nivel mundial se ha centrado en el diseño de mecanismos
regulatorios que mitiguen los incentivos negativos y/o proporcionan incentivos positivos para
que las empresas distribuidoras implementen programas de EE.
Este trabajo demuestra que mediante un sistema de tarificación flexible (política del tipo
time of use, TOU), es posible aplanar la curva de carga diaria, mejorando el bienestar de los
consumidores y de las empresas distribuidoras, logrando de este modo, sostener un crecimiento
del país con visión y generación de políticas de EE.
El diseño del sistema de tarificación tipo TOU permite generar un sistema de tarificación
horaria diferenciada con parámetros como los límites horarios y los niveles de precio de acuerdo
a la zona geográfica de manera de dar cuenta de la variabilidad de costos asociada a la
generación, transmisión y distribución de cada zona.
Este estudio concluye que la incorporación de un sistema de tarificación flexible para el
consumo eléctrico en Chile, permite, si consideramos iniciativas que promuevan un 5% de
ahorro real en el consumo en horarios punta, que el spread o diferencia entre los sistemas de
tarificación propuesto y actual es de MM 811,7 en el periodo de estudio de 3 años (2005, 2006,
2007), lo cual considerando una tasa de descuento de un 8% anual, nos permite concluir que la
ganancia de implementar de un sistema de tarificación simétrico y diferenciado a tres tramos es
de MMUSD 3132,31, durante el periodo 2005 a 2007.
Palabras Claves: (Eficiencia energética, Tarificación flexible, curva de carga, políticas de
incentivo).
9
:
The need for higher levels of energy efficiency(EE) in our society has never been as obvious as
at present. Factors such as the high prices electric energy consumers are facing, the growing
concern for the environment and energy security contribute to a growing awareness of the need
for greater EE electric measures, thus the world discussion has focused on the design of pricing
mechanisms that mitigate the negative incentives and provide positive incentives for distributors
to implement EE programs.
This work shows that using a flexible pricing system (time of use rate policy, TOU), it is
possible to flatten the curve of load daily, improving both the consumer’s welfare and
distributors profits achieving in this way, a growth of the country with vision and generationEE
policy.
The design of a TOU rate pricing system, allows to generate a hourly differentiated pricing
system with parameters such as time limits and price levels according to the geographical area so
as to measure the variability of costs associated with thepower generation, transmission and
distribution of each area.
The study concludes that the implementation of a flexible pricing system for electricity
consumption in Chile, enable, if we consider initiatives that promote 5% savings in real
consumption in peak hours, that the spread or difference between the proposed systems and the
actual pricing is of MM 811.7 for the study period of 3 years (2005, 2006, 2007), which
considering a discount rate of 8% per year, allows us to conclude that the gain of implementing
symmetrical and differential pricing system with three segment is MMUSD 3132.31, during the
period 2005-2007.
Keywords: (Energy efficient, flexible pricing system, load curve, incentives policies).
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